Confucius - 揚子法言 - Yangzi Fayan

Yang XiongYang XiongYang XiongYang Xiong

揚雄揚雄揚雄揚雄

揚子法言揚子法言揚子法言揚子法言 ---- Yangzi FayanYangzi FayanYangzi FayanYangzi Fayan

《《《《序序序序 ---- XuXuXuXu》》》》

1111 序序序序:::: 天降生民天降生民天降生民天降生民，，，，倥侗顓蒙倥侗顓蒙倥侗顓蒙倥侗顓蒙，，，，恣乎情性恣乎情性恣乎情性恣乎情性，，，，聰明不開聰明不開聰明不開聰明不開，，，，訓諸理訓諸理訓諸理訓諸理，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《學學學學

行行行行》。》。》。》。

When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and

ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and

original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped. original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped. original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped. original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped.

To teach To teach To teach To teach them the proper principles, I have written them the proper principles, I have written them the proper principles, I have written them the proper principles, I have written

"Learning and Practice.""Learning and Practice.""Learning and Practice.""Learning and Practice."

2222 序序序序:::: 降周迄孔降周迄孔降周迄孔降周迄孔，，，，成于王道成于王道成于王道成于王道，，，，然後誕章乖離然後誕章乖離然後誕章乖離然後誕章乖離，，，，諸子圖徽諸子圖徽諸子圖徽諸子圖徽，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《吾子吾子吾子吾子》。》。》。》。

In the time from the Duke of Zhou down to Confucius, In the time from the Duke of Zhou down to Confucius, In the time from the Duke of Zhou down to Confucius, In the time from the Duke of Zhou down to Confucius,

rulers were accomplished in the dao of kingship. rulers were accomplished in the dao of kingship. rulers were accomplished in the dao of kingship. rulers were accomplished in the dao of kingship.

Afterwards, the great precepts were abandoned, Afterwards, the great precepts were abandoned, Afterwards, the great precepts were abandoned, Afterwards, the great precepts were abandoned, and the and the and the and the

various masters drew emblems for their own banners. various masters drew emblems for their own banners. various masters drew emblems for their own banners. various masters drew emblems for their own banners.

Thus, I have written "My Master."Thus, I have written "My Master."Thus, I have written "My Master."Thus, I have written "My Master."

3333 序序序序:::: 事有本真事有本真事有本真事有本真，，，，陳施於意陳施於意陳施於意陳施於意，，，，動不克動不克動不克動不克，，，，咸本諸身咸本諸身咸本諸身咸本諸身，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《修身修身修身修身》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: Everything has an original essence, but it is unfolded Everything has an original essence, but it is unfolded Everything has an original essence, but it is unfolded Everything has an original essence, but it is unfolded

in myriad forms. If one's actions cannot be brought to in myriad forms. If one's actions cannot be brought to in myriad forms. If one's actions cannot be brought to in myriad forms. If one's actions cannot be brought to

completion, completion, completion, completion, one must seek the root of the matter in one must seek the root of the matter in one must seek the root of the matter in one must seek the root of the matter in

oneself. Thus, I have written "Cultivating the Self."oneself. Thus, I have written "Cultivating the Self."oneself. Thus, I have written "Cultivating the Self."oneself. Thus, I have written "Cultivating the Self."

4444 序序序序:::: 芒芒天道芒芒天道芒芒天道芒芒天道，，，，昔在聖考昔在聖考昔在聖考昔在聖考，，，，過則失中過則失中過則失中過則失中，，，，不及則不至不及則不至不及則不至不及則不至，，，，不可姦罔不可姦罔不可姦罔不可姦罔，，，，譔譔譔譔

《《《《問道問道問道問道》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: Vast! Vast is Tian's Dao! In the past the sages Vast! Vast is Tian's Dao! In the past the sages Vast! Vast is Tian's Dao! In the past the sages Vast! Vast is Tian's Dao! In the past the sages

completed it. If one goes too far, he loses the mean. If completed it. If one goes too far, he loses the mean. If completed it. If one goes too far, he loses the mean. If completed it. If one goes too far, he loses the mean. If

one doesn't one doesn't one doesn't one doesn't go all the way, he doesn't reach the Dao. It go all the way, he doesn't reach the Dao. It go all the way, he doesn't reach the Dao. It go all the way, he doesn't reach the Dao. It

cannot be defiled or maligned. Thus, I have written cannot be defiled or maligned. Thus, I have written cannot be defiled or maligned. Thus, I have written cannot be defiled or maligned. Thus, I have written

"Asking About the Dao.""Asking About the Dao.""Asking About the Dao.""Asking About the Dao."

5555 序序序序:::: 神心忽恍神心忽恍神心忽恍神心忽恍，，，，經緯萬方經緯萬方經緯萬方經緯萬方，，，，事系諸道事系諸道事系諸道事系諸道、、、、德德德德、、、、仁仁仁仁、、、、義義義義、、、、禮禮禮禮，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《問問問問

神神神神》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: Shen (Shen (Shen (Shen (神神神神) and xin () and xin () and xin () and xin (心心心心) are shadowy and indistinct, but ) are shadowy and indistinct, but ) are shadowy and indistinct, but ) are shadowy and indistinct, but

they are the warp and woof of the world,they are the warp and woof of the world,they are the warp and woof of the world,they are the warp and woof of the world, and their and their and their and their

workings are bound up with the Dao, de, ren, yi, and li. workings are bound up with the Dao, de, ren, yi, and li. workings are bound up with the Dao, de, ren, yi, and li. workings are bound up with the Dao, de, ren, yi, and li.

Thus I have written "Asking About Shen."Thus I have written "Asking About Shen."Thus I have written "Asking About Shen."Thus I have written "Asking About Shen."

6666 序序序序:::: 明哲煌煌明哲煌煌明哲煌煌明哲煌煌，，，，旁燭無疆旁燭無疆旁燭無疆旁燭無疆，，，，遜於不虞遜於不虞遜於不虞遜於不虞，，，，以保天命以保天命以保天命以保天命，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《問明問明問明問明》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere

without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and

protect his Heavenprotect his Heavenprotect his Heavenprotect his Heaven----decreed destiny. Thus, I have written decreed destiny. Thus, I have written decreed destiny. Thus, I have written decreed destiny. Thus, I have written

"Asking about Seeing Clearly.""Asking about Seeing Clearly.""Asking about Seeing Clearly.""Asking about Seeing Clearly."

7777 序序序序:::: 假言周于天地假言周于天地假言周于天地假言周于天地，，，，贊于神明贊于神明贊于神明贊于神明，，，，幽弘撗廣幽弘撗廣幽弘撗廣幽弘撗廣，，，，絕于邇言絕于邇言絕于邇言絕于邇言，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《寡見寡見寡見寡見》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: Sayings of the past spread throughout Heaven and Earth, Sayings of the past spread throughout Heaven and Earth, Sayings of the past spread throughout Heaven and Earth, Sayings of the past spread throughout Heaven and Earth,

serving as an aid to daimonic clarity. Profound and serving as an aid to daimonic clarity. Profound and serving as an aid to daimonic clarity. Profound and serving as an aid to daimonic clarity. Profound and

great, vast and great, vast and great, vast and great, vast and broad, they surpass recent sayings. Thus broad, they surpass recent sayings. Thus broad, they surpass recent sayings. Thus broad, they surpass recent sayings. Thus

I have written "The Seldom Seen."I have written "The Seldom Seen."I have written "The Seldom Seen."I have written "The Seldom Seen."

8888 序序序序:::: 聖人聰明淵懿聖人聰明淵懿聖人聰明淵懿聖人聰明淵懿，，，，繼天測靈繼天測靈繼天測靈繼天測靈，，，，冠乎群倫冠乎群倫冠乎群倫冠乎群倫，，，，經諸範經諸範經諸範經諸範，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《五百五百五百五百》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: The sage, keenly intelligent and profoundly good, The sage, keenly intelligent and profoundly good, The sage, keenly intelligent and profoundly good, The sage, keenly intelligent and profoundly good,

continues the work of Tian and fathoms the divine. continues the work of Tian and fathoms the divine. continues the work of Tian and fathoms the divine. continues the work of Tian and fathoms the divine.

Surpassing the common herd, he sets the Surpassing the common herd, he sets the Surpassing the common herd, he sets the Surpassing the common herd, he sets the standard. Thus, standard. Thus, standard. Thus, standard. Thus,

I have written "Five Hundred Years."I have written "Five Hundred Years."I have written "Five Hundred Years."I have written "Five Hundred Years."

9999 序序序序:::: 立政鼓眾立政鼓眾立政鼓眾立政鼓眾，，，，動化天下動化天下動化天下動化天下，，，，莫尚於中和莫尚於中和莫尚於中和莫尚於中和。。。。中和之發中和之發中和之發中和之發，，，，在於哲民情在於哲民情在於哲民情在於哲民情，，，，譔譔譔譔

《《《《先知先知先知先知》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: In establishing government, rousing the multitude, and In establishing government, rousing the multitude, and In establishing government, rousing the multitude, and In establishing government, rousing the multitude, and

influencing the world, nothing is superior to the influencing the world, nothing is superior to the influencing the world, nothing is superior to the influencing the world, nothing is superior to the

harmony of the mean. The key to implementing the harmony of the mean. The key to implementing the harmony of the mean. The key to implementing the harmony of the mean. The key to implementing the harmony harmony harmony harmony

of the mean lies in knowing the people's feelings. Thus, of the mean lies in knowing the people's feelings. Thus, of the mean lies in knowing the people's feelings. Thus, of the mean lies in knowing the people's feelings. Thus,

I have written "Foreknowledge."I have written "Foreknowledge."I have written "Foreknowledge."I have written "Foreknowledge."

10101010 序序序序:::: 仲尼以來仲尼以來仲尼以來仲尼以來，，，，國君將相國君將相國君將相國君將相，，，，卿士名臣卿士名臣卿士名臣卿士名臣，，，，參差不齊參差不齊參差不齊參差不齊，，，，一概諸聖一概諸聖一概諸聖一概諸聖，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《重重重重

黎黎黎黎》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms, Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms, Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms, Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms,

generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous

officialsofficialsofficialsofficials have been variously and nonhave been variously and nonhave been variously and nonhave been variously and non----uniformly judged. uniformly judged. uniformly judged. uniformly judged.

I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the

sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li."sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li."sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li."sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li."

11111111 序序序序:::: 仲尼之後仲尼之後仲尼之後仲尼之後，，，，訖于漢道訖于漢道訖于漢道訖于漢道，，，，德行顏德行顏德行顏德行顏、、、、閔閔閔閔，，，，股肱蕭股肱蕭股肱蕭股肱蕭、、、、曹曹曹曹，，，，爰及名將尊卑爰及名將尊卑爰及名將尊卑爰及名將尊卑

之條之條之條之條，，，，稱述品藻稱述品藻稱述品藻稱述品藻，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: From the time of Confucius down to the Dao of the Han, From the time of Confucius down to the Dao of the Han, From the time of Confucius down to the Dao of the Han, From the time of Confucius down to the Dao of the Han,

for virtuous conduct there were Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian, for virtuous conduct there were Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian, for virtuous conduct there were Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian, for virtuous conduct there were Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian,

and for Han Gaozu's arms and legs there were Xiao He and and for Han Gaozu's arms and legs there were Xiao He and and for Han Gaozu's arms and legs there were Xiao He and and for Han Gaozu's arms and legs there were Xiao He and

Cao Shen. Now, for ranking the eminence and lowliness of Cao Shen. Now, for ranking the eminence and lowliness of Cao Shen. Now, for ranking the eminence and lowliness of Cao Shen. Now, for ranking the eminence and lowliness of

famous generals, I have examined and evaluated them. famous generals, I have examined and evaluated them. famous generals, I have examined and evaluated them. famous generals, I have examined and evaluated them.

Thus, I have written "Yuan and QThus, I have written "Yuan and QThus, I have written "Yuan and QThus, I have written "Yuan and Qian."ian."ian."ian."

12121212 序序序序:::: 君子純終領聞君子純終領聞君子純終領聞君子純終領聞，，，，蠢迪撿押蠢迪撿押蠢迪撿押蠢迪撿押，，，，旁開聖則旁開聖則旁開聖則旁開聖則，，，，譔譔譔譔《《《《君子君子君子君子》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: The junzi is pure to the end and earns a fine The junzi is pure to the end and earns a fine The junzi is pure to the end and earns a fine The junzi is pure to the end and earns a fine

reputation. His actions follow standards and norms, and reputation. His actions follow standards and norms, and reputation. His actions follow standards and norms, and reputation. His actions follow standards and norms, and

he completely develops the principles of the sage. Thus, he completely develops the principles of the sage. Thus, he completely develops the principles of the sage. Thus, he completely develops the principles of the sage. Thus,

I have written "The Junzi."I have written "The Junzi."I have written "The Junzi."I have written "The Junzi."

13131313 序序序序:::: 孝莫大於寧親孝莫大於寧親孝莫大於寧親孝莫大於寧親，，，，寧親莫大於寧神寧親莫大於寧神寧親莫大於寧神寧親莫大於寧神，，，，寧神莫大於四表之歡心寧神莫大於四表之歡心寧神莫大於四表之歡心寧神莫大於四表之歡心，，，，譔譔譔譔

《《《《孝至孝至孝至孝至》。》。》。》。

Xu:Xu:Xu:Xu: In terms of filial devotion, nothing is greater than In terms of filial devotion, nothing is greater than In terms of filial devotion, nothing is greater than In terms of filial devotion, nothing is greater than

pacifying one's parents. In pacifying one's parents, pacifying one's parents. In pacifying one's parents, pacifying one's parents. In pacifying one's parents, pacifying one's parents. In pacifying one's parents,

nothing is greater than pacifying the spirits. In nothing is greater than pacifying the spirits. In nothing is greater than pacifying the spirits. In nothing is greater than pacifying the spirits. In

pacifying the spirits, nothing is greater than making pacifying the spirits, nothing is greater than making pacifying the spirits, nothing is greater than making pacifying the spirits, nothing is greater than making

the xinthe xinthe xinthe xin of the whole world joyful. Thus I have written of the whole world joyful. Thus I have written of the whole world joyful. Thus I have written of the whole world joyful. Thus I have written

"The "The "The "The UUUUltimate in Filial Devotion."ltimate in Filial Devotion."ltimate in Filial Devotion."ltimate in Filial Devotion."

《《《《學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第一一一一 ---- Learning and Learning and Learning and Learning and

PracticePracticePracticePractice》》》》

1111 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 學學學學，，，，行之行之行之行之，，，，上也上也上也上也；；；；言之言之言之言之，，，，次也次也次也次也；；；；教教教教人人人人，，，，又其次也又其次也又其次也又其次也。。。。

咸無咸無咸無咸無焉焉焉焉，，，，為為為為眾人眾人眾人眾人。。。。

Learning and Learning and Learning and Learning and

Practice:...:Practice:...:Practice:...:Practice:...:

As for learning, putting it into practice is As for learning, putting it into practice is As for learning, putting it into practice is As for learning, putting it into practice is

bestbestbestbest;;;; putting it putting it putting it putting it into words is second bestinto words is second bestinto words is second bestinto words is second best;;;;

instructing others is next. To do none of instructing others is next. To do none of instructing others is next. To do none of instructing others is next. To do none of

these is to be a common person.these is to be a common person.these is to be a common person.these is to be a common person.

2222 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「人人人人羨久羨久羨久羨久生生生生，，，，將以學將以學將以學將以學也也也也，，，，可可可可謂好謂好謂好謂好學學學學已已已已乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「未未未未之之之之好也好也好也好也。。。。學不學不學不學不羨羨羨羨。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Some people take up study Someone said: Some people take up study Someone said: Some people take up study Someone said: Some people take up study

because they covet a long life. Can because they covet a long life. Can because they covet a long life. Can because they covet a long life. Can this be this be this be this be

called loving to learncalled loving to learncalled loving to learncalled loving to learn????

Yangzi said: This is not loving to learn. Yangzi said: This is not loving to learn. Yangzi said: This is not loving to learn. Yangzi said: This is not loving to learn. OOOOne ne ne ne

who loves learning does not covet anything who loves learning does not covet anything who loves learning does not covet anything who loves learning does not covet anything

else.else.else.else.

3333 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 天之道天之道天之道天之道，，，，不在仲尼乎不在仲尼乎不在仲尼乎不在仲尼乎？？？？仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼駕說者也駕說者也駕說者也駕說者也，，，，不在不在不在不在茲儒茲儒茲儒茲儒

乎乎乎乎？？？？如如如如將將將將復駕其說復駕其說復駕其說復駕其說，，，，則莫則莫則莫則莫若使若使若使若使諸諸諸諸儒金口而木舌儒金口而木舌儒金口而木舌儒金口而木舌。。。。



Did Tian's dao not reside in ConfuciusDid Tian's dao not reside in ConfuciusDid Tian's dao not reside in ConfuciusDid Tian's dao not reside in Confucius????

ConfuciusConfuciusConfuciusConfucius』』』』s cart having come unharnessed, s cart having come unharnessed, s cart having come unharnessed, s cart having come unharnessed,

does Tian's dao not lie with these ru of does Tian's dao not lie with these ru of does Tian's dao not lie with these ru of does Tian's dao not lie with these ru of

todaytodaytodaytoday???? If they again harnessed up the cart, If they again harnessed up the cart, If they again harnessed up the cart, If they again harnessed up the cart,

then nothing could be better than to make all then nothing could be better than to make all then nothing could be better than to make all then nothing could be better than to make all

ru to have metal mouths with wooden tonguesru to have metal mouths with wooden tonguesru to have metal mouths with wooden tonguesru to have metal mouths with wooden tongues....

4444 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「學無學無學無學無益也益也益也益也，，，，如質何如質何如質何如質何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「未未未未之之之之思矣思矣思矣思矣。。。。

夫夫夫夫有有有有刀者礲刀者礲刀者礲刀者礲諸諸諸諸，，，，有有有有玉者錯玉者錯玉者錯玉者錯諸諸諸諸，，，，不不不不礲礲礲礲不不不不錯錯錯錯，，，，焉攸用焉攸用焉攸用焉攸用？？？？

礲而錯礲而錯礲而錯礲而錯諸諸諸諸，，，，質質質質在在在在其其其其中中中中矣矣矣矣。。。。否否否否則則則則輟輟輟輟。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Study has no benefits, what can Someone said: Study has no benefits, what can Someone said: Study has no benefits, what can Someone said: Study has no benefits, what can

it do for one's zhiit do for one's zhiit do for one's zhiit do for one's zhi????

Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about

it. If you have a knife, you sharpen it. If you have a knife, you sharpen it. If you have a knife, you sharpen it. If you have a knife, you sharpen itititit;;;; if if if if

you have jade, you polish it. If you do not you have jade, you polish it. If you do not you have jade, you polish it. If you do not you have jade, you polish it. If you do not

sharpen and polish them, how are they usefulsharpen and polish them, how are they usefulsharpen and polish them, how are they usefulsharpen and polish them, how are they useful????

Sharpening and polishing, their zhi lies in Sharpening and polishing, their zhi lies in Sharpening and polishing, their zhi lies in Sharpening and polishing, their zhi lies in

thesethesethesethese;;;; if this was not the case, then you if this was not the case, then you if this was not the case, then you if this was not the case, then you

might as well stop.might as well stop.might as well stop.might as well stop.

5555 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 螟蛉螟蛉螟蛉螟蛉之子之子之子之子，，，，殖而逢殖而逢殖而逢殖而逢，，，，蜾蠃祝蜾蠃祝蜾蠃祝蜾蠃祝之之之之曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「類我類我類我類我，，，，類類類類

我我我我。。。。」」」」久久久久則則則則肖肖肖肖之之之之矣矣矣矣！！！！速哉速哉速哉速哉，，，，七十七十七十七十子之子之子之子之肖肖肖肖仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼也也也也。。。。



The dying moth larva encountered the wasp. The dying moth larva encountered the wasp. The dying moth larva encountered the wasp. The dying moth larva encountered the wasp.

The wasp snatched it away saying, "The wasp snatched it away saying, "The wasp snatched it away saying, "The wasp snatched it away saying, "BBBBe like e like e like e like

me, be like me." After awhile, they were me, be like me." After awhile, they were me, be like me." After awhile, they were me, be like me." After awhile, they were

alike. How quickly the seventy disciples alike. How quickly the seventy disciples alike. How quickly the seventy disciples alike. How quickly the seventy disciples

became like Confubecame like Confubecame like Confubecame like Confucius!cius!cius!cius!

6666 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 學以學以學以學以治治治治之之之之，，，，思思思思以以以以精精精精之之之之，，，，朋友朋友朋友朋友以以以以磨磨磨磨之之之之，，，，名名名名譽譽譽譽以以以以崇崇崇崇之之之之，，，，

不不不不倦倦倦倦以終之以終之以終之以終之，，，，可可可可謂好謂好謂好謂好學學學學也已矣也已矣也已矣也已矣。。。。



Studying in order to cultivate it, thinking Studying in order to cultivate it, thinking Studying in order to cultivate it, thinking Studying in order to cultivate it, thinking

in order to refine it, making friends in in order to refine it, making friends in in order to refine it, making friends in in order to refine it, making friends in

order to polish it, achieving fame in order order to polish it, achieving fame in order order to polish it, achieving fame in order order to polish it, achieving fame in order

to venerate it, being untiring in order toto venerate it, being untiring in order toto venerate it, being untiring in order toto venerate it, being untiring in order to

finish it: this can be referred to as loving finish it: this can be referred to as loving finish it: this can be referred to as loving finish it: this can be referred to as loving

to learn.to learn.to learn.to learn.

7777 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 孔子孔子孔子孔子習習習習周周周周公者也公者也公者也公者也，，，，顏淵顏淵顏淵顏淵習習習習孔子孔子孔子孔子者也者也者也者也。。。。羿羿羿羿、、、、逄逄逄逄蒙蒙蒙蒙分其分其分其分其

弓弓弓弓，，，，良舍其策良舍其策良舍其策良舍其策，，，，般投其斧而習般投其斧而習般投其斧而習般投其斧而習諸諸諸諸，，，，孰曰非也孰曰非也孰曰非也孰曰非也？？？？或或或或

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「此此此此名名名名也也也也，，，，彼彼彼彼名名名名也也也也，，，，處處處處一一一一焉而已矣焉而已矣焉而已矣焉而已矣。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「川川川川有有有有瀆瀆瀆瀆，，，，山山山山有有有有嶽嶽嶽嶽，，，，高而且高而且高而且高而且大大大大者者者者，，，，眾人眾人眾人眾人所所所所不不不不能踰能踰能踰能踰

也也也也。。。。」」」」



Confucius studied the Duke of Zhou, and Yan Confucius studied the Duke of Zhou, and Yan Confucius studied the Duke of Zhou, and Yan Confucius studied the Duke of Zhou, and Yan

Yuan studied Confucius. Yuan studied Confucius. Yuan studied Confucius. Yuan studied Confucius. If Hou Yi and Pang If Hou Yi and Pang If Hou Yi and Pang If Hou Yi and Pang

Meng had broken their bows, Wang Liang given Meng had broken their bows, Wang Liang given Meng had broken their bows, Wang Liang given Meng had broken their bows, Wang Liang given

up the horsewhip, and Gong Shuban thrown away up the horsewhip, and Gong Shuban thrown away up the horsewhip, and Gong Shuban thrown away up the horsewhip, and Gong Shuban thrown away

his axes, and if all had studied the Duke of his axes, and if all had studied the Duke of his axes, and if all had studied the Duke of his axes, and if all had studied the Duke of

Zhou, Confucius, and Yan Yuan, who could say Zhou, Confucius, and Yan Yuan, who could say Zhou, Confucius, and Yan Yuan, who could say Zhou, Confucius, and Yan Yuan, who could say

they were wrongthey were wrongthey were wrongthey were wrong????

Someone said: This kind of fame or thatSomeone said: This kind of fame or thatSomeone said: This kind of fame or thatSomeone said: This kind of fame or that kind kind kind kind

of fame, a person attains one kind and that's of fame, a person attains one kind and that's of fame, a person attains one kind and that's of fame, a person attains one kind and that's

it.it.it.it.

Yangzi said: Among streams there are great Yangzi said: Among streams there are great Yangzi said: Among streams there are great Yangzi said: Among streams there are great

riversriversriversrivers;;;; among mountains there are great among mountains there are great among mountains there are great among mountains there are great

peaks. The high and the great, these are what peaks. The high and the great, these are what peaks. The high and the great, these are what peaks. The high and the great, these are what

the common man cannot surpass.the common man cannot surpass.the common man cannot surpass.the common man cannot surpass.

8888

學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「世世世世言言言言鑄金鑄金鑄金鑄金，，，，金金金金可可可可鑄與鑄與鑄與鑄與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾聞吾聞吾聞吾聞覿覿覿覿君君君君

子子子子者者者者，，，，問問問問鑄鑄鑄鑄人人人人，，，，不問不問不問不問鑄金鑄金鑄金鑄金。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「人可人可人可人可鑄鑄鑄鑄

與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「孔子孔子孔子孔子鑄鑄鑄鑄顏淵顏淵顏淵顏淵矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」或或或或人人人人踧爾曰踧爾曰踧爾曰踧爾曰：「：「：「：「旨旨旨旨

哉哉哉哉！！！！問問問問鑄金鑄金鑄金鑄金，，，，得鑄得鑄得鑄得鑄人人人人。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: The world speaks of forging Someone asked: The world speaks of forging Someone asked: The world speaks of forging Someone asked: The world speaks of forging

gold. Can gold be forgedgold. Can gold be forgedgold. Can gold be forgedgold. Can gold be forged????

Yangzi said: I have heard that when one meets Yangzi said: I have heard that when one meets Yangzi said: I have heard that when one meets Yangzi said: I have heard that when one meets

a junzi, one asks about "forging" men, not a junzi, one asks about "forging" men, not a junzi, one asks about "forging" men, not a junzi, one asks about "forging" men, not

about forging gold.about forging gold.about forging gold.about forging gold.

The other said: Can men be "forged"The other said: Can men be "forged"The other said: Can men be "forged"The other said: Can men be "forged"????

Yangzi said: Confucius forYangzi said: Confucius forYangzi said: Confucius forYangzi said: Confucius forged Yan Yuan.ged Yan Yuan.ged Yan Yuan.ged Yan Yuan.

The other, surprised, said: Excellent! I The other, surprised, said: Excellent! I The other, surprised, said: Excellent! I The other, surprised, said: Excellent! I

asked about forging gold and I learn about asked about forging gold and I learn about asked about forging gold and I learn about asked about forging gold and I learn about

"forging" men."forging" men."forging" men."forging" men.

9999

學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

學學學學者者者者，，，，所所所所以修性以修性以修性以修性也也也也。。。。視視視視、、、、聽聽聽聽、、、、言言言言、、、、貌貌貌貌、、、、思思思思，，，，性性性性所所所所有有有有

也也也也。。。。學則學則學則學則正正正正，，，，否否否否則則則則邪邪邪邪。。。。



Study is the means by which one cultivates Study is the means by which one cultivates Study is the means by which one cultivates Study is the means by which one cultivates

the xing. Looking, the xing. Looking, the xing. Looking, the xing. Looking, hearing, speaking, manner, hearing, speaking, manner, hearing, speaking, manner, hearing, speaking, manner,

and thought are aspects of the xing. If one and thought are aspects of the xing. If one and thought are aspects of the xing. If one and thought are aspects of the xing. If one

studies, then it becomes rectified. studies, then it becomes rectified. studies, then it becomes rectified. studies, then it becomes rectified.

OOOOtherwise, it becomes deviant.therwise, it becomes deviant.therwise, it becomes deviant.therwise, it becomes deviant.

10101010


師哉師哉師哉師哉！！！！師哉師哉師哉師哉！！！！桐桐桐桐子之命子之命子之命子之命也也也也。。。。務務務務學不學不學不學不如務求師如務求師如務求師如務求師。。。。師師師師

者者者者，，，，人之人之人之人之模模模模範範範範也也也也。。。。模模模模不不不不模模模模，，，，範不範範不範範不範範不範，，，，為為為為不不不不少矣少矣少矣少矣。。。。



A teacher, a teacher! This A teacher, a teacher! This A teacher, a teacher! This A teacher, a teacher! This is the command for is the command for is the command for is the command for

a young boy. Devoting attention to study is a young boy. Devoting attention to study is a young boy. Devoting attention to study is a young boy. Devoting attention to study is

not as good as devoting attention to finding not as good as devoting attention to finding not as good as devoting attention to finding not as good as devoting attention to finding

a teacher. The teacher is a man's mold and a teacher. The teacher is a man's mold and a teacher. The teacher is a man's mold and a teacher. The teacher is a man's mold and

pattern. Molds that do not mold and patterns pattern. Molds that do not mold and patterns pattern. Molds that do not mold and patterns pattern. Molds that do not mold and patterns

that do not pattern are not rare.that do not pattern are not rare.that do not pattern are not rare.that do not pattern are not rare.

11111111


一一一一哄哄哄哄之之之之市市市市，，，，不不不不勝異勝異勝異勝異意意意意焉焉焉焉；；；；一一一一卷卷卷卷之之之之書書書書，，，，不不不不勝異說焉勝異說焉勝異說焉勝異說焉。。。。

一一一一哄哄哄哄之之之之市市市市，，，，必必必必立之立之立之立之平平平平。。。。一一一一卷卷卷卷之之之之書書書書，，，，必必必必立之立之立之立之師師師師。。。。



In a oneIn a oneIn a oneIn a one----lane market, one cannot exhaust the lane market, one cannot exhaust the lane market, one cannot exhaust the lane market, one cannot exhaust the

different ways of calculating pricesdifferent ways of calculating pricesdifferent ways of calculating pricesdifferent ways of calculating prices;;;; in a in a in a in a

text of one roll, one cannot exhaust the text of one roll, one cannot exhaust the text of one roll, one cannot exhaust the text of one roll, one cannot exhaust the

different interpretations given to it. different interpretations given to it. different interpretations given to it. different interpretations given to it. In a In a In a In a

oneoneoneone----lane market, one must establish a lane market, one must establish a lane market, one must establish a lane market, one must establish a

standard pricestandard pricestandard pricestandard price;;;; for a text of one roll, one for a text of one roll, one for a text of one roll, one for a text of one roll, one

must establish its authoritative teacher.must establish its authoritative teacher.must establish its authoritative teacher.must establish its authoritative teacher.

12121212


習習習習乎乎乎乎習習習習，，，，以以以以習非習非習非習非之之之之勝是也勝是也勝是也勝是也，，，，況習是況習是況習是況習是之之之之勝非勝非勝非勝非乎乎乎乎？？？？於於於於

戲戲戲戲，，，，學學學學者審其是而已矣者審其是而已矣者審其是而已矣者審其是而已矣！！！！或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「焉焉焉焉知知知知是而習是而習是而習是而習

之之之之？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「視日月而視日月而視日月而視日月而知眾知眾知眾知眾星星星星之之之之蔑也蔑也蔑也蔑也，，，，仰仰仰仰聖人聖人聖人聖人而而而而知知知知

眾眾眾眾說說說說之之之之小也小也小也小也。。。。」」」」



Practice, Practice, Practice, Practice, practice! practice! practice! practice! BBBBy means of practicing y means of practicing y means of practicing y means of practicing

what is false, one overcomes what is true. what is false, one overcomes what is true. what is false, one overcomes what is true. what is false, one overcomes what is true.

How much more does practicing what is true How much more does practicing what is true How much more does practicing what is true How much more does practicing what is true

overcome what is false. Indeed! Those who overcome what is false. Indeed! Those who overcome what is false. Indeed! Those who overcome what is false. Indeed! Those who

study should examine what is true and that's study should examine what is true and that's study should examine what is true and that's study should examine what is true and that's

all.all.all.all.

Someone said: How can one know what is true Someone said: How can one know what is true Someone said: How can one know what is true Someone said: How can one know what is true

aaaand practice itnd practice itnd practice itnd practice it????

Yangzi said: Looking at the sun and moon, one Yangzi said: Looking at the sun and moon, one Yangzi said: Looking at the sun and moon, one Yangzi said: Looking at the sun and moon, one

knows the faintness of the multitude of knows the faintness of the multitude of knows the faintness of the multitude of knows the faintness of the multitude of

stars. Gazing upon the sage one knows the stars. Gazing upon the sage one knows the stars. Gazing upon the sage one knows the stars. Gazing upon the sage one knows the

pettiness of the multitude of other pettiness of the multitude of other pettiness of the multitude of other pettiness of the multitude of other

doctrines.doctrines.doctrines.doctrines.

13131313


學之學之學之學之為為為為王王王王者者者者事事事事，，，，其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣。。。。堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜、、、、禹禹禹禹、、、、湯湯湯湯、、、、文文文文、、、、

武汲汲武汲汲武汲汲武汲汲，，，，仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼皇皇皇皇皇皇皇皇，，，，其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣。。。。



Learning was the business of those who were Learning was the business of those who were Learning was the business of those who were Learning was the business of those who were

rulers, oh how long ago! Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, rulers, oh how long ago! Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, rulers, oh how long ago! Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, rulers, oh how long ago! Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang,

Wen, and Wu's intensity! Confucius's Wen, and Wu's intensity! Confucius's Wen, and Wu's intensity! Confucius's Wen, and Wu's intensity! Confucius's

brilliance, oh how long ago!brilliance, oh how long ago!brilliance, oh how long ago!brilliance, oh how long ago!

14141414


或或或或問問問問「「「「進進進進」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「水水水水。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「為其為其為其為其不不不不舍晝夜舍晝夜舍晝夜舍晝夜

與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有有有有是哉是哉是哉是哉！！！！滿而滿而滿而滿而後後後後漸者漸者漸者漸者，，，，其水其水其水其水乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」或或或或

問問問問「「「「鴻漸鴻漸鴻漸鴻漸」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「非其往非其往非其往非其往不不不不往往往往，，，，非其居非其居非其居非其居不不不不居居居居，，，，漸漸漸漸

猶水猶水猶水猶水乎乎乎乎！」「！」「！」「！」「請請請請問問問問木漸木漸木漸木漸。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「止止止止於下於下於下於下而漸而漸而漸而漸於於於於上上上上

者者者者，，，，其木也哉其木也哉其木也哉其木也哉！！！！亦猶水而已矣亦猶水而已矣亦猶水而已矣亦猶水而已矣！」！」！」！」



Someone asked about advancing.Someone asked about advancing.Someone asked about advancing.Someone asked about advancing.

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBe like water.e like water.e like water.e like water.

The other said: The other said: The other said: The other said: BBBBecause it does not stop ecause it does not stop ecause it does not stop ecause it does not stop

flowing daflowing daflowing daflowing day or nighty or nighty or nighty or night????

Yangzi said: This is it! That which fills up Yangzi said: This is it! That which fills up Yangzi said: This is it! That which fills up Yangzi said: This is it! That which fills up

and then flows out gradually, is it not and then flows out gradually, is it not and then flows out gradually, is it not and then flows out gradually, is it not

waterwaterwaterwater????

Someone asked about the flight of the wild Someone asked about the flight of the wild Someone asked about the flight of the wild Someone asked about the flight of the wild

goose.goose.goose.goose.

Yangzi said: If it is not the direction he Yangzi said: If it is not the direction he Yangzi said: If it is not the direction he Yangzi said: If it is not the direction he

wants to go, he does not go. If it is not the wants to go, he does not go. If it is not the wants to go, he does not go. If it is not the wants to go, he does not go. If it is not the

place he wanplace he wanplace he wanplace he wants to land, he does not land. His ts to land, he does not land. His ts to land, he does not land. His ts to land, he does not land. His

flight is like water.flight is like water.flight is like water.flight is like water.

May I ask about the gradual growth of woodMay I ask about the gradual growth of woodMay I ask about the gradual growth of woodMay I ask about the gradual growth of wood????

Yangzi said: It is rooted below and gradually Yangzi said: It is rooted below and gradually Yangzi said: It is rooted below and gradually Yangzi said: It is rooted below and gradually

grows upward, that is wood! Indeed, it is grows upward, that is wood! Indeed, it is grows upward, that is wood! Indeed, it is grows upward, that is wood! Indeed, it is

just like water!just like water!just like water!just like water!

15151515


吾吾吾吾未未未未見見見見斧斧斧斧藻藻藻藻其其其其德德德德若斧若斧若斧若斧藻藻藻藻其楶者也其楶者也其楶者也其楶者也。。。。



I have yet to see a fondness for embellishing I have yet to see a fondness for embellishing I have yet to see a fondness for embellishing I have yet to see a fondness for embellishing

one's de that was like people's fondness for one's de that was like people's fondness for one's de that was like people's fondness for one's de that was like people's fondness for

embellishing the beams and railings of their embellishing the beams and railings of their embellishing the beams and railings of their embellishing the beams and railings of their

houses.houses.houses.houses.

16161616


鳥獸觸其鳥獸觸其鳥獸觸其鳥獸觸其情情情情者也者也者也者也，，，，眾人則眾人則眾人則眾人則異異異異乎乎乎乎！！！！賢賢賢賢人則人則人則人則異異異異眾人眾人眾人眾人矣矣矣矣，，，，

聖人則聖人則聖人則聖人則異賢異賢異賢異賢人人人人矣矣矣矣。。。。禮義之禮義之禮義之禮義之作作作作，，，，有以有以有以有以矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫。。。。人人人人而而而而不不不不

學學學學，，，，雖雖雖雖無無無無憂憂憂憂，，，，如禽何如禽何如禽何如禽何？？？？



BBBBirds and beasts are motivated by their irds and beasts are motivated by their irds and beasts are motivated by their irds and beasts are motivated by their

desires. Is the common man any differentdesires. Is the common man any differentdesires. Is the common man any differentdesires. Is the common man any different???? The The The The

worthy are different from the common man, and worthy are different from the common man, and worthy are different from the common man, and worthy are different from the common man, and

the sage is different from ththe sage is different from ththe sage is different from ththe sage is different from the worthy. There e worthy. There e worthy. There e worthy. There

was a purpose to the creation of li and yi. was a purpose to the creation of li and yi. was a purpose to the creation of li and yi. was a purpose to the creation of li and yi.

As for people who do not study the Confucian As for people who do not study the Confucian As for people who do not study the Confucian As for people who do not study the Confucian

DaoDaoDaoDao————even if they are without worries, are even if they are without worries, are even if they are without worries, are even if they are without worries, are

they not still like animals.they not still like animals.they not still like animals.they not still like animals.

17171717


學學學學者者者者，，，，所所所所以以以以求為求為求為求為君子君子君子君子也也也也。。。。求而求而求而求而不不不不得者得者得者得者有有有有矣矣矣矣，，，，夫未夫未夫未夫未有有有有

不不不不求而得求而得求而得求而得之之之之者也者也者也者也。。。。


PracticePracticePracticePractice:...::...::...::...:

Study is the means by which one seeks to Study is the means by which one seeks to Study is the means by which one seeks to Study is the means by which one seeks to

become a junzi. There are those who seek and become a junzi. There are those who seek and become a junzi. There are those who seek and become a junzi. There are those who seek and

yet do not attain the goal, but there has yet do not attain the goal, but there has yet do not attain the goal, but there has yet do not attain the goal, but there has

never been one who did not seek and yet did never been one who did not seek and yet did never been one who did not seek and yet did never been one who did not seek and yet did

attain it.attain it.attain it.attain it.

18181818


睎驥睎驥睎驥睎驥之之之之馬馬馬馬，，，，亦驥亦驥亦驥亦驥之之之之乘也乘也乘也乘也。。。。睎睎睎睎顏之人顏之人顏之人顏之人，，，，亦亦亦亦顏之顏之顏之顏之徒也徒也徒也徒也。。。。

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「顏顏顏顏徒易徒易徒易徒易乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「睎睎睎睎之則之則之則之則是是是是。。。。」」」」



A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a

worthy harnessworthy harnessworthy harnessworthy harness----mate for a thoroughbred. mate for a thoroughbred. mate for a thoroughbred. mate for a thoroughbred.

People who look up to Yan Yuan can indeed be People who look up to Yan Yuan can indeed be People who look up to Yan Yuan can indeed be People who look up to Yan Yuan can indeed be

followers Yan Yuan.followers Yan Yuan.followers Yan Yuan.followers Yan Yuan.

Someone said: Is it easy to be a follower of Someone said: Is it easy to be a follower of Someone said: Is it easy to be a follower of Someone said: Is it easy to be a follower of

YanYanYanYan????

Yangzi said: If you look up tYangzi said: If you look up tYangzi said: If you look up tYangzi said: If you look up to him, it is.o him, it is.o him, it is.o him, it is.

19191919 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔顏昔顏昔顏昔顏嘗睎夫嘗睎夫嘗睎夫嘗睎夫子子子子矣矣矣矣，，，，正正正正考考考考甫嘗睎尹吉甫矣甫嘗睎尹吉甫矣甫嘗睎尹吉甫矣甫嘗睎尹吉甫矣，，，，公公公公

子子子子奚斯嘗睎尹吉甫矣奚斯嘗睎尹吉甫矣奚斯嘗睎尹吉甫矣奚斯嘗睎尹吉甫矣。。。。不不不不欲睎欲睎欲睎欲睎則則則則已矣已矣已矣已矣，，，，如欲睎如欲睎如欲睎如欲睎、、、、孰孰孰孰

禦焉禦焉禦焉禦焉？」？」？」？」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「書與書與書與書與經經經經同同同同，，，，而世而世而世而世不尚不尚不尚不尚，，，，治治治治之可之可之可之可

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「可可可可。。。。」」」」或或或或人人人人啞爾笑曰啞爾笑曰啞爾笑曰啞爾笑曰：「：「：「：「須須須須以發以發以發以發策決策決策決策決

抖抖抖抖。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「大人之學大人之學大人之學大人之學也為也為也為也為道道道道，，，，小小小小人之學人之學人之學人之學也為利也為利也為利也為利。。。。

子子子子為為為為道乎道乎道乎道乎？？？？為利為利為利為利乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「耕耕耕耕不不不不獲獲獲獲，，，，獵獵獵獵不不不不饗饗饗饗，，，，

耕獵耕獵耕獵耕獵乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「耕耕耕耕道道道道而得而得而得而得道道道道，，，，獵獵獵獵德德德德而得而得而得而得德德德德，，，，是是是是

獲獲獲獲、、、、饗已饗已饗已饗已。。。。吾不吾不吾不吾不睹睹睹睹參參參參辰辰辰辰之相之相之相之相比也比也比也比也，，，，是是是是以君子以君子以君子以君子貴遷貴遷貴遷貴遷

善善善善。。。。遷善者遷善者遷善者遷善者，，，，聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之徒與徒與徒與徒與？」？」？」？」百百百百川川川川學學學學海而海而海而海而至於至於至於至於海海海海，，，，

丘陵丘陵丘陵丘陵學學學學山山山山不至於不至於不至於不至於山山山山，，，，是故惡夫畫也是故惡夫畫也是故惡夫畫也是故惡夫畫也。。。。



He said: In the past, Yan looked up to the He said: In the past, Yan looked up to the He said: In the past, Yan looked up to the He said: In the past, Yan looked up to the

Master, Zheng Master, Zheng Master, Zheng Master, Zheng KKKKaofu looked up to Yin Xifu, aofu looked up to Yin Xifu, aofu looked up to Yin Xifu, aofu looked up to Yin Xifu,

GongziGongziGongziGongzi Xisi looked up to Zheng Xisi looked up to Zheng Xisi looked up to Zheng Xisi looked up to Zheng KKKKaofu. If you aofu. If you aofu. If you aofu. If you

do not desire to look up to someone, then do not desire to look up to someone, then do not desire to look up to someone, then do not desire to look up to someone, then

that's that. that's that. that's that. that's that. BBBBut if you do look up to them, ut if you do look up to them, ut if you do look up to them, ut if you do look up to them,

then who can stop youthen who can stop youthen who can stop youthen who can stop you????

