Congress and BJP

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Chairperson Sonia Gandhi

Parliamentary Chairperson Sonia Gandhi

Leader in Lok Sabha Pranab Mukherjee(Finance Minister)

Leader in Rajya Sabha Manmohan Singh(Prime Minister)

Founded 1885



Headquarters24, Akbar Road,

New Delhi, 110011

Newspaper Congress Sandesh

Student wingNational Students Union of

India

Youth wing Indian Youth Congress

Women's wing Mahila Congress

Labour wingIndian National Trade Union

Congress



Ideology

Populism Indian

Nationalism

(Liberal nat i onal i sm)

Social liberalism

Democratic socialism

Social democracy

Secularism

Third WaySocial Populism

Political position Center-left

International affiliation Alliance of Democrats

Official colours AquaECI Status National Party

AllianceUnited Progressive Alliance

(UPA)

Seats in Lok Sabha 206 / 545

Seats in Rajya Sabha 72 / 250



Election symbol -



Name of President Life Span Year of Presidency Place of Conference

Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee 29 December 1844- 1906 1885 Mumbai

Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1886 Calcutta

Badruddin Tyabji 10 October 1844- 1906 1887 Madras

George Yule 18291892 1888 Allahabad

Sir William Wedderburn 18381918 1889 Mumbai

Sir Pherozeshah Mehta 4 August 1845- 1915 1890 Calcutta

P. Anandacharlu August 1843- 1908 1891 Nagpur

Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee 29 December 1844- 1906 1892 Allahabad

Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1893 Lahore

Alfred Webb 18341908 1894 Madras

Surendranath Banerjea 10 November 1848- 1925 1895 PuneRahimtulla M. Sayani 5 April 1847- 1902 1896 Calcutta

Sir C. Sankaran Nair 11 July 1857- 1934 1897 Amraoti

Ananda Mohan Bose 23 September 1847- 1906 1898 Madras

Romesh Chunder Dutt 13 August 1848- 1909 1899 Lucknow

Sir Narayan Ganesh

Chandavarkar2 December 1855- 1923 1900 Lahore

Sir Dinshaw Edulji Wacha 2 August 1844- 1936 1901 Calcutta

Surendranath Banerjea 10 November 1825- 1917 1902 Ahmedabad

Lalmohan Ghosh 18481909 1903 Madras

Sir Henry Cotton 18451915 1904 Mumbai

Gopal Krishna Gokhale 9 May 1866- 1915 1905 Benares

Dadabhai Naoroji 4 September 1825- 1917 1906 Calcutta

Rashbihari Ghosh 23 December 1845- 1921 1907 SuratRashbihari Ghosh 23 December 1845- 1921 1908 Madras



Rao Bahadur Raghunath Narasinha

Mudholkar18571921 1912 Bankipur

Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur ?- 1919 1913 Karachi

Bhupendra Nath Bose 18591924 1914 Madras

Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha March 1863- 1928 1915 Mumbai

Ambica Charan Mazumdar 18501922 1916 LucknowAnnie Besant 1 October 1847- 1933 1917 Calcutta

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya 25 December 1861- 1946 1918 Delhi

Syed Hasan Imam 31 August 1871- 1933 1918 Mumbai (Special Session)

Pandit Motilal Nehru 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 1919 Amritsar

Lala Lajpat Rai 28 January 1865- 17 November 1928 1920 Calcutta (Special Session)

C. Vijayaraghavachariar 1852- 19 April 1944 1920 NagpurHakim Ajmal Khan 1863- 29 December 1927 1921 Ahmedabad

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das 5 November 1870- 16 June 1925 1922 Gaya

Maulana Mohammad Ali 10 December 1878- 4 January 1931 1923 Kakinada

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1888- 22 February 1958 1923 Delhi (Special Session)

Mahatma Gandhi 2 October 1869- 30 January 1948 1924 Belgaum

Sarojini Naidu 13 February 1879- 2 March 1949 1925 Kanpur

S. Srinivasa Iyengar September 11, 1874- 19 May 1941 1926 Gauhati

Dr. M A Ansari 25 December 1880- 10 May 1936 1927 Madras

Pandit Motilal Nehru 6 May 1861- 6 February 1931 1928 Calcutta

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 14 November 1889- 27 May 1964 1929 & 30 Lahore



