Công nghệ chưng cất dầu mỏ
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Transcript of Công nghệ chưng cất dầu mỏ
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7/31/2019 Cng ngh chng ct du m
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2. Nguyn l ca chng ct- Qu trnh tch mt dung dch bng cch un si n, ri
ngng t hi bay ra c 2 phn:+ Phn nh
+ Phn nng
C th thu c Distillat c thnh phn mong mun bng
cch chng ct nhiu ln.
Nhc im: rt phin phc, tn thi gian m khngkinh t.
Khc phc: dng h thng chng ct c ct chng ct.
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2. C s l thuyt
- Nhm phn tch du th thnh cc phn on
thch hp da vo nht si ca cc cu t
v khng lm phn hu chng.
- Phn loi:
+ Chng ct n gin .
+ Chng ct phc tp .
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2.1 Chngctngin
- Chngct bay hidndn
+ Chngct bay himtln
+ Chngct bay hinhiuln
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Chng bay hi mt ln
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7/25Chng bay hi nhiu ln
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2.2 Chng ct phc tp
- Chng ct c hi lu
- Chng ct c tinh luyn
- Chng ct chn khng & chng ct vi hi nc
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9/25S tip xc gia dng lng v hi trong thp chng ct
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2.3 a chng c t (Tray) Ti cc a xy ra qu trnh trao i nhit gia dng
hi v dng lng. ng thi ti y cng xy ra qutrnh trao i cht, phn nh trong pha lng bay hi
theo pha hi, phn nng trong pha hi ngng t theodng lng. Nh vy, khi dng hi ln n nh th rt giu cu t
nh, cn dng lng i xung y li giu cu t nng
hn. C rt nhiu dng a khc nhau c s dng tuvo loi nguyn liu. Nhng mc ch chung nhmm bo s tip xc gia pha lng v pha hi philn qu trnh phn tch hiu qu.
Hin nay, s dng ch yu cc dng a sau: a nhiu l (Sieve Trays) . a chp (BubbleCap Trays) .
a Van (Valve Trays) .
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3. Chng ct du p sut kh quyn (CDU)
- Mun c hiu qu phn tch tt, qu trnh
tip xc pha trong thp tinh luyn phi
c xy ra ng u, trit .
phi trang b cc c cu bn trong thp
nhm t c mc ch ny
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12/25S nguyn tc chng ct du p sut kh quyn
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13/25S cng ngh cm chng ct kh quyn
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Ch cng ngh c trng ca CDU
- Thp K1.
- Thp K2.
- L nung.
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Thp K1
Ngng cho php
Lu lng nguyn liu, m3/h 1.250
Nhit , oC
-Du th vo thp
-Dng hi lu
-nh thp
-y thp
200
340
Ph thuc ps - 85oC
240oC
p sut thp, atm 6,0
Lu lng hi, m3
/h 90
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Thp K2
Ngng cho php
Nhit , oC
-Nguyn liu vo thp
-Dng hi lu:
+ th I ti ca ra khi thp
+ th II ti ca ra khi thp
+ th I ti ca vo thp
+ th II ti ca vo thp
360
170
260
70
80
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L nung
Nhit , oC Ngng cho php
- ti ca ra khi l 800
- kh khi trn vch ngn 800
-nh thp ph thuc ps - 85oC
-y thp 240oC
p sut thp ( trn), atm 6,0
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La chn s v ch cng ngh
- Ph thuc vo cc c tnh ca nguyn liu v mc
ch ca qu trnh ch bin.
- Kh ho tan thpchng ct AD vi bay hi mt ln
v mt thp tinh ct.
- Phn nh nhiuchng ct AD vi bay hi hai ln.
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S cng ngh chng ct loi mt thp
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S cng ngh chng ct loi hai thp
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4. Chng ct trong chn khng (VDU)
- Mc ch: trnh s phn hy nhit ca cc hydrocacbon trong cn
mazut nhn c thm cc phn on du nhn v cn gudron.
- c im ca thp chn khng:
+ ct c nhiu nht v phn hy t
+ trnh phn
+ lu lng hi trong thp ln
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22/25Thp chng ct chn khng
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S cng ngh cm chng ct chn khng
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Ch cng ngh cm chng ct chn khngNhit , oC Ch
ti u
Ngng
cho php
Mazut ti ca ra l L-3 400 420
Vch ngn l L-3 700 450
nh thp K-10 90 100
y thp 345 350
Hi qu nhit 420 440
p sut d trong thp K-10, mm Hg 60 50
p sut hi vo my phun chn khng, atm 11 10
S C
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5. Sn phm ca CDU
- Phn bit bi gii hn nhit si (nhit chng), thnh phn
hydrocacbon, nht, nhit chp chy, nhit ng c v nhitnh cht khc c lin quan n vic s dng. Bao gm:
- Phn on kh hydrocacbon .
- Phn on xng- Phn on kerosen
- Phn on gazoil nh
- Phn on gazoil nng (du nhn)
- Phn on cn