Someone said: The Confucian Someone said: The Confucian Someone said: The Confucian Someone said: The Confucian BBBBooks and the ooks and the ooks and the ooks and the

Classics are the same, but the world does not Classics are the same, but the world does not Classics are the same, but the world does not Classics are the same, but the world does not

respect the respect the respect the respect the BBBBooks. ooks. ooks. ooks. Can they still be studiedCan they still be studiedCan they still be studiedCan they still be studied????

Yangzi said: They can.Yangzi said: They can.Yangzi said: They can.Yangzi said: They can.

The other person snickered, saying: They The other person snickered, saying: They The other person snickered, saying: They The other person snickered, saying: They

should only be used for passing government should only be used for passing government should only be used for passing government should only be used for passing government

exams and determining ranks.exams and determining ranks.exams and determining ranks.exams and determining ranks.

Yangzi said: Great men study for the DaoYangzi said: Great men study for the DaoYangzi said: Great men study for the DaoYangzi said: Great men study for the Dao;;;;

small men study for profit. Are you for the small men study for profit. Are you for the small men study for profit. Are you for the small men study for profit. Are you for the

Dao, orDao, orDao, orDao, or are you for profitare you for profitare you for profitare you for profit????

The other said: Plowing without any harvest, The other said: Plowing without any harvest, The other said: Plowing without any harvest, The other said: Plowing without any harvest,

hunting without a feast: are these really hunting without a feast: are these really hunting without a feast: are these really hunting without a feast: are these really

"plowing" and "hunting""plowing" and "hunting""plowing" and "hunting""plowing" and "hunting"????

Yangzi said: Planting the Dao and getting the Yangzi said: Planting the Dao and getting the Yangzi said: Planting the Dao and getting the Yangzi said: Planting the Dao and getting the

Dao, hunting de and getting de, these are the Dao, hunting de and getting de, these are the Dao, hunting de and getting de, these are the Dao, hunting de and getting de, these are the

harvest and feast. I have neverharvest and feast. I have neverharvest and feast. I have neverharvest and feast. I have never seen Shen and seen Shen and seen Shen and seen Shen and

Chen side by side. Therefore, the junzi Chen side by side. Therefore, the junzi Chen side by side. Therefore, the junzi Chen side by side. Therefore, the junzi

values changing for the good. Those who values changing for the good. Those who values changing for the good. Those who values changing for the good. Those who

change for the good, are they not the sage's change for the good, are they not the sage's change for the good, are they not the sage's change for the good, are they not the sage's

followersfollowersfollowersfollowers???? The hundred rivers study the sea The hundred rivers study the sea The hundred rivers study the sea The hundred rivers study the sea

and arrive at the seaand arrive at the seaand arrive at the seaand arrive at the sea;;;; mounds and foothills mounds and foothills mounds and foothills mounds and foothills

study the mountains but do nstudy the mountains but do nstudy the mountains but do nstudy the mountains but do not reach to the ot reach to the ot reach to the ot reach to the

mountains. For this reason, the junzi hates mountains. For this reason, the junzi hates mountains. For this reason, the junzi hates mountains. For this reason, the junzi hates

to draw the line.to draw the line.to draw the line.to draw the line.

20202020


頻頻頻頻頻頻頻頻之之之之黨黨黨黨，，，，甚甚甚甚於於於於鸒斯鸒斯鸒斯鸒斯，，，，亦賊夫糧食而已矣亦賊夫糧食而已矣亦賊夫糧食而已矣亦賊夫糧食而已矣。。。。朋而朋而朋而朋而不不不不

心心心心，，，，面朋也面朋也面朋也面朋也。。。。友而友而友而友而不心不心不心不心，，，，面友也面友也面友也面友也。。。。



Factions formed from cliques are even worse Factions formed from cliques are even worse Factions formed from cliques are even worse Factions formed from cliques are even worse

than a flock of crowsthan a flock of crowsthan a flock of crowsthan a flock of crows;;;; indeed, cr indeed, cr indeed, cr indeed, crows do no ows do no ows do no ows do no

more than steal food. Acquaintances lacking more than steal food. Acquaintances lacking more than steal food. Acquaintances lacking more than steal food. Acquaintances lacking

sincerity are superficial acquaintances. sincerity are superficial acquaintances. sincerity are superficial acquaintances. sincerity are superficial acquaintances.

Friends without heart are surface friends.Friends without heart are surface friends.Friends without heart are surface friends.Friends without heart are surface friends.

21212121 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或謂或謂或謂或謂：「：「：「：「子之子之子之子之治產治產治產治產，，，，不不不不如丹圭如丹圭如丹圭如丹圭之之之之富富富富。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾聞吾聞吾聞吾聞

先生相先生相先生相先生相與與與與言言言言，，，，則以仁則以仁則以仁則以仁與與與與義義義義；；；；市井市井市井市井相相相相與與與與言言言言，，，，則以則以則以則以財與財與財與財與

利利利利。。。。如其富如其富如其富如其富，，，，如其富如其富如其富如其富。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「先生生無以先生生無以先生生無以先生生無以養養養養

也也也也，，，，死死死死無以無以無以無以葬也葬也葬也葬也，，，，如如如如之之之之何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「以以以以其所其所其所其所以以以以養養養養，，，，

養養養養之至之至之至之至也也也也。。。。以以以以其所其所其所其所以以以以葬葬葬葬，，，，葬葬葬葬之至之至之至之至也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone addressed Yangzi: The property that Someone addressed Yangzi: The property that Someone addressed Yangzi: The property that Someone addressed Yangzi: The property that

you manage is nothing like Dan Gui's wealth.you manage is nothing like Dan Gui's wealth.you manage is nothing like Dan Gui's wealth.you manage is nothing like Dan Gui's wealth.

Yangzi said: I have heard that when gentlemen Yangzi said: I have heard that when gentlemen Yangzi said: I have heard that when gentlemen Yangzi said: I have heard that when gentlemen

talk together, they discuss ren and yi. When talk together, they discuss ren and yi. When talk together, they discuss ren and yi. When talk together, they discuss ren and yi. When

merchants talk together, they discuss wealth merchants talk together, they discuss wealth merchants talk together, they discuss wealth merchants talk together, they discuss wealth

aaaand profit. So much for his wealth! So much nd profit. So much for his wealth! So much nd profit. So much for his wealth! So much nd profit. So much for his wealth! So much

for his wealth!for his wealth!for his wealth!for his wealth!

The other said: If in life a gentleman lacks The other said: If in life a gentleman lacks The other said: If in life a gentleman lacks The other said: If in life a gentleman lacks

the means to support himself and dies without the means to support himself and dies without the means to support himself and dies without the means to support himself and dies without

the means to be buried, then what is to be the means to be buried, then what is to be the means to be buried, then what is to be the means to be buried, then what is to be

donedonedonedone????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: UUUUsing only those means which are sing only those means which are sing only those means which are sing only those means which are

sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient to support oneself, this is the to support oneself, this is the to support oneself, this is the to support oneself, this is the

height of supporting oneself. height of supporting oneself. height of supporting oneself. height of supporting oneself. UUUUsing only sing only sing only sing only

those means which are sufficient to be those means which are sufficient to be those means which are sufficient to be those means which are sufficient to be

buried, this is the best of burials.buried, this is the best of burials.buried, this is the best of burials.buried, this is the best of burials.

22222222 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「猗頓猗頓猗頓猗頓之之之之富富富富以以以以為為為為孝孝孝孝，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦至乎至乎至乎至乎？？？？顏顏顏顏其餒其餒其餒其餒

矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「彼彼彼彼以以以以其粗其粗其粗其粗，，，，顏以顏以顏以顏以其精其精其精其精；；；；彼彼彼彼以以以以其回其回其回其回，，，，顏顏顏顏

以以以以其貞其貞其貞其貞。。。。顏顏顏顏其劣其劣其劣其劣乎乎乎乎？？？？顏顏顏顏其劣其劣其劣其劣乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」



Someone said: Yi Dun's wealth was a means to Someone said: Yi Dun's wealth was a means to Someone said: Yi Dun's wealth was a means to Someone said: Yi Dun's wealth was a means to

be filial, isn't this indeed the bestbe filial, isn't this indeed the bestbe filial, isn't this indeed the bestbe filial, isn't this indeed the best???? Yan Yan Yan Yan

Yuan was so poor that he starved!Yuan was so poor that he starved!Yuan was so poor that he starved!Yuan was so poor that he starved!

Yangzi said: The other used crude means, Yen Yangzi said: The other used crude means, Yen Yangzi said: The other used crude means, Yen Yangzi said: The other used crude means, Yen

used the essentials. The other used a crooked used the essentials. The other used a crooked used the essentials. The other used a crooked used the essentials. The other used a crooked

dao, Yan used the correct Dao. Was Yan dao, Yan used the correct Dao. Was Yan dao, Yan used the correct Dao. Was Yan dao, Yan used the correct Dao. Was Yan

infeinfeinfeinferiorriorriorrior???? Was Yan inferior Was Yan inferior Was Yan inferior Was Yan inferior????

23232323 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「使我紆朱懷金使我紆朱懷金使我紆朱懷金使我紆朱懷金，，，，其樂其樂其樂其樂不可不可不可不可量也量也量也量也！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者之之之之樂樂樂樂，，，，不不不不如如如如顏顏顏顏氏氏氏氏子之子之子之子之樂樂樂樂。。。。顏顏顏顏氏氏氏氏子之子之子之子之樂樂樂樂

也內也內也內也內，，，，紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者紆朱懷金者之之之之樂也外樂也外樂也外樂也外。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「請請請請問問問問屢空屢空屢空屢空

之之之之內內內內。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「顏不孔顏不孔顏不孔顏不孔，，，，雖得雖得雖得雖得天下天下天下天下，，，，不不不不足足足足以以以以為為為為

樂樂樂樂。。。。」「」「」「」「然然然然亦亦亦亦有有有有苦苦苦苦乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「顏顏顏顏苦苦苦苦孔之孔之孔之孔之卓卓卓卓之至之至之至之至

也也也也。。。。」」」」或或或或人人人人瞿瞿瞿瞿然然然然曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「茲苦也茲苦也茲苦也茲苦也，，，，祇其所祇其所祇其所祇其所以以以以為樂也為樂也為樂也為樂也

與與與與？」？」？」？」



Someone said: Allow me to tie the red sash Someone said: Allow me to tie the red sash Someone said: Allow me to tie the red sash Someone said: Allow me to tie the red sash

and carry the and carry the and carry the and carry the gold stamp, and my happiness gold stamp, and my happiness gold stamp, and my happiness gold stamp, and my happiness

could not be measured.could not be measured.could not be measured.could not be measured.

Yangzi said: The happiness of one who holds a Yangzi said: The happiness of one who holds a Yangzi said: The happiness of one who holds a Yangzi said: The happiness of one who holds a

position in government is not as good as Yan position in government is not as good as Yan position in government is not as good as Yan position in government is not as good as Yan

Yuan's happiness. Yan Yuan's happiness Yuan's happiness. Yan Yuan's happiness Yuan's happiness. Yan Yuan's happiness Yuan's happiness. Yan Yuan's happiness [[[[came came came came

fromfromfromfrom]]]] inside inside inside inside [[[[himselfhimselfhimselfhimself]]]], the happiness of one , the happiness of one , the happiness of one , the happiness of one

who holds a position iwho holds a position iwho holds a position iwho holds a position in government n government n government n government [[[[comes comes comes comes

fromfromfromfrom]]]] outside outside outside outside [[[[himselfhimselfhimselfhimself]]]]....

The other said: May I ask what comes from The other said: May I ask what comes from The other said: May I ask what comes from The other said: May I ask what comes from

inside oneself when one is always poor.inside oneself when one is always poor.inside oneself when one is always poor.inside oneself when one is always poor.

Yangzi said: If Yan did not have Confucius, Yangzi said: If Yan did not have Confucius, Yangzi said: If Yan did not have Confucius, Yangzi said: If Yan did not have Confucius,

even if he had got all under Heaven, it would even if he had got all under Heaven, it would even if he had got all under Heaven, it would even if he had got all under Heaven, it would

not have been sufficient to make him hanot have been sufficient to make him hanot have been sufficient to make him hanot have been sufficient to make him happy.ppy.ppy.ppy.

The other said: The other said: The other said: The other said: BBBBut he still suffered, did he ut he still suffered, did he ut he still suffered, did he ut he still suffered, did he

notnotnotnot????

Yangzi said: Yan's suffering lay in the Yangzi said: Yan's suffering lay in the Yangzi said: Yan's suffering lay in the Yangzi said: Yan's suffering lay in the

height of Confucius's profundity .height of Confucius's profundity .height of Confucius's profundity .height of Confucius's profundity .

Startled, the other said: Well then, was this Startled, the other said: Well then, was this Startled, the other said: Well then, was this Startled, the other said: Well then, was this

suffering not just the reason he was happysuffering not just the reason he was happysuffering not just the reason he was happysuffering not just the reason he was happy????

24242424 學行學行學行學行卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有有有有教教教教立道立道立道立道，，，，無無無無止止止止仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼；；；；有學有學有學有學術業術業術業術業，，，，無無無無止止止止顏顏顏顏

淵淵淵淵。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「立道立道立道立道，，，，仲尼不可仲尼不可仲尼不可仲尼不可為思矣為思矣為思矣為思矣。。。。術業術業術業術業，，，，顏顏顏顏

淵不可淵不可淵不可淵不可為為為為力力力力矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「未未未未之之之之思也思也思也思也，，，，孰禦焉孰禦焉孰禦焉孰禦焉？」？」？」？」



Yangzi said: Teaching and establishing the Yangzi said: Teaching and establishing the Yangzi said: Teaching and establishing the Yangzi said: Teaching and establishing the

Dao without stopping Dao without stopping Dao without stopping Dao without stopping ———— Confucius. Studying Confucius. Studying Confucius. Studying Confucius. Studying

and transmitting Confucius's teaching without and transmitting Confucius's teaching without and transmitting Confucius's teaching without and transmitting Confucius's teaching without

stopping stopping stopping stopping ———— Yan Yuan.Yan Yuan.Yan Yuan.Yan Yuan.

The otherThe otherThe otherThe other said: said: said: said: OOOOne couldn't hope to ne couldn't hope to ne couldn't hope to ne couldn't hope to

establish the Dao like Confucius. establish the Dao like Confucius. establish the Dao like Confucius. establish the Dao like Confucius. OOOOne ne ne ne

couldn't have the strength to transmit the couldn't have the strength to transmit the couldn't have the strength to transmit the couldn't have the strength to transmit the

teaching like Yan Yuan.teaching like Yan Yuan.teaching like Yan Yuan.teaching like Yan Yuan.

Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about Yangzi said: You have not yet thought about

it. Who is stopping youit. Who is stopping youit. Who is stopping youit. Who is stopping you????

《《《《吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第二二二二 ---- My MasterMy MasterMy MasterMy Master》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111 吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「吾子吾子吾子吾子少而好少而好少而好少而好賦賦賦賦。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「然然然然。。。。童童童童子子子子雕蟲篆雕蟲篆雕蟲篆雕蟲篆

刻刻刻刻。。。。」」」」俄俄俄俄而曰而曰而曰而曰：「：「：「：「壯壯壯壯夫夫夫夫不不不不為也為也為也為也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「賦賦賦賦可以可以可以可以諷諷諷諷

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「諷諷諷諷乎乎乎乎！！！！諷諷諷諷則則則則已已已已，，，，不不不不已已已已，，，，吾吾吾吾恐恐恐恐不不不不免免免免於於於於勸勸勸勸

也也也也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「霧縠霧縠霧縠霧縠之之之之組麗組麗組麗組麗。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「女工女工女工女工之之之之蠹蠹蠹蠹

矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」《《《《劍客論劍客論劍客論劍客論》》》》曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「劍劍劍劍可以可以可以可以愛愛愛愛身身身身。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「狴犴狴犴狴犴狴犴

使使使使人人人人多多多多禮乎禮乎禮乎禮乎？」？」？」？」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: When my Master was young, were Someone asked: When my Master was young, were Someone asked: When my Master was young, were Someone asked: When my Master was young, were

you good at fuyou good at fuyou good at fuyou good at fu????

Yangzi said: Yes. As a youngster I practiced Yangzi said: Yes. As a youngster I practiced Yangzi said: Yes. As a youngster I practiced Yangzi said: Yes. As a youngster I practiced

cutting bronze, seal, and tally scripts.cutting bronze, seal, and tally scripts.cutting bronze, seal, and tally scripts.cutting bronze, seal, and tally scripts.

After a moment he said: Adults do not do this.After a moment he said: Adults do not do this.After a moment he said: Adults do not do this.After a moment he said: Adults do not do this.

The other said: Can fu not be used for The other said: Can fu not be used for The other said: Can fu not be used for The other said: Can fu not be used for

remonstraremonstraremonstraremonstration through satiretion through satiretion through satiretion through satire????

Yangzi said: Satire! Yangzi said: Satire! Yangzi said: Satire! Yangzi said: Satire! OOOOnce it satirizes, then it nce it satirizes, then it nce it satirizes, then it nce it satirizes, then it

should stop. When it does not end, I am afraid should stop. When it does not end, I am afraid should stop. When it does not end, I am afraid should stop. When it does not end, I am afraid

that it does not avoid becoming encouragement.that it does not avoid becoming encouragement.that it does not avoid becoming encouragement.that it does not avoid becoming encouragement.

The other said: Like the silken beauty of misty The other said: Like the silken beauty of misty The other said: Like the silken beauty of misty The other said: Like the silken beauty of misty

gauzegauzegauzegauze????

Yangzi said: It is the worm in women'sYangzi said: It is the worm in women'sYangzi said: It is the worm in women'sYangzi said: It is the worm in women's work.work.work.work.

The other said: The Swordsman's Treatise says: The other said: The Swordsman's Treatise says: The other said: The Swordsman's Treatise says: The other said: The Swordsman's Treatise says:

「「「「The sword can be used to protect the The sword can be used to protect the The sword can be used to protect the The sword can be used to protect the

body.body.body.body.」」」」

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBut can the skills of a swordsman ut can the skills of a swordsman ut can the skills of a swordsman ut can the skills of a swordsman

make men more skilled in limake men more skilled in limake men more skilled in limake men more skilled in li????

2222

吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「景景景景差差差差、、、、唐勒唐勒唐勒唐勒、、、、宋宋宋宋玉玉玉玉、、、、枚枚枚枚乘乘乘乘之之之之賦賦賦賦也也也也，，，，益益益益乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「必也必也必也必也淫淫淫淫。。。。」「」「」「」「淫淫淫淫則則則則奈奈奈奈何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「詩詩詩詩人之人之人之人之賦麗賦麗賦麗賦麗

以則以則以則以則，，，，辭辭辭辭人之人之人之人之賦麗賦麗賦麗賦麗以以以以淫淫淫淫。。。。如如如如孔孔孔孔氏氏氏氏之之之之門門門門用用用用賦賦賦賦也也也也，，，，則則則則賈誼賈誼賈誼賈誼

升堂升堂升堂升堂，，，，相相相相如如如如入室入室入室入室矣矣矣矣。。。。如其如其如其如其不不不不用何用何用何用何？」？」？」？」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: Were the fu of Jing Cha, Tang Someone asked: Were the fu of Jing Cha, Tang Someone asked: Were the fu of Jing Cha, Tang Someone asked: Were the fu of Jing Cha, Tang

Le, Song Yu, and Mei Cheng not of valueLe, Song Yu, and Mei Cheng not of valueLe, Song Yu, and Mei Cheng not of valueLe, Song Yu, and Mei Cheng not of value????

Yangzi said: They were excessive by necessity.Yangzi said: They were excessive by necessity.Yangzi said: They were excessive by necessity.Yangzi said: They were excessive by necessity.

The other said: What do The other said: What do The other said: What do The other said: What do you mean by you mean by you mean by you mean by

"excessive"excessive"excessive"excessive????""""

Yangzi said: The fu of those who wrote shi Yangzi said: The fu of those who wrote shi Yangzi said: The fu of those who wrote shi Yangzi said: The fu of those who wrote shi

style verse achieved beauty by means of style verse achieved beauty by means of style verse achieved beauty by means of style verse achieved beauty by means of

standards. The fu of those who wrote ci style standards. The fu of those who wrote ci style standards. The fu of those who wrote ci style standards. The fu of those who wrote ci style

verse achieved beauty by means of going to verse achieved beauty by means of going to verse achieved beauty by means of going to verse achieved beauty by means of going to

excess. If the Confucian school had used fu, excess. If the Confucian school had used fu, excess. If the Confucian school had used fu, excess. If the Confucian school had used fu,

Jia Yi Jia Yi Jia Yi Jia Yi [[[[wouldwouldwouldwould havehavehavehave]]]] ascended the hall and Sima ascended the hall and Sima ascended the hall and Sima ascended the hall and Sima

Xiangru Xiangru Xiangru Xiangru [[[[would havewould havewould havewould have]]]] entered the inner entered the inner entered the inner entered the inner

chambers. How could they have, if not for chambers. How could they have, if not for chambers. How could they have, if not for chambers. How could they have, if not for

having used having used having used having used [[[[fufufufu]]]]!!!!

3333 吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「蒼蠅紅蒼蠅紅蒼蠅紅蒼蠅紅、、、、紫紫紫紫」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明明明明視視視視。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「鄭衛鄭衛鄭衛鄭衛之之之之

似似似似」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聰聰聰聰聽聽聽聽。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「朱朱朱朱、、、、曠曠曠曠不不不不世世世世，，，，如如如如之之之之

何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亦精亦精亦精亦精之之之之而已矣而已矣而已矣而已矣。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked about those who canSomeone asked about those who canSomeone asked about those who canSomeone asked about those who can reverse black reverse black reverse black reverse black

and white and dazzle the eyes with unorthodox and white and dazzle the eyes with unorthodox and white and dazzle the eyes with unorthodox and white and dazzle the eyes with unorthodox

colors.colors.colors.colors.

Yangzi said: Look clearly.Yangzi said: Look clearly.Yangzi said: Look clearly.Yangzi said: Look clearly.

The other said: What if I hear music like that The other said: What if I hear music like that The other said: What if I hear music like that The other said: What if I hear music like that

of Zheng and Weiof Zheng and Weiof Zheng and Weiof Zheng and Wei????

Yangzi said: Listen clearly.Yangzi said: Listen clearly.Yangzi said: Listen clearly.Yangzi said: Listen clearly.

The other said: Li Zhu and Music Master The other said: Li Zhu and Music Master The other said: Li Zhu and Music Master The other said: Li Zhu and Music Master KKKKuang uang uang uang

are already dead. Whare already dead. Whare already dead. Whare already dead. What can be doneat can be doneat can be doneat can be done????

Yangzi said: SingleYangzi said: SingleYangzi said: SingleYangzi said: Single----mindedly concentrate on mindedly concentrate on mindedly concentrate on mindedly concentrate on

seeing and hearing and that's all.seeing and hearing and that's all.seeing and hearing and that's all.seeing and hearing and that's all.

4444

吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「交交交交五五五五聲聲聲聲、、、、十十十十二律二律二律二律也也也也，，，，或或或或雅雅雅雅或或或或鄭鄭鄭鄭，，，，何也何也何也何也？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「中中中中正正正正則則則則雅雅雅雅，，，，多哇多哇多哇多哇則則則則鄭鄭鄭鄭。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問本問本問本問本。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「黃鐘黃鐘黃鐘黃鐘以生之以生之以生之以生之，，，，中中中中正正正正以以以以平平平平之之之之，，，，確確確確乎乎乎乎鄭鄭鄭鄭、、、、衛衛衛衛不不不不能能能能入入入入

也也也也！」！」！」！」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: All music is based on the five Someone asked: All music is based on the five Someone asked: All music is based on the five Someone asked: All music is based on the five

tones and the twelve note scale, yet some music tones and the twelve note scale, yet some music tones and the twelve note scale, yet some music tones and the twelve note scale, yet some music

is ceremonial, and some is is ceremonial, and some is is ceremonial, and some is is ceremonial, and some is [[[[like that oflike that oflike that oflike that of]]]] Zheng Zheng Zheng Zheng

and Wei. Whyand Wei. Whyand Wei. Whyand Wei. Why????

Yangzi sYangzi sYangzi sYangzi said: If it is proper and correct, then aid: If it is proper and correct, then aid: If it is proper and correct, then aid: If it is proper and correct, then

it is ceremonial. If it is excessive and it is ceremonial. If it is excessive and it is ceremonial. If it is excessive and it is ceremonial. If it is excessive and

unrestrained, then it is like that of Zheng and unrestrained, then it is like that of Zheng and unrestrained, then it is like that of Zheng and unrestrained, then it is like that of Zheng and

Wei.Wei.Wei.Wei.

May I ask about the fundamentals of making May I ask about the fundamentals of making May I ask about the fundamentals of making May I ask about the fundamentals of making

musicmusicmusicmusic????

Yangzi said: If the huangzhong is used as the Yangzi said: If the huangzhong is used as the Yangzi said: If the huangzhong is used as the Yangzi said: If the huangzhong is used as the

root for producing the twelroot for producing the twelroot for producing the twelroot for producing the twelve note scale, and ve note scale, and ve note scale, and ve note scale, and

if one uses moderation and a correct attitude if one uses moderation and a correct attitude if one uses moderation and a correct attitude if one uses moderation and a correct attitude

to make the notes of properly equal pitch, then to make the notes of properly equal pitch, then to make the notes of properly equal pitch, then to make the notes of properly equal pitch, then

one can insure that the music of Zheng and Wei one can insure that the music of Zheng and Wei one can insure that the music of Zheng and Wei one can insure that the music of Zheng and Wei

will not be able to enter into and defile one's will not be able to enter into and defile one's will not be able to enter into and defile one's will not be able to enter into and defile one's

music.music.music.music.

5555


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「女女女女有有有有色色色色，，，，書亦書亦書亦書亦有有有有色色色色乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有有有有。。。。女女女女惡惡惡惡華華華華

丹丹丹丹之之之之亂窈窕亂窈窕亂窈窕亂窈窕也也也也，，，，書惡書惡書惡書惡淫辭淫辭淫辭淫辭之之之之淈淈淈淈法法法法度度度度也也也也。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone said: Women have beauty, but do books Someone said: Women have beauty, but do books Someone said: Women have beauty, but do books Someone said: Women have beauty, but do books

not also have beautynot also have beautynot also have beautynot also have beauty????

Yangzi said: They do. With women, one hates Yangzi said: They do. With women, one hates Yangzi said: They do. With women, one hates Yangzi said: They do. With women, one hates

cosmetics that ruin their beauty. With books, cosmetics that ruin their beauty. With books, cosmetics that ruin their beauty. With books, cosmetics that ruin their beauty. With books,

one hates excessive words that create chaos in one hates excessive words that create chaos in one hates excessive words that create chaos in one hates excessive words that create chaos in

laws and institutions.laws and institutions.laws and institutions.laws and institutions.

6666


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「屈原智屈原智屈原智屈原智乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「如玉如如玉如如玉如如玉如瑩瑩瑩瑩，，，，爰爰爰爰變變變變丹丹丹丹青青青青。。。。

如其如其如其如其智智智智！！！！如其如其如其如其智智智智！」！」！」！」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone Someone Someone Someone asked: Was Qu Yuan wise or notasked: Was Qu Yuan wise or notasked: Was Qu Yuan wise or notasked: Was Qu Yuan wise or not????

Yangzi said: Like jade, like chiseled jadeYangzi said: Like jade, like chiseled jadeYangzi said: Like jade, like chiseled jadeYangzi said: Like jade, like chiseled jade————

transformed into reds and greens! transformed into reds and greens! transformed into reds and greens! transformed into reds and greens! BBBBut such was ut such was ut such was ut such was

his wisdom, such was his wisdom!his wisdom, such was his wisdom!his wisdom, such was his wisdom!his wisdom, such was his wisdom!

7777


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「君子尚君子尚君子尚君子尚辭辭辭辭乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子事之君子事之君子事之君子事之為為為為尚尚尚尚。。。。事事事事勝勝勝勝

辭辭辭辭則則則則伉伉伉伉，，，，辭辭辭辭勝勝勝勝事則事則事則事則賦賦賦賦，，，，事事事事、、、、辭辭辭辭稱則經稱則經稱則經稱則經。。。。足足足足言言言言足足足足容容容容，，，，德德德德

之藻之藻之藻之藻矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: Does the junzi esteem wordsSomeone asked: Does the junzi esteem wordsSomeone asked: Does the junzi esteem wordsSomeone asked: Does the junzi esteem words????

Yangzi said: The junzi esteems reality. When Yangzi said: The junzi esteems reality. When Yangzi said: The junzi esteems reality. When Yangzi said: The junzi esteems reality. When

the reality goes beyond the words, the reality goes beyond the words, the reality goes beyond the words, the reality goes beyond the words, it is it is it is it is

unrefined. When the words go beyond the unrefined. When the words go beyond the unrefined. When the words go beyond the unrefined. When the words go beyond the

reality, then it is exaggerated like fu. When reality, then it is exaggerated like fu. When reality, then it is exaggerated like fu. When reality, then it is exaggerated like fu. When

the reality and the words are in balance, then the reality and the words are in balance, then the reality and the words are in balance, then the reality and the words are in balance, then

it is a standard. it is a standard. it is a standard. it is a standard. BBBBoth words and comportment oth words and comportment oth words and comportment oth words and comportment

fully adequate, that is how to embellish de.fully adequate, that is how to embellish de.fully adequate, that is how to embellish de.fully adequate, that is how to embellish de.

8888


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「公公公公孫龍詭辭數孫龍詭辭數孫龍詭辭數孫龍詭辭數萬以萬以萬以萬以為為為為法法法法，，，，法法法法與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「斷斷斷斷

木為木為木為木為棋棋棋棋，，，，捖革捖革捖革捖革為為為為鞠鞠鞠鞠，，，，亦亦亦亦皆皆皆皆有法有法有法有法焉焉焉焉。。。。不不不不合合合合乎先王之法乎先王之法乎先王之法乎先王之法

者者者者，，，，君子不法君子不法君子不法君子不法也也也也。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: Gongsun Long took his ten Someone asked: Gongsun Long took his ten Someone asked: Gongsun Long took his ten Someone asked: Gongsun Long took his ten

thousand clever words to be a model. Can they thousand clever words to be a model. Can they thousand clever words to be a model. Can they thousand clever words to be a model. Can they

be used as a modelbe used as a modelbe used as a modelbe used as a model????

Yangzi said: Cutting wood to make chess pieces Yangzi said: Cutting wood to make chess pieces Yangzi said: Cutting wood to make chess pieces Yangzi said: Cutting wood to make chess pieces

and scraping hides to make a ball, these kinds and scraping hides to make a ball, these kinds and scraping hides to make a ball, these kinds and scraping hides to make a ball, these kinds

of activities all have a model. of activities all have a model. of activities all have a model. of activities all have a model. BBBBut as for ut as for ut as for ut as for

those things that do not accord with the model those things that do not accord with the model those things that do not accord with the model those things that do not accord with the model

of theof theof theof the former kings, the junzi does not take former kings, the junzi does not take former kings, the junzi does not take former kings, the junzi does not take

them as a model.them as a model.them as a model.them as a model.

9999


觀觀觀觀書者書者書者書者譬譬譬譬諸諸諸諸觀觀觀觀山山山山及及及及水水水水，，，，升東升東升東升東嶽而嶽而嶽而嶽而知眾知眾知眾知眾山山山山之之之之邐迤邐迤邐迤邐迤也也也也，，，，況況況況

介介介介丘丘丘丘乎乎乎乎？？？？浮滄浮滄浮滄浮滄海而海而海而海而知知知知江河江河江河江河之之之之惡惡惡惡沱沱沱沱也也也也，，，，況況況況枯澤枯澤枯澤枯澤乎乎乎乎？？？？舍舍舍舍舟舟舟舟

航航航航而而而而濟濟濟濟乎乎乎乎瀆者瀆者瀆者瀆者，，，，末末末末矣矣矣矣；；；；舍舍舍舍五經五經五經五經而而而而濟濟濟濟乎道乎道乎道乎道者者者者，，，，末末末末矣矣矣矣。。。。棄棄棄棄

常珍常珍常珍常珍而而而而嗜嗜嗜嗜乎乎乎乎異異異異饌饌饌饌者者者者，，，，惡睹其惡睹其惡睹其惡睹其識味識味識味識味也也也也？？？？委委委委大聖大聖大聖大聖而好而好而好而好乎諸乎諸乎諸乎諸

子子子子者者者者，，，，惡睹其惡睹其惡睹其惡睹其識識識識道道道道也也也也？」？」？」？」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Looking at the the Looking at the the Looking at the the Looking at the the Confucian Confucian Confucian Confucian BBBBooks is ooks is ooks is ooks is

comparable to looking at mountains and water: comparable to looking at mountains and water: comparable to looking at mountains and water: comparable to looking at mountains and water:

Ascending Mt. Tai, one knows the small and Ascending Mt. Tai, one knows the small and Ascending Mt. Tai, one knows the small and Ascending Mt. Tai, one knows the small and

winding landscape of the other mountains of the winding landscape of the other mountains of the winding landscape of the other mountains of the winding landscape of the other mountains of the

range, how much more that of the little hills. range, how much more that of the little hills. range, how much more that of the little hills. range, how much more that of the little hills.

Floating on the blueFloating on the blueFloating on the blueFloating on the blue----green ocean, one knows the green ocean, one knows the green ocean, one knows the green ocean, one knows the

muddimuddimuddimuddiness of the rivers, how much more that of ness of the rivers, how much more that of ness of the rivers, how much more that of ness of the rivers, how much more that of

the dried up marshes. Throwing away the boat the dried up marshes. Throwing away the boat the dried up marshes. Throwing away the boat the dried up marshes. Throwing away the boat

and yet crossing a great river, there has never and yet crossing a great river, there has never and yet crossing a great river, there has never and yet crossing a great river, there has never

been anyone who could do thisbeen anyone who could do thisbeen anyone who could do thisbeen anyone who could do this]]]]. Thowing away . Thowing away . Thowing away . Thowing away

the Five Classics and yet reaching the Dao, the Five Classics and yet reaching the Dao, the Five Classics and yet reaching the Dao, the Five Classics and yet reaching the Dao,

there has never been anyone who there has never been anyone who there has never been anyone who there has never been anyone who could do this could do this could do this could do this

either! As for one who rejects the regular either! As for one who rejects the regular either! As for one who rejects the regular either! As for one who rejects the regular

delicacies and is fond of strange dishes, how delicacies and is fond of strange dishes, how delicacies and is fond of strange dishes, how delicacies and is fond of strange dishes, how

do you know that he can recognize tastesdo you know that he can recognize tastesdo you know that he can recognize tastesdo you know that he can recognize tastes???? As As As As

for one who abandons the great sage and loves for one who abandons the great sage and loves for one who abandons the great sage and loves for one who abandons the great sage and loves

the various philosophers, how do you know that the various philosophers, how do you know that the various philosophers, how do you know that the various philosophers, how do you know that

he can recognizhe can recognizhe can recognizhe can recognize the Daoe the Daoe the Daoe the Dao????

10101010

吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 山山山山��之之之之蹊蹊蹊蹊，，，，不可不可不可不可勝勝勝勝由由由由矣矣矣矣；；；；向墻向墻向墻向墻之之之之戶戶戶戶，，，，不可不可不可不可勝勝勝勝入入入入矣矣矣矣。。。。

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「惡惡惡惡由入由入由入由入？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰；「；「；「；「孔孔孔孔氏氏氏氏。。。。孔孔孔孔氏者氏者氏者氏者，，，，戶戶戶戶也也也也。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「子子子子戶戶戶戶乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「戶戶戶戶哉哉哉哉！！！！戶戶戶戶哉哉哉哉！！！！吾吾吾吾獨獨獨獨有不有不有不有不戶戶戶戶者者者者

矣矣矣矣？」？」？」？」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: A trail down a mountain ravine cannot be A trail down a mountain ravine cannot be A trail down a mountain ravine cannot be A trail down a mountain ravine cannot be

followed to the endfollowed to the endfollowed to the endfollowed to the end;;;; a door facing a wall a door facing a wall a door facing a wall a door facing a wall

cannot be entered.cannot be entered.cannot be entered.cannot be entered.

The other The other The other The other said: From where can one entersaid: From where can one entersaid: From where can one entersaid: From where can one enter????

Yangzi said: Confucius. Confucius is the door.Yangzi said: Confucius. Confucius is the door.Yangzi said: Confucius. Confucius is the door.Yangzi said: Confucius. Confucius is the door.

The other said: Have you passed through The other said: Have you passed through The other said: Have you passed through The other said: Have you passed through

Confucius's doorConfucius's doorConfucius's doorConfucius's door????

Yangzi said: The door! The door! How could I be Yangzi said: The door! The door! How could I be Yangzi said: The door! The door! How could I be Yangzi said: The door! The door! How could I be

the only one who has not entered through the the only one who has not entered through the the only one who has not entered through the the only one who has not entered through the

doordoordoordoor????

11111111


或欲或欲或欲或欲學學學學《《《《蒼頡蒼頡蒼頡蒼頡》、《》、《》、《》、《史篇史篇史篇史篇》。》。》。》。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「史史史史乎乎乎乎！！！！史史史史乎乎乎乎！！！！愈愈愈愈

於於於於妄闕妄闕妄闕妄闕也也也也。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone wanted to study the Cangjie and the Someone wanted to study the Cangjie and the Someone wanted to study the Cangjie and the Someone wanted to study the Cangjie and the

Shipian.Shipian.Shipian.Shipian.

Yangzi said: The Shi! The Shi! It is better Yangzi said: The Shi! The Shi! It is better Yangzi said: The Shi! The Shi! It is better Yangzi said: The Shi! The Shi! It is better

than forgetting about and losing it!than forgetting about and losing it!than forgetting about and losing it!than forgetting about and losing it!

12121212


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「有人有人有人有人焉焉焉焉，，，，曰曰曰曰雲姓雲姓雲姓雲姓孔孔孔孔而而而而字字字字仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼，，，，入入入入其其其其門門門門，，，，升升升升其其其其

堂堂堂堂，，，，伏伏伏伏其其其其几几几几，，，，襲襲襲襲其其其其裳裳裳裳，，，，則可則可則可則可謂謂謂謂仲尼乎仲尼乎仲尼乎仲尼乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「其文其文其文其文

是也是也是也是也，，，，其質非也其質非也其質非也其質非也。。。。」「」「」「」「敢敢敢敢問問問問質質質質。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「羊羊羊羊質而質而質而質而虎虎虎虎

皮皮皮皮，，，，見見見見草草草草而說而說而說而說，，，，見見見見豺豺豺豺而而而而戰戰戰戰，，，，忘忘忘忘其其其其皮皮皮皮之之之之虎虎虎虎矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone said: Suppose there is a man who Someone said: Suppose there is a man who Someone said: Suppose there is a man who Someone said: Suppose there is a man who says says says says

that his surname is that his surname is that his surname is that his surname is KKKKong, and his name Zhongni. ong, and his name Zhongni. ong, and his name Zhongni. ong, and his name Zhongni.

If he enters Confucius's gate, ascends his If he enters Confucius's gate, ascends his If he enters Confucius's gate, ascends his If he enters Confucius's gate, ascends his

hall, sits in his chair, and wears his clothes, hall, sits in his chair, and wears his clothes, hall, sits in his chair, and wears his clothes, hall, sits in his chair, and wears his clothes,

then may he be called Confuciusthen may he be called Confuciusthen may he be called Confuciusthen may he be called Confucius????

Yangzi said: His outer appearance (wen), yes. Yangzi said: His outer appearance (wen), yes. Yangzi said: His outer appearance (wen), yes. Yangzi said: His outer appearance (wen), yes.

His zhi, no.His zhi, no.His zhi, no.His zhi, no.

The other said: May The other said: May The other said: May The other said: May I dare ask about zhiI dare ask about zhiI dare ask about zhiI dare ask about zhi????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: OOOOne who has a sheep's zhi and a ne who has a sheep's zhi and a ne who has a sheep's zhi and a ne who has a sheep's zhi and a

tiger's skin sees grass and is happy, sees a tiger's skin sees grass and is happy, sees a tiger's skin sees grass and is happy, sees a tiger's skin sees grass and is happy, sees a

jackal and shivers. He forgets he is wearing a jackal and shivers. He forgets he is wearing a jackal and shivers. He forgets he is wearing a jackal and shivers. He forgets he is wearing a

tiger's skin.tiger's skin.tiger's skin.tiger's skin.

13131313


聖人聖人聖人聖人虎別虎別虎別虎別，，，，其文其文其文其文炳炳炳炳也也也也。。。。君子君子君子君子豹別豹別豹別豹別，，，，其文其文其文其文蔚蔚蔚蔚也也也也。。。。辯辯辯辯人人人人貍貍貍貍

別別別別，，，，其文其文其文其文萃萃萃萃也也也也。。。。貍變貍變貍變貍變則則則則豹豹豹豹，，，，豹變豹變豹變豹變則則則則虎虎虎虎。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: The sage is in the tiger class, his stripes The sage is in the tiger class, his stripes The sage is in the tiger class, his stripes The sage is in the tiger class, his stripes

(wen) are bright and distinct. The junzi is in (wen) are bright and distinct. The junzi is in (wen) are bright and distinct. The junzi is in (wen) are bright and distinct. The junzi is in

the leopard class, his spots (wen) are colorful the leopard class, his spots (wen) are colorful the leopard class, his spots (wen) are colorful the leopard class, his spots (wen) are colorful

and abundant. The sophists are in the wildcat and abundant. The sophists are in the wildcat and abundant. The sophists are in the wildcat and abundant. The sophists are in the wildcat

class, their markings (wen) are collected class, their markings (wen) are collected class, their markings (wen) are collected class, their markings (wen) are collected

together thickly. If the wildtogether thickly. If the wildtogether thickly. If the wildtogether thickly. If the wildcat transforms, cat transforms, cat transforms, cat transforms,

then he is a leopard. If the leopard then he is a leopard. If the leopard then he is a leopard. If the leopard then he is a leopard. If the leopard

transforms, then he is a tiger.transforms, then he is a tiger.transforms, then he is a tiger.transforms, then he is a tiger.