Sardar Vallabhbhai

Patel

31 October 1875- 15

December 19501931 Karachi

Pandit Madan Mohan

Malaviya

25 December 1861-

19461932 Delhi

Pandit Madan MohanMalaviya

25 December 1861-1946

1933 Calcutta

Nellie Sengupta 18861973 1933 Calcutta

Dr. Rajendra Prasad3 December 1884- 28

February 19631934 & 35 Mumbai

Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru

14 November 1889- 27

May 1964 1936 Lucknow

Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru


May 19641936& 37 Faizpur

Netaji Subhash Chandra

Bose

23 January 1897- 18

August 1945?1938 Haripura

Netaji Subhash ChandraBose

23 January 1897- 18August 1945?

1939 Jabalpur

Maulana Abul Kalam

Azad1888- 22 February 1958 1940-46 Ramgarh

Acharya J.B. Kripalani 1888- 19 March 1982 1947 Delhi

Dr PattabhiSitaraimayya

24 December 1880- 17December 1959

1948 & 49 Jaipur



Purushottam Das

Tandon

1 August 1882- 1 July

19611950 Nasik

Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru


May 19641951 & 52 Delhi

Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru


May 19641953 Hyderabad

Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru


May 1964 1954 Kalyani

U N Dhebar21 September 1905-

19771955 Avadi

U N Dhebar

21 September 1905-

1977 1956 Amritsar

U N Dhebar21 September 1905-

19771957 Indore

U N Dhebar

21 September 1905-

1977 1958 Gauhati



U N Dhebar 21 September 1905- 1977 1959 Nagpur

Indira Gandhi19 November 1917- 31

October 19841959 Delhi

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1960 Bangalore

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1961 Bhavnagar

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 19 May 1913- 1 June 1996 1962 & 63 Patna

K. Kamaraj15 July 1903- 2 October

1975

1964 Bhubaneswar


19751965 Durgapur


19751966 & 67 Jaipur

S. Nijalingappa10 December 1902- 9

August 20001968 Hyderabad

S. Nijalingappa10 December 1902- 9

August 20001969 Faridabad

Jagjivan Ram 5 April 1908- 6 July 1986 1970 & 71 Mumbai



Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma19 August 1918- 26

December 19991972- 74 Calcutta

Dev Kant Baruah 22 February 1914- 1996 1975- 77 Chandigarh


October 19841978- 83 Delhi


October 19841983 -84 Calcutta

Rajiv Gandhi20 August 1944- 21 May

19911985 -91 Mumbai

P. V. Narasimha Rao28 June 1921- 23

December 20041992 -96 Tirupati

Sitaram KesriNovember 1919- 24

October 20001997 -98 Kolkata

Sonia Gandhi 9 December 1946- 1998present Kolkata



History of Indian National Congress

The history of the Indian National Congress falls into

two distinct eras:

1:- Before independence senario, when the party was atthe forefront of the struggle for independence and was

instrumental in the whole of India;

2:- After independence senario, when the party hasenjoyed a prominent place in Indian politics, ruling the

country for 48 of the 60 years since independence in

1947.



Before independence senario, the congress was

divided in two groups.

1:-Moderate :- The moderates were more educated

and wanted to win people's faith to lead the nation

to independence without bloodshed.

2:-Activist.:- The activists however wanted to follow

a revolutionary path and make it a militant

organization.



From its foundation on 28 December 1885 until the

time of independence of India on August 15, 1947,

The Indian National Congress was the largest and

most prominent Indian public organization, and

central and defining influence of the Indian

Independence Movement.

Although initially and primarily a political body, theCongress transformed itself into a national vehicle for

social reform and human upliftment. The Congress

was the strongest foundation and defining influence

of modern Indian nationalism.



Founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume,

Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh

Chandra Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee,

Monomohun Ghose, Mahadev Govind Ranade

and William Wedderburn,

The Indian National Congress became the leader

of the Indian Independence Movement, withover 15 million members and over 70 million

participants in its struggle against British rule in

India.



The first serious challenge to Congress hegemony

came in 1967 when a united opposition, under the

banner of Samyukt Vidhayak Dal, won control over

several states in the Hindi belt.

Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Nehru, and Congress

president, was then challenged by the majority of

the party leadership.

The conflict led to a split, and Indira launched

a separate INC.

Initially this party was known as Congress (R),

but it soon came to be generally known as the

New Congress.