14141414 吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 好書而好書而好書而好書而不不不不要要要要諸仲尼諸仲尼諸仲尼諸仲尼，，，，書書書書肆肆肆肆也也也也。。。。好說而好說而好說而好說而不不不不要要要要諸仲尼諸仲尼諸仲尼諸仲尼，，，，說說說說

鈴鈴鈴鈴也也也也。。。。君子言君子言君子言君子言也也也也無無無無擇擇擇擇，，，，聽也聽也聽也聽也無無無無淫淫淫淫，，，，擇擇擇擇則則則則亂亂亂亂，，，，淫淫淫淫則則則則辟辟辟辟。。。。

述述述述正正正正道道道道而而而而稍稍稍稍邪邪邪邪哆哆哆哆者者者者有有有有矣矣矣矣，，，，未未未未有述有述有述有述邪邪邪邪哆哆哆哆而而而而稍稍稍稍正也正也正也正也。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: People who love books but do not seek People who love books but do not seek People who love books but do not seek People who love books but do not seek

instruction from instruction from instruction from instruction from Confucius are like a bookshop. Confucius are like a bookshop. Confucius are like a bookshop. Confucius are like a bookshop.

Those who love to engage in persuasion but do Those who love to engage in persuasion but do Those who love to engage in persuasion but do Those who love to engage in persuasion but do

not seek instruction from Confucius talk like not seek instruction from Confucius talk like not seek instruction from Confucius talk like not seek instruction from Confucius talk like

jingling bells. What the junzi says does not jingling bells. What the junzi says does not jingling bells. What the junzi says does not jingling bells. What the junzi says does not

corrupt others. What he listens to is without corrupt others. What he listens to is without corrupt others. What he listens to is without corrupt others. What he listens to is without

exaggeration. Corruption results in disordexaggeration. Corruption results in disordexaggeration. Corruption results in disordexaggeration. Corruption results in disorder. er. er. er.

Exaggeration results in the unorthodox. There Exaggeration results in the unorthodox. There Exaggeration results in the unorthodox. There Exaggeration results in the unorthodox. There

have been those who transmitted the straight have been those who transmitted the straight have been those who transmitted the straight have been those who transmitted the straight

dao but gradually went crookeddao but gradually went crookeddao but gradually went crookeddao but gradually went crooked;;;; but there has but there has but there has but there has

never been anyone who transmitted the crooked never been anyone who transmitted the crooked never been anyone who transmitted the crooked never been anyone who transmitted the crooked

dao and gradually went straight.dao and gradually went straight.dao and gradually went straight.dao and gradually went straight.

15151515


孔子之道孔子之道孔子之道孔子之道，，，，其其其其較較較較且易也且易也且易也且易也。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「童童童童而習而習而習而習之之之之，，，，白紛白紛白紛白紛如如如如

也也也也，，，，何其何其何其何其較較較較且易且易且易且易？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「謂其謂其謂其謂其不不不不奸奸奸奸奸奸奸奸，，，，不不不不詐詐詐詐詐詐詐詐也也也也。。。。

如如如如奸奸奸奸奸奸奸奸而而而而詐詐詐詐詐詐詐詐，，，，雖雖雖雖有有有有耳目耳目耳目耳目，，，，焉得而正焉得而正焉得而正焉得而正諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Confucius's daoConfucius's daoConfucius's daoConfucius's dao————how clear and easy it is!how clear and easy it is!how clear and easy it is!how clear and easy it is!

Someone said: Starting from his youth and Someone said: Starting from his youth and Someone said: Starting from his youth and Someone said: Starting from his youth and

practicing it, one studies until his hair turns practicing it, one studies until his hair turns practicing it, one studies until his hair turns practicing it, one studies until his hair turns

white, and he is still confused. How can you white, and he is still confused. How can you white, and he is still confused. How can you white, and he is still confused. How can you

say it is so clear and easysay it is so clear and easysay it is so clear and easysay it is so clear and easy????

Yangzi said: I am referring to its not being Yangzi said: I am referring to its not being Yangzi said: I am referring to its not being Yangzi said: I am referring to its not being

crooked in order to deal with the crooked, and crooked in order to deal with the crooked, and crooked in order to deal with the crooked, and crooked in order to deal with the crooked, and

not being crafty in order to deal with the not being crafty in order to deal with the not being crafty in order to deal with the not being crafty in order to deal with the

crafty. If it were crooked and crafty, even crafty. If it were crooked and crafty, even crafty. If it were crooked and crafty, even crafty. If it were crooked and crafty, even

though you had ears and eyes, how would you be though you had ears and eyes, how would you be though you had ears and eyes, how would you be though you had ears and eyes, how would you be

able to correct them.able to correct them.able to correct them.able to correct them.

16161616


多多多多聞則聞則聞則聞則守守守守之以之以之以之以約約約約，，，，多多多多見則見則見則見則守守守守之以之以之以之以卓卓卓卓。。。。寡聞則無寡聞則無寡聞則無寡聞則無約約約約也也也也，，，，

寡見則無寡見則無寡見則無寡見則無卓也卓也卓也卓也。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: If you hear much, then hold onto the essential. If you hear much, then hold onto the essential. If you hear much, then hold onto the essential. If you hear much, then hold onto the essential.

If you see much, then hold onto the profound. If you see much, then hold onto the profound. If you see much, then hold onto the profound. If you see much, then hold onto the profound.

If you do not hear If you do not hear If you do not hear If you do not hear much, then nothing is much, then nothing is much, then nothing is much, then nothing is

essential. If you do not see much, then nothing essential. If you do not see much, then nothing essential. If you do not see much, then nothing essential. If you do not see much, then nothing

is profound.is profound.is profound.is profound.

17171717


綠衣三綠衣三綠衣三綠衣三百百百百，，，，色色色色如如如如之之之之何矣何矣何矣何矣！！！！紵絮三千紵絮三千紵絮三千紵絮三千，，，，寒寒寒寒如如如如之之之之何矣何矣何矣何矣！！！！

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Three hundred green robesThree hundred green robesThree hundred green robesThree hundred green robes————but what about the but what about the but what about the but what about the

colorcolorcolorcolor???? Three thousand scraps of hemp Three thousand scraps of hemp Three thousand scraps of hemp Three thousand scraps of hemp————but what but what but what but what

about the coldabout the coldabout the coldabout the cold????

18181818


君子之道有四君子之道有四君子之道有四君子之道有四易易易易：：：：簡簡簡簡而易用也而易用也而易用也而易用也，，，，要要要要而易而易而易而易守守守守也也也也、、、、炳炳炳炳而易而易而易而易

見見見見也也也也，，，，法法法法而易而易而易而易言言言言也也也也。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: The dao ofThe dao ofThe dao ofThe dao of the junzi is easy in four ways: the junzi is easy in four ways: the junzi is easy in four ways: the junzi is easy in four ways:

being simple, it is easy to usebeing simple, it is easy to usebeing simple, it is easy to usebeing simple, it is easy to use;;;; being being being being

essential, it is easy to graspessential, it is easy to graspessential, it is easy to graspessential, it is easy to grasp;;;; being bright, being bright, being bright, being bright,

it is easy to seeit is easy to seeit is easy to seeit is easy to see;;;; being the model, it is easy being the model, it is easy being the model, it is easy being the model, it is easy

to explain.to explain.to explain.to explain.

19191919


震風震風震風震風陵陵陵陵雨雨雨雨，，，，然後知然後知然後知然後知夏屋夏屋夏屋夏屋之之之之為為為為帡幪帡幪帡幪帡幪也也也也；；；；虐虐虐虐政政政政虐虐虐虐世世世世，，，，然後然後然後然後

知聖人之知聖人之知聖人之知聖人之為為為為郛郭郛郭郛郭郛郭也也也也。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: After After After After thunderous winds and heavy rains, one thunderous winds and heavy rains, one thunderous winds and heavy rains, one thunderous winds and heavy rains, one

knows that a big house is a shelter. After knows that a big house is a shelter. After knows that a big house is a shelter. After knows that a big house is a shelter. After

harsh government and a chaotic age, one knows harsh government and a chaotic age, one knows harsh government and a chaotic age, one knows harsh government and a chaotic age, one knows

the sage is a bastion wall.the sage is a bastion wall.the sage is a bastion wall.the sage is a bastion wall.

20202020


古古古古者者者者楊墨塞路楊墨塞路楊墨塞路楊墨塞路，，，，孟孟孟孟子子子子辭辭辭辭而而而而辟辟辟辟之之之之，，，，廓廓廓廓如也如也如也如也。。。。後之後之後之後之塞路塞路塞路塞路者者者者

有有有有矣矣矣矣，，，，竊自竊自竊自竊自比比比比於於於於孟孟孟孟子子子子。。。。

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Among the ancients, Yang Zhu and Mo Di blocked Among the ancients, Yang Zhu and Mo Di blocked Among the ancients, Yang Zhu and Mo Di blocked Among the ancients, Yang Zhu and Mo Di blocked

the road, Mengzi spoke and burst it open, the road, Mengzi spoke and burst it open, the road, Mengzi spoke and burst it open, the road, Mengzi spoke and burst it open,

making the road making the road making the road making the road broad. There were others after broad. There were others after broad. There were others after broad. There were others after

him who blocked the road. I humbly compare him who blocked the road. I humbly compare him who blocked the road. I humbly compare him who blocked the road. I humbly compare

myself to Mengzi.myself to Mengzi.myself to Mengzi.myself to Mengzi.

21212121 吾子吾子吾子吾子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「人人人人各各各各是其所是而非其所非是其所是而非其所非是其所是而非其所非是其所是而非其所非，，，，將將將將誰誰誰誰使正使正使正使正之之之之？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「萬萬萬萬物紛物紛物紛物紛錯錯錯錯則則則則懸懸懸懸諸天諸天諸天諸天，，，，眾言眾言眾言眾言淆亂淆亂淆亂淆亂則則則則折折折折諸聖諸聖諸聖諸聖。。。。」」」」或或或或

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「惡睹惡睹惡睹惡睹乎聖乎聖乎聖乎聖而而而而折折折折諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「在則人在則人在則人在則人，，，，亡亡亡亡則則則則書書書書，，，，

其其其其統統統統一一一一也也也也。。。。」」」」

My Master:My Master:My Master:My Master: Someone asked: Each person affirms what he Someone asked: Each person affirms what he Someone asked: Each person affirms what he Someone asked: Each person affirms what he

affirms andaffirms andaffirms andaffirms and denies what he deniesdenies what he deniesdenies what he deniesdenies what he denies————who will set who will set who will set who will set

them rightthem rightthem rightthem right????

Yangzi said: If the ten thousand things are Yangzi said: If the ten thousand things are Yangzi said: If the ten thousand things are Yangzi said: If the ten thousand things are

confused and disorderly, they are corrected by confused and disorderly, they are corrected by confused and disorderly, they are corrected by confused and disorderly, they are corrected by

TianTianTianTian;;;; if the multitude of words are confused if the multitude of words are confused if the multitude of words are confused if the multitude of words are confused

and chaotic, then they are judged by the and chaotic, then they are judged by the and chaotic, then they are judged by the and chaotic, then they are judged by the

sage.sage.sage.sage.

Someone said: Whence canSomeone said: Whence canSomeone said: Whence canSomeone said: Whence can one look to a sage to one look to a sage to one look to a sage to one look to a sage to

render judgmentrender judgmentrender judgmentrender judgment????

Yangzi said: When he is alive, there is the Yangzi said: When he is alive, there is the Yangzi said: When he is alive, there is the Yangzi said: When he is alive, there is the

manmanmanman;;;; when he is gone, there are the when he is gone, there are the when he is gone, there are the when he is gone, there are the BBBBooks. ooks. ooks. ooks.

Their guiding principle is the same.Their guiding principle is the same.Their guiding principle is the same.Their guiding principle is the same.

《《《《修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第三三三三 ---- Cultivating the SelfCultivating the SelfCultivating the SelfCultivating the Self》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

修身以修身以修身以修身以為弓為弓為弓為弓，，，，矯矯矯矯思思思思以以以以為為為為矢矢矢矢，，，，立義以立義以立義以立義以為為為為的的的的，，，，奠奠奠奠而而而而後後後後

發發發發，，，，發發發發必必必必中中中中矣矣矣矣。。。。

Cultivating Cultivating Cultivating Cultivating

the Self:...:the Self:...:the Self:...:the Self:...:

Cultivating oneself is the bowCultivating oneself is the bowCultivating oneself is the bowCultivating oneself is the bow;;;; rectifying rectifying rectifying rectifying

one's thoughts is the arrowone's thoughts is the arrowone's thoughts is the arrowone's thoughts is the arrow;;;; establishing yi establishing yi establishing yi establishing yi

is the target. is the target. is the target. is the target. BBBBeing settled and then eing settled and then eing settled and then eing settled and then

shooting, the shot will shooting, the shot will shooting, the shot will shooting, the shot will inevitably hit the inevitably hit the inevitably hit the inevitably hit the

bull'sbull'sbull'sbull's----eye.eye.eye.eye.

2222


人之性人之性人之性人之性也善惡也善惡也善惡也善惡混混混混。。。。修修修修其善其善其善其善則則則則為善為善為善為善人人人人，，，，修修修修其惡其惡其惡其惡則則則則為惡為惡為惡為惡

人人人人。。。。氣氣氣氣也者也者也者也者，，，，所所所所以以以以適適適適善惡善惡善惡善惡之之之之馬也與馬也與馬也與馬也與？？？？


thethethethe Self:...:Self:...:Self:...:Self:...:

Man's xing is a mixture of good and bad. If Man's xing is a mixture of good and bad. If Man's xing is a mixture of good and bad. If Man's xing is a mixture of good and bad. If

he cultivates its good aspects, then he he cultivates its good aspects, then he he cultivates its good aspects, then he he cultivates its good aspects, then he

becomes a good man. If he cultivates its bad becomes a good man. If he cultivates its bad becomes a good man. If he cultivates its bad becomes a good man. If he cultivates its bad

aspects, then he becomes a bad man. As for aspects, then he becomes a bad man. As for aspects, then he becomes a bad man. As for aspects, then he becomes a bad man. As for

qi, is it not the horse that one rides toward qi, is it not the horse that one rides toward qi, is it not the horse that one rides toward qi, is it not the horse that one rides toward

good or badgood or badgood or badgood or bad????

3333


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「孔子之事孔子之事孔子之事孔子之事多多多多矣矣矣矣，，，，不不不不用用用用，，，，則則則則亦亦亦亦勤勤勤勤且憂且憂且憂且憂乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人聖人聖人聖人樂樂樂樂天知命天知命天知命天知命，，，，樂樂樂樂天則不天則不天則不天則不勤勤勤勤，，，，知命則不知命則不知命則不知命則不

憂憂憂憂。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Confucius's abilities were Someone said: Confucius's abilities were Someone said: Confucius's abilities were Someone said: Confucius's abilities were

many. Since he was not employed, was he not many. Since he was not employed, was he not many. Since he was not employed, was he not many. Since he was not employed, was he not

distressed and worried.distressed and worried.distressed and worried.distressed and worried.

Yangzi said: The sage takes pleasure in Tian Yangzi said: The sage takes pleasure in Tian Yangzi said: The sage takes pleasure in Tian Yangzi said: The sage takes pleasure in Tian

and knows ming. Since he and knows ming. Since he and knows ming. Since he and knows ming. Since he takes pleasure in takes pleasure in takes pleasure in takes pleasure in

Tian, he is not distressed. Since he knows Tian, he is not distressed. Since he knows Tian, he is not distressed. Since he knows Tian, he is not distressed. Since he knows

ming, he is not worried.ming, he is not worried.ming, he is not worried.ming, he is not worried.

4444 修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「銘銘銘銘」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「銘銘銘銘哉哉哉哉！！！！銘銘銘銘哉哉哉哉！！！！有意於有意於有意於有意於慎慎慎慎也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about inscriptions.Someone asked about inscriptions.Someone asked about inscriptions.Someone asked about inscriptions.

Yangzi said: Inscriptions! Inscriptions! They Yangzi said: Inscriptions! Inscriptions! They Yangzi said: Inscriptions! Inscriptions! They Yangzi said: Inscriptions! Inscriptions! They

are intended are intended are intended are intended to make people conscientious.to make people conscientious.to make people conscientious.to make people conscientious.

5555


聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之辭辭辭辭，，，，可可可可為也為也為也為也；；；；使使使使人人人人信信信信之之之之，，，，所所所所不可不可不可不可為也為也為也為也。。。。是是是是以以以以

君子君子君子君子強強強強學學學學而而而而力力力力行行行行。。。。


the Selfthe Selfthe Selfthe Self:...::...::...::...:

The sage's words can be practiced, but making The sage's words can be practiced, but making The sage's words can be practiced, but making The sage's words can be practiced, but making

people believe them cannot be done. Thus, the people believe them cannot be done. Thus, the people believe them cannot be done. Thus, the people believe them cannot be done. Thus, the

junzi assiduously studies and diligently puts junzi assiduously studies and diligently puts junzi assiduously studies and diligently puts junzi assiduously studies and diligently puts

them into practice.them into practice.them into practice.them into practice.

6666


珍珍珍珍其其其其貨貨貨貨而而而而後後後後市市市市，，，，修修修修其其其其身身身身而而而而後後後後交交交交，，，，善其善其善其善其謀謀謀謀而而而而後動成道後動成道後動成道後動成道

也也也也。。。。



To refine one's goods and then go to marketTo refine one's goods and then go to marketTo refine one's goods and then go to marketTo refine one's goods and then go to market;;;;

To cultivate oneself and then make friendsTo cultivate oneself and then make friendsTo cultivate oneself and then make friendsTo cultivate oneself and then make friends;;;;

To perfect one'To perfect one'To perfect one'To perfect one's plans and then acts plans and then acts plans and then acts plans and then act————

[[[[This isThis isThis isThis is]]]] the dao of success. the dao of success. the dao of success. the dao of success.

7777 修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 君子之君子之君子之君子之所所所所慎慎慎慎：：：：言言言言、、、、禮禮禮禮、、、、書書書書。。。。


the the the the Self:...:Self:...:Self:...:Self:...:

That which the junzi is cautious about are That which the junzi is cautious about are That which the junzi is cautious about are That which the junzi is cautious about are

his speech, li, and writings.his speech, li, and writings.his speech, li, and writings.his speech, li, and writings.

8888


上上上上交交交交不不不不諂諂諂諂，，，，下下下下交交交交不不不不驕驕驕驕，，，，則可以有則可以有則可以有則可以有為矣為矣為矣為矣。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「君君君君

子子子子自守自守自守自守，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其交交交交？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「天地天地天地天地交交交交，，，，萬萬萬萬物物物物生生生生；；；；人道人道人道人道

交交交交，，，，功勛功勛功勛功勛成成成成，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其守守守守？」？」？」？」



If he does not flatter in interacting with If he does not flatter in interacting with If he does not flatter in interacting with If he does not flatter in interacting with

superiors and superiors and superiors and superiors and does not boast in interacting does not boast in interacting does not boast in interacting does not boast in interacting

with inferiors, then he can create with inferiors, then he can create with inferiors, then he can create with inferiors, then he can create

friendships.friendships.friendships.friendships.

Someone said: The junzi keeps to himselfSomeone said: The junzi keeps to himselfSomeone said: The junzi keeps to himselfSomeone said: The junzi keeps to himself;;;; why why why why

must he interact with othersmust he interact with othersmust he interact with othersmust he interact with others????

Yangzi said: When Heaven and Earth interact, Yangzi said: When Heaven and Earth interact, Yangzi said: When Heaven and Earth interact, Yangzi said: When Heaven and Earth interact,

the myriad things are bornthe myriad things are bornthe myriad things are bornthe myriad things are born;;;; when men interact when men interact when men interact when men interact

with the Dwith the Dwith the Dwith the Dao, accomplishments of merit are ao, accomplishments of merit are ao, accomplishments of merit are ao, accomplishments of merit are

completed. Why must he keep to himselfcompleted. Why must he keep to himselfcompleted. Why must he keep to himselfcompleted. Why must he keep to himself????

9999


好好好好大大大大而而而而不不不不為為為為，，，，大不大大不大大不大大不大矣矣矣矣；；；；好高而好高而好高而好高而不不不不為為為為，，，，高高高高不不不不高矣高矣高矣高矣。。。。

Cultivating Cultivating Cultivating Cultivating If you love the great but do not employ it, If you love the great but do not employ it, If you love the great but do not employ it, If you love the great but do not employ it,

then the great is not great. If you love the then the great is not great. If you love the then the great is not great. If you love the then the great is not great. If you love the

the Self:...:the Self:...:the Self:...:the Self:...: lofty but do not employ it, then the lofty is lofty but do not employ it, then the lofty is lofty but do not employ it, then the lofty is lofty but do not employ it, then the lofty is

not lofty.not lofty.not lofty.not lofty.

10101010


仰仰仰仰天天天天庭庭庭庭而而而而知天下之知天下之知天下之知天下之居居居居卑卑卑卑也哉也哉也哉也哉！！！！



Looking up at Tian's Hall one knows the Looking up at Tian's Hall one knows the Looking up at Tian's Hall one knows the Looking up at Tian's Hall one knows the

lowliness of the world's station.lowliness of the world's station.lowliness of the world's station.lowliness of the world's station.

11111111


公公公公儀儀儀儀子子子子、、、、董董董董仲仲仲仲舒舒舒舒之之之之才才才才之之之之邵邵邵邵也也也也，，，，使使使使見見見見善善善善不明不明不明不明，，，，用用用用心不心不心不心不

剛剛剛剛，，，，儔儔儔儔克克克克爾爾爾爾？？？？



Even with the perfection of GongEven with the perfection of GongEven with the perfection of GongEven with the perfection of Gong Yizi and Yizi and Yizi and Yizi and

Dong Zhongshu's talents, if they had not Dong Zhongshu's talents, if they had not Dong Zhongshu's talents, if they had not Dong Zhongshu's talents, if they had not

distinguished the good clearly, and if they distinguished the good clearly, and if they distinguished the good clearly, and if they distinguished the good clearly, and if they

had not used a steadfast mind, then how could had not used a steadfast mind, then how could had not used a steadfast mind, then how could had not used a steadfast mind, then how could

they have so prevailedthey have so prevailedthey have so prevailedthey have so prevailed????

12121212


或或或或問問問問「「「「仁仁仁仁、、、、義義義義、、、、禮禮禮禮、、、、智智智智、、、、信信信信之之之之用用用用」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰，，，，「「「「仁仁仁仁，，，，宅宅宅宅

也也也也；；；；義義義義，，，，路路路路也也也也；；；；禮禮禮禮，，，，服服服服也也也也；；；；智智智智，，，，燭燭燭燭也也也也：：：：信信信信，，，，符符符符也也也也。。。。

處處處處宅宅宅宅，，，，由路由路由路由路、、、、正正正正服服服服，，，，明燭明燭明燭明燭，，，，執符執符執符執符，，，，君子不動君子不動君子不動君子不動，，，，動動動動斯斯斯斯

得矣得矣得矣得矣。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about the function of ren, yi, Someone asked about the function of ren, yi, Someone asked about the function of ren, yi, Someone asked about the function of ren, yi,

li, wisdom, and trustworthiness.li, wisdom, and trustworthiness.li, wisdom, and trustworthiness.li, wisdom, and trustworthiness.

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: RRRRen is your dwellingen is your dwellingen is your dwellingen is your dwelling;;;; yi is the yi is the yi is the yi is the

roadroadroadroad;;;; li is your clothing li is your clothing li is your clothing li is your clothing;;;; wisdom is a wisdom is a wisdom is a wisdom is a

candlecandlecandlecandle;;;; and trustworthiness is a tally. Live and trustworthiness is a tally. Live and trustworthiness is a tally. Live and trustworthiness is a tally. Live

in the dwelling, walk tin the dwelling, walk tin the dwelling, walk tin the dwelling, walk the road, straighten he road, straighten he road, straighten he road, straighten

your clothing, use the candle to light your your clothing, use the candle to light your your clothing, use the candle to light your your clothing, use the candle to light your

way, and clasp the tally. The junzi is way, and clasp the tally. The junzi is way, and clasp the tally. The junzi is way, and clasp the tally. The junzi is

unmoved, but when he acts, he will succeed.unmoved, but when he acts, he will succeed.unmoved, but when he acts, he will succeed.unmoved, but when he acts, he will succeed.

13131313


有意有意有意有意哉哉哉哉！！！！孟孟孟孟子子子子曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「夫夫夫夫有意有意有意有意而而而而不至不至不至不至者者者者有有有有矣矣矣矣，，，，未未未未有無有無有無有無

意意意意而而而而至至至至者也者也者也者也。。。。」」」」



Have determination! Mengzi said: "Now, there Have determination! Mengzi said: "Now, there Have determination! Mengzi said: "Now, there Have determination! Mengzi said: "Now, there

have been those who were determined but did have been those who were determined but did have been those who were determined but did have been those who were determined but did

not reach the goal, but there has never been not reach the goal, but there has never been not reach the goal, but there has never been not reach the goal, but there has never been

one who was not determined and yet did reach one who was not determined and yet did reach one who was not determined and yet did reach one who was not determined and yet did reach

the goal."the goal."the goal."the goal."

14141414


或或或或問問問問「「「「治治治治己己己己」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「治治治治己己己己以仲尼以仲尼以仲尼以仲尼。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「治治治治

己己己己以仲尼以仲尼以仲尼以仲尼，，，，仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼奚奚奚奚寡寡寡寡也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「率率率率馬馬馬馬以以以以驥驥驥驥，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦

可乎可乎可乎可乎。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「田圃田田圃田田圃田田圃田者者者者莠喬喬莠喬喬莠喬喬莠喬喬，，，，思思思思遠遠遠遠人人人人者者者者心心心心忉忉忉忉

忉忉忉忉。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「日日日日有有有有光光光光，，，，月月月月有明有明有明有明。。。。三年三年三年三年不不不不目目目目日日日日，，，，視必視必視必視必

盲盲盲盲；；；；三年三年三年三年不不不不目目目目月月月月，，，，精必精必精必精必蒙蒙蒙蒙。。。。熒魂曠枯熒魂曠枯熒魂曠枯熒魂曠枯，，，，糟莩曠沈糟莩曠沈糟莩曠沈糟莩曠沈，，，，

擿埴索塗擿埴索塗擿埴索塗擿埴索塗，，，，冥冥冥冥行行行行而已矣而已矣而已矣而已矣。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about governing oneself.Someone asked about governing oneself.Someone asked about governing oneself.Someone asked about governing oneself.

Yangzi said: Govern yourself by using Yangzi said: Govern yourself by using Yangzi said: Govern yourself by using Yangzi said: Govern yourself by using

Confucius as a model.Confucius as a model.Confucius as a model.Confucius as a model.

The other said: 'Govern yourself by using The other said: 'Govern yourself by using The other said: 'Govern yourself by using The other said: 'Govern yourself by using

Confucius as a model.' Confucius as a model.' Confucius as a model.' Confucius as a model.' BBBBut people like ut people like ut people like ut people like

Confucius are rare!Confucius are rare!Confucius are rare!Confucius are rare!

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: UUUUse a good horse to lead other se a good horse to lead other se a good horse to lead other se a good horse to lead other

hohohohorses. Indeed, can this not be donerses. Indeed, can this not be donerses. Indeed, can this not be donerses. Indeed, can this not be done????

The other said: If one plants too large a The other said: If one plants too large a The other said: If one plants too large a The other said: If one plants too large a

field, the weeds grow higher and higher. If field, the weeds grow higher and higher. If field, the weeds grow higher and higher. If field, the weeds grow higher and higher. If

one thinks of those far away, the heart grows one thinks of those far away, the heart grows one thinks of those far away, the heart grows one thinks of those far away, the heart grows

more miserable.more miserable.more miserable.more miserable.

Yangzi said: The sun shines, the moon is Yangzi said: The sun shines, the moon is Yangzi said: The sun shines, the moon is Yangzi said: The sun shines, the moon is

bright. If for three years you bright. If for three years you bright. If for three years you bright. If for three years you do not see the do not see the do not see the do not see the

light of the sun, you will inevitably go light of the sun, you will inevitably go light of the sun, you will inevitably go light of the sun, you will inevitably go

blind. If for three years you do not see the blind. If for three years you do not see the blind. If for three years you do not see the blind. If for three years you do not see the

light of the moon, your spirit will become light of the moon, your spirit will become light of the moon, your spirit will become light of the moon, your spirit will become

obscured. obscured. obscured. obscured. OOOOnce the spirit is withered and nce the spirit is withered and nce the spirit is withered and nce the spirit is withered and

vision has been destroyed, like a blind man vision has been destroyed, like a blind man vision has been destroyed, like a blind man vision has been destroyed, like a blind man

using a walking stick to pusing a walking stick to pusing a walking stick to pusing a walking stick to poke at the ground oke at the ground oke at the ground oke at the ground

to find the road, you simply walk in to find the road, you simply walk in to find the road, you simply walk in to find the road, you simply walk in

darkness.darkness.darkness.darkness.

15151515


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「何如斯謂何如斯謂何如斯謂何如斯謂之人之人之人之人？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「取取取取四重四重四重四重，，，，去去去去四四四四

輕輕輕輕，，，，則可則可則可則可謂謂謂謂之人之人之人之人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何謂何謂何謂何謂四重四重四重四重？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「重重重重

言言言言，，，，重行重行重行重行，，，，重重重重貌貌貌貌，，，，重重重重好好好好。。。。言重則有法言重則有法言重則有法言重則有法，，，，行重則有行重則有行重則有行重則有

德德德德，，，，貌貌貌貌重則有重則有重則有重則有威威威威，，，，好好好好重則有重則有重則有重則有觀觀觀觀。。。。」「」「」「」「敢敢敢敢問四問四問四問四輕輕輕輕。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「言言言言輕輕輕輕則則則則招招招招憂憂憂憂，，，，行行行行輕輕輕輕則則則則招辜招辜招辜招辜，，，，貌貌貌貌輕輕輕輕則則則則招招招招辱辱辱辱，，，，好好好好

輕輕輕輕則則則則招淫招淫招淫招淫。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: What must one do to be called Someone asked: What must one do to be called Someone asked: What must one do to be called Someone asked: What must one do to be called

a mana mana mana man????

Yangzi said: If one adopts the four serious Yangzi said: If one adopts the four serious Yangzi said: If one adopts the four serious Yangzi said: If one adopts the four serious

qualities and leaves behind the four qualities and leaves behind the four qualities and leaves behind the four qualities and leaves behind the four

frivolous qualities, then he may be called a frivolous qualities, then he may be called a frivolous qualities, then he may be called a frivolous qualities, then he may be called a

man.man.man.man.

Someone said: What does one call the four Someone said: What does one call the four Someone said: What does one call the four Someone said: What does one call the four

serious qualitiesserious qualitiesserious qualitiesserious qualities????

Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said: Taking words seriously, taking Taking words seriously, taking Taking words seriously, taking Taking words seriously, taking

actions seriously, taking demeanor seriously, actions seriously, taking demeanor seriously, actions seriously, taking demeanor seriously, actions seriously, taking demeanor seriously,

and taking one's interests seriously. If and taking one's interests seriously. If and taking one's interests seriously. If and taking one's interests seriously. If

one's words are serious, then he has a model. one's words are serious, then he has a model. one's words are serious, then he has a model. one's words are serious, then he has a model.

If oneIf oneIf oneIf one』』』』s actions are serious, then he has s actions are serious, then he has s actions are serious, then he has s actions are serious, then he has

de. If one's demeanor is serious, then he has de. If one's demeanor is serious, then he has de. If one's demeanor is serious, then he has de. If one's demeanor is serious, then he has

majmajmajmajesty. If his interests are serious, then esty. If his interests are serious, then esty. If his interests are serious, then esty. If his interests are serious, then

he has patience.he has patience.he has patience.he has patience.

The other said: May I dare ask about the four The other said: May I dare ask about the four The other said: May I dare ask about the four The other said: May I dare ask about the four

frivolous qualitiesfrivolous qualitiesfrivolous qualitiesfrivolous qualities????

Yangzi said: If words are taken lightly, then Yangzi said: If words are taken lightly, then Yangzi said: If words are taken lightly, then Yangzi said: If words are taken lightly, then

one invites trouble. If behavior is taken one invites trouble. If behavior is taken one invites trouble. If behavior is taken one invites trouble. If behavior is taken

lightly, then one invites faults. If demealightly, then one invites faults. If demealightly, then one invites faults. If demealightly, then one invites faults. If demeanor nor nor nor

is taken lightly, then one invites disgrace. is taken lightly, then one invites disgrace. is taken lightly, then one invites disgrace. is taken lightly, then one invites disgrace.

If interests are taken lightly, then one If interests are taken lightly, then one If interests are taken lightly, then one If interests are taken lightly, then one

invites excess.invites excess.invites excess.invites excess.

16161616

修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 《《《《禮禮禮禮》》》》多儀多儀多儀多儀。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「日日日日昃昃昃昃不不不不食食食食肉肉肉肉，，，，肉肉肉肉必必必必幹幹幹幹；；；；日日日日昃昃昃昃

不不不不飲酒飲酒飲酒飲酒，，，，酒酒酒酒必必必必酸酸酸酸。。。。賓主賓主賓主賓主百百百百拜拜拜拜而而而而酒酒酒酒三三三三行行行行，，，，不不不不已已已已華華華華

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「實實實實無無無無華華華華則則則則野野野野，，，，華華華華無無無無實實實實則則則則賈賈賈賈，，，，華華華華實副實副實副實副則則則則

禮禮禮禮。。。。」」」」



The Li contains many rites.The Li contains many rites.The Li contains many rites.The Li contains many rites.

Someone said: Waiting until evening and still Someone said: Waiting until evening and still Someone said: Waiting until evening and still Someone said: Waiting until evening and still

not eating the meat, the meat inevitably not eating the meat, the meat inevitably not eating the meat, the meat inevitably not eating the meat, the meat inevitably

dries outdries outdries outdries out;;;; waiting until evening and still waiting until evening and still waiting until evening and still waiting until evening and still

not drinking the wine, the wine inevitably not drinking the wine, the wine inevitably not drinking the wine, the wine inevitably not drinking the wine, the wine inevitably

sours. The guest and host's hundred bows and sours. The guest and host's hundred bows and sours. The guest and host's hundred bows and sours. The guest and host's hundred bows and

three toasts of wine, are these not tothree toasts of wine, are these not tothree toasts of wine, are these not tothree toasts of wine, are these not too o o o

extravagantextravagantextravagantextravagant????

Yangzi said: If there is substance without Yangzi said: If there is substance without Yangzi said: If there is substance without Yangzi said: If there is substance without

ornamentation, then it is unrefined. If there ornamentation, then it is unrefined. If there ornamentation, then it is unrefined. If there ornamentation, then it is unrefined. If there

is ornamentation without substance, then it is ornamentation without substance, then it is ornamentation without substance, then it is ornamentation without substance, then it

is like a business transaction. If is like a business transaction. If is like a business transaction. If is like a business transaction. If

ornamentation and substance are paired, then ornamentation and substance are paired, then ornamentation and substance are paired, then ornamentation and substance are paired, then

it is li.it is li.it is li.it is li.

17171717

修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 山山山山雌雌雌雌之之之之肥肥肥肥，，，，其其其其意意意意得得得得乎乎乎乎！！！！或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「回回回回之之之之簞瓢簞瓢簞瓢簞瓢，，，，臞臞臞臞如如如如之之之之

何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明明在明明在明明在明明在上上上上，，，，百百百百官牛官牛官牛官牛羊羊羊羊，，，，亦山亦山亦山亦山雌雌雌雌也也也也。。。。暗暗暗暗

暗暗暗暗在在在在上上上上，，，，簞瓢捽茹簞瓢捽茹簞瓢捽茹簞瓢捽茹，，，，亦山亦山亦山亦山雌雌雌雌也也也也，，，，何其何其何其何其臞臞臞臞？？？？千千千千鈞鈞鈞鈞之之之之

輕輕輕輕，，，，烏烏烏烏獲獲獲獲力力力力也也也也；；；；簞瓢簞瓢簞瓢簞瓢之之之之樂樂樂樂，，，，顏顏顏顏氏氏氏氏德德德德也也也也。。。。」」」」



When the mountain rooster is so plump, has he When the mountain rooster is so plump, has he When the mountain rooster is so plump, has he When the mountain rooster is so plump, has he

not obtained his ambitionnot obtained his ambitionnot obtained his ambitionnot obtained his ambition????

Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: BBBBut Yan Hui, having only one ut Yan Hui, having only one ut Yan Hui, having only one ut Yan Hui, having only one

bowl of rice and one gourd of drink, was bowl of rice and one gourd of drink, was bowl of rice and one gourd of drink, was bowl of rice and one gourd of drink, was

emaciated. What about thatemaciated. What about thatemaciated. What about thatemaciated. What about that????

Yangzi said: When an enlightened ruler is at Yangzi said: When an enlightened ruler is at Yangzi said: When an enlightened ruler is at Yangzi said: When an enlightened ruler is at

the top, governmthe top, governmthe top, governmthe top, government officials are treated to ent officials are treated to ent officials are treated to ent officials are treated to

cattle and sheep, and so obtain their cattle and sheep, and so obtain their cattle and sheep, and so obtain their cattle and sheep, and so obtain their

ambition, just like the mountain rooster. ambition, just like the mountain rooster. ambition, just like the mountain rooster. ambition, just like the mountain rooster.

When a benighted ruler is on top, government When a benighted ruler is on top, government When a benighted ruler is on top, government When a benighted ruler is on top, government

officials get a bowl of rice and a gourd of officials get a bowl of rice and a gourd of officials get a bowl of rice and a gourd of officials get a bowl of rice and a gourd of

drink, or pick wild vegetables, they also drink, or pick wild vegetables, they also drink, or pick wild vegetables, they also drink, or pick wild vegetables, they also

obtain their ambobtain their ambobtain their ambobtain their ambition, just like the mountain ition, just like the mountain ition, just like the mountain ition, just like the mountain

rooster. How can he be emaciatedrooster. How can he be emaciatedrooster. How can he be emaciatedrooster. How can he be emaciated???? The The The The

lightness of a thousand jun lies in Wu Huo's lightness of a thousand jun lies in Wu Huo's lightness of a thousand jun lies in Wu Huo's lightness of a thousand jun lies in Wu Huo's

strength. The happiness of one bowl of food strength. The happiness of one bowl of food strength. The happiness of one bowl of food strength. The happiness of one bowl of food

and one gourd of drink lies in Yan Hui's de.and one gourd of drink lies in Yan Hui's de.and one gourd of drink lies in Yan Hui's de.and one gourd of drink lies in Yan Hui's de.

18181818


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「犁牛犁牛犁牛犁牛之之之之鞹鞹鞹鞹與與與與玄騂玄騂玄騂玄騂之之之之鞹鞹鞹鞹有以有以有以有以異異異異乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「同同同同。。。。」「」「」「」「然則然則然則然則何何何何以不以不以不以不犁犁犁犁也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「將將將將致致致致孝乎孝乎孝乎孝乎鬼鬼鬼鬼

神神神神，，，，不不不不敢敢敢敢以以以以其其其其犁犁犁犁也也也也，，，，如圭如圭如圭如圭刂刂刂刂羊羊羊羊刺豕刺豕刺豕刺豕，，，，罷賓犒罷賓犒罷賓犒罷賓犒師師師師，，，，惡惡惡惡

在在在在其其其其犁犁犁犁不不不不犁犁犁犁也也也也！」！」！」！」



Someone asked: What is the difference between Someone asked: What is the difference between Someone asked: What is the difference between Someone asked: What is the difference between

the leather hide of a plow ox and that of a the leather hide of a plow ox and that of a the leather hide of a plow ox and that of a the leather hide of a plow ox and that of a

black or red oxblack or red oxblack or red oxblack or red ox????

Yangzi said: They are the same.Yangzi said: They are the same.Yangzi said: They are the same.Yangzi said: They are the same.

The other said: If so, then why not use the The other said: If so, then why not use the The other said: If so, then why not use the The other said: If so, then why not use the

plow oxen for sacrificeplow oxen for sacrificeplow oxen for sacrificeplow oxen for sacrifice????

Yangzi said: If you are going to express Yangzi said: If you are going to express Yangzi said: If you are going to express Yangzi said: If you are going to express

filial devotion to the spirits, then you do filial devotion to the spirits, then you do filial devotion to the spirits, then you do filial devotion to the spirits, then you do

not dare use plow oxen. If you kill sheep and not dare use plow oxen. If you kill sheep and not dare use plow oxen. If you kill sheep and not dare use plow oxen. If you kill sheep and

slaughter pigs to entertain guests and feast slaughter pigs to entertain guests and feast slaughter pigs to entertain guests and feast slaughter pigs to entertain guests and feast

the army, tthe army, tthe army, tthe army, then what difference does it make hen what difference does it make hen what difference does it make hen what difference does it make

if you use plow oxen or notif you use plow oxen or notif you use plow oxen or notif you use plow oxen or not????

19191919


有德有德有德有德者好者好者好者好問聖人問聖人問聖人問聖人。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「魯魯魯魯人人人人鮮鮮鮮鮮德德德德，，，，奚其好奚其好奚其好奚其好問仲問仲問仲問仲

尼尼尼尼也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「魯魯魯魯未能好未能好未能好未能好問仲尼問仲尼問仲尼問仲尼故也故也故也故也。。。。如好如好如好如好問仲問仲問仲問仲

尼尼尼尼，，，，則則則則魯魯魯魯作作作作東東東東周周周周矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Those who had de delighted in asking the sage Those who had de delighted in asking the sage Those who had de delighted in asking the sage Those who had de delighted in asking the sage

for instruction.for instruction.for instruction.for instruction.

Someone said: The men who ruled in Lu rarely Someone said: The men who ruled in Lu rarely Someone said: The men who ruled in Lu rarely Someone said: The men who ruled in Lu rarely

had de, how is it that they delighted in had de, how is it that they delighted in had de, how is it that they delighted in had de, how is it that they delighted in

asking Confucius for instasking Confucius for instasking Confucius for instasking Confucius for instructionructionructionruction????

Yangzi said: In fact, none of those who ruled Yangzi said: In fact, none of those who ruled Yangzi said: In fact, none of those who ruled Yangzi said: In fact, none of those who ruled

Lu were able to delight in asking Confucius Lu were able to delight in asking Confucius Lu were able to delight in asking Confucius Lu were able to delight in asking Confucius

for instruction! Had they delighted in asking for instruction! Had they delighted in asking for instruction! Had they delighted in asking for instruction! Had they delighted in asking

Confucius for instruction, then Lu would have Confucius for instruction, then Lu would have Confucius for instruction, then Lu would have Confucius for instruction, then Lu would have

become a Zhou in the East.become a Zhou in the East.become a Zhou in the East.become a Zhou in the East.

20202020


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「人有人有人有人有倚倚倚倚孔子之孔子之孔子之孔子之墻墻墻墻，，，，弦弦弦弦鄭鄭鄭鄭、、、、衛衛衛衛之之之之聲聲聲聲，，，，誦韓誦韓誦韓誦韓、、、、

莊莊莊莊之之之之書書書書，，，，則則則則引引引引諸諸諸諸門門門門乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「在在在在夷貊夷貊夷貊夷貊則則則則引引引引之之之之，，，，倚倚倚倚

門墻門墻門墻門墻則則則則麾麾麾麾之之之之。。。。惜惜惜惜乎乎乎乎衣衣衣衣未未未未成成成成而而而而轉轉轉轉為為為為裳裳裳裳也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: If someone had Someone asked: If someone had Someone asked: If someone had Someone asked: If someone had leaned on leaned on leaned on leaned on

Confucius's wall, strummed the music of Zheng Confucius's wall, strummed the music of Zheng Confucius's wall, strummed the music of Zheng Confucius's wall, strummed the music of Zheng

and Wei, or recited the books of Han Feizi and Wei, or recited the books of Han Feizi and Wei, or recited the books of Han Feizi and Wei, or recited the books of Han Feizi

and Zhuang Zhou, then would he have invited and Zhuang Zhou, then would he have invited and Zhuang Zhou, then would he have invited and Zhuang Zhou, then would he have invited

them to enter his gatethem to enter his gatethem to enter his gatethem to enter his gate????

Yangzi said: If they were barbarians of the Yangzi said: If they were barbarians of the Yangzi said: If they were barbarians of the Yangzi said: If they were barbarians of the

Yi or the Mo, then he would have invited themYi or the Mo, then he would have invited themYi or the Mo, then he would have invited themYi or the Mo, then he would have invited them

in. If they were his neighbors, then he would in. If they were his neighbors, then he would in. If they were his neighbors, then he would in. If they were his neighbors, then he would

have run them off. What a pity, when people have run them off. What a pity, when people have run them off. What a pity, when people have run them off. What a pity, when people

turn to making the robe before the tunic is turn to making the robe before the tunic is turn to making the robe before the tunic is turn to making the robe before the tunic is

complete.complete.complete.complete.

21212121


聖人聖人聖人聖人耳耳耳耳不不不不順順順順乎乎乎乎非非非非，，，，口口口口不不不不肄肄肄肄乎乎乎乎善善善善。。。。賢者賢者賢者賢者耳擇耳擇耳擇耳擇口口口口擇擇擇擇，，，，眾眾眾眾

人無人無人無人無擇擇擇擇焉焉焉焉。。。。或或或或問問問問「「「「眾人眾人眾人眾人」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「富貴富貴富貴富貴生生生生。。。。」「」「」「」「賢賢賢賢

者者者者」？」？」？」？曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「義義義義。。。。」「」「」「」「聖人聖人聖人聖人」？」？」？」？曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「神神神神。。。。」」」」觀觀觀觀乎乎乎乎

賢賢賢賢人人人人，，，，則見眾人則見眾人則見眾人則見眾人；；；；觀觀觀觀乎聖人乎聖人乎聖人乎聖人，，，，則見則見則見則見賢賢賢賢人人人人；；；；觀觀觀觀乎天乎天乎天乎天

地地地地，，，，則見聖人則見聖人則見聖人則見聖人。。。。



The sage's ear does not follow what is false, The sage's ear does not follow what is false, The sage's ear does not follow what is false, The sage's ear does not follow what is false,

nor does his mouth work at sounding good. The nor does his mouth work at sounding good. The nor does his mouth work at sounding good. The nor does his mouth work at sounding good. The

worthy man's ears and mouth must still worthy man's ears and mouth must still worthy man's ears and mouth must still worthy man's ears and mouth must still choose choose choose choose

what he listens to and sayswhat he listens to and sayswhat he listens to and sayswhat he listens to and says;;;; the common man the common man the common man the common man

has no selectivity about these things.has no selectivity about these things.has no selectivity about these things.has no selectivity about these things.

Someone asked: What does the common man Someone asked: What does the common man Someone asked: What does the common man Someone asked: What does the common man

pursuepursuepursuepursue????

Yangzi said: Wealth, honor, long life.Yangzi said: Wealth, honor, long life.Yangzi said: Wealth, honor, long life.Yangzi said: Wealth, honor, long life.

The other said: The worthy manThe other said: The worthy manThe other said: The worthy manThe other said: The worthy man????

Yangzi said: Yi.Yangzi said: Yi.Yangzi said: Yi.Yangzi said: Yi.

The other said: The sageThe other said: The sageThe other said: The sageThe other said: The sage????

YangYangYangYangzi said: Shen (zi said: Shen (zi said: Shen (zi said: Shen (神神神神).).).).

If one observes the worthy, one understands If one observes the worthy, one understands If one observes the worthy, one understands If one observes the worthy, one understands

the common man. If one observes the sage, one the common man. If one observes the sage, one the common man. If one observes the sage, one the common man. If one observes the sage, one

understands the worthy. If one observes understands the worthy. If one observes understands the worthy. If one observes understands the worthy. If one observes

Heaven and Earth, then he understands the Heaven and Earth, then he understands the Heaven and Earth, then he understands the Heaven and Earth, then he understands the


天下有天下有天下有天下有三三三三好好好好：：：：眾人眾人眾人眾人好好好好己己己己從從從從，，，，賢賢賢賢人人人人好好好好己己己己正正正正，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人好好好好己己己己

師師師師。。。。天下有天下有天下有天下有三三三三檢檢檢檢：：：：眾人眾人眾人眾人用用用用家檢家檢家檢家檢，，，，賢賢賢賢人人人人用用用用國國國國檢檢檢檢，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人

用用用用天下天下天下天下檢檢檢檢。。。。天下有天下有天下有天下有三門三門三門三門：：：：由由由由於情於情於情於情慾慾慾慾，，，，入自入自入自入自禽禽禽禽門門門門：：：：由由由由

於禮義於禮義於禮義於禮義，，，，入自入自入自入自人人人人門門門門；；；；由由由由於於於於獨智獨智獨智獨智，，，，入自入自入自入自聖聖聖聖門門門門。。。。

All under Heaven have three loves: The All under Heaven have three loves: The All under Heaven have three loves: The All under Heaven have three loves: The

average man loves to fulfill his own desiresaverage man loves to fulfill his own desiresaverage man loves to fulfill his own desiresaverage man loves to fulfill his own desires;;;;

the worthy man loves to correct himselfthe worthy man loves to correct himselfthe worthy man loves to correct himselfthe worthy man loves to correct himself;;;; the the the the

sage sage sage sage loves to be his own teacher.loves to be his own teacher.loves to be his own teacher.loves to be his own teacher.

All under Heaven have three ways to examine All under Heaven have three ways to examine All under Heaven have three ways to examine All under Heaven have three ways to examine

themselves: The average man uses the themselves: The average man uses the themselves: The average man uses the themselves: The average man uses the

circumstances of his family to examine circumstances of his family to examine circumstances of his family to examine circumstances of his family to examine

himselfhimselfhimselfhimself;;;; the worthy man uses the the worthy man uses the the worthy man uses the the worthy man uses the

circumstances of the state to examine circumstances of the state to examine circumstances of the state to examine circumstances of the state to examine

himselfhimselfhimselfhimself;;;; the sage uses the situation the sage uses the situation the sage uses the situation the sage uses the situation of all of all of all of all

under Heaven to examine himself.under Heaven to examine himself.under Heaven to examine himself.under Heaven to examine himself.

The world has three doors: Coming from The world has three doors: Coming from The world has three doors: Coming from The world has three doors: Coming from

natural desires, one enters from the animal natural desires, one enters from the animal natural desires, one enters from the animal natural desires, one enters from the animal

door. Coming from li and yi, one enters from door. Coming from li and yi, one enters from door. Coming from li and yi, one enters from door. Coming from li and yi, one enters from

the human door. Coming from spiritual wisdom, the human door. Coming from spiritual wisdom, the human door. Coming from spiritual wisdom, the human door. Coming from spiritual wisdom,

one enters from the sage's door.one enters from the sage's door.one enters from the sage's door.one enters from the sage's door.

22222222


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「士士士士何如斯何如斯何如斯何如斯可以可以可以可以禔禔禔禔身身身身？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「其為其為其為其為中中中中也也也也弘弘弘弘

深深深深，，，，其為外也其為外也其為外也其為外也肅括肅括肅括肅括，，，，則可以則可以則可以則可以禔禔禔禔身身身身矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」



Someone asked: What must aSomeone asked: What must aSomeone asked: What must aSomeone asked: What must a shi do to satisfy shi do to satisfy shi do to satisfy shi do to satisfy

himselfhimselfhimselfhimself????

Yangzi said: If inwardly he makes himself Yangzi said: If inwardly he makes himself Yangzi said: If inwardly he makes himself Yangzi said: If inwardly he makes himself

broad and deep, and outwardly makes himself broad and deep, and outwardly makes himself broad and deep, and outwardly makes himself broad and deep, and outwardly makes himself

strict and restrained, then he can be strict and restrained, then he can be strict and restrained, then he can be strict and restrained, then he can be

satisfied.satisfied.satisfied.satisfied.

23232323


君子君子君子君子微微微微慎慎慎慎厥厥厥厥德德德德，，，，悔吝悔吝悔吝悔吝不至不至不至不至，，，，何何何何元憞元憞元憞元憞之有之有之有之有？？？？



The junziThe junziThe junziThe junzi is so extremely cautious about his is so extremely cautious about his is so extremely cautious about his is so extremely cautious about his

de that regrets and distress do not arise. de that regrets and distress do not arise. de that regrets and distress do not arise. de that regrets and distress do not arise.

How can he commit a major offenseHow can he commit a major offenseHow can he commit a major offenseHow can he commit a major offense????

24242424 修身修身修身修身卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 上上上上士之士之士之士之耳耳耳耳訓乎德訓乎德訓乎德訓乎德，，，，下士之下士之下士之下士之耳耳耳耳順順順順乎乎乎乎己己己己。。。。



The superior shi's ears are attuned to deThe superior shi's ears are attuned to deThe superior shi's ears are attuned to deThe superior shi's ears are attuned to de;;;;

common shi's ears are attuned to themselves.common shi's ears are attuned to themselves.common shi's ears are attuned to themselves.common shi's ears are attuned to themselves.

25252525


言不言不言不言不慚慚慚慚，，，，行不行不行不行不恥恥恥恥者者者者，，，，孔子孔子孔子孔子憚憚憚憚焉焉焉焉。。。。



Those whose words were shameful, and whose Those whose words were shameful, and whose Those whose words were shameful, and whose Those whose words were shameful, and whose

actions were disgracefulactions were disgracefulactions were disgracefulactions were disgraceful————Confucius avoided Confucius avoided Confucius avoided Confucius avoided

them.them.them.them.

《《《《問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第四四四四 ---- Asking AboutAsking AboutAsking AboutAsking About the Daothe Daothe Daothe Dao》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「道道道道」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「道道道道也者也者也者也者，，，，通通通通也也也也，，，，無不無不無不無不通通通通也也也也。。。。」」」」

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「可以可以可以可以適適適適它它它它與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「適適適適堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜、、、、文文文文王王王王者者者者

為正為正為正為正道道道道，，，，非堯非堯非堯非堯、、、、舜舜舜舜、、、、文文文文王王王王者為者為者為者為它它它它道道道道。。。。君子君子君子君子正而正而正而正而不不不不

它它它它。。。。」」」」

Asking About Asking About Asking About Asking About

the Dao:...:the Dao:...:the Dao:...:the Dao:...:

Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.

Yangzi said: The Dao is pervasiveYangzi said: The Dao is pervasiveYangzi said: The Dao is pervasiveYangzi said: The Dao is pervasive————there is there is there is there is

nothing it does not penetrate.nothing it does not penetrate.nothing it does not penetrate.nothing it does not penetrate.

The The The The other said: Can it lead in other other said: Can it lead in other other said: Can it lead in other other said: Can it lead in other

directionsdirectionsdirectionsdirections????

Yangzi said: That which leads to Shun, Yao, Yangzi said: That which leads to Shun, Yao, Yangzi said: That which leads to Shun, Yao, Yangzi said: That which leads to Shun, Yao,

and and and and KKKKing Wen is the correct dao. Those which ing Wen is the correct dao. Those which ing Wen is the correct dao. Those which ing Wen is the correct dao. Those which

do not lead to Shun, Yao, and do not lead to Shun, Yao, and do not lead to Shun, Yao, and do not lead to Shun, Yao, and KKKKing Wen are ing Wen are ing Wen are ing Wen are

the other daos. The junzi follows the correct the other daos. The junzi follows the correct the other daos. The junzi follows the correct the other daos. The junzi follows the correct

one and not the others.one and not the others.one and not the others.one and not the others.

2222

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問「「「「道道道道」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「道道道道若若若若塗塗塗塗若川若川若川若川，，，，車車車車航混混航混混航混混航混混，，，，不不不不舍舍舍舍

晝夜晝夜晝夜晝夜。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「焉得焉得焉得焉得直直直直道道道道而而而而由由由由諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「塗塗塗塗雖雖雖雖

曲曲曲曲而而而而通通通通諸諸諸諸夏夏夏夏則則則則由由由由諸諸諸諸，，，，川雖川雖川雖川雖曲曲曲曲而而而而通通通通諸諸諸諸海海海海則則則則由由由由諸諸諸諸。。。。」」」」或或或或

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「事事事事雖雖雖雖曲曲曲曲而而而而通通通通諸聖則諸聖則諸聖則諸聖則由由由由諸乎諸乎諸乎諸乎？」？」？」？」



Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.Someone asked about the Dao.

Yangzi said: The Dao is like a road or a Yangzi said: The Dao is like a road or a Yangzi said: The Dao is like a road or a Yangzi said: The Dao is like a road or a

river. The carts and boats hustle and bustle, river. The carts and boats hustle and bustle, river. The carts and boats hustle and bustle, river. The carts and boats hustle and bustle,

not stopping day ornot stopping day ornot stopping day ornot stopping day or night.night.night.night.

The other said: How does one get on the The other said: How does one get on the The other said: How does one get on the The other said: How does one get on the

straight dao and follow itstraight dao and follow itstraight dao and follow itstraight dao and follow it????

Yangzi said: Although the road is crooked, if Yangzi said: Although the road is crooked, if Yangzi said: Although the road is crooked, if Yangzi said: Although the road is crooked, if

it still reaches the Xia, then follow it. it still reaches the Xia, then follow it. it still reaches the Xia, then follow it. it still reaches the Xia, then follow it.

Although the river is winding, if it still Although the river is winding, if it still Although the river is winding, if it still Although the river is winding, if it still

reaches the ocean, then follow it.reaches the ocean, then follow it.reaches the ocean, then follow it.reaches the ocean, then follow it.

The other saThe other saThe other saThe other said: So although one's affairs may id: So although one's affairs may id: So although one's affairs may id: So although one's affairs may

involve a crooked path, if it still reaches involve a crooked path, if it still reaches involve a crooked path, if it still reaches involve a crooked path, if it still reaches

the sage, then follow itthe sage, then follow itthe sage, then follow itthe sage, then follow it????

3333


道道道道、、、、德德德德、、、、仁仁仁仁、、、、義義義義、、、、禮禮禮禮，，，，譬譬譬譬諸身乎諸身乎諸身乎諸身乎？？？？夫夫夫夫道以道以道以道以導導導導之之之之，，，，德德德德

以以以以得得得得之之之之，，，，仁以人之仁以人之仁以人之仁以人之，，，，義以義以義以義以宜宜宜宜之之之之，，，，禮以禮以禮以禮以體體體體之之之之，，，，天天天天也也也也。。。。

合合合合則則則則渾渾渾渾，，，，離則離則離則離則散散散散，，，，一人一人一人一人而而而而兼兼兼兼統統統統四四四四體體體體者者者者，，，，其其其其身身身身全全全全乎乎乎乎！！！！



The Dao, The Dao, The Dao, The Dao, de, ren, yi, and li can be compared de, ren, yi, and li can be compared de, ren, yi, and li can be compared de, ren, yi, and li can be compared

to one's body. Now, using the Dao to lead itto one's body. Now, using the Dao to lead itto one's body. Now, using the Dao to lead itto one's body. Now, using the Dao to lead it;;;;

using de to complete itusing de to complete itusing de to complete itusing de to complete it;;;; using ren to make it using ren to make it using ren to make it using ren to make it

humanhumanhumanhuman;;;; using yi to make its behavior using yi to make its behavior using yi to make its behavior using yi to make its behavior

appropriateappropriateappropriateappropriate;;;; and using li embody it and using li embody it and using li embody it and using li embody it————this is this is this is this is

Tian. If they are united, then the body is Tian. If they are united, then the body is Tian. If they are united, then the body is Tian. If they are united, then the body is

compcompcompcomplete. If they are separated, then it lete. If they are separated, then it lete. If they are separated, then it lete. If they are separated, then it

falls apart. A person whose four limbs work falls apart. A person whose four limbs work falls apart. A person whose four limbs work falls apart. A person whose four limbs work

togethertogethertogethertogether————his body is complete.his body is complete.his body is complete.his body is complete.

4444

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「德表德表德表德表」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「莫知莫知莫知莫知作作作作，，，，上作上作上作上作下下下下。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問

禮莫知禮莫知禮莫知禮莫知。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「行禮於行禮於行禮於行禮於彼彼彼彼，，，，而而而而民民民民得得得得於於於於此此此此，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其

知知知知！」！」！」！」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「孰若孰若孰若孰若無禮無禮無禮無禮而而而而德德德德？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「禮禮禮禮，，，，體體體體

也也也也。。。。人人人人而而而而無禮無禮無禮無禮，，，，焉焉焉焉以以以以為為為為德德德德？」？」？」？」



Someone asked about the manifestation of Someone asked about the manifestation of Someone asked about the manifestation of Someone asked about the manifestation of

de.de.de.de.

Yangzi said: Nobody is aware of its Yangzi said: Nobody is aware of its Yangzi said: Nobody is aware of its Yangzi said: Nobody is aware of its

influence. When those above act, those belowinfluence. When those above act, those belowinfluence. When those above act, those belowinfluence. When those above act, those below

are influenced.are influenced.are influenced.are influenced.

The other said: May I ask why nobody is aware The other said: May I ask why nobody is aware The other said: May I ask why nobody is aware The other said: May I ask why nobody is aware

of its influenceof its influenceof its influenceof its influence????

Yangzi said: If you put li into practice Yangzi said: If you put li into practice Yangzi said: If you put li into practice Yangzi said: If you put li into practice

there, but the people get the benefits here, there, but the people get the benefits here, there, but the people get the benefits here, there, but the people get the benefits here,

how could they be aware of ithow could they be aware of ithow could they be aware of ithow could they be aware of it????

The other said: What about those who do not The other said: What about those who do not The other said: What about those who do not The other said: What about those who do not

perform li andperform li andperform li andperform li and yet have deyet have deyet have deyet have de????

Yangzi said: Li is the bodily frame. If a Yangzi said: Li is the bodily frame. If a Yangzi said: Li is the bodily frame. If a Yangzi said: Li is the bodily frame. If a

person does not perform li, how can he attain person does not perform li, how can he attain person does not perform li, how can he attain person does not perform li, how can he attain

dededede????

5555


或或或或問問問問「「「「天天天天」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾於天吾於天吾於天吾於天與與與與，，，，見無見無見無見無為為為為之之之之為矣為矣為矣為矣！」！」！」！」

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「雕刻雕刻雕刻雕刻眾眾眾眾形形形形者者者者匪匪匪匪天天天天與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「以以以以其其其其不不不不雕刻雕刻雕刻雕刻

也也也也。。。。如如如如物刻物刻物刻物刻商商商商雕雕雕雕之之之之，，，，焉得焉得焉得焉得力力力力而而而而給給給給諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」



Someone askedSomeone askedSomeone askedSomeone asked about Tian.about Tian.about Tian.about Tian.

Yangzi said: In Tian I see the action of Yangzi said: In Tian I see the action of Yangzi said: In Tian I see the action of Yangzi said: In Tian I see the action of

wuwei.wuwei.wuwei.wuwei.

The other said: The one who cuts and carves The other said: The one who cuts and carves The other said: The one who cuts and carves The other said: The one who cuts and carves

the multitude of forms, is it not Tianthe multitude of forms, is it not Tianthe multitude of forms, is it not Tianthe multitude of forms, is it not Tian????

Yangzi said: Exactly because it does not cut Yangzi said: Exactly because it does not cut Yangzi said: Exactly because it does not cut Yangzi said: Exactly because it does not cut

and carve, the multitude of forms are cut and and carve, the multitude of forms are cut and and carve, the multitude of forms are cut and and carve, the multitude of forms are cut and

carved. If things wecarved. If things wecarved. If things wecarved. If things were cut and carved by re cut and carved by re cut and carved by re cut and carved by

Tian, where could the strength to sustain it Tian, where could the strength to sustain it Tian, where could the strength to sustain it Tian, where could the strength to sustain it

come fromcome fromcome fromcome from????

6666


老老老老子之言道德子之言道德子之言道德子之言道德，，，，吾有吾有吾有吾有取取取取焉焉焉焉耳耳耳耳。。。。及及及及捶提捶提捶提捶提仁義仁義仁義仁義，，，，絕絕絕絕滅滅滅滅禮禮禮禮

學學學學，，，，吾無吾無吾無吾無取取取取焉焉焉焉耳耳耳耳。。。。



As for the Laozi's words about Dao and de, I As for the Laozi's words about Dao and de, I As for the Laozi's words about Dao and de, I As for the Laozi's words about Dao and de, I

have adopted themhave adopted themhave adopted themhave adopted them;;;; as for its attacks on as for its attacks on as for its attacks on as for its attacks on ren ren ren ren

and yi, cutting off li, and doing away with and yi, cutting off li, and doing away with and yi, cutting off li, and doing away with and yi, cutting off li, and doing away with

learning, I have not adopted them.learning, I have not adopted them.learning, I have not adopted them.learning, I have not adopted them.

7777


吾吾吾吾焉焉焉焉開明開明開明開明哉哉哉哉？？？？惟惟惟惟聖人聖人聖人聖人為為為為可以開明可以開明可以開明可以開明，，，，它它它它則則則則苓苓苓苓。。。。大大大大哉哉哉哉聖聖聖聖

人人人人，，，，言之至言之至言之至言之至也也也也。。。。開之開之開之開之廓廓廓廓然見四然見四然見四然見四海海海海，，，，閉閉閉閉之之之之閛閛閛閛然不然不然不然不睹睹睹睹墻墻墻墻

之之之之裏裏裏裏。。。。



How can I enlighten others! How can I enlighten others! How can I enlighten others! How can I enlighten others! OOOOnly the sage is nly the sage is nly the sage is nly the sage is

able to enlighten. able to enlighten. able to enlighten. able to enlighten. OOOOthethethethers only make things rs only make things rs only make things rs only make things

obscure. Great is the sage, his words are the obscure. Great is the sage, his words are the obscure. Great is the sage, his words are the obscure. Great is the sage, his words are the

ultimate! When he opens ultimate! When he opens ultimate! When he opens ultimate! When he opens [[[[the doorthe doorthe doorthe door]]]], you can , you can , you can , you can

see the vastness of everything within the see the vastness of everything within the see the vastness of everything within the see the vastness of everything within the

four oceans. When the door is slammed shut, four oceans. When the door is slammed shut, four oceans. When the door is slammed shut, four oceans. When the door is slammed shut,

you cannot see what is inside the walls of you cannot see what is inside the walls of you cannot see what is inside the walls of you cannot see what is inside the walls of

your own room.your own room.your own room.your own room.

8888


聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言似似似似於於於於水水水水火火火火。。。。或或或或問問問問「「「「水水水水火火火火」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「水水水水，，，，測測測測

之之之之而益而益而益而益深深深深，，，，窮窮窮窮之之之之而益而益而益而益遠遠遠遠；；；；火火火火，，，，用用用用之之之之而而而而彌彌彌彌明明明明，，，，宿宿宿宿之之之之而而而而

彌彌彌彌壯壯壯壯。。。。」」」」



The sage's words are like water and fire.The sage's words are like water and fire.The sage's words are like water and fire.The sage's words are like water and fire.

Someone asked about water and fire.Someone asked about water and fire.Someone asked about water and fire.Someone asked about water and fire.

Yangzi said: As for water, the more you Yangzi said: As for water, the more you Yangzi said: As for water, the more you Yangzi said: As for water, the more you

measure it, the deeper it gets. The more you measure it, the deeper it gets. The more you measure it, the deeper it gets. The more you measure it, the deeper it gets. The more you

trace it to its source, the broader it trace it to its source, the broader it trace it to its source, the broader it trace it to its source, the broader it

becomes. As for fire, the more you use it, becomes. As for fire, the more you use it, becomes. As for fire, the more you use it, becomes. As for fire, the more you use it,

the brighter it gets. The more you build it the brighter it gets. The more you build it the brighter it gets. The more you build it the brighter it gets. The more you build it

up, the more intense it becomes.up, the more intense it becomes.up, the more intense it becomes.up, the more intense it becomes.

9999


允允允允治治治治天下天下天下天下，，，，不不不不待待待待禮禮禮禮文與文與文與文與五五五五教教教教，，，，則吾以則吾以則吾以則吾以黃黃黃黃帝帝帝帝、、、、堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜

為為為為疣贅疣贅疣贅疣贅。。。。



If I were allowed to govern all under Heaven,If I were allowed to govern all under Heaven,If I were allowed to govern all under Heaven,If I were allowed to govern all under Heaven,

but did not use li, wen, and the Five but did not use li, wen, and the Five but did not use li, wen, and the Five but did not use li, wen, and the Five

Teachings, then I would also consider Teachings, then I would also consider Teachings, then I would also consider Teachings, then I would also consider

Huangdi, Yao, and Shun to be tumors and Huangdi, Yao, and Shun to be tumors and Huangdi, Yao, and Shun to be tumors and Huangdi, Yao, and Shun to be tumors and

cysts.cysts.cysts.cysts.

10101010


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「太太太太上上上上無法無法無法無法而治而治而治而治，，，，法法法法非所非所非所非所以以以以為治也為治也為治也為治也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「鴻鴻鴻鴻荒荒荒荒之之之之世世世世，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人惡惡惡惡之之之之，，，，是是是是以法以法以法以法始始始始乎乎乎乎伏伏伏伏犠犠犠犠而而而而成乎成乎成乎成乎

堯堯堯堯，，，，匪匪匪匪伏伏伏伏匪匪匪匪堯堯堯堯，，，，禮義禮義禮義禮義哨哨哨哨哨哨哨哨，，，，聖人不聖人不聖人不聖人不取取取取也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone said: In the primordial past there Someone said: In the primordial past there Someone said: In the primordial past there Someone said: In the primordial past there

were no laws and institutions but yet there were no laws and institutions but yet there were no laws and institutions but yet there were no laws and institutions but yet there

was order. Thus laws and instwas order. Thus laws and instwas order. Thus laws and instwas order. Thus laws and institutions are not itutions are not itutions are not itutions are not

a means to order.a means to order.a means to order.a means to order.

Yangzi said: The sages hated the primeval Yangzi said: The sages hated the primeval Yangzi said: The sages hated the primeval Yangzi said: The sages hated the primeval

time. Thus, laws and institutions were time. Thus, laws and institutions were time. Thus, laws and institutions were time. Thus, laws and institutions were

established by Fu Xi and were completed by established by Fu Xi and were completed by established by Fu Xi and were completed by established by Fu Xi and were completed by

Yao. No Fu, no YaoYao. No Fu, no YaoYao. No Fu, no YaoYao. No Fu, no Yao————li and yi eliminated li and yi eliminated li and yi eliminated li and yi eliminated ————

the sage would not adopt this.the sage would not adopt this.the sage would not adopt this.the sage would not adopt this.

11111111

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「八荒八荒八荒八荒之禮之禮之禮之禮，，，，禮禮禮禮也也也也，，，，樂也樂也樂也樂也，，，，孰是孰是孰是孰是？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰，，，，

「「「「殷殷殷殷之以中國之以中國之以中國之以中國。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「孰為孰為孰為孰為中國中國中國中國？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「五五五五

政之政之政之政之所所所所加加加加，，，，七七七七賦賦賦賦之之之之所養所養所養所養，，，，中於天地中於天地中於天地中於天地者為者為者為者為中國中國中國中國。。。。過過過過此此此此

而往者而往者而往者而往者，，，，人人人人也哉也哉也哉也哉？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: Among the all the world's li, Someone asked: Among the all the world's li, Someone asked: Among the all the world's li, Someone asked: Among the all the world's li,

whose li and music is correctwhose li and music is correctwhose li and music is correctwhose li and music is correct????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: UUUUse the Central se the Central se the Central se the Central KKKKingdom's li to ingdom's li to ingdom's li to ingdom's li to

correct the others.correct the others.correct the others.correct the others.

The other said: Which is the Central The other said: Which is the Central The other said: Which is the Central The other said: Which is the Central KKKKingdomingdomingdomingdom????

Yangzi said: Where the Five Constants of Yangzi said: Where the Five Constants of Yangzi said: Where the Five Constants of Yangzi said: Where the Five Constants of

governance obtain, that which is supported by governance obtain, that which is supported by governance obtain, that which is supported by governance obtain, that which is supported by

the seven taxes, that which is at the center the seven taxes, that which is at the center the seven taxes, that which is at the center the seven taxes, that which is at the center

of Heaven and Earth is the Central of Heaven and Earth is the Central of Heaven and Earth is the Central of Heaven and Earth is the Central KKKKingdom. ingdom. ingdom. ingdom.

As for those who live beyond theseAs for those who live beyond theseAs for those who live beyond theseAs for those who live beyond these borders, borders, borders, borders,

can they even be considered mencan they even be considered mencan they even be considered mencan they even be considered men????

12121212


聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之治治治治天下天下天下天下也也也也，，，，礙礙礙礙諸以禮諸以禮諸以禮諸以禮樂樂樂樂，，，，無則無則無則無則禽禽禽禽，，，，異異異異則則則則貊貊貊貊。。。。

吾見諸子之吾見諸子之吾見諸子之吾見諸子之小小小小禮禮禮禮樂也樂也樂也樂也，，，，不見聖人之不見聖人之不見聖人之不見聖人之小小小小禮禮禮禮樂也樂也樂也樂也。。。。孰孰孰孰有有有有

書書書書不不不不由由由由筆筆筆筆，，，，言不言不言不言不由由由由舌舌舌舌？？？？吾見天吾見天吾見天吾見天常常常常為為為為帝帝帝帝王之王之王之王之筆筆筆筆舌也舌也舌也舌也。。。。



As for the sage's governance of all under As for the sage's governance of all under As for the sage's governance of all under As for the sage's governance of all under

Heaven, he uses li and music as the standard. Heaven, he uses li and music as the standard. Heaven, he uses li and music as the standard. Heaven, he uses li and music as the standard.

If there were nIf there were nIf there were nIf there were no li and music, then people o li and music, then people o li and music, then people o li and music, then people

would be the same as beasts. If li and music would be the same as beasts. If li and music would be the same as beasts. If li and music would be the same as beasts. If li and music

were different, then people would be like the were different, then people would be like the were different, then people would be like the were different, then people would be like the

barbarian tribes of the north. I have seen barbarian tribes of the north. I have seen barbarian tribes of the north. I have seen barbarian tribes of the north. I have seen

philosophers slight li and music, but I have philosophers slight li and music, but I have philosophers slight li and music, but I have philosophers slight li and music, but I have

not seen a sage slight li and music. Who has not seen a sage slight li and music. Who has not seen a sage slight li and music. Who has not seen a sage slight li and music. Who has

writwritwritwritings that are not produced by the brush, ings that are not produced by the brush, ings that are not produced by the brush, ings that are not produced by the brush,

or words that are not produced by the tongueor words that are not produced by the tongueor words that are not produced by the tongueor words that are not produced by the tongue????

I see Heaven's Constants as the brush and I see Heaven's Constants as the brush and I see Heaven's Constants as the brush and I see Heaven's Constants as the brush and

tongue of emperors and kings.tongue of emperors and kings.tongue of emperors and kings.tongue of emperors and kings.

13131313


智智智智也者也者也者也者，，，，知知知知也也也也。。。。夫夫夫夫智智智智用用用用不不不不用用用用，，，，益益益益不不不不益益益益，，，，則不則不則不則不贅虧贅虧贅虧贅虧

矣矣矣矣？？？？



Wisdom requires knowledge. Now with wisdom, Wisdom requires knowledge. Now with wisdom, Wisdom requires knowledge. Now with wisdom, Wisdom requires knowledge. Now with wisdom,

if one puts to use what has previously not if one puts to use what has previously not if one puts to use what has previously not if one puts to use what has previously not

been used, and addsbeen used, and addsbeen used, and addsbeen used, and adds to what has previously to what has previously to what has previously to what has previously

not been added to, then there is neither an not been added to, then there is neither an not been added to, then there is neither an not been added to, then there is neither an

excess nor an insufficiency.excess nor an insufficiency.excess nor an insufficiency.excess nor an insufficiency.

14141414


深深深深知知知知器械器械器械器械、、、、舟舟舟舟車車車車、、、、宮宮宮宮室室室室之之之之為為為為，，，，則禮則禮則禮則禮由由由由已已已已。。。。



If you deeply understand implements, boats, If you deeply understand implements, boats, If you deeply understand implements, boats, If you deeply understand implements, boats,

carts, and dwellings, then li comes naturally carts, and dwellings, then li comes naturally carts, and dwellings, then li comes naturally carts, and dwellings, then li comes naturally

from yourself.from yourself.from yourself.from yourself.

15151515


或或或或問問問問「「「「大大大大聲聲聲聲」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰，，，，「「「「非非非非雷雷雷雷非非非非霆霆霆霆，，，，隱隱耾々隱隱耾々隱隱耾々隱隱耾々，，，，久而久而久而久而

愈愈愈愈盈盈盈盈，，，，屍屍屍屍諸聖諸聖諸聖諸聖。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about the greatest of sounds.Someone asked about the greatest of sounds.Someone asked about the greatest of sounds.Someone asked about the greatest of sounds.

Yangzi said: It is not thunder and lightning. Yangzi said: It is not thunder and lightning. Yangzi said: It is not thunder and lightning. Yangzi said: It is not thunder and lightning.

Deep and deafening, growing fuller and Deep and deafening, growing fuller and Deep and deafening, growing fuller and Deep and deafening, growing fuller and

overflowing the longer it lastsoverflowing the longer it lastsoverflowing the longer it lastsoverflowing the longer it lasts————this sound this sound this sound this sound

is entrusted to the sage!is entrusted to the sage!is entrusted to the sage!is entrusted to the sage!

16161616


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「道有道有道有道有因因因因無無無無因因因因乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「可則可則可則可則因因因因，，，，否否否否則則則則

革革革革。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Is it the Dao to follow Someone asked: Is it the Dao to follow Someone asked: Is it the Dao to follow Someone asked: Is it the Dao to follow

tradition or nottradition or nottradition or nottradition or not????

Yangzi said: If tradition is appropriate, Yangzi said: If tradition is appropriate, Yangzi said: If tradition is appropriate, Yangzi said: If tradition is appropriate,

then fthen fthen fthen follow it. If not, then change it.ollow it. If not, then change it.ollow it. If not, then change it.ollow it. If not, then change it.

17171717


或或或或問問問問「「「「無無無無為為為為」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「奚為哉奚為哉奚為哉奚為哉！！！！在昔虞在昔虞在昔虞在昔虞、、、、夏夏夏夏，，，，襲襲襲襲堯堯堯堯

之之之之爵爵爵爵，，，，行行行行堯堯堯堯之道之道之道之道，，，，法法法法度度度度彰彰彰彰，，，，禮禮禮禮樂樂樂樂著著著著，，，，垂拱垂拱垂拱垂拱而視而視而視而視天下天下天下天下

民之民之民之民之阜阜阜阜也也也也，，，，無無無無為矣為矣為矣為矣。。。。紹桀紹桀紹桀紹桀之後之後之後之後，，，，纂紂纂紂纂紂纂紂之之之之餘餘餘餘，，，，法法法法度度度度

廢廢廢廢，，，，禮禮禮禮樂樂樂樂虧虧虧虧，，，，安坐安坐安坐安坐而視而視而視而視天下民之天下民之天下民之天下民之死死死死，，，，無無無無為平為平為平為平？」？」？」？」



Someone asked about wuwei.Someone asked about wuwei.Someone asked about wuwei.Someone asked about wuwei.

Yangzi said: Why must there be goalYangzi said: Why must there be goalYangzi said: Why must there be goalYangzi said: Why must there be goal----directed directed directed directed

actionactionactionaction???? In antiquity Shun and Yu inherited In antiquity Shun and Yu inherited In antiquity Shun and Yu inherited In antiquity Shun and Yu inherited

Yao's imperial title and practiced Yao's dao. Yao's imperial title and practiced Yao's dao. Yao's imperial title and practiced Yao's dao. Yao's imperial title and practiced Yao's dao.

Laws and standards of measurement were clear, Laws and standards of measurement were clear, Laws and standards of measurement were clear, Laws and standards of measurement were clear,

li and music were established. They let their li and music were established. They let their li and music were established. They let their li and music were established. They let their

hands drop to their sides and hands drop to their sides and hands drop to their sides and hands drop to their sides and watched all watched all watched all watched all

people under Heaven prosperpeople under Heaven prosperpeople under Heaven prosperpeople under Heaven prosper————this was wuwei. this was wuwei. this was wuwei. this was wuwei.

BBBBut as for those who inherited the throne ut as for those who inherited the throne ut as for those who inherited the throne ut as for those who inherited the throne

after Jie and Zhou, when laws were abandoned after Jie and Zhou, when laws were abandoned after Jie and Zhou, when laws were abandoned after Jie and Zhou, when laws were abandoned

and ritual and music were lost, to sit and ritual and music were lost, to sit and ritual and music were lost, to sit and ritual and music were lost, to sit

quietly and watch the death of all people quietly and watch the death of all people quietly and watch the death of all people quietly and watch the death of all people

under Heavenunder Heavenunder Heavenunder Heaven————would this have beewould this have beewould this have beewould this have been wuwein wuwein wuwein wuwei????

18181818

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「太太太太古塗古塗古塗古塗民民民民耳目耳目耳目耳目，，，，惟惟惟惟其其其其見見見見也也也也聞聞聞聞也也也也，，，，見則見則見則見則難難難難

蔽蔽蔽蔽，，，，聞則聞則聞則聞則難難難難塞塞塞塞。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「天之天之天之天之肇肇肇肇降生民降生民降生民降生民，，，，使其使其使其使其目目目目見見見見

耳耳耳耳聞聞聞聞，，，，是是是是以以以以視視視視之禮之禮之禮之禮，，，，聽聽聽聽之之之之樂樂樂樂。。。。如視如視如視如視不禮不禮不禮不禮，，，，聽聽聽聽不不不不樂樂樂樂，，，，

雖雖雖雖有民有民有民有民，，，，焉得而焉得而焉得而焉得而塗塗塗塗諸諸諸諸。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: In primordial past rulers Someone asked: In primordial past rulers Someone asked: In primordial past rulers Someone asked: In primordial past rulers

covered the people's eyes and ears, yet the covered the people's eyes and ears, yet the covered the people's eyes and ears, yet the covered the people's eyes and ears, yet the

people still saw and heard. people still saw and heard. people still saw and heard. people still saw and heard. BBBBecause they saw, ecause they saw, ecause they saw, ecause they saw,

their eyes were difficult to cover. their eyes were difficult to cover. their eyes were difficult to cover. their eyes were difficult to cover. BBBBecause ecause ecause ecause

they heard, their ears were difficult to they heard, their ears were difficult to they heard, their ears were difficult to they heard, their ears were difficult to

block up.block up.block up.block up.

YanYanYanYangzi said: From the time Tian began to give gzi said: From the time Tian began to give gzi said: From the time Tian began to give gzi said: From the time Tian began to give

birth to mankind, it made their eyes able to birth to mankind, it made their eyes able to birth to mankind, it made their eyes able to birth to mankind, it made their eyes able to

see and their ears able to hear. Thus, show see and their ears able to hear. Thus, show see and their ears able to hear. Thus, show see and their ears able to hear. Thus, show

them li and let them hear music.them li and let them hear music.them li and let them hear music.them li and let them hear music.

If you do not show them li and let them hear If you do not show them li and let them hear If you do not show them li and let them hear If you do not show them li and let them hear

music, although you have control over people, music, although you have control over people, music, although you have control over people, music, although you have control over people,

how will you be able to educate themhow will you be able to educate themhow will you be able to educate themhow will you be able to educate them????

19191919


或或或或問問問問「「「「新敝新敝新敝新敝」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「新新新新則則則則襲襲襲襲之之之之，，，，敝敝敝敝則則則則益益益益損損損損之之之之。。。。」」」」


the Daothe Daothe Daothe Dao:...::...::...::...:

Someone asked about the new and the worn out.Someone asked about the new and the worn out.Someone asked about the new and the worn out.Someone asked about the new and the worn out.

Yangzi said: If it is new, then wear it. If Yangzi said: If it is new, then wear it. If Yangzi said: If it is new, then wear it. If Yangzi said: If it is new, then wear it. If

it is worn out, then either improve it or get it is worn out, then either improve it or get it is worn out, then either improve it or get it is worn out, then either improve it or get

rid of it.rid of it.rid of it.rid of it.

This passage resonates with FY:4.16 above and This passage resonates with FY:4.16 above and This passage resonates with FY:4.16 above and This passage resonates with FY:4.16 above and

reflects a pragmatic element in Yang's reflects a pragmatic element in Yang's reflects a pragmatic element in Yang's reflects a pragmatic element in Yang's

thought.thought.thought.thought.