The official party became known as Indian National

Congress (Organisation) led by Kamaraj.

It was informally called the Old Congress.

As Indira Gandhi had control over the state

machinery, her faction was recognized as the "real"INC by the Election Commission of India, although

her organization was the break-away group.



Afterward, former treasurer Sitaram Kesri tookover the reins of the party and oversaw theCongress support to the United Front

governments that ran from 19961998. During his tenure, several key leaders broke

away from the party, and serious infightingbroke out among those left.

In 1998, Sonia Gandhi finally accepted the postof Congress President, in a move that may havesaved the party from extinction.



After her election as party leader, a section of

the party, which objected to the choice,

broke away and formed the Nationalist

Congress Party.

The use of "Congress " continues to denotethe party run by Indira Gandhi's successors.

There have been repeated attempts by the

Indian nationalist groups (such as theBharatiya Janata Party, BJP) to discredit Sonia

Gandhi's leadership on the basis of her

foreign origin - she is of Italian ethnicity.



The Congresss six basics for governance:

Samajik Sadhhavna :- To ensure social cohesion and

harmony by taking the strictest possible action againstthose who promote bigotry and hatred

Yuva Rozgar:- To accelerate growth of productive and

secure employment opportunities by around one crore

a year so that each family has a viable livelihood.

Grameen Vikas:- To improve the income and welfare of

kisans and khet mazdoors across the country;



Corruption free Nation.

To make a strong & united nation by curbing

division of individuals in the name of caste &

creed.

Employment for at least one member per family

for poor section of society.

Equality of Education policy & preventing itscommercialization.

To finish all terrorist camps & their activities.



To provide Insurance to farmers & their

production and equipments at reasonable prices.

To uplift Indian small-scale industries & to reduce

imports.

To bring uniformity in the civil law of the

countries.

To organize training camps for the protection of women.



Ad Liking.

Review Of Public.

Survey Revels.

As per CMS(Centre for Media Studies),

about

10,000 crore spent during the Lok Sabha

elections



Congress is currently in power in seven states(Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi,Rajasthan, Haryana, Mizoram and Manipur)where the party enjoys a majority of its own.

In three other states Assam, Goa andMaharashtra it shares power with otheralliance partners.

In Tamil Nadu, where it lost power in

1967 assembly election, is not able to

capture again since then.



The party now provides outside support to the

ruling Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in Puducherry .

In the remaining states and union territories,various opposition parties are in power.



Historically, the party has favored farmers,

laborers, labor unions, and religious and ethnic

minorities.

It has opposed unregulated business and

finance, and favored progressive income taxes.

However, in recent years the party had adopted

centrist economic and social democratic

agenda.



Social policy of the Indian National Congress is

based on Gandhian concept of Sarvodaya

Sarvodaya in simple words means upliftment

of all sections of the society.

In particular INC gives special emphasis on the

welfare of the economically and sociallydisadvantaged sections of the society.



Traditionally, Economic policy of the INCemphasized on the importance of the public sectoraimed at establishing a "socialistic pattern of society".

However, since the economic liberalizationsinitiated by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the then FinanceMinister in the early 1990s, the economic policy of INC has been changed somewhat and it is now

adopted free market policies. Though at the same time it is in favour of taking a

cautious approach in proceeding with liberalizationto ensure that the weaker sections are not affectedtoo hard by the liberalization process.



BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY

B

J

P



Chairperson Nitin Gadkari

Leader in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj

Leader in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley

Founded 1980

Preceded by Bharatiya Jana Sangh

Headquarters11 Ashoka Road,

New Delhi, 110001

Newspaper K amal Sandesh

Student wing Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad

Youth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha

Women's wing BJP Mahila Morcha



Labour wing Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh

Peasant's wing Bharatiya Kisan Sangh

Ideology

Progressivism

Indian Nationalism(H i ndu Nat i onal i sm)

Integral humanism

Economic liberalism

Free market

Conservatism

Social conservatism

Political position Centre-right

International affiliation None

Official colours Orange

ECI Status National Party

Alliance National Democratic Alliance (NDA)

Seats in Lok Sabha 116 / 545

Seats in Rajya Sabha 49 / 250



List of presidents of the party



Year Name Rationale

19801986Atal Bihari

Vajpayee

19861991Lal Krishna

AdvaniFirst Term

19911993Murli Manohar

Joshi

19931998 Lal KrishnaAdvani

Second Term

19982000Kushabhau

Thakre



20002001 Bangaru Laxman

20012002 JanaKrishnamurthi

20022004 Venkaiah Naidu

20042006Lal Krishna

AdvaniThird Term

20062009 Rajnath SinghFirst Term (Hewas re-elected

for second term

in Dec 2006)

2009- Nitin Gadkari



Shri Mookerjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21st

Oct. 1951 at Delhi and he became the first President of

it.