20202020

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「太太太太古古古古德德德德懷懷懷懷不禮不禮不禮不禮懷懷懷懷，，，，嬰兒慕嬰兒慕嬰兒慕嬰兒慕，，，，駒犢從駒犢從駒犢從駒犢從，，，，焉焉焉焉以以以以

禮禮禮禮？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「嬰嬰嬰嬰、、、、犢犢犢犢乎乎乎乎！！！！嬰嬰嬰嬰、、、、犢母犢母犢母犢母懷懷懷懷不不不不父父父父懷懷懷懷。。。。母母母母

懷懷懷懷，，，，愛愛愛愛也也也也：：：：父父父父懷懷懷懷，，，，敬敬敬敬也也也也。。。。獨獨獨獨母母母母而而而而不不不不父父父父，，，，未若未若未若未若父母父母父母父母之之之之

懿懿懿懿也也也也。。。。」」」」


the the the the Dao:...:Dao:...:Dao:...:Dao:...:

Someone asked: Those who live in the Someone asked: Those who live in the Someone asked: Those who live in the Someone asked: Those who live in the

primordial past cherished de and did not primordial past cherished de and did not primordial past cherished de and did not primordial past cherished de and did not

cherish li. Small children are emotionally cherish li. Small children are emotionally cherish li. Small children are emotionally cherish li. Small children are emotionally

attached to their motherattached to their motherattached to their motherattached to their mother;;;; colts and calves colts and calves colts and calves colts and calves

follow their mother. W hen do they use lifollow their mother. W hen do they use lifollow their mother. W hen do they use lifollow their mother. W hen do they use li????

Yangzi said: Children and cattle! ChildrYangzi said: Children and cattle! ChildrYangzi said: Children and cattle! ChildrYangzi said: Children and cattle! Children en en en

and cattle cherish their mothers but do not and cattle cherish their mothers but do not and cattle cherish their mothers but do not and cattle cherish their mothers but do not

cherish their fathers. Cherishing one's cherish their fathers. Cherishing one's cherish their fathers. Cherishing one's cherish their fathers. Cherishing one's

mother is love. Cherishing one's father is mother is love. Cherishing one's father is mother is love. Cherishing one's father is mother is love. Cherishing one's father is

reverence. Cherishing only the mother and not reverence. Cherishing only the mother and not reverence. Cherishing only the mother and not reverence. Cherishing only the mother and not

the father is not as good as cherishing both the father is not as good as cherishing both the father is not as good as cherishing both the father is not as good as cherishing both

mother and father.mother and father.mother and father.mother and father.

21212121

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... ... ... ... :::: 狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐之之之之家家家家曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐之之之之計計計計，，，，不不不不戰戰戰戰而而而而屈屈屈屈人人人人兵兵兵兵，，，，堯舜堯舜堯舜堯舜

也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不戰戰戰戰而而而而屈屈屈屈人人人人兵兵兵兵，，，，堯舜也堯舜也堯舜也堯舜也；；；；沾項沾項沾項沾項漸漸漸漸襟襟襟襟，，，，

堯舜堯舜堯舜堯舜乎乎乎乎。。。。衒衒衒衒玉而玉而玉而玉而賈賈賈賈石石石石者者者者，，，，其其其其狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「狙狙狙狙

詐詐詐詐與與與與亡亡亡亡孰孰孰孰愈愈愈愈？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亡愈亡愈亡愈亡愈。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「子將子將子將子將六六六六師師師師

則則則則誰誰誰誰使使使使？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「禦得其禦得其禦得其禦得其道道道道，，，，則天下則天下則天下則天下狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐咸咸咸咸作使作使作使作使。。。。

禦禦禦禦失失失失其其其其道道道道，，，，則天下則天下則天下則天下狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐咸咸咸咸作作作作敵敵敵敵。。。。故故故故有天下有天下有天下有天下者者者者，，，，審其審其審其審其

禦而已矣禦而已矣禦而已矣禦而已矣！」！」！」！」或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「威震威震威震威震諸諸諸諸侯侯侯侯，，，，須須須須於於於於征征征征與與與與狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐之之之之

力力力力也也也也，，，，如其如其如其如其亡亡亡亡？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「威震威震威震威震諸諸諸諸侯侯侯侯，，，，須須須須於於於於狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐可可可可

也也也也。。。。未若未若未若未若威震威震威震威震諸諸諸諸侯侯侯侯，，，，而而而而不不不不須須須須狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐也也也也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「無無無無

狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐，，，，將將將將何何何何以以以以征征征征乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「縱縱縱縱不不不不得得得得不不不不征征征征，，，，不有不有不有不有

《《《《司司司司馬馬馬馬法法法法》》》》乎乎乎乎？？？？何必何必何必何必狙狙狙狙詐詐詐詐乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」



The tacticians say: The tacticians say: The tacticians say: The tacticians say: BBBBy planning tactics, one y planning tactics, one y planning tactics, one y planning tactics, one

does not have to fight and can reduce the does not have to fight and can reduce the does not have to fight and can reduce the does not have to fight and can reduce the

other's troops to submission. This was the other's troops to submission. This was the other's troops to submission. This was the other's troops to submission. This was the

way of Yao and Shun.way of Yao and Shun.way of Yao and Shun.way of Yao and Shun.

Yangzi said: Not fighting and reducing the Yangzi said: Not fighting and reducing the Yangzi said: Not fighting and reducing the Yangzi said: Not fighting and reducing the

other's troopsother's troopsother's troopsother's troops to submission, this was the to submission, this was the to submission, this was the to submission, this was the

way of Yao and Shun. way of Yao and Shun. way of Yao and Shun. way of Yao and Shun. BBBBut bloodied necks ut bloodied necks ut bloodied necks ut bloodied necks

staining collarsstaining collarsstaining collarsstaining collars————could this have been the could this have been the could this have been the could this have been the

way of Yao and Shunway of Yao and Shunway of Yao and Shunway of Yao and Shun???? BBBBragging about jade but ragging about jade but ragging about jade but ragging about jade but

peddling stonepeddling stonepeddling stonepeddling stone————are these not your "tacticsare these not your "tacticsare these not your "tacticsare these not your "tactics????""""

The other asked: The other asked: The other asked: The other asked: UUUUsing tactics or discarding sing tactics or discarding sing tactics or discarding sing tactics or discarding

themthemthemthem————whichwhichwhichwhich is betteris betteris betteris better????

Yangzi said: Discarding them is better.Yangzi said: Discarding them is better.Yangzi said: Discarding them is better.Yangzi said: Discarding them is better.

The other said: If you led the six armies, The other said: If you led the six armies, The other said: If you led the six armies, The other said: If you led the six armies,

whom would you employwhom would you employwhom would you employwhom would you employ????

Yangzi said: If you lead by following the Yangzi said: If you lead by following the Yangzi said: If you lead by following the Yangzi said: If you lead by following the

Dao, then all the tacticians in the world Dao, then all the tacticians in the world Dao, then all the tacticians in the world Dao, then all the tacticians in the world

will become your envoyswill become your envoyswill become your envoyswill become your envoys;;;; if you lead by if you lead by if you lead by if you lead by

departing fromdeparting fromdeparting fromdeparting from the Dao, then all the the Dao, then all the the Dao, then all the the Dao, then all the

tacticians in the world will become your tacticians in the world will become your tacticians in the world will become your tacticians in the world will become your

enemies. Thus, the ruler of all under Heaven enemies. Thus, the ruler of all under Heaven enemies. Thus, the ruler of all under Heaven enemies. Thus, the ruler of all under Heaven

investigates leadership, and that's all.investigates leadership, and that's all.investigates leadership, and that's all.investigates leadership, and that's all.

The other asked: To threaten the feudal The other asked: To threaten the feudal The other asked: To threaten the feudal The other asked: To threaten the feudal

lords, you must attack! That is the strength lords, you must attack! That is the strength lords, you must attack! That is the strength lords, you must attack! That is the strength

of tactics. How can tof tactics. How can tof tactics. How can tof tactics. How can tactics be discardedactics be discardedactics be discardedactics be discarded????

Yangzi said: "To threaten the feudal lords, Yangzi said: "To threaten the feudal lords, Yangzi said: "To threaten the feudal lords, Yangzi said: "To threaten the feudal lords,

you must use tactics"you must use tactics"you must use tactics"you must use tactics"————this may be so. this may be so. this may be so. this may be so. BBBBut it ut it ut it ut it

is not as good as threatening the feudal is not as good as threatening the feudal is not as good as threatening the feudal is not as good as threatening the feudal

lords without need of tactics.lords without need of tactics.lords without need of tactics.lords without need of tactics.

The other said: Without tactics, how can a The other said: Without tactics, how can a The other said: Without tactics, how can a The other said: Without tactics, how can a

general attackgeneral attackgeneral attackgeneral attack????

Yangzi said: EvYangzi said: EvYangzi said: EvYangzi said: Even if he cannot but attack, en if he cannot but attack, en if he cannot but attack, en if he cannot but attack,

does he not have the Sima fadoes he not have the Sima fadoes he not have the Sima fadoes he not have the Sima fa???? Why are tactics Why are tactics Why are tactics Why are tactics

necessarynecessarynecessarynecessary????

22222222


申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓之之之之術術術術，，，，不仁之至不仁之至不仁之至不仁之至矣矣矣矣，，，，若何若何若何若何牛牛牛牛羊羊羊羊之之之之用用用用人人人人也也也也？？？？若若若若

牛牛牛牛羊羊羊羊用用用用人人人人，，，，則則則則狐狐狐狐貍貍貍貍、、、、螻蚓螻蚓螻蚓螻蚓不不不不膢臘膢臘膢臘膢臘也與也與也與也與？？？？或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「刀刀刀刀

不不不不利利利利，，，，筆筆筆筆不不不不銛銛銛銛，，，，而而而而獨獨獨獨加加加加諸諸諸諸砥砥砥砥，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦可乎可乎可乎可乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「人人人人砥砥砥砥，，，，則則則則秦秦秦秦尚尚尚尚矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」



The methods of Shen The methods of Shen The methods of Shen The methods of Shen BBBBuhai and Han Feizi uhai and Han Feizi uhai and Han Feizi uhai and Han Feizi were were were were

the ultimate of inhumaneness. How can one use the ultimate of inhumaneness. How can one use the ultimate of inhumaneness. How can one use the ultimate of inhumaneness. How can one use

people like cattle and sheeppeople like cattle and sheeppeople like cattle and sheeppeople like cattle and sheep???? If one uses If one uses If one uses If one uses

them as cattle and sheep, then do foxes, them as cattle and sheep, then do foxes, them as cattle and sheep, then do foxes, them as cattle and sheep, then do foxes,

crickets, and earthworms not become the crickets, and earthworms not become the crickets, and earthworms not become the crickets, and earthworms not become the

recipients of the lou and winter recipients of the lou and winter recipients of the lou and winter recipients of the lou and winter

sacrificessacrificessacrificessacrifices????

The other said: If a knife or brush The other said: If a knife or brush The other said: If a knife or brush The other said: If a knife or brush is not is not is not is not

sharp, then you just put it to the sharp, then you just put it to the sharp, then you just put it to the sharp, then you just put it to the

grindstone. Is that not acceptablegrindstone. Is that not acceptablegrindstone. Is that not acceptablegrindstone. Is that not acceptable????

Yangzi said: If putting people to the Yangzi said: If putting people to the Yangzi said: If putting people to the Yangzi said: If putting people to the

grindstone were acceptable, then the Qin were grindstone were acceptable, then the Qin were grindstone were acceptable, then the Qin were grindstone were acceptable, then the Qin were

the best at it!the best at it!the best at it!the best at it!

23232323

問道問道問道問道卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「刑刑刑刑名名名名非非非非道道道道邪邪邪邪？？？？何何何何自自自自然然然然也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何必何必何必何必刑刑刑刑

名名名名，，，，圍圍圍圍棋棋棋棋、、、、擊擊擊擊劍劍劍劍、、、、反反反反目目目目、、、、眩形眩形眩形眩形，，，，亦亦亦亦皆自皆自皆自皆自然然然然也也也也。。。。由由由由其其其其

大大大大者作正者作正者作正者作正道道道道，，，，由由由由其小者作其小者作其小者作其小者作奸奸奸奸道道道道。。。。」」」」



Someone said: If the study of forms and names Someone said: If the study of forms and names Someone said: If the study of forms and names Someone said: If the study of forms and names

does not accord with the Dao, why is it so does not accord with the Dao, why is it so does not accord with the Dao, why is it so does not accord with the Dao, why is it so

naturalnaturalnaturalnatural????

Yangzi said: Why must it be forms and namesYangzi said: Why must it be forms and namesYangzi said: Why must it be forms and namesYangzi said: Why must it be forms and names????

Chess, fencing, acrobatics, and magic are all Chess, fencing, acrobatics, and magic are all Chess, fencing, acrobatics, and magic are all Chess, fencing, acrobatics, and magic are all

「「「「natural." Seeking the natural natural." Seeking the natural natural." Seeking the natural natural." Seeking the natural from the from the from the from the

great is the correct daogreat is the correct daogreat is the correct daogreat is the correct dao;;;; seeking it from the seeking it from the seeking it from the seeking it from the

petty is the crooked dao.petty is the crooked dao.petty is the crooked dao.petty is the crooked dao.

24242424


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓之法之法之法之法非非非非法法法法與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「法法法法者者者者，，，，謂謂謂謂

唐唐唐唐、、、、虞虞虞虞、、、、成周之法成周之法成周之法成周之法也也也也。。。。如如如如申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓！！！！如如如如申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓！」！」！」！」



Someone asked: Were the laws and institutions Someone asked: Were the laws and institutions Someone asked: Were the laws and institutions Someone asked: Were the laws and institutions

of Shen of Shen of Shen of Shen BBBBuhai and Han Feizi not a modeluhai and Han Feizi not a modeluhai and Han Feizi not a modeluhai and Han Feizi not a model????

Yangzi said: "Model" refers to the laws and Yangzi said: "Model" refers to the laws and Yangzi said: "Model" refers to the laws and Yangzi said: "Model" refers to the laws and

institutions of Yao, Yu Shun, Cheng Tang, and institutions of Yao, Yu Shun, Cheng Tang, and institutions of Yao, Yu Shun, Cheng Tang, and institutions of Yao, Yu Shun, Cheng Tang, and

the Dukethe Dukethe Dukethe Duke of Zhou. How could it refer to Shen of Zhou. How could it refer to Shen of Zhou. How could it refer to Shen of Zhou. How could it refer to Shen

BBBBuhai and Han Feiziuhai and Han Feiziuhai and Han Feiziuhai and Han Feizi????

25252525


莊莊莊莊周周周周、、、、申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓不乖寡聖人不乖寡聖人不乖寡聖人不乖寡聖人而漸而漸而漸而漸諸諸諸諸篇篇篇篇，，，，則顏則顏則顏則顏氏氏氏氏之子之子之子之子、、、、

閔閔閔閔氏氏氏氏之之之之孫孫孫孫其如其如其如其如臺臺臺臺。。。。



If Zhuang Zhou, Shen If Zhuang Zhou, Shen If Zhuang Zhou, Shen If Zhuang Zhou, Shen BBBBuhai, and Han Feizi had uhai, and Han Feizi had uhai, and Han Feizi had uhai, and Han Feizi had

not contradicted and made light of the not contradicted and made light of the not contradicted and made light of the not contradicted and made light of the sages, sages, sages, sages,

but rather had immersed themselves in their but rather had immersed themselves in their but rather had immersed themselves in their but rather had immersed themselves in their

chapters, how would even Yan Yuan and Min chapters, how would even Yan Yuan and Min chapters, how would even Yan Yuan and Min chapters, how would even Yan Yuan and Min

Ziqian surpassed themZiqian surpassed themZiqian surpassed themZiqian surpassed them????

26262626


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「莊莊莊莊周有周有周有周有取取取取乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「少欲少欲少欲少欲。。。。」「」「」「」「鄒衍鄒衍鄒衍鄒衍有有有有

取取取取乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「自自自自持持持持。。。。至周罔君臣之義至周罔君臣之義至周罔君臣之義至周罔君臣之義，，，，衍衍衍衍無知於無知於無知於無知於

天地之天地之天地之天地之間間間間，，，，雖雖雖雖鄰鄰鄰鄰不不不不覿也覿也覿也覿也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Can anything be learned from Someone asked: Can anything be learned from Someone asked: Can anything be learned from Someone asked: Can anything be learned from

Zhuang ZhouZhuang ZhouZhuang ZhouZhuang Zhou????

Yangzi said: Make one's desires few.Yangzi said: Make one's desires few.Yangzi said: Make one's desires few.Yangzi said: Make one's desires few.

Can anything be learned fromCan anything be learned fromCan anything be learned fromCan anything be learned from Zou YanZou YanZou YanZou Yan????

Yangzi said: SelfYangzi said: SelfYangzi said: SelfYangzi said: Self----control. As for Zhou control. As for Zhou control. As for Zhou control. As for Zhou

lacking the yi of rulers and subjects, and lacking the yi of rulers and subjects, and lacking the yi of rulers and subjects, and lacking the yi of rulers and subjects, and

Yan's ignorance of what lies between Heaven Yan's ignorance of what lies between Heaven Yan's ignorance of what lies between Heaven Yan's ignorance of what lies between Heaven

and Earth, even if I were their neighbor, I and Earth, even if I were their neighbor, I and Earth, even if I were their neighbor, I and Earth, even if I were their neighbor, I

would not visit them.would not visit them.would not visit them.would not visit them.

《《《《問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第五五五五 ---- Asking About ShenAsking About ShenAsking About ShenAsking About Shen》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「神神神神」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「心心心心。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問之問之問之問之。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「潛潛潛潛天天天天

而而而而天天天天，，，，潛潛潛潛地地地地而而而而地地地地。。。。天地天地天地天地，，，，神明神明神明神明而而而而不測不測不測不測者也者也者也者也。。。。心之心之心之心之潛潛潛潛

也也也也，，，，猶猶猶猶將測之將測之將測之將測之，，，，況況況況於人乎於人乎於人乎於人乎？？？？況況況況於事倫乎於事倫乎於事倫乎於事倫乎？」「？」「？」「？」「敢敢敢敢問問問問潛潛潛潛

心於聖心於聖心於聖心於聖。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔乎昔乎昔乎昔乎，，，，仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼潛潛潛潛心於心於心於心於文文文文王王王王矣矣矣矣，，，，達達達達之之之之；；；；

顏淵顏淵顏淵顏淵亦亦亦亦潛潛潛潛心於仲尼心於仲尼心於仲尼心於仲尼矣矣矣矣，，，，未未未未達達達達一一一一間間間間耳耳耳耳。。。。神在神在神在神在所所所所潛潛潛潛而已而已而已而已

矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」


Shen:Shen:Shen:Shen:

Someone asked about shen.Someone asked about shen.Someone asked about shen.Someone asked about shen.

Yangzi said: It is a matter of using the xin.Yangzi said: It is a matter of using the xin.Yangzi said: It is a matter of using the xin.Yangzi said: It is a matter of using the xin.

May I ask about itMay I ask about itMay I ask about itMay I ask about it????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Immerse yourself in Heaven, and Immerse yourself in Heaven, and Immerse yourself in Heaven, and Immerse yourself in Heaven, and

you will understand Heaven. Immerse yourself you will understand Heaven. Immerse yourself you will understand Heaven. Immerse yourself you will understand Heaven. Immerse yourself

in Earth, and you will understand Earth. in Earth, and you will understand Earth. in Earth, and you will understand Earth. in Earth, and you will understand Earth.

Heaven and Earth are the unfathomable Heaven and Earth are the unfathomable Heaven and Earth are the unfathomable Heaven and Earth are the unfathomable

daimonic, but once the xin is immersed in daimonic, but once the xin is immersed in daimonic, but once the xin is immersed in daimonic, but once the xin is immersed in

them, then one may fathom them. How much more them, then one may fathom them. How much more them, then one may fathom them. How much more them, then one may fathom them. How much more

so with menso with menso with menso with men???? How much more so with the How much more so with the How much more so with the How much more so with the

principles of worldly affairsprinciples of worldly affairsprinciples of worldly affairsprinciples of worldly affairs????

May I dare ask about immersing the xin in May I dare ask about immersing the xin in May I dare ask about immersing the xin in May I dare ask about immersing the xin in

sagehoodsagehoodsagehoodsagehood????

Yangzi said: In the past, Confucius immersed Yangzi said: In the past, Confucius immersed Yangzi said: In the past, Confucius immersed Yangzi said: In the past, Confucius immersed

himself in himself in himself in himself in KKKKing Wen, and he reached him. Yan ing Wen, and he reached him. Yan ing Wen, and he reached him. Yan ing Wen, and he reached him. Yan

Yuan also immersed himself in Confucius, and Yuan also immersed himself in Confucius, and Yuan also immersed himself in Confucius, and Yuan also immersed himself in Confucius, and

failed to rfailed to rfailed to rfailed to reach him only by a little bit. Shen each him only by a little bit. Shen each him only by a little bit. Shen each him only by a little bit. Shen

simply lies in immersion and that's all.simply lies in immersion and that's all.simply lies in immersion and that's all.simply lies in immersion and that's all.

2222

問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

天神天明天神天明天神天明天神天明，，，，照照照照知四方知四方知四方知四方。。。。天天天天精精精精天天天天粹粹粹粹，，，，萬萬萬萬物物物物作類作類作類作類。。。。



Heaven's daimon, Heaven's clarityHeaven's daimon, Heaven's clarityHeaven's daimon, Heaven's clarityHeaven's daimon, Heaven's clarity————

Illuminate and understand the four corners of Illuminate and understand the four corners of Illuminate and understand the four corners of Illuminate and understand the four corners of

the world. Heaven's essence, Heaven's puritythe world. Heaven's essence, Heaven's puritythe world. Heaven's essence, Heaven's puritythe world. Heaven's essence, Heaven's purity————

The myriad things arise in all their types.The myriad things arise in all their types.The myriad things arise in all their types.The myriad things arise in all their types.

3333


人心人心人心人心其其其其神神神神矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫？？？？操操操操則則則則存存存存，，，，舍舍舍舍則則則則亡亡亡亡。。。。能能能能常常常常操操操操而而而而存存存存者者者者，，，，其其其其

惟惟惟惟聖人乎聖人乎聖人乎聖人乎？？？？



Is man's xin not daimonIs man's xin not daimonIs man's xin not daimonIs man's xin not daimon----likelikelikelike???? If you hold onto If you hold onto If you hold onto If you hold onto

it, then it abides. If you let go of it, it is it, then it abides. If you let go of it, it is it, then it abides. If you let go of it, it is it, then it abides. If you let go of it, it is

gone. gone. gone. gone. OOOOne who is able constantly to hold onto ne who is able constantly to hold onto ne who is able constantly to hold onto ne who is able constantly to hold onto

it and allow it to abide, he alone is a sage!it and allow it to abide, he alone is a sage!it and allow it to abide, he alone is a sage!it and allow it to abide, he alone is a sage!

4444


聖人聖人聖人聖人存存存存神神神神索索索索至至至至，，，，成天下之大成天下之大成天下之大成天下之大順順順順，，，，致致致致天下之大天下之大天下之大天下之大利利利利，，，，和和和和同同同同

天人之天人之天人之天人之際際際際，，，，使使使使之無之無之無之無間間間間也也也也。。。。龍龍龍龍蟠蟠蟠蟠於於於於泥泥泥泥，，，，蚖蚖蚖蚖其其其其肆肆肆肆矣矣矣矣。。。。蚖蚖蚖蚖

哉哉哉哉，，，，蚖蚖蚖蚖哉哉哉哉！！！！惡睹惡睹惡睹惡睹龍龍龍龍之之之之誌誌誌誌也與也與也與也與！！！！



The sage preserves shen and seeks out the The sage preserves shen and seeks out the The sage preserves shen and seeks out the The sage preserves shen and seeks out the

ultimate, completes the world's great peace, ultimate, completes the world's great peace, ultimate, completes the world's great peace, ultimate, completes the world's great peace,

brings about great prosperity for the world, brings about great prosperity for the world, brings about great prosperity for the world, brings about great prosperity for the world,

and bridges the division between and bridges the division between and bridges the division between and bridges the division between Tian and Tian and Tian and Tian and

mankind, making them without separation.mankind, making them without separation.mankind, making them without separation.mankind, making them without separation.

5555


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「龍龍龍龍必欲必欲必欲必欲飛飛飛飛天乎天乎天乎天乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「時飛時飛時飛時飛則則則則飛飛飛飛，，，，時潛時潛時潛時潛則則則則

潛潛潛潛，，，，既飛既飛既飛既飛且且且且潛潛潛潛，，，，食其食其食其食其不不不不妄妄妄妄。。。。形形形形其其其其不可不可不可不可得而得而得而得而制制制制也與也與也與也與？」？」？」？」



When the dragon curls up in the mud, the When the dragon curls up in the mud, the When the dragon curls up in the mud, the When the dragon curls up in the mud, the

lizard runs wild. The lizard! The lizard!lizard runs wild. The lizard! The lizard!lizard runs wild. The lizard! The lizard!lizard runs wild. The lizard! The lizard!

How can he understand the dragon's intentionHow can he understand the dragon's intentionHow can he understand the dragon's intentionHow can he understand the dragon's intention????

The other said: The dragon inevitably wants to The other said: The dragon inevitably wants to The other said: The dragon inevitably wants to The other said: The dragon inevitably wants to

fly to fly to fly to fly to Heaven, does he notHeaven, does he notHeaven, does he notHeaven, does he not????

Yangzi said: When it's time to fly, then he Yangzi said: When it's time to fly, then he Yangzi said: When it's time to fly, then he Yangzi said: When it's time to fly, then he

flies. When it's time to hide, then he hides. flies. When it's time to hide, then he hides. flies. When it's time to hide, then he hides. flies. When it's time to hide, then he hides.

Flying and hiding, he does not eat carelessly, Flying and hiding, he does not eat carelessly, Flying and hiding, he does not eat carelessly, Flying and hiding, he does not eat carelessly,

and his form cannot be grasped and restrained.and his form cannot be grasped and restrained.and his form cannot be grasped and restrained.and his form cannot be grasped and restrained.

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人不聖人不聖人不聖人不制制制制，，，，則則則則何為何為何為何為乎乎乎乎羑裏羑裏羑裏羑裏？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「龍龍龍龍以不以不以不以不制制制制

為為為為龍龍龍龍，，，，聖人以不聖人以不聖人以不聖人以不手手手手為為為為聖人聖人聖人聖人。。。。」」」」

The other said: If the sage cannot be The other said: If the sage cannot be The other said: If the sage cannot be The other said: If the sage cannot be

restrained, then how was restrained, then how was restrained, then how was restrained, then how was KKKKing Wen imprisoned ing Wen imprisoned ing Wen imprisoned ing Wen imprisoned

at Youliat Youliat Youliat Youli????

Yangzi said: The dragon is a dragon because he Yangzi said: The dragon is a dragon because he Yangzi said: The dragon is a dragon because he Yangzi said: The dragon is a dragon because he

is not restrained. The sage is a sageis not restrained. The sage is a sageis not restrained. The sage is a sageis not restrained. The sage is a sage because because because because

he does not grasp onto only one alternative.he does not grasp onto only one alternative.he does not grasp onto only one alternative.he does not grasp onto only one alternative.

6666


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「經可經可經可經可損損損損益與益與益與益與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「《《《《易易易易》》》》始八卦始八卦始八卦始八卦，，，，而文而文而文而文

王王王王六六六六十十十十四四四四，，，，其益其益其益其益可知可知可知可知也也也也。《。《。《。《詩詩詩詩》、《》、《》、《》、《書書書書》、《》、《》、《》、《禮禮禮禮》、》、》、》、

《《《《春秋春秋春秋春秋》，》，》，》，或或或或因因因因或作而或作而或作而或作而成於仲尼成於仲尼成於仲尼成於仲尼，，，，其益其益其益其益可知可知可知可知也也也也。。。。故夫故夫故夫故夫

道道道道非非非非天然天然天然天然，，，，應時應時應時應時而而而而造造造造者者者者，，，，損損損損益益益益可知可知可知可知也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Can the Classics be edited or Someone asked: Can the Classics be edited or Someone asked: Can the Classics be edited or Someone asked: Can the Classics be edited or

added toadded toadded toadded to????

Yangzi said: The Yijing began with eight Yangzi said: The Yijing began with eight Yangzi said: The Yijing began with eight Yangzi said: The Yijing began with eight

trigrams, and trigrams, and trigrams, and trigrams, and KKKKing Wen created the sixtying Wen created the sixtying Wen created the sixtying Wen created the sixty----four four four four

hexagrams. What was added can be known. As hexagrams. What was added can be known. As hexagrams. What was added can be known. As hexagrams. What was added can be known. As for for for for

the the the the BBBBook of Songs, ook of Songs, ook of Songs, ook of Songs, BBBBook of Documents, ook of Documents, ook of Documents, ook of Documents, BBBBook of ook of ook of ook of

RRRRites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals, some ites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals, some ites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals, some ites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals, some

were based on earlier versions, some were were based on earlier versions, some were were based on earlier versions, some were were based on earlier versions, some were

original works, but all were completed by original works, but all were completed by original works, but all were completed by original works, but all were completed by

Confucius. What was added can be known. Thus, Confucius. What was added can be known. Thus, Confucius. What was added can be known. Thus, Confucius. What was added can be known. Thus,

the Dao is not Heaventhe Dao is not Heaventhe Dao is not Heaventhe Dao is not Heaven----sosososo;;;; it i it i it i it is built of s built of s built of s built of

responses to the times. Its emendations and responses to the times. Its emendations and responses to the times. Its emendations and responses to the times. Its emendations and

additions can be known.additions can be known.additions can be known.additions can be known.

7777

問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「《《《《易易易易》》》》損損損損其其其其一一一一也也也也，，，，雖雖雖雖憃憃憃憃知知知知闕闕闕闕焉焉焉焉。。。。至至至至《《《《書書書書》》》》之之之之

不不不不備備備備過過過過半半半半矣矣矣矣，，，，而習者而習者而習者而習者不知不知不知不知，，，，惜惜惜惜乎乎乎乎《《《《書書書書》》》》序之不序之不序之不序之不如如如如

《《《《易易易易》》》》也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「彼彼彼彼數數數數也也也也，，，，可可可可數數數數焉故也焉故也焉故也焉故也。。。。如如如如《《《《書書書書》》》》

序序序序，，，，雖雖雖雖孔子孔子孔子孔子末末末末如如如如之之之之何矣何矣何矣何矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: When the Yijing is missing a Someone said: When the Yijing is missing a Someone said: When the Yijing is missing a Someone said: When the Yijing is missing a

single hexagram, even if you are stupid, you single hexagram, even if you are stupid, you single hexagram, even if you are stupid, you single hexagram, even if you are stupid, you

know it is missing something. know it is missing something. know it is missing something. know it is missing something. BBBBut the ut the ut the ut the BBBBook of ook of ook of ook of

Documents does not provide over half the Documents does not provide over half the Documents does not provide over half the Documents does not provide over half the text, text, text, text,

and even those who study it do not know what and even those who study it do not know what and even those who study it do not know what and even those who study it do not know what

is missing. It's a pity that the preface to is missing. It's a pity that the preface to is missing. It's a pity that the preface to is missing. It's a pity that the preface to

the the the the BBBBook of Documents is not as good as that ook of Documents is not as good as that ook of Documents is not as good as that ook of Documents is not as good as that

of the Yijing.of the Yijing.of the Yijing.of the Yijing.

Yangzi said: The Yijing is for calculations. Yangzi said: The Yijing is for calculations. Yangzi said: The Yijing is for calculations. Yangzi said: The Yijing is for calculations.

That is the reason the hexagrams can be That is the reason the hexagrams can be That is the reason the hexagrams can be That is the reason the hexagrams can be

counted. If the counted. If the counted. If the counted. If the YijingYijingYijingYijing』』』』s preface were like s preface were like s preface were like s preface were like

the preface to the the preface to the the preface to the the preface to the BBBBook of Documents, even ook of Documents, even ook of Documents, even ook of Documents, even

Confucius would not know what to do with it.Confucius would not know what to do with it.Confucius would not know what to do with it.Confucius would not know what to do with it.

8888


昔之昔之昔之昔之說說說說《《《《書書書書》》》》者者者者，，，，序以百序以百序以百序以百，，，，而而而而《《《《酒誥酒誥酒誥酒誥》》》》之之之之篇俄篇俄篇俄篇俄空焉空焉空焉空焉。。。。

今今今今亡亡亡亡夫夫夫夫！！！！



Those in the past who transmitted the Those in the past who transmitted the Those in the past who transmitted the Those in the past who transmitted the BBBBooooooook of k of k of k of

Documents arranged it in one hundred chapters. Documents arranged it in one hundred chapters. Documents arranged it in one hundred chapters. Documents arranged it in one hundred chapters.

And then suddenly the "Admonition on Wine" had And then suddenly the "Admonition on Wine" had And then suddenly the "Admonition on Wine" had And then suddenly the "Admonition on Wine" had

parts missing. Now they are gone!parts missing. Now they are gone!parts missing. Now they are gone!parts missing. Now they are gone!

9999


虞虞虞虞、、、、夏夏夏夏之之之之書書書書渾渾渾渾渾渾渾渾爾爾爾爾，《，《，《，《商商商商書書書書》》》》灝灝灝灝灝灝灝灝爾爾爾爾，《，《，《，《周周周周書書書書》》》》噩噩噩噩噩噩噩噩

爾爾爾爾。。。。下周下周下周下周者者者者，，，，其書其書其書其書譙譙譙譙乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」



The documents of Shun and the Xia are The documents of Shun and the Xia are The documents of Shun and the Xia are The documents of Shun and the Xia are

straightforward, the Documents of Shang is straightforward, the Documents of Shang is straightforward, the Documents of Shang is straightforward, the Documents of Shang is

broadbroadbroadbroad----minded, and the Documents of Zhou very minded, and the Documents of Zhou very minded, and the Documents of Zhou very minded, and the Documents of Zhou very

serious. serious. serious. serious. BBBBut as for those who came after the ut as for those who came after the ut as for those who came after the ut as for those who came after the

Zhou, their documents were vulgar.Zhou, their documents were vulgar.Zhou, their documents were vulgar.Zhou, their documents were vulgar.

10101010


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「聖人之經不可聖人之經不可聖人之經不可聖人之經不可使易使易使易使易知知知知與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不可不可不可不可。。。。天天天天

俄俄俄俄而而而而可可可可度度度度，，，，則則則則其其其其覆覆覆覆物物物物也也也也淺淺淺淺矣矣矣矣。。。。地地地地俄俄俄俄而而而而可測可測可測可測，，，，則則則則其其其其載載載載物物物物

也也也也薄薄薄薄矣矣矣矣。。。。大大大大哉哉哉哉，，，，天地之天地之天地之天地之為為為為萬萬萬萬物郭物郭物郭物郭，，，，五經之五經之五經之五經之為為為為眾眾眾眾說說說說

郛郛郛郛。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Can the sage's Classics be made Someone asked: Can the sage's Classics be made Someone asked: Can the sage's Classics be made Someone asked: Can the sage's Classics be made

easy to understandeasy to understandeasy to understandeasy to understand????

Yangzi said: It is not possible. If Heaven Yangzi said: It is not possible. If Heaven Yangzi said: It is not possible. If Heaven Yangzi said: It is not possible. If Heaven

could be measured instantly then it would be could be measured instantly then it would be could be measured instantly then it would be could be measured instantly then it would be

only a shonly a shonly a shonly a shallow cover over the world of things. allow cover over the world of things. allow cover over the world of things. allow cover over the world of things.

If Earth could be fathomed instantly, then it If Earth could be fathomed instantly, then it If Earth could be fathomed instantly, then it If Earth could be fathomed instantly, then it

would be a thin support for the world of would be a thin support for the world of would be a thin support for the world of would be a thin support for the world of

things. things. things. things. BBBBut they are great! The ten thousand ut they are great! The ten thousand ut they are great! The ten thousand ut they are great! The ten thousand

things are bounded by Heaven and Earth, and things are bounded by Heaven and Earth, and things are bounded by Heaven and Earth, and things are bounded by Heaven and Earth, and

the persuasions of the many philosophers athe persuasions of the many philosophers athe persuasions of the many philosophers athe persuasions of the many philosophers are re re re

surrounded by the Five Classics.surrounded by the Five Classics.surrounded by the Five Classics.surrounded by the Five Classics.

11111111


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之作作作作事事事事，，，，不不不不能能能能昭昭昭昭若日月若日月若日月若日月乎乎乎乎？？？？何何何何後後後後世世世世之之之之訔訔訔訔

訔訔訔訔也也也也！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「瞽瞽瞽瞽曠曠曠曠能能能能默默默默，，，，瞽瞽瞽瞽曠曠曠曠不不不不能能能能齊不齊之齊不齊之齊不齊之齊不齊之耳耳耳耳，，，，狄狄狄狄

牙牙牙牙能能能能喊喊喊喊，，，，狄牙狄牙狄牙狄牙不不不不能能能能齊不齊之齊不齊之齊不齊之齊不齊之口口口口。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: As for the sage's management of Someone asked: As for the sage's management of Someone asked: As for the sage's management of Someone asked: As for the sage's management of

affairs, was he not able to make things clear affairs, was he not able to make things clear affairs, was he not able to make things clear affairs, was he not able to make things clear

like the sun and the moonlike the sun and the moonlike the sun and the moonlike the sun and the moon???? Why the unceasing Why the unceasing Why the unceasing Why the unceasing

disputation of later generationsdisputation of later generationsdisputation of later generationsdisputation of later generations????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBlind music master lind music master lind music master lind music master KKKKuang was able uang was able uang was able uang was able

to penetrate the mysteries of music, but even to penetrate the mysteries of music, but even to penetrate the mysteries of music, but even to penetrate the mysteries of music, but even

KKKKuang could not make different ears be alike. uang could not make different ears be alike. uang could not make different ears be alike. uang could not make different ears be alike.

Yi Ya was able to blend flavors, but Yi Ya was Yi Ya was able to blend flavors, but Yi Ya was Yi Ya was able to blend flavors, but Yi Ya was Yi Ya was able to blend flavors, but Yi Ya was

not able to make different mouths be alike.not able to make different mouths be alike.not able to make different mouths be alike.not able to make different mouths be alike.

12121212


君子之言君子之言君子之言君子之言，，，，幽幽幽幽必必必必有有有有驗驗驗驗乎明乎明乎明乎明；；；；遠遠遠遠必必必必有有有有驗驗驗驗乎乎乎乎近近近近，，，，大大大大必必必必有有有有驗驗驗驗

乎乎乎乎小小小小，，，，微微微微必必必必有有有有驗驗驗驗乎乎乎乎著著著著，，，，無無無無驗驗驗驗而而而而言之言之言之言之謂謂謂謂妄妄妄妄。。。。君子君子君子君子妄妄妄妄乎乎乎乎？？？？

不不不不妄妄妄妄。。。。



When the junzi speaks, the dark must examined When the junzi speaks, the dark must examined When the junzi speaks, the dark must examined When the junzi speaks, the dark must examined

with the brightwith the brightwith the brightwith the bright;;;; the far must be examined with the far must be examined with the far must be examined with the far must be examined with

the nearthe nearthe nearthe near;;;; the great must be examined with the the great must be examined with the the great must be examined with the the great must be examined with the

smallsmallsmallsmall;;;; and the secret must be examined with and the secret must be examined with and the secret must be examined with and the secret must be examined with

the known. To speak without verification is the known. To speak without verification is the known. To speak without verification is the known. To speak without verification is

called "reckless." Is the juncalled "reckless." Is the juncalled "reckless." Is the juncalled "reckless." Is the junzi recklesszi recklesszi recklesszi reckless???? He He He He

is not reckless.is not reckless.is not reckless.is not reckless.

13131313

問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 言不言不言不言不能能能能達達達達其其其其心心心心，，，，書書書書不不不不能能能能達達達達其其其其言言言言，，，，難難難難矣哉矣哉矣哉矣哉。。。。惟惟惟惟聖人聖人聖人聖人得得得得言言言言

之之之之解解解解，，，，得書得書得書得書之之之之體體體體。。。。白白白白日日日日以以以以照照照照之之之之，，，，江河江河江河江河以以以以滌滌滌滌之之之之，，，，灝灝灝灝灝灝灝灝乎乎乎乎

其其其其莫之莫之莫之莫之禦也禦也禦也禦也。。。。面面面面相之相之相之相之，，，，辭辭辭辭相相相相適適適適，，，，捈捈捈捈中心之中心之中心之中心之所欲所欲所欲所欲，，，，通通通通諸諸諸諸

人之人之人之人之嚍々嚍々嚍々嚍々者者者者，，，，奠奠奠奠如如如如言言言言。。。。彌綸彌綸彌綸彌綸天下之事天下之事天下之事天下之事，，，，記記記記久久久久明明明明遠遠遠遠，，，，著著著著

古古古古昔之昔之昔之昔之㖧㖧㖧㖧㖧㖧㖧㖧，，，，傳傳傳傳千千千千裏裏裏裏之之之之忞忞忞忞忞忞忞忞者者者者，，，，莫莫莫莫如書如書如書如書。。。。故故故故言言言言，，，，心心心心聲聲聲聲

也也也也。。。。書書書書，，，，心心心心畫也畫也畫也畫也。。。。聲聲聲聲畫畫畫畫形形形形，，，，君子君子君子君子小小小小人見人見人見人見矣矣矣矣！！！！聲聲聲聲畫者畫者畫者畫者，，，，

君子君子君子君子小小小小人之人之人之人之所所所所以動情乎以動情乎以動情乎以動情乎！！！！



Language is not able to fulLanguage is not able to fulLanguage is not able to fulLanguage is not able to fully express what is ly express what is ly express what is ly express what is

in one's xin, and writings are not able to in one's xin, and writings are not able to in one's xin, and writings are not able to in one's xin, and writings are not able to

fully express what one wants to say. How fully express what one wants to say. How fully express what one wants to say. How fully express what one wants to say. How

troublesome! troublesome! troublesome! troublesome! OOOOnly the sage is able to grasp nly the sage is able to grasp nly the sage is able to grasp nly the sage is able to grasp

the meaning of language and the essence of the meaning of language and the essence of the meaning of language and the essence of the meaning of language and the essence of

writing. It is like when the shining sun writing. It is like when the shining sun writing. It is like when the shining sun writing. It is like when the shining sun

illuminates, or when the illuminates, or when the illuminates, or when the illuminates, or when the rivers cleanserivers cleanserivers cleanserivers cleanse————they they they they

are so great that nothing can resist them. For are so great that nothing can resist them. For are so great that nothing can resist them. For are so great that nothing can resist them. For

meeting facemeeting facemeeting facemeeting face----totototo----face, exchanging letters, face, exchanging letters, face, exchanging letters, face, exchanging letters,

expressing the xin's desires, or breaking expressing the xin's desires, or breaking expressing the xin's desires, or breaking expressing the xin's desires, or breaking

through the barriers between peoplethrough the barriers between peoplethrough the barriers between peoplethrough the barriers between people————there is there is there is there is

nothing like language. For summarizing the nothing like language. For summarizing the nothing like language. For summarizing the nothing like language. For summarizing the

affairs of all unaffairs of all unaffairs of all unaffairs of all under Heaven, for recording the der Heaven, for recording the der Heaven, for recording the der Heaven, for recording the

old and explaining what is far away, for old and explaining what is far away, for old and explaining what is far away, for old and explaining what is far away, for

making known the darkness of antiquity and making known the darkness of antiquity and making known the darkness of antiquity and making known the darkness of antiquity and

transmitting unclear matters from a thousand transmitting unclear matters from a thousand transmitting unclear matters from a thousand transmitting unclear matters from a thousand

miles away, there is nothing like writing. miles away, there is nothing like writing. miles away, there is nothing like writing. miles away, there is nothing like writing.

Thus, language is the xin's voice. Writing is Thus, language is the xin's voice. Writing is Thus, language is the xin's voice. Writing is Thus, language is the xin's voice. Writing is

the xin'the xin'the xin'the xin's pictures. When voice and pictures s pictures. When voice and pictures s pictures. When voice and pictures s pictures. When voice and pictures

take form, they are seen both by the junzi and take form, they are seen both by the junzi and take form, they are seen both by the junzi and take form, they are seen both by the junzi and

the small man. The voice and writing, these the small man. The voice and writing, these the small man. The voice and writing, these the small man. The voice and writing, these

are what move the feelings of the junzi and are what move the feelings of the junzi and are what move the feelings of the junzi and are what move the feelings of the junzi and

the small man.the small man.the small man.the small man.

14141414


聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之辭辭辭辭，，，，渾渾渾渾渾渾渾渾若川若川若川若川。。。。順順順順則則則則便便便便，，，，逆逆逆逆則則則則否者否者否者否者，，，，其其其其惟惟惟惟川川川川

乎乎乎乎？？？？



The sage's words rush like a river. If you The sage's words rush like a river. If you The sage's words rush like a river. If you The sage's words rush like a river. If you

flow with them, then everything goes smoothly. flow with them, then everything goes smoothly. flow with them, then everything goes smoothly. flow with them, then everything goes smoothly.

If you go against If you go against If you go against If you go against them, you meet with them, you meet with them, you meet with them, you meet with

disaster. It's just like a river!disaster. It's just like a river!disaster. It's just like a river!disaster. It's just like a river!

15151515


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「仲尼聖仲尼聖仲尼聖仲尼聖者與者與者與者與？？？？何何何何不不不不能居世也能居世也能居世也能居世也，，，，曾曾曾曾範範範範、、、、蔡蔡蔡蔡之不之不之不之不

若若若若！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人聖人聖人聖人者者者者範範範範、、、、蔡蔡蔡蔡乎乎乎乎？？？？若若若若範範範範、、、、蔡蔡蔡蔡，，，，其如其如其如其如聖聖聖聖

何何何何？」？」？」？」



Someone said: Was Confucius a sageSomeone said: Was Confucius a sageSomeone said: Was Confucius a sageSomeone said: Was Confucius a sage???? Why could Why could Why could Why could

he not occupy an official position in his he not occupy an official position in his he not occupy an official position in his he not occupy an official position in his

timetimetimetime???? Even Fan Ju and Cai Ze were not like Even Fan Ju and Cai Ze were not like Even Fan Ju and Cai Ze were not like Even Fan Ju and Cai Ze were not like

that!that!that!that!

Yangzi said: Were Fan and Cai sagesYangzi said: Were Fan and Cai sagesYangzi said: Were Fan and Cai sagesYangzi said: Were Fan and Cai sages???? If Fan If Fan If Fan If Fan

and Cai were sages, then what does it and Cai were sages, then what does it and Cai were sages, then what does it and Cai were sages, then what does it mean to mean to mean to mean to

be a sagebe a sagebe a sagebe a sage????

16161616


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「淮南淮南淮南淮南、、、、太太太太史史史史公者公者公者公者，，，，其其其其多多多多知知知知與與與與？？？？何其何其何其何其雜雜雜雜也也也也。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「雜雜雜雜乎乎乎乎雜雜雜雜，，，，人人人人病病病病以以以以多多多多知知知知為為為為雜雜雜雜。。。。惟惟惟惟聖人聖人聖人聖人為為為為不不不不雜雜雜雜。。。。」」」」



Someone said: As for Liu An, Prince of Someone said: As for Liu An, Prince of Someone said: As for Liu An, Prince of Someone said: As for Liu An, Prince of

Huainan, and the Grand Historian Sima Qian, Huainan, and the Grand Historian Sima Qian, Huainan, and the Grand Historian Sima Qian, Huainan, and the Grand Historian Sima Qian,

did they not posses much knowledgedid they not posses much knowledgedid they not posses much knowledgedid they not posses much knowledge???? How How How How

complex they are!complex they are!complex they are!complex they are!

Yangzi said: Complex! Complex! Most people's Yangzi said: Complex! Complex! Most people's Yangzi said: Complex! Complex! Most people's Yangzi said: Complex! Complex! Most people's

shortcoming is using much knowledge to be shortcoming is using much knowledge to be shortcoming is using much knowledge to be shortcoming is using much knowledge to be

"complex." "complex." "complex." "complex." OOOOnly the sage is nly the sage is nly the sage is nly the sage is not complex.not complex.not complex.not complex.

17171717


書書書書不經不經不經不經，，，，非書也非書也非書也非書也。。。。言不經言不經言不經言不經，，，，非非非非言言言言也也也也。。。。言言言言、、、、書書書書不經不經不經不經，，，，多多多多

多多多多贅贅贅贅矣矣矣矣！！！！



BBBBooks that do not accord with the Confucian ooks that do not accord with the Confucian ooks that do not accord with the Confucian ooks that do not accord with the Confucian

Classics are not books. Sayings that do not Classics are not books. Sayings that do not Classics are not books. Sayings that do not Classics are not books. Sayings that do not

accord with the Confucian Classics are not accord with the Confucian Classics are not accord with the Confucian Classics are not accord with the Confucian Classics are not

sayings. Such booksayings. Such booksayings. Such booksayings. Such books and teachings proliferate s and teachings proliferate s and teachings proliferate s and teachings proliferate

like tumors.like tumors.like tumors.like tumors.

18181818


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「述述述述而而而而不不不不作作作作，《，《，《，《玄玄玄玄》》》》何何何何以以以以作作作作？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「其其其其事則事則事則事則

述述述述，，，，其書其書其書其書則則則則作作作作。。。。」」」」

Asking AboutAsking AboutAsking AboutAsking About


Someone said: Confucius once said, "I Someone said: Confucius once said, "I Someone said: Confucius once said, "I Someone said: Confucius once said, "I

transmit, but do not create." So why have you transmit, but do not create." So why have you transmit, but do not create." So why have you transmit, but do not create." So why have you

written the Tai xuan jingwritten the Tai xuan jingwritten the Tai xuan jingwritten the Tai xuan jing????

Yangzi said: Its content I have transmitted. Yangzi said: Its content I have transmitted. Yangzi said: Its content I have transmitted. Yangzi said: Its content I have transmitted.

OOOOnly the book itself have I written.nly the book itself have I written.nly the book itself have I written.nly the book itself have I written.

19191919


育育育育而而而而不不不不苗苗苗苗者者者者，，，，吾吾吾吾家家家家之之之之童童童童烏烏烏烏乎乎乎乎？？？？九齡九齡九齡九齡而與我而與我而與我而與我《《《《玄玄玄玄》》》》文文文文。。。。



BBBBorn but not yet sprouted, that was my young orn but not yet sprouted, that was my young orn but not yet sprouted, that was my young orn but not yet sprouted, that was my young

son Tong Wu! son Tong Wu! son Tong Wu! son Tong Wu! OOOOnly nine years old, and yet he nly nine years old, and yet he nly nine years old, and yet he nly nine years old, and yet he

discussed the text of the Tai xuan jing with discussed the text of the Tai xuan jing with discussed the text of the Tai xuan jing with discussed the text of the Tai xuan jing with

me.me.me.me.

20202020


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「《《《《玄玄玄玄》》》》何為何為何為何為？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「為為為為仁義仁義仁義仁義。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「孰孰孰孰

不不不不為為為為仁仁仁仁？？？？孰孰孰孰不不不不為為為為義義義義？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「勿雜勿雜勿雜勿雜也而已矣也而已矣也而已矣也而已矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Why have you written the Tai Someone said: Why have you written the Tai Someone said: Why have you written the Tai Someone said: Why have you written the Tai

xuan jingxuan jingxuan jingxuan jing????

Yangzi said: For the purpose of explaining ren Yangzi said: For the purpose of explaining ren Yangzi said: For the purpose of explaining ren Yangzi said: For the purpose of explaining ren

and yi.and yi.and yi.and yi.

The other said: What other philosopher doesn't The other said: What other philosopher doesn't The other said: What other philosopher doesn't The other said: What other philosopher doesn't

explain ren and yiexplain ren and yiexplain ren and yiexplain ren and yi????

Yangzi said: JYangzi said: JYangzi said: JYangzi said: Just donust donust donust don』』』』t be complext be complext be complext be complex————and and and and

that's all.that's all.that's all.that's all.

21212121

問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「經之經之經之經之艱艱艱艱易易易易」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「存存存存亡亡亡亡。。。。」」」」或或或或人不人不人不人不諭諭諭諭。。。。曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「其其其其人人人人存存存存則則則則易易易易，，，，亡亡亡亡則則則則艱艱艱艱。。。。延延延延陵陵陵陵季季季季子之於子之於子之於子之於樂也樂也樂也樂也，，，，其其其其庶庶庶庶矣矣矣矣

乎乎乎乎！！！！如樂如樂如樂如樂弛弛弛弛，，，，雖雖雖雖劄劄劄劄末末末末如如如如之之之之何矣何矣何矣何矣。。。。如如如如周之禮周之禮周之禮周之禮樂樂樂樂，，，，庶庶庶庶事之事之事之事之

備備備備也也也也，，，，每每每每可以可以可以可以為為為為不不不不難難難難矣矣矣矣。。。。如如如如秦秦秦秦之禮之禮之禮之禮樂樂樂樂，，，，庶庶庶庶事之不事之不事之不事之不備備備備

也也也也，，，，每每每每可以可以可以可以為為為為難難難難矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about the difficult and easy Someone asked about the difficult and easy Someone asked about the difficult and easy Someone asked about the difficult and easy

aspects of the Classics.aspects of the Classics.aspects of the Classics.aspects of the Classics.

Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi said: Survival and loss.said: Survival and loss.said: Survival and loss.said: Survival and loss.

The other did not understand.The other did not understand.The other did not understand.The other did not understand.

Yangzi said: If the text completely survives, Yangzi said: If the text completely survives, Yangzi said: If the text completely survives, Yangzi said: If the text completely survives,

then it is easy. If parts of it are lost, then then it is easy. If parts of it are lost, then then it is easy. If parts of it are lost, then then it is easy. If parts of it are lost, then

it is difficult. Was Ji Zha of Yanling's it is difficult. Was Ji Zha of Yanling's it is difficult. Was Ji Zha of Yanling's it is difficult. Was Ji Zha of Yanling's

knowledge of music not almost perfectknowledge of music not almost perfectknowledge of music not almost perfectknowledge of music not almost perfect???? BBBBut if ut if ut if ut if

music had been abandomusic had been abandomusic had been abandomusic had been abandoned, even Zha could not ned, even Zha could not ned, even Zha could not ned, even Zha could not

have attained such an understanding of it. If have attained such an understanding of it. If have attained such an understanding of it. If have attained such an understanding of it. If

it is like the ritual and music of the Zhou, it is like the ritual and music of the Zhou, it is like the ritual and music of the Zhou, it is like the ritual and music of the Zhou,

for which almost everything is preserved, then for which almost everything is preserved, then for which almost everything is preserved, then for which almost everything is preserved, then

everything can be performed without everything can be performed without everything can be performed without everything can be performed without

difficulty. If it is like the ritual and music difficulty. If it is like the ritual and music difficulty. If it is like the ritual and music difficulty. If it is like the ritual and music

of the Qin,of the Qin,of the Qin,of the Qin, for which almost nothing is for which almost nothing is for which almost nothing is for which almost nothing is

preserved, then everything can only be preserved, then everything can only be preserved, then everything can only be preserved, then everything can only be

performed with difficulty.performed with difficulty.performed with difficulty.performed with difficulty.

22222222


衣衣衣衣而而而而不不不不裳裳裳裳，，，，未未未未知知知知其其其其可可可可也也也也；；；；裳裳裳裳而而而而不不不不衣衣衣衣，，，，未未未未知知知知其其其其可可可可也也也也。。。。衣衣衣衣

裳裳裳裳其其其其順順順順矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎？？？？



UUUUpper garments without lower garments, I have pper garments without lower garments, I have pper garments without lower garments, I have pper garments without lower garments, I have

never known this to be practicable. Lower never known this to be practicable. Lower never known this to be practicable. Lower never known this to be practicable. Lower

garments without upper garments, I have never garments without upper garments, I have never garments without upper garments, I have never garments without upper garments, I have never

known this to be practicable. known this to be practicable. known this to be practicable. known this to be practicable. UUUUpper garments pper garments pper garments pper garments

and lower and lower and lower and lower garments, do they not go togethergarments, do they not go togethergarments, do they not go togethergarments, do they not go together????

23232323


或或或或問問問問「「「「文文文文」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「訓訓訓訓。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「武武武武」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「克克克克。。。。」」」」

未未未未達達達達。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「事事事事得其得其得其得其序之序之序之序之謂謂謂謂訓訓訓訓，，，，勝勝勝勝己己己己之之之之私私私私之之之之謂謂謂謂克克克克。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about wen (cultureSomeone asked about wen (cultureSomeone asked about wen (cultureSomeone asked about wen (culture////civility).civility).civility).civility).

Yangzi said: It is a matter of compliance.Yangzi said: It is a matter of compliance.Yangzi said: It is a matter of compliance.Yangzi said: It is a matter of compliance.

The other asked about wu (warfareThe other asked about wu (warfareThe other asked about wu (warfareThe other asked about wu (warfare////martiality).martiality).martiality).martiality).

Yangzi said: It is a matter of conquest.Yangzi said: It is a matter of conquest.Yangzi said: It is a matter of conquest.Yangzi said: It is a matter of conquest.


Yangzi said: Affairs being put iYangzi said: Affairs being put iYangzi said: Affairs being put iYangzi said: Affairs being put into their nto their nto their nto their

proper order is called "compliance." proper order is called "compliance." proper order is called "compliance." proper order is called "compliance."

OOOOvercoming one's own selfish desires is called vercoming one's own selfish desires is called vercoming one's own selfish desires is called vercoming one's own selfish desires is called

"conquest.""conquest.""conquest.""conquest."

24242424


為為為為之之之之而而而而行行行行，，，，動之動之動之動之而而而而光光光光者者者者，，，，其其其其德乎德乎德乎德乎？？？？或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「知德知德知德知德者者者者

鮮鮮鮮鮮，，，，何其何其何其何其光光光光？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「我我我我知知知知，，，，為為為為之之之之；；；；不不不不我我我我知知知知亦為亦為亦為亦為之之之之，，，，

厥厥厥厥光光光光大大大大矣矣矣矣。。。。必我必我必我必我知知知知而為而為而為而為之之之之，，，，光光光光亦小矣亦小矣亦小矣亦小矣。。。。」」」」



Those who handle affairs capably and display Those who handle affairs capably and display Those who handle affairs capably and display Those who handle affairs capably and display

honor through their actionshonor through their actionshonor through their actionshonor through their actions————do they not have do they not have do they not have do they not have

dededede????

The other said: Confucius said, "Those who The other said: Confucius said, "Those who The other said: Confucius said, "Those who The other said: Confucius said, "Those who

recognize de recognize de recognize de recognize de are few." What about honorare few." What about honorare few." What about honorare few." What about honor????

Yangzi said: Whether or not others recognize Yangzi said: Whether or not others recognize Yangzi said: Whether or not others recognize Yangzi said: Whether or not others recognize

me, I act, and my honor is great. If it were me, I act, and my honor is great. If it were me, I act, and my honor is great. If it were me, I act, and my honor is great. If it were

necessary that I be recognized before I act, necessary that I be recognized before I act, necessary that I be recognized before I act, necessary that I be recognized before I act,

then my honor would be insignificant.then my honor would be insignificant.then my honor would be insignificant.then my honor would be insignificant.

25252525 問神問神問神問神卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子病病病病沒沒沒沒世而世而世而世而無名無名無名無名，，，，盍勢盍勢盍勢盍勢諸名卿諸名卿諸名卿諸名卿，，，，可可可可幾幾幾幾

也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子德名君子德名君子德名君子德名為為為為幾幾幾幾。。。。梁梁梁梁、、、、齊齊齊齊、、、、趙趙趙趙、、、、楚楚楚楚之君之君之君之君非非非非

不不不不富且貴也富且貴也富且貴也富且貴也，，，，惡惡惡惡乎成名乎成名乎成名乎成名？？？？谷谷谷谷口口口口鄭鄭鄭鄭子真子真子真子真，，，，不不不不屈屈屈屈其其其其誌誌誌誌，，，，而而而而

耕耕耕耕乎乎乎乎巖巖巖巖石石石石之下之下之下之下，，，，名名名名震震震震於於於於京京京京師師師師，，，，豈豈豈豈其其其其卿卿卿卿！！！！豈豈豈豈其其其其卿卿卿卿！」！」！」！」



Someone said: Confucius said, "The junzi Someone said: Confucius said, "The junzi Someone said: Confucius said, "The junzi Someone said: Confucius said, "The junzi

worries about leaving the world without having worries about leaving the world without having worries about leaving the world without having worries about leaving the world without having

established a reputation." So why not use established a reputation." So why not use established a reputation." So why not use established a reputation." So why not use

power to obtainpower to obtainpower to obtainpower to obtain itititit???? Those with high Those with high Those with high Those with high----ranking ranking ranking ranking

office can seek a reputation.office can seek a reputation.office can seek a reputation.office can seek a reputation.

Yangzi said: The junzi seeks a reputation for Yangzi said: The junzi seeks a reputation for Yangzi said: The junzi seeks a reputation for Yangzi said: The junzi seeks a reputation for

having de. The rulers of Liang, Qi, Zhao, and having de. The rulers of Liang, Qi, Zhao, and having de. The rulers of Liang, Qi, Zhao, and having de. The rulers of Liang, Qi, Zhao, and

Chu did not lack for wealth and rank, but were Chu did not lack for wealth and rank, but were Chu did not lack for wealth and rank, but were Chu did not lack for wealth and rank, but were

they reputablethey reputablethey reputablethey reputable???? Zheng Zizhen of Gukou did not Zheng Zizhen of Gukou did not Zheng Zizhen of Gukou did not Zheng Zizhen of Gukou did not

bend his wilbend his wilbend his wilbend his will and farmed at the foot of the l and farmed at the foot of the l and farmed at the foot of the l and farmed at the foot of the

mountains, yet his reputation shook the mountains, yet his reputation shook the mountains, yet his reputation shook the mountains, yet his reputation shook the

capital. capital. capital. capital. BBBBut did he have highut did he have highut did he have highut did he have high----ranking officeranking officeranking officeranking office????

Did he have highDid he have highDid he have highDid he have high----ranking officeranking officeranking officeranking office????

26262626


或或或或問問問問「「「「人人人人」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「艱艱艱艱知知知知也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「焉焉焉焉難難難難？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「太太太太山山山山之之之之與與與與蟻垤蟻垤蟻垤蟻垤，，，，江河江河江河江河之之之之與與與與行行行行潦潦潦潦，，，，非非非非難難難難也也也也。。。。大聖之大聖之大聖之大聖之與與與與

大大大大佞佞佞佞，，，，難難難難也也也也。。。。烏烏烏烏呼呼呼呼！！！！能能能能別似別似別似別似者為者為者為者為無無無無難難難難。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about people.Someone asked about people.Someone asked about people.Someone asked about people.

Yangzi said: They are difficult to understand.Yangzi said: They are difficult to understand.Yangzi said: They are difficult to understand.Yangzi said: They are difficult to understand.

The other said: Why are they difficult to The other said: Why are they difficult to The other said: Why are they difficult to The other said: Why are they difficult to

understandunderstandunderstandunderstand????

Yangzi said: Telling the difference between Yangzi said: Telling the difference between Yangzi said: Telling the difference between Yangzi said: Telling the difference between

Mt. Tai and an antMt. Tai and an antMt. Tai and an antMt. Tai and an ant----hill, or the Yellow and hill, or the Yellow and hill, or the Yellow and hill, or the Yellow and

Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi RRRRivers from drainage ditches is not ivers from drainage ditches is not ivers from drainage ditches is not ivers from drainage ditches is not

difficult. difficult. difficult. difficult. BBBBut telling the difference between ut telling the difference between ut telling the difference between ut telling the difference between

a great sage and a glib talker is difficult. a great sage and a glib talker is difficult. a great sage and a glib talker is difficult. a great sage and a glib talker is difficult.

Indeed, one who can discriminate between Indeed, one who can discriminate between Indeed, one who can discriminate between Indeed, one who can discriminate between

things that are similar can understand people things that are similar can understand people things that are similar can understand people things that are similar can understand people

without difficulty.without difficulty.without difficulty.without difficulty.

27272727


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「鄒鄒鄒鄒、、、、莊莊莊莊有有有有取取取取乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「德則德則德則德則取取取取，，，，愆愆愆愆則則則則

否否否否。。。。」「」「」「」「何謂何謂何謂何謂德德德德、、、、愆愆愆愆？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「言天言天言天言天、、、、地地地地、、、、人經人經人經人經，，，，德德德德

也也也也；；；；否否否否，，，，愆愆愆愆也也也也。。。。愆語愆語愆語愆語，，，，君子不君子不君子不君子不出出出出諸諸諸諸口口口口。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Have you Someone asked: Have you Someone asked: Have you Someone asked: Have you not taken from Zou Yan not taken from Zou Yan not taken from Zou Yan not taken from Zou Yan

and Zhuang Zhouand Zhuang Zhouand Zhuang Zhouand Zhuang Zhou????

Yangzi said: If it is de, then I have taken Yangzi said: If it is de, then I have taken Yangzi said: If it is de, then I have taken Yangzi said: If it is de, then I have taken

it. If it is mistaken, then I have not.it. If it is mistaken, then I have not.it. If it is mistaken, then I have not.it. If it is mistaken, then I have not.

What do you mean by de and "mistaken."What do you mean by de and "mistaken."What do you mean by de and "mistaken."What do you mean by de and "mistaken."

Yangzi said: In speaking of Heaven, Earth, and Yangzi said: In speaking of Heaven, Earth, and Yangzi said: In speaking of Heaven, Earth, and Yangzi said: In speaking of Heaven, Earth, and

Man, that which is in line with the Confucian Man, that which is in line with the Confucian Man, that which is in line with the Confucian Man, that which is in line with the Confucian

Classics is de. Classics is de. Classics is de. Classics is de. OOOOtherwise, it is mistaken. The therwise, it is mistaken. The therwise, it is mistaken. The therwise, it is mistaken. The

junzi does not let speech that is mistaken junzi does not let speech that is mistaken junzi does not let speech that is mistaken junzi does not let speech that is mistaken

come out of his mouth.come out of his mouth.come out of his mouth.come out of his mouth.

《《《《問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第六六六六 ---- Asking About Seeing ClearlyAsking About Seeing ClearlyAsking About Seeing ClearlyAsking About Seeing Clearly》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111 問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「明明明明」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「微微微微。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「微微微微何如其何如其何如其何如其明明明明

也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「微微微微而而而而見之見之見之見之，，，，明明明明其其其其悖悖悖悖乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」

Asking AboutAsking AboutAsking AboutAsking About

Seeing Seeing Seeing Seeing

Clearly:...:Clearly:...:Clearly:...:Clearly:...:

Someone asked about seeing clearly.Someone asked about seeing clearly.Someone asked about seeing clearly.Someone asked about seeing clearly.

Yangzi said: Focus on what is subtle.Yangzi said: Focus on what is subtle.Yangzi said: Focus on what is subtle.Yangzi said: Focus on what is subtle.

The other said: How can focusing on what is The other said: How can focusing on what is The other said: How can focusing on what is The other said: How can focusing on what is

subtle be seeing clearlysubtle be seeing clearlysubtle be seeing clearlysubtle be seeing clearly????

Yangzi said: If it is subtle and yet you can Yangzi said: If it is subtle and yet you can Yangzi said: If it is subtle and yet you can Yangzi said: If it is subtle and yet you can

perceive it, then can you not see wayward perceive it, then can you not see wayward perceive it, then can you not see wayward perceive it, then can you not see wayward

actiactiactiaction clearlyon clearlyon clearlyon clearly????

2222

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

聰明聰明聰明聰明其其其其至至至至矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎？？？？不聰不聰不聰不聰，，，，實實實實無無無無耳耳耳耳也也也也；；；；不明不明不明不明，，，，實實實實無無無無目目目目

也也也也。。。。「「「「敢敢敢敢問大聰明問大聰明問大聰明問大聰明。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「眩眩眩眩眩眩眩眩乎乎乎乎，，，，惟惟惟惟天天天天為為為為聰聰聰聰，，，，

惟惟惟惟天天天天為為為為明明明明。。。。夫能高其夫能高其夫能高其夫能高其目目目目而而而而下下下下其其其其耳耳耳耳者者者者，，，，匪匪匪匪天天天天也夫也夫也夫也夫？」？」？」？」




Having keen hearing and eyesight is the Having keen hearing and eyesight is the Having keen hearing and eyesight is the Having keen hearing and eyesight is the

best. Not being able to hear clearly is best. Not being able to hear clearly is best. Not being able to hear clearly is best. Not being able to hear clearly is

truly like not hatruly like not hatruly like not hatruly like not having ears. Not being able ving ears. Not being able ving ears. Not being able ving ears. Not being able

to see clearly is truly like not having to see clearly is truly like not having to see clearly is truly like not having to see clearly is truly like not having

eyes.eyes.eyes.eyes.

Dare I ask about superior clarity of sight Dare I ask about superior clarity of sight Dare I ask about superior clarity of sight Dare I ask about superior clarity of sight

and hearingand hearingand hearingand hearing????

Yangzi said: Dazzlingly bright, only Tian Yangzi said: Dazzlingly bright, only Tian Yangzi said: Dazzlingly bright, only Tian Yangzi said: Dazzlingly bright, only Tian

sees and hears perfectly. The one who is sees and hears perfectly. The one who is sees and hears perfectly. The one who is sees and hears perfectly. The one who is

able to raise up its eyes to see far and able to raise up its eyes to see far and able to raise up its eyes to see far and able to raise up its eyes to see far and

widewidewidewide and lower its ears to the ground, is it and lower its ears to the ground, is it and lower its ears to the ground, is it and lower its ears to the ground, is it

not Tiannot Tiannot Tiannot Tian????

3333


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「小小小小每每每每知之知之知之知之，，，，可可可可謂師謂師謂師謂師乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「是何師是何師是何師是何師

與與與與？？？？是何師與是何師與是何師與是何師與？？？？天下天下天下天下小小小小事事事事為為為為不不不不少矣少矣少矣少矣，，，，每每每每知之知之知之知之，，，，是謂是謂是謂是謂

師師師師乎乎乎乎？？？？師師師師之之之之貴也貴也貴也貴也，，，，知大知知大知知大知知大知也也也也。。。。小小小小知之知之知之知之師亦師亦師亦師亦賤賤賤賤矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」




Someone asked: Can someone who understands Someone asked: Can someone who understands Someone asked: Can someone who understands Someone asked: Can someone who understands

even the most trivial affairs be called a even the most trivial affairs be called a even the most trivial affairs be called a even the most trivial affairs be called a

teacherteacherteacherteacher????

Yangzi said: What kind of teacher is thisYangzi said: What kind of teacher is thisYangzi said: What kind of teacher is thisYangzi said: What kind of teacher is this????

What kind of teacher is thisWhat kind of teacher is thisWhat kind of teacher is thisWhat kind of teacher is this???? The trivial The trivial The trivial The trivial

affairs of the world are not few. affairs of the world are not few. affairs of the world are not few. affairs of the world are not few.

UUUUnderstanding them all, is this called being nderstanding them all, is this called being nderstanding them all, is this called being nderstanding them all, is this called being

a teachera teachera teachera teacher???? The value of a teacher is knowing The value of a teacher is knowing The value of a teacher is knowing The value of a teacher is knowing

great knowledge. A teacher who only great knowledge. A teacher who only great knowledge. A teacher who only great knowledge. A teacher who only

understandsunderstandsunderstandsunderstands the trivial is indeed worthless.the trivial is indeed worthless.the trivial is indeed worthless.the trivial is indeed worthless.

4444


孟孟孟孟子子子子疾疾疾疾過過過過我我我我門門門門而而而而不不不不入入入入我我我我室室室室。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「亦亦亦亦有有有有疾疾疾疾乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「摭摭摭摭我我我我華華華華而而而而不不不不食我食我食我食我實實實實。。。。」」」」




Mengzi detested "those who passed my gate Mengzi detested "those who passed my gate Mengzi detested "those who passed my gate Mengzi detested "those who passed my gate

but did not enter my inner chambers."but did not enter my inner chambers."but did not enter my inner chambers."but did not enter my inner chambers."

Someone said: Are there others you detest as Someone said: Are there others you detest as Someone said: Are there others you detest as Someone said: Are there others you detest as

wellwellwellwell????

Yangzi said: Those who pick my flowers but Yangzi said: Those who pick my flowers but Yangzi said: Those who pick my flowers but Yangzi said: Those who pick my flowers but

do not eat my fruit.do not eat my fruit.do not eat my fruit.do not eat my fruit.

5555 問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第六六六六::::

或謂或謂或謂或謂「「「「仲尼事仲尼事仲尼事仲尼事彌彌彌彌其其其其年年年年，，，，蓋蓋蓋蓋天天天天勞勞勞勞諸諸諸諸，，，，病病病病矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「天天天天非非非非獨獨獨獨勞勞勞勞仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼，，，，亦亦亦亦自自自自勞勞勞勞也也也也。。。。天天天天病病病病乎乎乎乎哉哉哉哉？？？？天天天天樂樂樂樂天天天天，，，，

聖聖聖聖樂樂樂樂聖聖聖聖。。。。」」」」




Someone said: Confucius's Someone said: Confucius's Someone said: Confucius's Someone said: Confucius's affairs kept him affairs kept him affairs kept him affairs kept him

busy all his life. Tian must have become busy all his life. Tian must have become busy all his life. Tian must have become busy all his life. Tian must have become

weary belaboring him!weary belaboring him!weary belaboring him!weary belaboring him!

Yangzi said: Tian did not only belabor Yangzi said: Tian did not only belabor Yangzi said: Tian did not only belabor Yangzi said: Tian did not only belabor

Confucius, it also belabored itself. Confucius, it also belabored itself. Confucius, it also belabored itself. Confucius, it also belabored itself. BBBBut ut ut ut

does Tian become wearydoes Tian become wearydoes Tian become wearydoes Tian become weary???? Tian delights in Tian delights in Tian delights in Tian delights in

being Tian, the sage delights in being the being Tian, the sage delights in being the being Tian, the sage delights in being the being Tian, the sage delights in being the


6666


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「鳥鳥鳥鳥有有有有鳳鳳鳳鳳，，，，獸獸獸獸有有有有麟麟麟麟，，，，鳥鳥鳥鳥、、、、獸獸獸獸皆皆皆皆可可可可鳳鳳鳳鳳、、、、麟麟麟麟

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「群群群群鳥鳥鳥鳥之於之於之於之於鳳鳳鳳鳳也也也也，，，，群群群群獸獸獸獸之於之於之於之於麟麟麟麟也也也也，，，，形形形形

性性性性。。。。豈豈豈豈群人之於聖乎群人之於聖乎群人之於聖乎群人之於聖乎？」？」？」？」




Someone asked: Among birds there is the Someone asked: Among birds there is the Someone asked: Among birds there is the Someone asked: Among birds there is the

phoenix, among beasts there is the unicorn. phoenix, among beasts there is the unicorn. phoenix, among beasts there is the unicorn. phoenix, among beasts there is the unicorn.

Can all birds and beasts really become a Can all birds and beasts really become a Can all birds and beasts really become a Can all birds and beasts really become a

phoenix or unicornphoenix or unicornphoenix or unicornphoenix or unicorn????

Yangzi said: The difference between other Yangzi said: The difference between other Yangzi said: The difference between other Yangzi said: The difference between other

birds and the phoenix, and other beasts and birds and the phoenix, and other beasts and birds and the phoenix, and other beasts and birds and the phoenix, and other beasts and

the unicorn, are of form the unicorn, are of form the unicorn, are of form the unicorn, are of form and nature. How can and nature. How can and nature. How can and nature. How can

this be so with the other people's this be so with the other people's this be so with the other people's this be so with the other people's

relationship to the sagerelationship to the sagerelationship to the sagerelationship to the sage????

7777

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「甚矣甚矣甚矣甚矣！！！！聖道無聖道無聖道無聖道無益益益益於於於於庸庸庸庸也也也也。。。。聖聖聖聖讀讀讀讀而而而而庸庸庸庸行行行行，，，，盍盍盍盍

去去去去諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「甚矣甚矣甚矣甚矣！！！！子之不子之不子之不子之不達達達達也也也也。。。。聖聖聖聖讀讀讀讀而而而而庸庸庸庸行行行行，，，，

猶猶猶猶有聞有聞有聞有聞焉焉焉焉。。。。去去去去之之之之，，，，抏抏抏抏也也也也。。。。抏抏抏抏秦秦秦秦者者者者，，，，非斯非斯非斯非斯乎乎乎乎？？？？投投投投諸諸諸諸

火火火火。。。。」」」」




Someone said: Indeed, the sage's dao is Someone said: Indeed, the sage's dao is Someone said: Indeed, the sage's dao is Someone said: Indeed, the sage's dao is of of of of

no benefit in common practice. To read the no benefit in common practice. To read the no benefit in common practice. To read the no benefit in common practice. To read the

sage's writings but continue in ordinary sage's writings but continue in ordinary sage's writings but continue in ordinary sage's writings but continue in ordinary

behaviorsbehaviorsbehaviorsbehaviors————why not just get rid of the why not just get rid of the why not just get rid of the why not just get rid of the

sage's writingssage's writingssage's writingssage's writings????

Yangzi said: How much you fail to Yangzi said: How much you fail to Yangzi said: How much you fail to Yangzi said: How much you fail to

understand! If one reads the sage's writings understand! If one reads the sage's writings understand! If one reads the sage's writings understand! If one reads the sage's writings

but continues in ordinary behaviorsbut continues in ordinary behaviorsbut continues in ordinary behaviorsbut continues in ordinary behaviors, he , he , he , he

still has knowledge of the sage's teachings. still has knowledge of the sage's teachings. still has knowledge of the sage's teachings. still has knowledge of the sage's teachings.

To get rid of the writings is foolishness. To get rid of the writings is foolishness. To get rid of the writings is foolishness. To get rid of the writings is foolishness.

Was Li Si not the one who made fools of the Was Li Si not the one who made fools of the Was Li Si not the one who made fools of the Was Li Si not the one who made fools of the

QinQinQinQin???? He threw the writings into the fire! He threw the writings into the fire! He threw the writings into the fire! He threw the writings into the fire!

8888

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「人人人人何何何何尚尚尚尚？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「尚尚尚尚智智智智。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「多多多多以以以以智智智智

殺殺殺殺身身身身者者者者，，，，何其何其何其何其尚尚尚尚？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔乎昔乎昔乎昔乎臯陶臯陶臯陶臯陶以以以以其其其其智智智智為為為為帝帝帝帝

謨謨謨謨，，，，殺殺殺殺身身身身者者者者遠遠遠遠矣矣矣矣！！！！箕箕箕箕子以子以子以子以其其其其智智智智為武為武為武為武王陳王陳王陳王陳《《《《洪洪洪洪範範範範》，》，》，》，

殺殺殺殺身身身身者者者者遠遠遠遠矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」



ClearlyClearlyClearlyClearly:...::...::...::...:

Someone asked: What do people honorSomeone asked: What do people honorSomeone asked: What do people honorSomeone asked: What do people honor????

Yangzi said: They honor wisdom.Yangzi said: They honor wisdom.Yangzi said: They honor wisdom.Yangzi said: They honor wisdom.

The other said: Many people are killed The other said: Many people are killed The other said: Many people are killed The other said: Many people are killed

because of their wisdom. Why do they honor because of their wisdom. Why do they honor because of their wisdom. Why do they honor because of their wisdom. Why do they honor

itititit????

Yangzi said: In the past, Gao Yao used his Yangzi said: In the past, Gao Yao used his Yangzi said: In the past, Gao Yao used his Yangzi said: In the past, Gao Yao used his

wisdom to remonstrate with the emperor Shun. wisdom to remonstrate with the emperor Shun. wisdom to remonstrate with the emperor Shun. wisdom to remonstrate with the emperor Shun.

He was He was He was He was far from getting himself killed. Jizi far from getting himself killed. Jizi far from getting himself killed. Jizi far from getting himself killed. Jizi

used his wisdom to layout the Hongfan for used his wisdom to layout the Hongfan for used his wisdom to layout the Hongfan for used his wisdom to layout the Hongfan for

KKKKing Wu. He too was far from getting himself ing Wu. He too was far from getting himself ing Wu. He too was far from getting himself ing Wu. He too was far from getting himself

killed.killed.killed.killed.

9999


仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人也也也也，，，，或者劣或者劣或者劣或者劣諸子諸子諸子諸子貢貢貢貢，，，，子子子子貢貢貢貢辭辭辭辭而精而精而精而精之之之之，，，，然然然然

後後後後廓廓廓廓如也如也如也如也。。。。於於於於戲戲戲戲！！！！觀觀觀觀書者書者書者書者違違違違子子子子貢貢貢貢，，，，雖雖雖雖多多多多亦何亦何亦何亦何以以以以為為為為？？？？




Confucius was a sage, but some said that he Confucius was a sage, but some said that he Confucius was a sage, but some said that he Confucius was a sage, but some said that he

was inferior to Zigong. Zigongwas inferior to Zigong. Zigongwas inferior to Zigong. Zigongwas inferior to Zigong. Zigong』』』』s own words s own words s own words s own words

cleared up the issue, so that afterwards, cleared up the issue, so that afterwards, cleared up the issue, so that afterwards, cleared up the issue, so that afterwards,

such an idea was dropped. Indeed! If those such an idea was dropped. Indeed! If those such an idea was dropped. Indeed! If those such an idea was dropped. Indeed! If those

who read the the sage's writings oppose who read the the sage's writings oppose who read the the sage's writings oppose who read the the sage's writings oppose

Zigong on this issue, then although they mayZigong on this issue, then although they mayZigong on this issue, then although they mayZigong on this issue, then although they may

have read much, what good has it done themhave read much, what good has it done themhave read much, what good has it done themhave read much, what good has it done them????

10101010

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 盛盛盛盛哉哉哉哉！！！！成成成成湯湯湯湯丕承丕承丕承丕承也也也也，，，，文文文文王淵懿王淵懿王淵懿王淵懿也也也也。。。。或或或或問問問問「「「「丕承丕承丕承丕承」」」」。。。。

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「由由由由小小小小至大至大至大至大，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦丕丕丕丕乎乎乎乎？？？？革夏革夏革夏革夏以天以天以天以天，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦承承承承

乎乎乎乎？」「？」「？」「？」「淵懿淵懿淵懿淵懿」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「重重重重《《《《易易易易》》》》六六六六爻爻爻爻，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦淵淵淵淵

乎乎乎乎？？？？浸浸浸浸以以以以光光光光大大大大，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦懿乎懿乎懿乎懿乎？」？」？」？」




How magnificent! Cheng Tang was glorious and How magnificent! Cheng Tang was glorious and How magnificent! Cheng Tang was glorious and How magnificent! Cheng Tang was glorious and

inherited the Mandate. inherited the Mandate. inherited the Mandate. inherited the Mandate. KKKKing Wen was profoing Wen was profoing Wen was profoing Wen was profound und und und

and virtuous.and virtuous.and virtuous.and virtuous.

Someone said: What do you mean by "Cheng Someone said: What do you mean by "Cheng Someone said: What do you mean by "Cheng Someone said: What do you mean by "Cheng

Tang was glorious and inherited the Tang was glorious and inherited the Tang was glorious and inherited the Tang was glorious and inherited the

MandateMandateMandateMandate????""""

Yangzi said: He made the Shang to transform Yangzi said: He made the Shang to transform Yangzi said: He made the Shang to transform Yangzi said: He made the Shang to transform

from a small kingdom into a great dynasty. from a small kingdom into a great dynasty. from a small kingdom into a great dynasty. from a small kingdom into a great dynasty.

Is this not gloriousIs this not gloriousIs this not gloriousIs this not glorious???? He revolted against He revolted against He revolted against He revolted against

the Xia using Heaven'sthe Xia using Heaven'sthe Xia using Heaven'sthe Xia using Heaven's Mandate, is this not Mandate, is this not Mandate, is this not Mandate, is this not

to inherit the Mandate itselfto inherit the Mandate itselfto inherit the Mandate itselfto inherit the Mandate itself????

What do you mean by "What do you mean by "What do you mean by "What do you mean by "KKKKing Wen was profound ing Wen was profound ing Wen was profound ing Wen was profound

and virtuousand virtuousand virtuousand virtuous????""""

Yangzi said: Doubling the Yijing's trigrams Yangzi said: Doubling the Yijing's trigrams Yangzi said: Doubling the Yijing's trigrams Yangzi said: Doubling the Yijing's trigrams

to make hexagrams, was this not profoundto make hexagrams, was this not profoundto make hexagrams, was this not profoundto make hexagrams, was this not profound????

Making the Zhou gradually become honorable Making the Zhou gradually become honorable Making the Zhou gradually become honorable Making the Zhou gradually become honorable

and great, is thand great, is thand great, is thand great, is this not exemplaryis not exemplaryis not exemplaryis not exemplary????