In 1952 elections, Bharatiya Jana Sangh won 3 seats in

Parliament one of them being that of Shri Mookerjee.

H

e had formed National Democratic Party within theParliament which consisted 32 members of MPs and 10

of Members of Rajya Sabha which however was not

recognised by the speaker as an opposition party.

After his death in custody, the BJS lasted for 24 more

years, but never seriously challenged the power of

Indian National Congress,

The only well-structured political party since India's

independence. It did however groom future political

leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani.

FOUNDER of BHARTIYA JANA SANGH



The BJP is the successor party of the BJS, which merged itself

into the Janata Party in 1977. The BJP was formed as a separate

party in 1980 after internal differences in the Janata Partyresulted in the collapse of it's government in 1979.

The BJP was founded in December 1980,

under the direct leadership of Vajpayee and Advani.

In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections,

the BJP got only 2 seats out of 543.

Thos two are

1:- Hanamkonda from Andhra Pradesh won by Ch. Janga Reddy2:- Mehsana from Gujarat won by A.K. Patel.



However, in the following 1989 Lok Sabha elections,

the BJP obtained 88 seats and it supported the Janata Dal-led

coalition of V.P. Singh.

On October 23, 1990, Advani was arrested by the Chief

Minister of Bihar, Laloo Prasad Yadav,

due to his agitation for the construction of the RamJanmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya, and as a result the BJP

withdrew its support of the government and it fell.

After the 1991 Lok Sabha elections,

the BJP became the premier opposition party, and theCongress government functioned as a minority.

During this time, the Janata Dal, the other major offshoot of

the Janata Party, saw itself crumble into regional factions, and

many leaders opted for the BJP.



The First BJP Government (May 16 - 31st, 1996)

In 1996, the BJP became the single-largest political

party in the parliament, with the Congress at its

lowest tally ever.

The President of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma,

appointed Vajpayee as Prime Minister

Non-Congress, non-BJP parties were able to gain a

majority of support and so Vajpayee was obliged to

resign after serving the shortest time as prime

minister in India - 13 days.



The Second BJP Government (March 19, 1998 - October 13, 1999)

Lok Sabha elections were again held in 1998, and the NDA

National Democratic Alliance obtained a simple majority.

This time, the BJP (NDA) had allied with the AIADMK and the Biju

Janata Dal besides its existing allies

The Samata Party, the Shiromani Akali Dal and Shiv Sena. Outside

support was provided by the Telugu Desam Party.

The NDA had a slim majority, and Vajpayee returned as PrimeMinister. But the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader

of AIADMK, Jayalalitha, withdrew her support, and fresh elections

were again called. (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam)



The Third BJP Government (October 13, 1999 - May 13, 2004)

The BJP-led NDA won 303 seats on OCT 13, 1999. (National Democratic Alliance)

Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time in his life, and Advani

became the Deputy Prime Minister andHome Minister.

This NDA Government lasted its term of five years. Vajpayee and hiseconomic team, led by Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha, continued the

policies initiated by the previous Congress Government under P V Narasimha

Rao and Manmohan Singh.

The liberalization of trade under World Trade Organization rules, opening

the skies to commercial airlines, foreign investment and ownership andallowed private companies such as Mahindra World City and Reliance to build

Special Economic Zones where property developers could build new cities

with world-class infrastructure for factories that export products.



Earlier, in December 1999, the party had severely been criticized

for its conduct, when the then External Affairs Minister, Jaswant

Singh, personally escorted three terrorists to Kandahar [9] in

return for the hostages on board a hijacked aircraft.

The terrorists included Omar Ahmed Sheikh (involved in the

killing of Daniel Pearl and Jaish-e-Mohammad chief, Mohammad

Azhar.