11111111


或或或或問問問問「「「「命命命命」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「命命命命者者者者，，，，天之命天之命天之命天之命也也也也，，，，非非非非人人人人為也為也為也為也。。。。

人人人人為為為為不不不不為為為為命命命命。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問人問人問人問人為為為為。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「可以可以可以可以存存存存亡亡亡亡，，，，

可以可以可以可以死死死死生生生生，，，，非非非非命命命命也也也也。。。。命不可命不可命不可命不可避避避避也也也也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「顏顏顏顏氏氏氏氏

之子之子之子之子，，，，冉冉冉冉氏氏氏氏之之之之孫孫孫孫。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「以以以以其其其其無無無無避避避避也也也也。。。。若若若若立立立立巖巖巖巖墻墻墻墻

之下之下之下之下，，，，動動動動而而而而征病征病征病征病，，，，行行行行而而而而招招招招死死死死，，，，命乎命乎命乎命乎！！！！命乎命乎命乎命乎！」！」！」！」




Someone asked about fate.Someone asked about fate.Someone asked about fate.Someone asked about fate.

Yangzi said: Fate is Tian's Yangzi said: Fate is Tian's Yangzi said: Fate is Tian's Yangzi said: Fate is Tian's decree, it is decree, it is decree, it is decree, it is

not mannot mannot mannot man』』』』s doing. What is effected by man is s doing. What is effected by man is s doing. What is effected by man is s doing. What is effected by man is

not fate.not fate.not fate.not fate.

May I ask what you mean by "effected by May I ask what you mean by "effected by May I ask what you mean by "effected by May I ask what you mean by "effected by

manmanmanman????""""

Yangzi said: Situations in which one may Yangzi said: Situations in which one may Yangzi said: Situations in which one may Yangzi said: Situations in which one may

either survive or perish, live or die, are either survive or perish, live or die, are either survive or perish, live or die, are either survive or perish, live or die, are

not matters of fate. Fate is what cannot be not matters of fate. Fate is what cannot be not matters of fate. Fate is what cannot be not matters of fate. Fate is what cannot be

avoided.avoided.avoided.avoided.

The oThe oThe oThe other said: What about Yan Yuan and ther said: What about Yan Yuan and ther said: What about Yan Yuan and ther said: What about Yan Yuan and RRRRan an an an

GengGengGengGeng????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBecause of fate, they could not ecause of fate, they could not ecause of fate, they could not ecause of fate, they could not

avoid an early death. avoid an early death. avoid an early death. avoid an early death. BBBBut if you choose to ut if you choose to ut if you choose to ut if you choose to

stand under a wall that is about to stand under a wall that is about to stand under a wall that is about to stand under a wall that is about to

collapse, where moving will summon disaster collapse, where moving will summon disaster collapse, where moving will summon disaster collapse, where moving will summon disaster

and any action will result in death, is thaand any action will result in death, is thaand any action will result in death, is thaand any action will result in death, is that t t t

fatefatefatefate????

12121212


吉吉吉吉人人人人凶凶凶凶其吉其吉其吉其吉，，，，凶凶凶凶人人人人吉其吉其吉其吉其凶凶凶凶。。。。




Fortunate people treat their Fortunate people treat their Fortunate people treat their Fortunate people treat their good fortune as good fortune as good fortune as good fortune as

bad fortune.bad fortune.bad fortune.bad fortune.

UUUUnfortunate people treat their bad fortune nfortunate people treat their bad fortune nfortunate people treat their bad fortune nfortunate people treat their bad fortune

as good fortune.as good fortune.as good fortune.as good fortune.

13131313

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第......... :. :. :. :

辰辰辰辰乎乎乎乎辰辰辰辰！！！！曷曷曷曷來之來之來之來之遲遲遲遲，，，，去去去去之之之之速也速也速也速也，，，，君子君子君子君子兢兢兢兢諸諸諸諸。。。。




Time! Time! How slowly it comes and how Time! Time! How slowly it comes and how Time! Time! How slowly it comes and how Time! Time! How slowly it comes and how

quickly it goes. The junzi races with it.quickly it goes. The junzi races with it.quickly it goes. The junzi races with it.quickly it goes. The junzi races with it.

14141414


謣謣謣謣言言言言敗俗敗俗敗俗敗俗，，，，謣謣謣謣好好好好敗敗敗敗則則則則，，，，姑息敗姑息敗姑息敗姑息敗德德德德。。。。君子君子君子君子謹謹謹謹於言於言於言於言，，，，慎慎慎慎

於於於於好好好好，，，，亟亟亟亟於於於於時時時時。。。。




RRRRecklessly exaggerated speech destroys ecklessly exaggerated speech destroys ecklessly exaggerated speech destroys ecklessly exaggerated speech destroys

societal norms. societal norms. societal norms. societal norms. UUUUnrestrained desires destroy nrestrained desires destroy nrestrained desires destroy nrestrained desires destroy

the law. the law. the law. the law. SelfSelfSelfSelf----indulgence destroys de. The indulgence destroys de. The indulgence destroys de. The indulgence destroys de. The

junzi is careful in speech, cautious in junzi is careful in speech, cautious in junzi is careful in speech, cautious in junzi is careful in speech, cautious in

desire, and pressed by time.desire, and pressed by time.desire, and pressed by time.desire, and pressed by time.

15151515 問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 吾不見吾不見吾不見吾不見震風震風震風震風之之之之能能能能動動動動聾聵聾聵聾聵聾聵也也也也。。。。




I have not seen a thundering storm that was I have not seen a thundering storm that was I have not seen a thundering storm that was I have not seen a thundering storm that was

able to stir a deaf person.able to stir a deaf person.able to stir a deaf person.able to stir a deaf person.

16161616


或或或或問問問問「「「「君子在君子在君子在君子在治治治治」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若鳳鳳鳳鳳。。。。」「」「」「」「在在在在亂亂亂亂？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若鳳鳳鳳鳳。。。。」」」」或或或或人不人不人不人不諭諭諭諭。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「未未未未之之之之思矣思矣思矣思矣！」！」！」！」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「治治治治則見則見則見則見，，，，亂亂亂亂則則則則隱隱隱隱。。。。鴻鴻鴻鴻飛飛飛飛冥冥冥冥冥冥冥冥，，，，弋弋弋弋人人人人何何何何篡篡篡篡焉焉焉焉。。。。

鷦鷦鷦鷦明明明明遴集遴集遴集遴集，，，，食其食其食其食其潔潔潔潔者矣者矣者矣者矣！！！！鳳鳳鳳鳳鳥鳥鳥鳥蹌蹌蹌蹌蹌蹌蹌蹌，，，，匪匪匪匪堯堯堯堯之之之之庭庭庭庭。。。。」」」」




Someone asked: What is the junzi like in Someone asked: What is the junzi like in Someone asked: What is the junzi like in Someone asked: What is the junzi like in

times of just governmenttimes of just governmenttimes of just governmenttimes of just government????

Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.

What is he like in chaotic What is he like in chaotic What is he like in chaotic What is he like in chaotic timestimestimestimes????

Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.Yangzi said: He is like the phoenix.


Yangzi said: You have yet to think it Yangzi said: You have yet to think it Yangzi said: You have yet to think it Yangzi said: You have yet to think it

through. If it is a time of just government, through. If it is a time of just government, through. If it is a time of just government, through. If it is a time of just government,

he appears. If it is a time of chaos, he he appears. If it is a time of chaos, he he appears. If it is a time of chaos, he he appears. If it is a time of chaos, he

hides. When the wild goose flies high and hides. When the wild goose flies high and hides. When the wild goose flies high and hides. When the wild goose flies high and

far, how can thefar, how can thefar, how can thefar, how can the archer hope to shoot himarcher hope to shoot himarcher hope to shoot himarcher hope to shoot him????

The jiao ming carefully chooses a place to The jiao ming carefully chooses a place to The jiao ming carefully chooses a place to The jiao ming carefully chooses a place to

gather and eats only pure things. When the gather and eats only pure things. When the gather and eats only pure things. When the gather and eats only pure things. When the

phoenix takes off, he flies to the hall of phoenix takes off, he flies to the hall of phoenix takes off, he flies to the hall of phoenix takes off, he flies to the hall of

Yao.Yao.Yao.Yao.

17171717


亨亨亨亨龍龍龍龍潛潛潛潛升升升升，，，，其貞利其貞利其貞利其貞利乎乎乎乎？？？？或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「龍龍龍龍何如何如何如何如可以可以可以可以貞利而貞利而貞利而貞利而

亨亨亨亨。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「時時時時未未未未可可可可而而而而潛潛潛潛，，，，不不不不亦貞亦貞亦貞亦貞乎乎乎乎？？？？時時時時可可可可而而而而升升升升，，，，

不不不不亦利亦利亦利亦利乎乎乎乎？？？？潛潛潛潛升升升升在在在在己己己己，，，，用用用用之以之以之以之以時時時時，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦亨亨亨亨乎乎乎乎。。。。」」」」




A successful dragon lays low or rises to A successful dragon lays low or rises to A successful dragon lays low or rises to A successful dragon lays low or rises to

view in accordance with his integrity view in accordance with his integrity view in accordance with his integrity view in accordance with his integrity and and and and

advantage.advantage.advantage.advantage.

The other said: How does the dragon use his The other said: How does the dragon use his The other said: How does the dragon use his The other said: How does the dragon use his

integrity and advantage and thereby succeedintegrity and advantage and thereby succeedintegrity and advantage and thereby succeedintegrity and advantage and thereby succeed????

Yangzi said: If the time is not right, he Yangzi said: If the time is not right, he Yangzi said: If the time is not right, he Yangzi said: If the time is not right, he

hides. Is this not integrityhides. Is this not integrityhides. Is this not integrityhides. Is this not integrity???? If the time is If the time is If the time is If the time is

right, he rises. Is this not seizing an right, he rises. Is this not seizing an right, he rises. Is this not seizing an right, he rises. Is this not seizing an

advantageadvantageadvantageadvantage???? If one is able If one is able If one is able If one is able both to hide and both to hide and both to hide and both to hide and

to rise, and act according to the times, is to rise, and act according to the times, is to rise, and act according to the times, is to rise, and act according to the times, is

this not indeed successthis not indeed successthis not indeed successthis not indeed success????

18181818

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第............ :::: 或或或或問問問問「「「「活活活活身身身身」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明哲明哲明哲明哲。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「童童童童蒙則蒙則蒙則蒙則

活活活活，，，，何何何何乃乃乃乃明哲乎明哲乎明哲乎明哲乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子所貴所貴所貴所貴，，，，亦亦亦亦越越越越用用用用明保明保明保明保

慎慎慎慎其其其其身身身身也也也也。。。。如如如如庸庸庸庸行行行行翳翳翳翳路路路路，，，，沖沖沖沖沖沖沖沖而而而而活活活活，，，，君子不君子不君子不君子不貴貴貴貴

也也也也。。。。」」」」




Someone asked about preserving one's life.Someone asked about preserving one's life.Someone asked about preserving one's life.Someone asked about preserving one's life.

Yangzi said: It is a matter of illuminated Yangzi said: It is a matter of illuminated Yangzi said: It is a matter of illuminated Yangzi said: It is a matter of illuminated

wisdom.wisdom.wisdom.wisdom.

The other said: If the young and The other said: If the young and The other said: If the young and The other said: If the young and

unenlightened can preserunenlightened can preserunenlightened can preserunenlightened can preserve themselves, then ve themselves, then ve themselves, then ve themselves, then

how is it only a matter of illuminated how is it only a matter of illuminated how is it only a matter of illuminated how is it only a matter of illuminated

wisdomwisdomwisdomwisdom????

Yangzi said: The junzi only values using his Yangzi said: The junzi only values using his Yangzi said: The junzi only values using his Yangzi said: The junzi only values using his

wisdom to preserve his life. If it means wisdom to preserve his life. If it means wisdom to preserve his life. If it means wisdom to preserve his life. If it means

blundering in panic down a darkened road blundering in panic down a darkened road blundering in panic down a darkened road blundering in panic down a darkened road

like a fool and somehow preserving his life, like a fool and somehow preserving his life, like a fool and somehow preserving his life, like a fool and somehow preserving his life,

the junzi would nthe junzi would nthe junzi would nthe junzi would not value it.ot value it.ot value it.ot value it.

19191919


楚兩龔楚兩龔楚兩龔楚兩龔之之之之絜絜絜絜，，，，其其其其清清清清矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！蜀蜀蜀蜀莊莊莊莊沈冥沈冥沈冥沈冥。。。。蜀蜀蜀蜀莊莊莊莊之之之之才才才才之之之之珍珍珍珍

也也也也，，，，不不不不作作作作苟苟苟苟見見見見，，，，不不不不治治治治苟苟苟苟得得得得，，，，久久久久幽幽幽幽而而而而不不不不改改改改其其其其操操操操。。。。雖雖雖雖

隨隨隨隨、、、、和和和和何何何何以以以以加加加加諸諸諸諸？？？？舉舉舉舉茲茲茲茲以以以以旃旃旃旃，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦寶寶寶寶乎乎乎乎？？？？吾吾吾吾珍珍珍珍莊莊莊莊

也也也也，，，，居居居居難難難難為也為也為也為也。。。。不不不不慕慕慕慕由由由由，，，，即即即即夷夷夷夷矣矣矣矣。。。。何何何何毚毚毚毚欲欲欲欲之有之有之有之有？？？？




The purity of Gong Sheng and Gong She from The purity of Gong Sheng and Gong She from The purity of Gong Sheng and Gong She from The purity of Gong Sheng and Gong She from

Chu were lofty indeed! Zhuang Zun of Shu Chu were lofty indeed! Zhuang Zun of Shu Chu were lofty indeed! Zhuang Zun of Shu Chu were lofty indeed! Zhuang Zun of Shu

lived in deep seclusion, and his talents lived in deep seclusion, and his talents lived in deep seclusion, and his talents lived in deep seclusion, and his talents

were truly valuable. He neither acted for were truly valuable. He neither acted for were truly valuable. He neither acted for were truly valuable. He neither acted for

attention and respect, nor did he serve in attention and respect, nor did he serve in attention and respect, nor did he serve in attention and respect, nor did he serve in

government in order to obtain wealth and government in order to obtain wealth and government in order to obtain wealth and government in order to obtain wealth and

honorhonorhonorhonor. He hid himself for a long time and . He hid himself for a long time and . He hid himself for a long time and . He hid himself for a long time and

did not deviate from his principles. Even if did not deviate from his principles. Even if did not deviate from his principles. Even if did not deviate from his principles. Even if

one had the pearls of the Sui or the He Shi one had the pearls of the Sui or the He Shi one had the pearls of the Sui or the He Shi one had the pearls of the Sui or the He Shi

BBBBi, how could these surpass the value of i, how could these surpass the value of i, how could these surpass the value of i, how could these surpass the value of

Zhuang's integrity. I raise him up as a Zhuang's integrity. I raise him up as a Zhuang's integrity. I raise him up as a Zhuang's integrity. I raise him up as a

bannerbannerbannerbanner————is he not indeed preciousis he not indeed preciousis he not indeed preciousis he not indeed precious???? I greatly I greatly I greatly I greatly

admiradmiradmiradmire Zhuang, his position was difficult to e Zhuang, his position was difficult to e Zhuang, his position was difficult to e Zhuang, his position was difficult to

maintain. If he did not aspire to equal Xu maintain. If he did not aspire to equal Xu maintain. If he did not aspire to equal Xu maintain. If he did not aspire to equal Xu

You, then he aspired to equal You, then he aspired to equal You, then he aspired to equal You, then he aspired to equal BBBBo Yi. What o Yi. What o Yi. What o Yi. What

greedy desires could he have hadgreedy desires could he have hadgreedy desires could he have hadgreedy desires could he have had????

20202020

問明問明問明問明卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「堯堯堯堯將將將將讓讓讓讓天下於天下於天下於天下於許許許許由由由由，，，，由由由由恥恥恥恥。。。。有諸有諸有諸有諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「好好好好大大大大者為者為者為者為之之之之也也也也。。。。顧顧顧顧由由由由無無無無求求求求於於於於世而已矣世而已矣世而已矣世而已矣！！！！允允允允喆喆喆喆堯堯堯堯儃儃儃儃

舜舜舜舜之重之重之重之重，，，，則不則不則不則不輕輕輕輕於於於於由由由由矣矣矣矣。。。。好好好好大大大大累累累累克克克克，，，，巢巢巢巢父父父父灑灑灑灑耳耳耳耳，，，，不不不不

亦亦亦亦宜宜宜宜乎乎乎乎？？？？靈靈靈靈場場場場之之之之威威威威，，，，宜宜宜宜夜矣夜矣夜矣夜矣乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」




Someone asked: Yao was about to cede all Someone asked: Yao was about to cede all Someone asked: Yao was about to cede all Someone asked: Yao was about to cede all

under Heaven to Xu You, but Xu You was under Heaven to Xu You, but Xu You was under Heaven to Xu You, but Xu You was under Heaven to Xu You, but Xu You was

ashamed. Did this really happenashamed. Did this really happenashamed. Did this really happenashamed. Did this really happen????

Yangzi said: That is how those who like to Yangzi said: That is how those who like to Yangzi said: That is how those who like to Yangzi said: That is how those who like to

exaggerate would tell it. In fact, Xu You exaggerate would tell it. In fact, Xu You exaggerate would tell it. In fact, Xu You exaggerate would tell it. In fact, Xu You

had no worldly desireshad no worldly desireshad no worldly desireshad no worldly desires at all. If one truly at all. If one truly at all. If one truly at all. If one truly

understood the seriousness with which Yao understood the seriousness with which Yao understood the seriousness with which Yao understood the seriousness with which Yao

abdicated to Shun, then one would know that abdicated to Shun, then one would know that abdicated to Shun, then one would know that abdicated to Shun, then one would know that

he would not have rashly abdicated to Xu he would not have rashly abdicated to Xu he would not have rashly abdicated to Xu he would not have rashly abdicated to Xu

You. Those who like to exaggerate have built You. Those who like to exaggerate have built You. Those who like to exaggerate have built You. Those who like to exaggerate have built

up the story and gone beyond the truth of up the story and gone beyond the truth of up the story and gone beyond the truth of up the story and gone beyond the truth of

the matter. The storthe matter. The storthe matter. The storthe matter. The story of Chaofu washing out y of Chaofu washing out y of Chaofu washing out y of Chaofu washing out

his ears, isn't this also the same sort of his ears, isn't this also the same sort of his ears, isn't this also the same sort of his ears, isn't this also the same sort of

exaggerationexaggerationexaggerationexaggeration???? To frighten people the way To frighten people the way To frighten people the way To frighten people the way

haunted places do, donhaunted places do, donhaunted places do, donhaunted places do, don』』』』t you need the dark t you need the dark t you need the dark t you need the dark

of nightof nightof nightof night????

21212121


朱鳥朱鳥朱鳥朱鳥翾翾翾翾翾翾翾翾，，，，歸歸歸歸其其其其肆肆肆肆矣矣矣矣。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「奚奚奚奚取取取取於於於於朱鳥哉朱鳥哉朱鳥哉朱鳥哉？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「時時時時來則來來則來來則來來則來，，，，時時時時往往往往則則則則往往往往，，，，能能能能來來來來能往者能往者能往者能往者，，，，朱鳥朱鳥朱鳥朱鳥之之之之

謂與謂與謂與謂與？」？」？」？」



The swallow flits around, coming and going The swallow flits around, coming and going The swallow flits around, coming and going The swallow flits around, coming and going

without restraint.without restraint.without restraint.without restraint.

Clearly:...:Clearly:...:Clearly:...:Clearly:...: Someone said: What do you admire about the Someone said: What do you admire about the Someone said: What do you admire about the Someone said: What do you admire about the

swallowswallowswallowswallow????

Yangzi said: When it is time to come, he Yangzi said: When it is time to come, he Yangzi said: When it is time to come, he Yangzi said: When it is time to come, he

comes. When it is time to go, he goes. comes. When it is time to go, he goes. comes. When it is time to go, he goes. comes. When it is time to go, he goes. OOOOne ne ne ne

who is able to come and who is able to come and who is able to come and who is able to come and gogogogo————that describes a that describes a that describes a that describes a

swallow, does it notswallow, does it notswallow, does it notswallow, does it not????

22222222


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「韓韓韓韓非作非作非作非作《《《《說說說說難難難難》》》》之之之之書而書而書而書而卒卒卒卒死死死死乎乎乎乎說說說說難難難難，，，，敢敢敢敢問問問問

何何何何反反反反也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「說說說說難難難難蓋蓋蓋蓋其所其所其所其所以以以以死死死死乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何何何何

也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子以禮動君子以禮動君子以禮動君子以禮動，，，，以義以義以義以義止止止止，，，，合合合合則則則則進進進進，，，，否否否否則則則則

退退退退，，，，確確確確乎不乎不乎不乎不憂其憂其憂其憂其不不不不合合合合也也也也。。。。夫說夫說夫說夫說人人人人而憂其而憂其而憂其而憂其不不不不合合合合，，，，則則則則亦亦亦亦

無無無無所所所所不至不至不至不至矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「說說說說之不之不之不之不合合合合，，，，非憂邪非憂邪非憂邪非憂邪？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「說說說說不不不不由由由由道道道道，，，，憂也憂也憂也憂也；；；；由由由由道道道道而而而而不不不不合合合合，，，，非憂也非憂也非憂也非憂也。。。。」」」」




Someone said: Han Feizi wrote tSomeone said: Han Feizi wrote tSomeone said: Han Feizi wrote tSomeone said: Han Feizi wrote the Difficulty he Difficulty he Difficulty he Difficulty

of Persuaders and ended up dying because of of Persuaders and ended up dying because of of Persuaders and ended up dying because of of Persuaders and ended up dying because of

the difficulties of persuasion. Dare I ask the difficulties of persuasion. Dare I ask the difficulties of persuasion. Dare I ask the difficulties of persuasion. Dare I ask

why the situation turned back on himwhy the situation turned back on himwhy the situation turned back on himwhy the situation turned back on him????

Yangzi said: The Difficulty of Persuaders is Yangzi said: The Difficulty of Persuaders is Yangzi said: The Difficulty of Persuaders is Yangzi said: The Difficulty of Persuaders is

probably what killed him.probably what killed him.probably what killed him.probably what killed him.

The other said: WhyThe other said: WhyThe other said: WhyThe other said: Why????

Yangzi said: A junzi actsYangzi said: A junzi actsYangzi said: A junzi actsYangzi said: A junzi acts in accord with li in accord with li in accord with li in accord with li

and stops in accord with yi. If he conforms and stops in accord with yi. If he conforms and stops in accord with yi. If he conforms and stops in accord with yi. If he conforms

to the ruler's opinion he serves in to the ruler's opinion he serves in to the ruler's opinion he serves in to the ruler's opinion he serves in

government, otherwise he retires. He stands government, otherwise he retires. He stands government, otherwise he retires. He stands government, otherwise he retires. He stands

firm and does not worry that he does not firm and does not worry that he does not firm and does not worry that he does not firm and does not worry that he does not

conform. Now, if he is a persuader and conform. Now, if he is a persuader and conform. Now, if he is a persuader and conform. Now, if he is a persuader and

worries about not conforming, theworries about not conforming, theworries about not conforming, theworries about not conforming, then he will n he will n he will n he will

stop at nothing.stop at nothing.stop at nothing.stop at nothing.

The other said: Is it not worth worrying The other said: Is it not worth worrying The other said: Is it not worth worrying The other said: Is it not worth worrying

whether one's persuasion will fail to whether one's persuasion will fail to whether one's persuasion will fail to whether one's persuasion will fail to

conformconformconformconform????

Yangzi said: If one's persuasion does not Yangzi said: If one's persuasion does not Yangzi said: If one's persuasion does not Yangzi said: If one's persuasion does not

follow the Dao, that is worth worrying follow the Dao, that is worth worrying follow the Dao, that is worth worrying follow the Dao, that is worth worrying

about! about! about! about! BBBBut following the Dao and not ut following the Dao and not ut following the Dao and not ut following the Dao and not

conformingconformingconformingconforming————this is noththis is noththis is noththis is nothing to worry about!ing to worry about!ing to worry about!ing to worry about!

23232323


或或或或問問問問「「「「哲哲哲哲」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「旁明旁明旁明旁明厥厥厥厥思思思思。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「行行行行」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「旁旁旁旁通厥通厥通厥通厥德德德德。。。。」」」」




Someone asked about wisdom.Someone asked about wisdom.Someone asked about wisdom.Someone asked about wisdom.

Yangzi said: Make your thoughts completely Yangzi said: Make your thoughts completely Yangzi said: Make your thoughts completely Yangzi said: Make your thoughts completely

clear.clear.clear.clear.

He asked about action.He asked about action.He asked about action.He asked about action.

Yangzi said: Let your de pervade everywhere.Yangzi said: Let your de pervade everywhere.Yangzi said: Let your de pervade everywhere.Yangzi said: Let your de pervade everywhere.

《《《《寡見寡見寡見寡見卷第七卷第七卷第七卷第七 ---- The Seldom SeenThe Seldom SeenThe Seldom SeenThe Seldom Seen》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

寡見寡見寡見寡見卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

吾寡見人之吾寡見人之吾寡見人之吾寡見人之好好好好假假假假者也者也者也者也。。。。邇邇邇邇文文文文之之之之視視視視，，，，邇言之邇言之邇言之邇言之聽聽聽聽，，，，假則假則假則假則偭偭偭偭

焉焉焉焉。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「曷曷曷曷若茲若茲若茲若茲之之之之甚也甚也甚也甚也？？？？先王之道先王之道先王之道先王之道滿滿滿滿門門門門。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「不不不不得已也得已也得已也得已也，，，，得已得已得已得已則則則則已矣已矣已矣已矣。。。。得已而得已而得已而得已而不不不不已者已者已者已者，，，，寡寡寡寡哉哉哉哉！」！」！」！」

The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom

Seen:Seen:Seen:Seen:

I have seldom seen people who love the distant I have seldom seen people who love the distant I have seldom seen people who love the distant I have seldom seen people who love the distant

past. past. past. past. RRRReading recent literature, hearing eading recent literature, hearing eading recent literature, hearing eading recent literature, hearing

recent speech, people turn recent speech, people turn recent speech, people turn recent speech, people turn their backs on the their backs on the their backs on the their backs on the

past.past.past.past.

Someone said: How can the situation be that Someone said: How can the situation be that Someone said: How can the situation be that Someone said: How can the situation be that

seriousseriousseriousserious???? The gates of those who teach the dao The gates of those who teach the dao The gates of those who teach the dao The gates of those who teach the dao

of the former kings are filled with students.of the former kings are filled with students.of the former kings are filled with students.of the former kings are filled with students.

Yangzi said: That is because they cannot avoid Yangzi said: That is because they cannot avoid Yangzi said: That is because they cannot avoid Yangzi said: That is because they cannot avoid

it. If they could, they would. Those who could it. If they could, they would. Those who could it. If they could, they would. Those who could it. If they could, they would. Those who could

avoid doing it and yet would not, how few they avoid doing it and yet would not, how few they avoid doing it and yet would not, how few they avoid doing it and yet would not, how few they

are!are!are!are!

2222


好好好好盡盡盡盡其其其其心於聖人之道心於聖人之道心於聖人之道心於聖人之道者者者者，，，，君子君子君子君子也也也也。。。。人人人人亦亦亦亦有有有有好好好好盡盡盡盡其其其其心心心心

矣矣矣矣，，，，未必未必未必未必聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道也也也也。。。。



He who loves to exhaust his xin in the sage's He who loves to exhaust his xin in the sage's He who loves to exhaust his xin in the sage's He who loves to exhaust his xin in the sage's

dao is a junzi. dao is a junzi. dao is a junzi. dao is a junzi. OOOOther people also love to ther people also love to ther people also love to ther people also love to

exhaust their xin, but not necessarily in the exhaust their xin, but not necessarily in the exhaust their xin, but not necessarily in the exhaust their xin, but not necessarily in the

sage's dao.sage's dao.sage's dao.sage's dao.

3333


多多多多聞見聞見聞見聞見而而而而識識識識乎至道乎至道乎至道乎至道者者者者，，，，至至至至識識識識也也也也。。。。多多多多聞見聞見聞見聞見而而而而識識識識乎乎乎乎邪邪邪邪道道道道

者者者者，，，，迷迷迷迷識識識識也也也也。。。。



Hearing and seeing much, and basing one's Hearing and seeing much, and basing one's Hearing and seeing much, and basing one's Hearing and seeing much, and basing one's

knowledge on the correct dao knowledge on the correct dao knowledge on the correct dao knowledge on the correct dao ———— this is the this is the this is the this is the

height of knowledge. Hearing and seeing much, height of knowledge. Hearing and seeing much, height of knowledge. Hearing and seeing much, height of knowledge. Hearing and seeing much,

but basing one's knowledge on a crooked dao, but basing one's knowledge on a crooked dao, but basing one's knowledge on a crooked dao, but basing one's knowledge on a crooked dao,

this is confusion.this is confusion.this is confusion.this is confusion.

4444


如賢如賢如賢如賢人人人人謀謀謀謀之之之之，，，，美美美美也也也也，，，，詘詘詘詘人人人人而而而而從從從從道道道道。。。。如小如小如小如小人人人人謀謀謀謀之之之之，，，，不不不不美美美美

也也也也，，，，詘詘詘詘道道道道而而而而從從從從人人人人。。。。

The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom The beauty in a worthy man's plans lies in The beauty in a worthy man's plans lies in The beauty in a worthy man's plans lies in The beauty in a worthy man's plans lies in

Seen:Seen:Seen:Seen: bending what is human to follow the Dao. The bending what is human to follow the Dao. The bending what is human to follow the Dao. The bending what is human to follow the Dao. The

imperfection in a small man's plans lies in imperfection in a small man's plans lies in imperfection in a small man's plans lies in imperfection in a small man's plans lies in

bending the Dao to what is human.bending the Dao to what is human.bending the Dao to what is human.bending the Dao to what is human.

5555


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「五經有五經有五經有五經有辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「惟惟惟惟五經五經五經五經為為為為辯辯辯辯。。。。說說說說天天天天者者者者

莫莫莫莫辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎《《《《易易易易》，》，》，》，說說說說事事事事者者者者莫莫莫莫辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎《《《《書書書書》，》，》，》，說說說說體體體體者者者者莫莫莫莫辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎

《《《《禮禮禮禮》，》，》，》，說說說說誌誌誌誌者者者者莫莫莫莫辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎《《《《詩詩詩詩》，》，》，》，說說說說理理理理者者者者莫莫莫莫辯辯辯辯乎乎乎乎《《《《春春春春

秋秋秋秋》。》。》。》。舍斯舍斯舍斯舍斯，，，，辯辯辯辯亦小矣亦小矣亦小矣亦小矣。。。。」」」」



Someone Someone Someone Someone asked: Do the Five Classics have asked: Do the Five Classics have asked: Do the Five Classics have asked: Do the Five Classics have

explicationsexplicationsexplicationsexplications????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: OOOOnly the Five Classics truly are nly the Five Classics truly are nly the Five Classics truly are nly the Five Classics truly are

explications. For discussing Heaven, there is explications. For discussing Heaven, there is explications. For discussing Heaven, there is explications. For discussing Heaven, there is

no explication better than the Yijing. For no explication better than the Yijing. For no explication better than the Yijing. For no explication better than the Yijing. For

discussing affairs, there is no explication discussing affairs, there is no explication discussing affairs, there is no explication discussing affairs, there is no explication

better than the better than the better than the better than the BBBBook of Documeook of Documeook of Documeook of Documents. For nts. For nts. For nts. For

discussing li, there is no explication better discussing li, there is no explication better discussing li, there is no explication better discussing li, there is no explication better

than the Liji. For discussing the heartthan the Liji. For discussing the heartthan the Liji. For discussing the heartthan the Liji. For discussing the heart』』』』s s s s

intention, there is no explication intention, there is no explication intention, there is no explication intention, there is no explication [[[[better better better better

thanthanthanthan]]]] the Shijing. For discussing universal the Shijing. For discussing universal the Shijing. For discussing universal the Shijing. For discussing universal

principle, there is no explication better than principle, there is no explication better than principle, there is no explication better than principle, there is no explication better than

the Spring and Autumn Annthe Spring and Autumn Annthe Spring and Autumn Annthe Spring and Autumn Annals. Excluding these, als. Excluding these, als. Excluding these, als. Excluding these,

all other explications are trifling indeed.all other explications are trifling indeed.all other explications are trifling indeed.all other explications are trifling indeed.

6666


春春春春木木木木之之之之芚兮芚兮芚兮芚兮，，，，援援援援我我我我手手手手之之之之鶉兮鶉兮鶉兮鶉兮。。。。去去去去之五百之五百之五百之五百歲歲歲歲，，，，其其其其人人人人若若若若存存存存

兮兮兮兮。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「譊譊譊譊譊譊譊譊者者者者天下天下天下天下皆皆皆皆說也說也說也說也，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其存存存存？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「曼曼曼曼是為也是為也是為也是為也，，，，天下之天下之天下之天下之亡亡亡亡聖聖聖聖也久矣也久矣也久矣也久矣。。。。呱呱呱呱呱呱呱呱之子之子之子之子、、、、各識各識各識各識其其其其

親親親親；；；；譊譊譊譊譊譊譊譊之學之學之學之學，，，，各各各各習其師習其師習其師習其師。。。。精而精精而精精而精精而精之之之之，，，，是是是是在在在在其其其其中中中中

矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」



Like trees sprouting in spring, Like trees sprouting in spring, Like trees sprouting in spring, Like trees sprouting in spring, great is the great is the great is the great is the

hand that leads me on! Although Confucius died hand that leads me on! Although Confucius died hand that leads me on! Although Confucius died hand that leads me on! Although Confucius died

five hundred years ago, it is as if he were five hundred years ago, it is as if he were five hundred years ago, it is as if he were five hundred years ago, it is as if he were

still here.still here.still here.still here.

Someone said: All under Heaven unceasingly Someone said: All under Heaven unceasingly Someone said: All under Heaven unceasingly Someone said: All under Heaven unceasingly

bicker and make persuasions. Where is he nowbicker and make persuasions. Where is he nowbicker and make persuasions. Where is he nowbicker and make persuasions. Where is he now????

Yangzi said: Do not talk like that! The world Yangzi said: Do not talk like that! The world Yangzi said: Do not talk like that! The world Yangzi said: Do not talk like that! The world

has bhas bhas bhas been without the sage for a long time. een without the sage for a long time. een without the sage for a long time. een without the sage for a long time.

Just as crying children only recognize their Just as crying children only recognize their Just as crying children only recognize their Just as crying children only recognize their

own mother, those unceasingly bickering own mother, those unceasingly bickering own mother, those unceasingly bickering own mother, those unceasingly bickering

Confucian scholars study only their own Confucian scholars study only their own Confucian scholars study only their own Confucian scholars study only their own

teachers. Singleteachers. Singleteachers. Singleteachers. Single----mindedly concentrate on the mindedly concentrate on the mindedly concentrate on the mindedly concentrate on the

essentials, Confucius lies therein.essentials, Confucius lies therein.essentials, Confucius lies therein.essentials, Confucius lies therein.

7777

寡見寡見寡見寡見卷第卷第卷第卷第... ... ... ... ::::

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「良玉良玉良玉良玉不不不不雕雕雕雕，，，，美美美美言不言不言不言不文文文文，，，，何謂也何謂也何謂也何謂也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「玉玉玉玉

不不不不雕雕雕雕，，，，璵璠璵璠璵璠璵璠不不不不作作作作器器器器。。。。言不言不言不言不文文文文，，，，典謨典謨典謨典謨不不不不作作作作經經經經。。。。」」」」



Someone said: "Excellent jade need not be Someone said: "Excellent jade need not be Someone said: "Excellent jade need not be Someone said: "Excellent jade need not be

carved, and beautiful words need not be carved, and beautiful words need not be carved, and beautiful words need not be carved, and beautiful words need not be

refined." What would you say about thatrefined." What would you say about thatrefined." What would you say about thatrefined." What would you say about that????

Yangzi said: If jade were not carved, then Yangzi said: If jade were not carved, then Yangzi said: If jade were not carved, then Yangzi said: If jade were not carved, then

yufan could not be made iyufan could not be made iyufan could not be made iyufan could not be made into implements. If nto implements. If nto implements. If nto implements. If

their speech were not refined, the Yaodian and their speech were not refined, the Yaodian and their speech were not refined, the Yaodian and their speech were not refined, the Yaodian and

Gao Yao mo could not have become classics.Gao Yao mo could not have become classics.Gao Yao mo could not have become classics.Gao Yao mo could not have become classics.

8888


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「司司司司馬馬馬馬子子子子長長長長有言有言有言有言，，，，曰曰曰曰五經不五經不五經不五經不如如如如《《《《老老老老子子子子》》》》之之之之約約約約

也也也也，，，，當當當當年年年年不不不不能能能能極極極極其其其其變變變變，，，，終身不終身不終身不終身不能能能能究究究究其業其業其業其業。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若

是是是是則周則周則周則周公公公公惑惑惑惑，，，，孔子孔子孔子孔子賊賊賊賊。。。。古古古古者者者者之學之學之學之學耕耕耕耕且養且養且養且養，，，，三年三年三年三年通通通通一一一一。。。。

今今今今之學之學之學之學也也也也，，，，非非非非獨獨獨獨為為為為之之之之華華華華藻藻藻藻也也也也，，，，又又又又從從從從而而而而繡繡繡繡其其其其鞶帨鞶帨鞶帨鞶帨，，，，惡惡惡惡在在在在

其其其其《《《《老老老老》》》》不不不不《《《《老老老老》》》》也也也也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「學學學學者者者者之之之之說說說說可可可可約約約約

邪邪邪邪？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「可可可可約約約約解解解解科科科科。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Sima Qian said that the Five Someone said: Sima Qian said that the Five Someone said: Sima Qian said that the Five Someone said: Sima Qian said that the Five

Classics are not as concise as the Laozi. In Classics are not as concise as the Laozi. In Classics are not as concise as the Laozi. In Classics are not as concise as the Laozi. In

one's whole life one could not exhaust their one's whole life one could not exhaust their one's whole life one could not exhaust their one's whole life one could not exhaust their

variations, and until one's death, one variations, and until one's death, one variations, and until one's death, one variations, and until one's death, one could could could could

not fully examine their content.not fully examine their content.not fully examine their content.not fully examine their content.

Yangzi said: If this were so, then the Duke of Yangzi said: If this were so, then the Duke of Yangzi said: If this were so, then the Duke of Yangzi said: If this were so, then the Duke of

Zhou and Confucius merely confused and harmed Zhou and Confucius merely confused and harmed Zhou and Confucius merely confused and harmed Zhou and Confucius merely confused and harmed

later generations. When people studied in the later generations. When people studied in the later generations. When people studied in the later generations. When people studied in the

past, they still had to plow the land and past, they still had to plow the land and past, they still had to plow the land and past, they still had to plow the land and

support themselves, yet within threesupport themselves, yet within threesupport themselves, yet within threesupport themselves, yet within three years years years years

they could penetrate one text. As for people they could penetrate one text. As for people they could penetrate one text. As for people they could penetrate one text. As for people

studying today, not only do they ornament the studying today, not only do they ornament the studying today, not only do they ornament the studying today, not only do they ornament the

Classics with flowery Classics with flowery Classics with flowery Classics with flowery [[[[commentarycommentarycommentarycommentary]]]], they also , they also , they also , they also

proceed to embroider their belts and the proceed to embroider their belts and the proceed to embroider their belts and the proceed to embroider their belts and the

carrying cases for the texts. What does this carrying cases for the texts. What does this carrying cases for the texts. What does this carrying cases for the texts. What does this

have to do with the Laozihave to do with the Laozihave to do with the Laozihave to do with the Laozi????

The other said: Can the commentaries of the The other said: Can the commentaries of the The other said: Can the commentaries of the The other said: Can the commentaries of the

scholars be made more concisescholars be made more concisescholars be made more concisescholars be made more concise????

Yangzi said: They could be condensed, Yangzi said: They could be condensed, Yangzi said: They could be condensed, Yangzi said: They could be condensed,

explained and put in order.explained and put in order.explained and put in order.explained and put in order.

9999


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子聽聽聽聽聲聲聲聲乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子惟惟惟惟正正正正之之之之聽聽聽聽；；；；荒荒荒荒乎乎乎乎

淫淫淫淫，，，，拂拂拂拂乎乎乎乎正正正正，，，，沈沈沈沈而樂者而樂者而樂者而樂者，，，，君子不君子不君子不君子不聽也聽也聽也聽也。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Does the junzi listen to musicSomeone said: Does the junzi listen to musicSomeone said: Does the junzi listen to musicSomeone said: Does the junzi listen to music????

Yangzi said: The junzi only listens to it if Yangzi said: The junzi only listens to it if Yangzi said: The junzi only listens to it if Yangzi said: The junzi only listens to it if

it is it is it is it is correct. If it is wild in its excess, is correct. If it is wild in its excess, is correct. If it is wild in its excess, is correct. If it is wild in its excess, is

opposed to the correct, or submerges one in opposed to the correct, or submerges one in opposed to the correct, or submerges one in opposed to the correct, or submerges one in

pleasure, then the junzi does not listen.pleasure, then the junzi does not listen.pleasure, then the junzi does not listen.pleasure, then the junzi does not listen.

10101010


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「侍侍侍侍君子以君子以君子以君子以博博博博乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「侍侍侍侍坐坐坐坐則則則則聽聽聽聽言言言言，，，，有有有有酒酒酒酒

則則則則觀觀觀觀禮禮禮禮。。。。焉焉焉焉事事事事博博博博乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「不有不有不有不有博弈博弈博弈博弈者者者者乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「為為為為之之之之猶賢猶賢猶賢猶賢於於於於已已已已耳耳耳耳。。。。侍侍侍侍君子君子君子君子者賢者賢者賢者賢於於於於已已已已乎乎乎乎？？？？君子不君子不君子不君子不

可可可可得而得而得而得而侍侍侍侍也也也也。。。。侍侍侍侍君子君子君子君子，，，，晦晦晦晦斯斯斯斯光光光光，，，，窒窒窒窒斯斯斯斯通通通通，，，，亡亡亡亡斯斯斯斯有有有有，，，，辱辱辱辱

斯斯斯斯榮榮榮榮，，，，敗敗敗敗斯斯斯斯成成成成。。。。如如如如之之之之何賢何賢何賢何賢於於於於已也已也已也已也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Does one attend the junzi by Someone asked: Does one attend the junzi by Someone asked: Does one attend the junzi by Someone asked: Does one attend the junzi by

playing chessplaying chessplaying chessplaying chess????

Yangzi said: When sitting in attendance on the Yangzi said: When sitting in attendance on the Yangzi said: When sitting in attendance on the Yangzi said: When sitting in attendance on the

junzi, one listens to him talkjunzi, one listens to him talkjunzi, one listens to him talkjunzi, one listens to him talk;;;; if there is a if there is a if there is a if there is a

feast, then one observes him perform ritual. feast, then one observes him perform ritual. feast, then one observes him perform ritual. feast, then one observes him perform ritual.