The terrorists included Omar Ahmed Sheikh (involved in the

killing of Daniel Pearl ) and Jaish-e-Mohammad chief, Mohammad

Azhar.

In 2002, the Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act law increasing

the powers of police authorities and intelligence agencies was

passed in an effort to curb subversive political activities and

terrorism. The POTA was promulgated chiefly in response to the

December 13, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Union Parliament.



After the 2004 General Election

The BJP and the NDA suffered a shock defeat in the generalelections in 2004, and failed to muster a parliamentary majority.

A.B. Vajpayee passed on the prime ministership to Dr.

Manmohan Singh of the Congress Party,

After the defeat was clear, several prominent BJP members

including Sushma Swaraj and L.K. Advani, protested that Sonia

Gandhi should not be permitted to hold the Prime Minister's

office because of her Italian birth and her failure to take Indian

citizenship for almost 15 years after her wedding to Rajiv Gandhi

in spite of her claims to have "become an Indian in her heart the

day she became Indira Gandhi's daughter-in-law".

The political campaign of BJP had remained confined to television, radio and SMS

(mobile phones). There was also a belief that socio-religious organizations close to the

BJP (the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and VishwaHindu Parishad), offered little

assistance in these elections, due to the BJP government's non-pursuit of the Ayodhya

temple issue



AchievementsVajpayee was responsible for three efforts to build peaceful

relations with Pakistan.

In 1999, he rode on the inaugural Delhi-Lahore bus, and signed

the Lahore Declaration with the Pakistani Prime Minister,

committing India to peace.

In 2001 Vajpayee invited Pakistan's military ruler, PervezMusharraf, to Delhi, though the summit failed.

Vajpayee, in a speech to Parliament in August 2003, spoke of his

"absolute last attempt of my life" to foster peace with Pakistan,

de-freezing relations and invoking praise from world leaders.

In 2004, the Government signed the South Asia Free Trade

Agreement with Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka

and the Maldives, a decision intended to vastly benefit over 1.6

billion people.



Key Events2004:

Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Uma Bharati resigns as she is charged in adated case related to hoisting the Indian tricolour in a minority area.

Party President Venkaiah Naidu quits, paving the way for Lal Krishna

Advani to take up the post.

2005:The BJP eventually forms a government in Jharkhand and wins a second

set of elections in Bihar with the JD(U).

During a visit to Pakistan, party President LK Advani creates controversy

he names the country's founder, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, "secular".

The party faces embarrassment in a sting operation where journalists

offer money to MP's to raise questions in Parliament.

Six of the ten expelled parliamentarians are from the party



2006Rajnath Singh, a former Union Minister and Uttar Pradesh

Chief Minister, takes over as BJP Party President.

Former Chief Ministers Uma Bharati (Madhya Pradesh),

Babulal Marandi (Jharkhand) and Madan Lal Khurana (Delhi)officially leave the BJP to float their own political fronts.

The BJP aligns with the JD(S) to form a coalition in Karnataka,

its first government in South India.

Former Union Minister and urban face of the BJP, Pramod

Mahajan, is shot dead by his own brother.



2007

In Uttarakhand andHimachal Pradesh, the BJP regains power from the

Congress, and posts its fourth consecutive victory in Gujarat.

The Janata Dal (Secular) refuses to hand over the Chief Minister's post to

the BJP as agreed upon, leading to the downfall of the alliance

government in Karnataka.

After the JD(S) decides to reverse its decision, B.S. Yediyurappa becomes

the BJP's first southern CM. When the JD(S) once again goes back on its

word after a week, Yediyurappa resigns.

The party faces more tragedy as former Delhi CM Sahib Singh Verma dies

in a road accident and former party President Jana Krishnamurthy passesaway.

The party formally declares Leader of the Opposition, Lal Krishna Advani,

as BJP's Prime Ministerial Candidate.



2008:

B. S. Yeddyurappa leads BJP in Karnataka to victory in the2008 Karnataka state elections gaining just 3 seats short of a

majority. It is a historical win for BJP as it was able to form a

government in South India without a Coalition and the victory

is considered as Gateway to South-India by Party President

Rajnath Singh.

2009:

The BJP expels Jaswant Singh, former finance minister of

India, from the party for writing a book sympathetic towards

Muslim leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah. Political commentator

B. G. Verghese called it "The Talibanization of the BJP.

Congress and BJP

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Transcript of Congress and BJP