How could he engage in playing chessHow could he engage in playing chessHow could he engage in playing chessHow could he engage in playing chess????

The other quoted the Lunyu: "Then there are The other quoted the Lunyu: "Then there are The other quoted the Lunyu: "Then there are The other quoted the Lunyu: "Then there are

the chess players, are there notthe chess players, are there notthe chess players, are there notthe chess players, are there not????""""

Yangzi said: "Playing chess is better than Yangzi said: "Playing chess is better than Yangzi said: "Playing chess is better than Yangzi said: "Playing chess is better than

doing nothing.doing nothing.doing nothing.doing nothing.」」」」 BBBBut is attending the junzi ut is attending the junzi ut is attending the junzi ut is attending the junzi

merely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothing????" " " " OOOOne cannot ne cannot ne cannot ne cannot

attend a junzi in this way. When you sit iattend a junzi in this way. When you sit iattend a junzi in this way. When you sit iattend a junzi in this way. When you sit in n n n

attendance on a junzi: darkness becomes attendance on a junzi: darkness becomes attendance on a junzi: darkness becomes attendance on a junzi: darkness becomes

enlightenedenlightenedenlightenedenlightened;;;; obstructions become penetrated obstructions become penetrated obstructions become penetrated obstructions become penetrated;;;;

lacking becomes havinglacking becomes havinglacking becomes havinglacking becomes having;;;; disgrace becomes disgrace becomes disgrace becomes disgrace becomes

honorhonorhonorhonor;;;; failure becomes success. How is this failure becomes success. How is this failure becomes success. How is this failure becomes success. How is this

merely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothingmerely "better than doing nothing????""""

11111111


鷦鷦鷦鷦明明明明沖沖沖沖天天天天，，，，不在不在不在不在六六六六翮翮翮翮乎乎乎乎？？？？拔拔拔拔而而而而傅傅傅傅屍屍屍屍鳩鳩鳩鳩，，，，其其其其累累累累矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫。。。。



The jiao ming bird soars to HeavenThe jiao ming bird soars to HeavenThe jiao ming bird soars to HeavenThe jiao ming bird soars to Heaven————is it not is it not is it not is it not

because of the six shafts of his feathersbecause of the six shafts of his feathersbecause of the six shafts of his feathersbecause of the six shafts of his feathers???? BBBBut ut ut ut

if you plucked them out and attached them to if you plucked them out and attached them to if you plucked them out and attached them to if you plucked them out and attached them to

the cuckoo, would they not be burdensomethe cuckoo, would they not be burdensomethe cuckoo, would they not be burdensomethe cuckoo, would they not be burdensome????

12121212


雷雷雷雷震震震震乎天乎天乎天乎天，，，，風風風風薄薄薄薄乎乎乎乎山山山山，，，，雲雲雲雲徂徂徂徂乎方乎方乎方乎方，，，，雨雨雨雨流流流流乎淵乎淵乎淵乎淵，，，，其其其其事事事事矣矣矣矣

乎乎乎乎？？？？



Thunder shaking in the sky,Thunder shaking in the sky,Thunder shaking in the sky,Thunder shaking in the sky,

Wind pressing near the mountains,Wind pressing near the mountains,Wind pressing near the mountains,Wind pressing near the mountains,

Clouds blowing to the four corners of the Clouds blowing to the four corners of the Clouds blowing to the four corners of the Clouds blowing to the four corners of the

Earth,Earth,Earth,Earth,

RRRRain flowing into the hollowsain flowing into the hollowsain flowing into the hollowsain flowing into the hollows————

Are these not Tian' Are these not Tian' Are these not Tian' Are these not Tian' s affairss affairss affairss affairs????

13131313


魏魏魏魏武武武武侯侯侯侯與與與與吳起吳起吳起吳起浮浮浮浮於於於於西西西西河河河河，，，，寶寶寶寶河河河河山山山山之之之之固固固固。。。。起起起起曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「在德在德在德在德

不在不在不在不在固固固固。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「美美美美哉哉哉哉言乎言乎言乎言乎！！！！使使使使起起起起之之之之固固固固兵兵兵兵每每每每如斯如斯如斯如斯，，，，則則則則

太太太太公何公何公何公何以以以以加加加加諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」



Wei Wuhou and Wu Qi were sailing on the West Wei Wuhou and Wu Qi were sailing on the West Wei Wuhou and Wu Qi were sailing on the West Wei Wuhou and Wu Qi were sailing on the West

RRRRiver, praising the strategic defensibility of iver, praising the strategic defensibility of iver, praising the strategic defensibility of iver, praising the strategic defensibility of

the river and mountains. Wu Qi sthe river and mountains. Wu Qi sthe river and mountains. Wu Qi sthe river and mountains. Wu Qi said: "The fate aid: "The fate aid: "The fate aid: "The fate

of the kingdom lies in the de of the ruler, of the kingdom lies in the de of the ruler, of the kingdom lies in the de of the ruler, of the kingdom lies in the de of the ruler,

not in the strategic defensibility of the not in the strategic defensibility of the not in the strategic defensibility of the not in the strategic defensibility of the

pass."pass."pass."pass."

Yangzi said: What perfect words! If Qi's Yangzi said: What perfect words! If Qi's Yangzi said: What perfect words! If Qi's Yangzi said: What perfect words! If Qi's

employment of strategy and troops were always employment of strategy and troops were always employment of strategy and troops were always employment of strategy and troops were always

like this, then how could even Tai Gong have like this, then how could even Tai Gong have like this, then how could even Tai Gong have like this, then how could even Tai Gong have

surpassed himsurpassed himsurpassed himsurpassed him????

14141414


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「周周周周寶寶寶寶九九九九鼎鼎鼎鼎，，，，寶寶寶寶乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「器器器器寶寶寶寶也也也也。。。。器器器器寶寶寶寶，，，，

待待待待人人人人而而而而後後後後寶寶寶寶。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: The Zhou prized the Someone asked: The Zhou prized the Someone asked: The Zhou prized the Someone asked: The Zhou prized the nine nine nine nine

cauldrons. Were they not treasurescauldrons. Were they not treasurescauldrons. Were they not treasurescauldrons. Were they not treasures????

Yangzi said: They were precious among vessels. Yangzi said: They were precious among vessels. Yangzi said: They were precious among vessels. Yangzi said: They were precious among vessels.

BBBBut such vesselut such vesselut such vesselut such vessel----treasures depend on the people treasures depend on the people treasures depend on the people treasures depend on the people

who use them. who use them. who use them. who use them. OOOOnly then can they truly become nly then can they truly become nly then can they truly become nly then can they truly become

treasures.treasures.treasures.treasures.

15151515


齊齊齊齊桓桓桓桓、、、、晉晉晉晉文文文文以下以下以下以下，，，，至於至於至於至於秦兼秦兼秦兼秦兼，，，，其其其其無無無無觀觀觀觀已已已已。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「秦秦秦秦

無無無無觀觀觀觀，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其兼兼兼兼？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「所謂所謂所謂所謂觀觀觀觀，，，，觀觀觀觀德德德德也也也也。。。。如如如如觀觀觀觀兵兵兵兵，，，，

開開開開辟辟辟辟以來以來以來以來，，，，未未未未有有有有秦秦秦秦也也也也。。。。」」」」



From the time of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen From the time of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen From the time of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen From the time of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen

of Jin down to the Qin unification, there was of Jin down to the Qin unification, there was of Jin down to the Qin unification, there was of Jin down to the Qin unification, there was

nobody worthy of admiration.nobody worthy of admiration.nobody worthy of admiration.nobody worthy of admiration.

Someone said: If the Qin lacked anyone worthy Someone said: If the Qin lacked anyone worthy Someone said: If the Qin lacked anyone worthy Someone said: If the Qin lacked anyone worthy

of of of of admiration, then how did they unify the admiration, then how did they unify the admiration, then how did they unify the admiration, then how did they unify the

empireempireempireempire????

Yangzi said: What I refer to by "admiring" is Yangzi said: What I refer to by "admiring" is Yangzi said: What I refer to by "admiring" is Yangzi said: What I refer to by "admiring" is

admiring de. If you admire warfare, then since admiring de. If you admire warfare, then since admiring de. If you admire warfare, then since admiring de. If you admire warfare, then since

the beginning of creation, there have been the beginning of creation, there have been the beginning of creation, there have been the beginning of creation, there have been

none like the Qin.none like the Qin.none like the Qin.none like the Qin.

16161616

寡見寡見寡見寡見卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「魯魯魯魯用儒而用儒而用儒而用儒而削削削削，，，，何也何也何也何也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「魯魯魯魯不不不不用儒也用儒也用儒也用儒也。。。。

昔在昔在昔在昔在姬姬姬姬公用公用公用公用於周於周於周於周而而而而四四四四海皇皇海皇皇海皇皇海皇皇，，，，奠奠奠奠枕枕枕枕於於於於京京京京。。。。孔子孔子孔子孔子用用用用於於於於

魯魯魯魯，，，，齊人章章齊人章章齊人章章齊人章章，，，，歸歸歸歸其其其其侵侵侵侵疆疆疆疆。。。。魯魯魯魯不不不不用用用用真真真真儒故也儒故也儒故也儒故也。。。。如用如用如用如用真真真真

儒儒儒儒，，，，無無無無敵敵敵敵於天下於天下於天下於天下，，，，安安安安得得得得削削削削？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: The state of Lu employedSomeone asked: The state of Lu employedSomeone asked: The state of Lu employedSomeone asked: The state of Lu employed ru and ru and ru and ru and

was cut down to size. Whywas cut down to size. Whywas cut down to size. Whywas cut down to size. Why????

Yangzi said: Lu did not employ true ru. In the Yangzi said: Lu did not employ true ru. In the Yangzi said: Lu did not employ true ru. In the Yangzi said: Lu did not employ true ru. In the

past, the Duke of Zhou was appointed by the past, the Duke of Zhou was appointed by the past, the Duke of Zhou was appointed by the past, the Duke of Zhou was appointed by the

Zhou court, all with the four seas anxiously Zhou court, all with the four seas anxiously Zhou court, all with the four seas anxiously Zhou court, all with the four seas anxiously

rushed to the capital to pay their respects. rushed to the capital to pay their respects. rushed to the capital to pay their respects. rushed to the capital to pay their respects.

When Confucius was employed by Lu, the mWhen Confucius was employed by Lu, the mWhen Confucius was employed by Lu, the mWhen Confucius was employed by Lu, the men of en of en of en of

Qi trembled with fear and returned the Qi trembled with fear and returned the Qi trembled with fear and returned the Qi trembled with fear and returned the

territory they had invaded in Lu. Thus, we territory they had invaded in Lu. Thus, we territory they had invaded in Lu. Thus, we territory they had invaded in Lu. Thus, we

know Lu did not otherwise employ true ru. If know Lu did not otherwise employ true ru. If know Lu did not otherwise employ true ru. If know Lu did not otherwise employ true ru. If

Lu had employed true ru, they would not have Lu had employed true ru, they would not have Lu had employed true ru, they would not have Lu had employed true ru, they would not have

had any enemies in the world. How could they had any enemies in the world. How could they had any enemies in the world. How could they had any enemies in the world. How could they

have been cut down to sizehave been cut down to sizehave been cut down to sizehave been cut down to size????

17171717


灝灝灝灝灝灝灝灝之之之之海海海海，，，，濟濟濟濟，，，，樓樓樓樓航航航航之之之之力力力力也也也也。。。。航航航航人無人無人無人無楫楫楫楫，，，，如如如如航航航航何何何何？？？？



To cross the vast ocean, one needs the To cross the vast ocean, one needs the To cross the vast ocean, one needs the To cross the vast ocean, one needs the

strength of a large storied boat. strength of a large storied boat. strength of a large storied boat. strength of a large storied boat. BBBBut if the ut if the ut if the ut if the

boatman does not have an oar, how will he boatman does not have an oar, how will he boatman does not have an oar, how will he boatman does not have an oar, how will he

drive itdrive itdrive itdrive it????

18181818


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「奔壘奔壘奔壘奔壘之之之之車車車車，，，，沈沈沈沈流流流流之之之之航航航航，，，，可乎可乎可乎可乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「否否否否。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「焉用焉用焉用焉用智智智智？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「用用用用智智智智於於於於未未未未奔奔奔奔沈沈沈沈。。。。

大大大大寒寒寒寒而而而而後後後後索衣索衣索衣索衣裘裘裘裘，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦晚晚晚晚乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」



Someone said: Can chariots that have been Someone said: Can chariots that have been Someone said: Can chariots that have been Someone said: Can chariots that have been

destroyed in front of ramparts or destroyed in front of ramparts or destroyed in front of ramparts or destroyed in front of ramparts or boats that boats that boats that boats that

have been sunk be savedhave been sunk be savedhave been sunk be savedhave been sunk be saved????

Yangzi said: No.Yangzi said: No.Yangzi said: No.Yangzi said: No.

The other said: Then of what use is wisdomThe other said: Then of what use is wisdomThe other said: Then of what use is wisdomThe other said: Then of what use is wisdom????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: UUUUse wisdom before the destruction se wisdom before the destruction se wisdom before the destruction se wisdom before the destruction

and sinking. Waiting until a severe frost to and sinking. Waiting until a severe frost to and sinking. Waiting until a severe frost to and sinking. Waiting until a severe frost to

seek robes and furs, is that not indeed too seek robes and furs, is that not indeed too seek robes and furs, is that not indeed too seek robes and furs, is that not indeed too

latelatelatelate????

19191919


乘乘乘乘國國國國者者者者，，，，其如乘其如乘其如乘其如乘航航航航乎乎乎乎？？？？航航航航安安安安，，，，則人則人則人則人斯斯斯斯安安安安矣矣矣矣。。。。



RRRRuling a kingdom is like sailing a boat! If uling a kingdom is like sailing a boat! If uling a kingdom is like sailing a boat! If uling a kingdom is like sailing a boat! If

the boat is settled, then the people are the boat is settled, then the people are the boat is settled, then the people are the boat is settled, then the people are

settled.settled.settled.settled.

20202020


惠惠惠惠以以以以厚厚厚厚下下下下，，，，民民民民忘忘忘忘其死其死其死其死。。。。忠忠忠忠以以以以衛衛衛衛上上上上，，，，君君君君念念念念其其其其賞賞賞賞。。。。自自自自後後後後

者者者者，，，，人先之人先之人先之人先之。。。。自自自自下下下下者者者者，，，，人人人人高高高高之之之之。。。。誠誠誠誠哉哉哉哉，，，，是是是是言言言言也也也也！！！！



If you show kindheartedness by being If you show kindheartedness by being If you show kindheartedness by being If you show kindheartedness by being generous generous generous generous

to those below, the people will forget about to those below, the people will forget about to those below, the people will forget about to those below, the people will forget about

death. If you show loyalty by protecting those death. If you show loyalty by protecting those death. If you show loyalty by protecting those death. If you show loyalty by protecting those

above, the ruler's thoughts will be on above, the ruler's thoughts will be on above, the ruler's thoughts will be on above, the ruler's thoughts will be on

rewards. As for those who put themselves last, rewards. As for those who put themselves last, rewards. As for those who put themselves last, rewards. As for those who put themselves last,

others put them first. As for those who put others put them first. As for those who put others put them first. As for those who put others put them first. As for those who put

themselves below others, themselves below others, themselves below others, themselves below others, others raise them up. others raise them up. others raise them up. others raise them up.

How true these words are!How true these words are!How true these words are!How true these words are!

21212121


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「弘弘弘弘羊羊羊羊榷榷榷榷利而利而利而利而國國國國用足用足用足用足，，，，盍榷盍榷盍榷盍榷諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「譬譬譬譬諸諸諸諸

父父父父子子子子，，，，為其為其為其為其父父父父而而而而榷榷榷榷其其其其子子子子，，，，縱縱縱縱利利利利，，，，如如如如子子子子何何何何？？？？蔔式蔔式蔔式蔔式之之之之雲雲雲雲，，，，

不不不不亦亦亦亦匡匡匡匡乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」



Someone said: Sang Hongyang instituted special Someone said: Sang Hongyang instituted special Someone said: Sang Hongyang instituted special Someone said: Sang Hongyang instituted special

monopolies on salt and iron that were monopolies on salt and iron that were monopolies on salt and iron that were monopolies on salt and iron that were

profitable, and the kingdom's expenditures profitable, and the kingdom's expenditures profitable, and the kingdom's expenditures profitable, and the kingdom's expenditures

were abundant. Why not institute special were abundant. Why not institute special were abundant. Why not institute special were abundant. Why not institute special

monopolies nowmonopolies nowmonopolies nowmonopolies now????

Yangzi said: Compare it to a father and son. Yangzi said: Compare it to a father and son. Yangzi said: Compare it to a father and son. Yangzi said: Compare it to a father and son.

For the benefit of the father, you institute For the benefit of the father, you institute For the benefit of the father, you institute For the benefit of the father, you institute

monopolies against the son. monopolies against the son. monopolies against the son. monopolies against the son. BBBBut even if there ut even if there ut even if there ut even if there

is a profit for the father, what about the is a profit for the father, what about the is a profit for the father, what about the is a profit for the father, what about the

sonsonsonson???? As for what As for what As for what As for what BBBBu Shi said, is it not u Shi said, is it not u Shi said, is it not u Shi said, is it not

correct indeedcorrect indeedcorrect indeedcorrect indeed????

22222222


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「因因因因秦秦秦秦之法之法之法之法，，，，清清清清而而而而行之行之行之行之，，，，亦亦亦亦可以可以可以可以致致致致平平平平乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「譬譬譬譬諸諸諸諸琴瑟琴瑟琴瑟琴瑟鄭鄭鄭鄭、、、、衛衛衛衛調調調調，，，，俾夔俾夔俾夔俾夔因因因因之之之之，，，，亦亦亦亦不可以不可以不可以不可以致致致致蕭蕭蕭蕭

韶韶韶韶矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: If one accorded with the laws of Someone said: If one accorded with the laws of Someone said: If one accorded with the laws of Someone said: If one accorded with the laws of

the Qin, made them clear and practiced them, the Qin, made them clear and practiced them, the Qin, made them clear and practiced them, the Qin, made them clear and practiced them,

would it not result in peacewould it not result in peacewould it not result in peacewould it not result in peace????

Yangzi said: It can be compared to the zither Yangzi said: It can be compared to the zither Yangzi said: It can be compared to the zither Yangzi said: It can be compared to the zither

and the harp. If you and the harp. If you and the harp. If you and the harp. If you took Zheng and Wei's took Zheng and Wei's took Zheng and Wei's took Zheng and Wei's

melodies and made music master melodies and made music master melodies and made music master melodies and made music master KKKKui accord with ui accord with ui accord with ui accord with

them, he surely never would have produced the them, he surely never would have produced the them, he surely never would have produced the them, he surely never would have produced the

Xiaoshao music.Xiaoshao music.Xiaoshao music.Xiaoshao music.

23232323

寡見寡見寡見寡見卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「處處處處秦秦秦秦之之之之世世世世，，，，抱抱抱抱周之周之周之周之書書書書，，，，益益益益乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「舉舉舉舉世世世世

寒寒寒寒，，，，貂貂貂貂狐狐狐狐不不不不亦亦亦亦燠燠燠燠乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「炎炎炎炎之以之以之以之以火火火火，，，，沃沃沃沃之以之以之以之以

湯湯湯湯，，，，燠燠燠燠亦亦亦亦燠燠燠燠矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「燠燠燠燠哉哉哉哉！！！！燠燠燠燠哉哉哉哉！！！！時時時時亦亦亦亦有有有有寒寒寒寒者者者者

矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」

The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom The Seldom Someone said: If one lived under the Qin and Someone said: If one lived under the Qin and Someone said: If one lived under the Qin and Someone said: If one lived under the Qin and

Seen:Seen:Seen:Seen: embraced the Zhou's booksembraced the Zhou's booksembraced the Zhou's booksembraced the Zhou's books————What benefit would What benefit would What benefit would What benefit would

that have beenthat have beenthat have beenthat have been????

Yangzi said: If Yangzi said: If Yangzi said: If Yangzi said: If the whole world were cold, the whole world were cold, the whole world were cold, the whole world were cold,

would mink and fox furs not indeed be warmwould mink and fox furs not indeed be warmwould mink and fox furs not indeed be warmwould mink and fox furs not indeed be warm????

The other said: Whether you burn with fire or The other said: Whether you burn with fire or The other said: Whether you burn with fire or The other said: Whether you burn with fire or

scald with boiling water, warm is still warm.scald with boiling water, warm is still warm.scald with boiling water, warm is still warm.scald with boiling water, warm is still warm.

Yangzi said: Warm indeed! Yangzi said: Warm indeed! Yangzi said: Warm indeed! Yangzi said: Warm indeed! BBBBut that age was ut that age was ut that age was ut that age was

surely a cold one!surely a cold one!surely a cold one!surely a cold one!

24242424


非其非其非其非其時時時時而而而而望望望望之之之之，，，，非其非其非其非其道道道道而而而而行之行之行之行之，，，，亦亦亦亦不可以至不可以至不可以至不可以至矣矣矣矣。。。。



Looking for it at the wrong time,Looking for it at the wrong time,Looking for it at the wrong time,Looking for it at the wrong time,

Travelling the wrong roadTravelling the wrong roadTravelling the wrong roadTravelling the wrong road————

Indeed, one will never reach it.Indeed, one will never reach it.Indeed, one will never reach it.Indeed, one will never reach it.

25252525


秦秦秦秦之有之有之有之有司司司司，，，，負負負負秦秦秦秦之法之法之法之法度度度度；；；；秦秦秦秦之法之法之法之法度度度度，，，，負負負負聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法度度度度。。。。

秦秦秦秦弘弘弘弘違違違違天地之道天地之道天地之道天地之道，，，，而而而而天地天地天地天地違違違違秦秦秦秦亦亦亦亦弘弘弘弘矣矣矣矣。。。。



The Qin's own officials turned their backs Qin The Qin's own officials turned their backs Qin The Qin's own officials turned their backs Qin The Qin's own officials turned their backs Qin

law,law,law,law, just as Qin law turned its back the just as Qin law turned its back the just as Qin law turned its back the just as Qin law turned its back the

sage's law. The Qin completely disregarded the sage's law. The Qin completely disregarded the sage's law. The Qin completely disregarded the sage's law. The Qin completely disregarded the

Dao of Heaven and Earth, and in the end Heaven Dao of Heaven and Earth, and in the end Heaven Dao of Heaven and Earth, and in the end Heaven Dao of Heaven and Earth, and in the end Heaven

and Earth indeed completely disregarded the and Earth indeed completely disregarded the and Earth indeed completely disregarded the and Earth indeed completely disregarded the

Qin.Qin.Qin.Qin.

《《《《五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第八八八八 ---- Five Hundred YearsFive Hundred YearsFive Hundred YearsFive Hundred Years》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「五百五百五百五百歲歲歲歲而而而而聖人聖人聖人聖人出出出出，，，，有諸有諸有諸有諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜、、、、

禹禹禹禹，，，，君臣君臣君臣君臣也而也而也而也而並並並並；；；；文文文文、、、、武武武武、、、、周周周周公公公公，，，，父父父父子子子子也而處也而處也而處也而處。。。。湯湯湯湯、、、、

孔子孔子孔子孔子數數數數百百百百歲歲歲歲而而而而生生生生。。。。因因因因往往往往以以以以推推推推來來來來，，，，雖雖雖雖千千千千一不可知一不可知一不可知一不可知也也也也。。。。」」」」

Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred

Years:Years:Years:Years:

Someone Someone Someone Someone asked: Every five hundred years a sage asked: Every five hundred years a sage asked: Every five hundred years a sage asked: Every five hundred years a sage

appears. Is there truth in thisappears. Is there truth in thisappears. Is there truth in thisappears. Is there truth in this????

Yangzi said: Yao, Shun, and Yu were rulers and Yangzi said: Yao, Shun, and Yu were rulers and Yangzi said: Yao, Shun, and Yu were rulers and Yangzi said: Yao, Shun, and Yu were rulers and

subjects to one another, all subjects to one another, all subjects to one another, all subjects to one another, all [[[[duringduringduringduring]]]] the same the same the same the same

era. Wen, Wu, and the Duke of Zhou, were era. Wen, Wu, and the Duke of Zhou, were era. Wen, Wu, and the Duke of Zhou, were era. Wen, Wu, and the Duke of Zhou, were

fathers and sons, all during the same era. fathers and sons, all during the same era. fathers and sons, all during the same era. fathers and sons, all during the same era. BBBBut ut ut ut

TaTaTaTang and Confucius were born several centuries ng and Confucius were born several centuries ng and Confucius were born several centuries ng and Confucius were born several centuries

removed from each other. As for using the past removed from each other. As for using the past removed from each other. As for using the past removed from each other. As for using the past

to forecast what is to come, whether it be a to forecast what is to come, whether it be a to forecast what is to come, whether it be a to forecast what is to come, whether it be a

thousand years or one year, one cannot know.thousand years or one year, one cannot know.thousand years or one year, one cannot know.thousand years or one year, one cannot know.

2222


聖人有以聖人有以聖人有以聖人有以擬擬擬擬天地天地天地天地而而而而參諸身乎參諸身乎參諸身乎參諸身乎！！！！



The sage has the means to emulate Heaven and The sage has the means to emulate Heaven and The sage has the means to emulate Heaven and The sage has the means to emulate Heaven and

Earth, himself making a triad with them!Earth, himself making a triad with them!Earth, himself making a triad with them!Earth, himself making a triad with them!

3333 五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「聖人有聖人有聖人有聖人有詘詘詘詘乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有有有有。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「焉焉焉焉詘詘詘詘

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「仲尼於仲尼於仲尼於仲尼於南南南南子子子子，，，，所所所所不不不不欲欲欲欲見見見見也也也也；；；；陽陽陽陽虎虎虎虎，，，，所所所所不不不不

欲欲欲欲敬敬敬敬也也也也。。。。見見見見所所所所不見不見不見不見，，，，敬敬敬敬所所所所不不不不敬敬敬敬，，，，不不不不詘詘詘詘如何如何如何如何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「衛衛衛衛靈靈靈靈公公公公問陳問陳問陳問陳，，，，則則則則何何何何以不以不以不以不詘詘詘詘？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「詘詘詘詘身身身身，，，，將以將以將以將以通通通通

道道道道也也也也。。。。如如如如詘詘詘詘道道道道而而而而信信信信身身身身，，，，雖雖雖雖天下不天下不天下不天下不為也為也為也為也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Does the sage not have times Someone asked: Does the sage not have times Someone asked: Does the sage not have times Someone asked: Does the sage not have times

when he is flexiblewhen he is flexiblewhen he is flexiblewhen he is flexible????

Yangzi said: He has.Yangzi said: He has.Yangzi said: He has.Yangzi said: He has.

The other said: When is he flexibleThe other said: When is he flexibleThe other said: When is he flexibleThe other said: When is he flexible????

Yangzi said: As for Confucius's relationship Yangzi said: As for Confucius's relationship Yangzi said: As for Confucius's relationship Yangzi said: As for Confucius's relationship

with Nanzi, she was somebody that he did not with Nanzi, she was somebody that he did not with Nanzi, she was somebody that he did not with Nanzi, she was somebody that he did not

want to see. As for Yang Huo, he was somebody want to see. As for Yang Huo, he was somebody want to see. As for Yang Huo, he was somebody want to see. As for Yang Huo, he was somebody

to whom Confucius did not want to pay his to whom Confucius did not want to pay his to whom Confucius did not want to pay his to whom Confucius did not want to pay his

respects. Yet Confucius saw the one he did not respects. Yet Confucius saw the one he did not respects. Yet Confucius saw the one he did not respects. Yet Confucius saw the one he did not

want to see, and he paid his respects to the want to see, and he paid his respects to the want to see, and he paid his respects to the want to see, and he paid his respects to the

one to whom he did not want to one to whom he did not want to one to whom he did not want to one to whom he did not want to pay his pay his pay his pay his

respects. How could he have not been flexiblerespects. How could he have not been flexiblerespects. How could he have not been flexiblerespects. How could he have not been flexible????

The other said: When Duke Ling of Wei asked The other said: When Duke Ling of Wei asked The other said: When Duke Ling of Wei asked The other said: When Duke Ling of Wei asked

about the military, why was Confucius about the military, why was Confucius about the military, why was Confucius about the military, why was Confucius

inflexibleinflexibleinflexibleinflexible????

Yangzi said: Confucius yielded himself to Yangzi said: Confucius yielded himself to Yangzi said: Confucius yielded himself to Yangzi said: Confucius yielded himself to

promote the Dao. If it were a matter of promote the Dao. If it were a matter of promote the Dao. If it were a matter of promote the Dao. If it were a matter of

yielding the Dao to promyielding the Dao to promyielding the Dao to promyielding the Dao to promote himself, even if ote himself, even if ote himself, even if ote himself, even if

he could have got all under Heaven, he he could have got all under Heaven, he he could have got all under Heaven, he he could have got all under Heaven, he

wouldn't have done it.wouldn't have done it.wouldn't have done it.wouldn't have done it.

4444


聖人重聖人重聖人重聖人重其其其其道道道道而而而而輕輕輕輕其其其其祿祿祿祿，，，，眾人重眾人重眾人重眾人重其其其其祿祿祿祿而而而而輕輕輕輕其其其其道道道道。。。。聖人聖人聖人聖人

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「於道行於道行於道行於道行與與與與？」？」？」？」眾人眾人眾人眾人曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「於於於於祿祿祿祿殖與殖與殖與殖與？」？」？」？」



The sage considers his dao important and The sage considers his dao important and The sage considers his dao important and The sage considers his dao important and

treats his salary lightly. The common treats his salary lightly. The common treats his salary lightly. The common treats his salary lightly. The common man man man man

considers his salary important and takes his considers his salary important and takes his considers his salary important and takes his considers his salary important and takes his

dao lightly. The sage says, "Am I walking the dao lightly. The sage says, "Am I walking the dao lightly. The sage says, "Am I walking the dao lightly. The sage says, "Am I walking the

DaoDaoDaoDao????" The common man says, "Is my salary " The common man says, "Is my salary " The common man says, "Is my salary " The common man says, "Is my salary

increasingincreasingincreasingincreasing????""""

5555


昔昔昔昔者者者者齊齊齊齊、、、、魯魯魯魯有大臣有大臣有大臣有大臣，，，，史史史史失失失失其其其其名名名名。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何如其何如其何如其何如其大大大大

也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「叔叔叔叔孫孫孫孫通通通通欲欲欲欲制制制制君臣之君臣之君臣之君臣之儀儀儀儀，，，，征征征征先生於齊先生於齊先生於齊先生於齊、、、、

魯魯魯魯，，，，所所所所不不不不能能能能致致致致者者者者二二二二人人人人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若是若是若是若是，，，，則仲尼之開則仲尼之開則仲尼之開則仲尼之開跡跡跡跡

諸諸諸諸侯侯侯侯也也也也，，，，非邪非邪非邪非邪？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「仲尼開仲尼開仲尼開仲尼開跡跡跡跡，，，，將以將以將以將以自自自自用也用也用也用也。。。。如如如如

委己委己委己委己而而而而從從從從人人人人，，，，雖雖雖雖有有有有規矩準繩規矩準繩規矩準繩規矩準繩，，，，焉得而用焉得而用焉得而用焉得而用之之之之。。。。」」」」



In the past Qi and Lu had great ministers, but In the past Qi and Lu had great ministers, but In the past Qi and Lu had great ministers, but In the past Qi and Lu had great ministers, but

history has lost their names.history has lost their names.history has lost their names.history has lost their names.

Someone said: Why were they greatSomeone said: Why were they greatSomeone said: Why were they greatSomeone said: Why were they great????

Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said: Shusun Tong wanted to formulate Shusun Tong wanted to formulate Shusun Tong wanted to formulate Shusun Tong wanted to formulate

new ceremonies for rulers and ministers, and new ceremonies for rulers and ministers, and new ceremonies for rulers and ministers, and new ceremonies for rulers and ministers, and

recruited ru from Qi and Lu. There were two recruited ru from Qi and Lu. There were two recruited ru from Qi and Lu. There were two recruited ru from Qi and Lu. There were two

men that he could not lure.men that he could not lure.men that he could not lure.men that he could not lure.

The other said: If this is so, then was it The other said: If this is so, then was it The other said: If this is so, then was it The other said: If this is so, then was it

wrong for Confucius to travel around in search wrong for Confucius to travel around in search wrong for Confucius to travel around in search wrong for Confucius to travel around in search

for employment bfor employment bfor employment bfor employment by the feudal lordsy the feudal lordsy the feudal lordsy the feudal lords????

Yangzi said: Confucius traveled around and Yangzi said: Confucius traveled around and Yangzi said: Confucius traveled around and Yangzi said: Confucius traveled around and

searched, but he did so in order to employ searched, but he did so in order to employ searched, but he did so in order to employ searched, but he did so in order to employ

himself. If he had given up on himself and himself. If he had given up on himself and himself. If he had given up on himself and himself. If he had given up on himself and

followed others, then even though he had followed others, then even though he had followed others, then even though he had followed others, then even though he had

compass and square, level and marking line, compass and square, level and marking line, compass and square, level and marking line, compass and square, level and marking line,

how could he have beenhow could he have beenhow could he have beenhow could he have been able to use themable to use themable to use themable to use them????

6666


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「孔子之孔子之孔子之孔子之時時時時，，，，諸諸諸諸侯侯侯侯有知有知有知有知其其其其聖聖聖聖者與者與者與者與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「知知知知

之之之之。。。。」「」「」「」「知之則知之則知之則知之則曷曷曷曷為為為為不不不不用用用用？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不能能能能。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「知聖知聖知聖知聖而而而而不不不不能用也能用也能用也能用也，，，，可可可可得得得得聞乎聞乎聞乎聞乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「用用用用之則之則之則之則宜從宜從宜從宜從

之之之之，，，，從從從從之則之則之則之則棄棄棄棄其所習其所習其所習其所習，，，，逆逆逆逆其所其所其所其所順順順順，，，，強強強強其所劣其所劣其所劣其所劣，，，，捐捐捐捐其所其所其所其所

能能能能，，，，沖沖沖沖沖沖沖沖如也如也如也如也。。。。非非非非天下之至天下之至天下之至天下之至，，，，孰能用孰能用孰能用孰能用之之之之！」！」！」！」



Someone asked: In Confucius's time, did the Someone asked: In Confucius's time, did the Someone asked: In Confucius's time, did the Someone asked: In Confucius's time, did the

feudal lords know he feudal lords know he feudal lords know he feudal lords know he was a sagewas a sagewas a sagewas a sage????

Yangzi said: They knew it.Yangzi said: They knew it.Yangzi said: They knew it.Yangzi said: They knew it.

The other asked: If they knew it, then why did The other asked: If they knew it, then why did The other asked: If they knew it, then why did The other asked: If they knew it, then why did

they not employ himthey not employ himthey not employ himthey not employ him????

Yangzi said: They were not able to.Yangzi said: They were not able to.Yangzi said: They were not able to.Yangzi said: They were not able to.

The other said: They knew he was a sage, yet The other said: They knew he was a sage, yet The other said: They knew he was a sage, yet The other said: They knew he was a sage, yet

were unable to employ him. May I hear the were unable to employ him. May I hear the were unable to employ him. May I hear the were unable to employ him. May I hear the

explanation for thisexplanation for thisexplanation for thisexplanation for this????

YanYanYanYangzi said: If they had employed him, it gzi said: If they had employed him, it gzi said: If they had employed him, it gzi said: If they had employed him, it

would have been appropriate to follow him. If would have been appropriate to follow him. If would have been appropriate to follow him. If would have been appropriate to follow him. If

they had followed him, then they would have they had followed him, then they would have they had followed him, then they would have they had followed him, then they would have

had to abandon what they already practiced, go had to abandon what they already practiced, go had to abandon what they already practiced, go had to abandon what they already practiced, go

against what they were accustomed to against what they were accustomed to against what they were accustomed to against what they were accustomed to

following, improve what they degraded, and following, improve what they degraded, and following, improve what they degraded, and following, improve what they degraded, and

give up what they were skilled in. It would be give up what they were skilled in. It would be give up what they were skilled in. It would be give up what they were skilled in. It would be

like rushing headlong into the unknown. Apart like rushing headlong into the unknown. Apart like rushing headlong into the unknown. Apart like rushing headlong into the unknown. Apart

from the greatest ruler under Heaven, who from the greatest ruler under Heaven, who from the greatest ruler under Heaven, who from the greatest ruler under Heaven, who

could have employed himcould have employed himcould have employed himcould have employed him????

7777 五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問，，，，「「「「孔子知孔子知孔子知孔子知其其其其道之不道之不道之不道之不用也用也用也用也，，，，則則則則載載載載而惡而惡而惡而惡乎之乎之乎之乎之？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「之後之後之後之後世世世世君子君子君子君子。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「賈賈賈賈如是如是如是如是，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦鈍鈍鈍鈍乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「眾人眾人眾人眾人愈愈愈愈利而利而利而利而後後後後鈍鈍鈍鈍，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人愈愈愈愈鈍鈍鈍鈍而而而而後後後後利利利利。。。。關關關關百聖百聖百聖百聖而而而而

不不不不慚慚慚慚，，，，蔽蔽蔽蔽天地天地天地天地而而而而不不不不恥恥恥恥，，，，能能能能言之言之言之言之類類類類，，，，莫莫莫莫能能能能加加加加也也也也。。。。貴貴貴貴無無無無

敵敵敵敵，，，，富富富富無倫無倫無倫無倫，，，，利孰利孰利孰利孰大大大大焉焉焉焉。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: When Confucius knew that his Someone asked: When Confucius knew that his Someone asked: When Confucius knew that his Someone asked: When Confucius knew that his

dao could not be realized, then where did he dao could not be realized, then where did he dao could not be realized, then where did he dao could not be realized, then where did he

take ittake ittake ittake it????

Yangzi said: To junzi of later generations.Yangzi said: To junzi of later generations.Yangzi said: To junzi of later generations.Yangzi said: To junzi of later generations.

The other said: If a merchant wereThe other said: If a merchant wereThe other said: If a merchant wereThe other said: If a merchant were like this, like this, like this, like this,

he would be dullhe would be dullhe would be dullhe would be dull----witted indeed!witted indeed!witted indeed!witted indeed!

Yangzi said: The more sharply a common man Yangzi said: The more sharply a common man Yangzi said: The more sharply a common man Yangzi said: The more sharply a common man

seeks profit, the duller he becomes. The seeks profit, the duller he becomes. The seeks profit, the duller he becomes. The seeks profit, the duller he becomes. The

duller the sage becomes, the sharper his duller the sage becomes, the sharper his duller the sage becomes, the sharper his duller the sage becomes, the sharper his

profit. He would not feel regrets before a profit. He would not feel regrets before a profit. He would not feel regrets before a profit. He would not feel regrets before a

hundred hundred hundred hundred [[[[generations ofgenerations ofgenerations ofgenerations of]]]] sages sages sages sages;;;; he would not he would not he would not he would not

be ashamed before the whole world. Among men, be ashamed before the whole world. Among men, be ashamed before the whole world. Among men, be ashamed before the whole world. Among men,

none can surpass him. Honor without equal, or none can surpass him. Honor without equal, or none can surpass him. Honor without equal, or none can surpass him. Honor without equal, or

wealth without comparison: which profit is wealth without comparison: which profit is wealth without comparison: which profit is wealth without comparison: which profit is

greatergreatergreatergreater????

8888

五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「孔子之道孔子之道孔子之道孔子之道，，，，不可不可不可不可小與小與小與小與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「小小小小則則則則敗敗敗敗聖聖聖聖，，，，

如何如何如何如何！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若是若是若是若是則則則則何為何為何為何為去去去去乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「愛愛愛愛日日日日。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「愛愛愛愛日而日而日而日而去去去去，，，，何也何也何也何也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「由由由由群群群群謀謀謀謀之之之之故也故也故也故也。。。。不不不不

聽正聽正聽正聽正，，，，諫諫諫諫而而而而不不不不用用用用。。。。噫噫噫噫者者者者，，，，吾於吾於吾於吾於觀觀觀觀庸庸庸庸邪邪邪邪，，，，無無無無為為為為飽飽飽飽食食食食安坐安坐安坐安坐

而而而而厭厭厭厭觀觀觀觀也也也也。。。。由由由由此此此此觀觀觀觀之之之之，，，，夫夫夫夫子之子之子之子之日亦日亦日亦日亦愛愛愛愛矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：：：：

「「「「君子君子君子君子愛愛愛愛日日日日乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子仕仕仕仕則則則則欲欲欲欲行行行行其其其其義義義義，，，，居居居居則則則則欲欲欲欲

彰彰彰彰其其其其道道道道。。。。事不事不事不事不厭厭厭厭，，，，教教教教不不不不倦倦倦倦，，，，焉得日焉得日焉得日焉得日？」？」？」？」

Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Someone said: Is it possible to lower the Someone said: Is it possible to lower the Someone said: Is it possible to lower the Someone said: Is it possible to lower the

Years:Years:Years:Years: standards of Confucius's dao.standards of Confucius's dao.standards of Confucius's dao.standards of Confucius's dao.

Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi said: Lowering said: Lowering said: Lowering said: Lowering [[[[its standardsits standardsits standardsits standards]]]] would would would would

destroy the sage's dao, would it notdestroy the sage's dao, would it notdestroy the sage's dao, would it notdestroy the sage's dao, would it not????

The other said: If this is so, then why did he The other said: If this is so, then why did he The other said: If this is so, then why did he The other said: If this is so, then why did he

leave the state of Luleave the state of Luleave the state of Luleave the state of Lu????

Yangzi said: He valued his time.Yangzi said: He valued his time.Yangzi said: He valued his time.Yangzi said: He valued his time.

The other said: He valued his time and left. The other said: He valued his time and left. The other said: He valued his time and left. The other said: He valued his time and left.

WhyWhyWhyWhy????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBecause of a buecause of a buecause of a buecause of a bunch of slave nch of slave nch of slave nch of slave

girls. The ruler of Lu did not listen to his girls. The ruler of Lu did not listen to his girls. The ruler of Lu did not listen to his girls. The ruler of Lu did not listen to his

corrections. Confucius remonstrated but corrections. Confucius remonstrated but corrections. Confucius remonstrated but corrections. Confucius remonstrated but [[[[the the the the

rulerrulerrulerruler]]]] would not accept his advice. Confucius would not accept his advice. Confucius would not accept his advice. Confucius would not accept his advice. Confucius

sighed, "I am sick of watching this! I will sighed, "I am sick of watching this! I will sighed, "I am sick of watching this! I will sighed, "I am sick of watching this! I will

not stuff myself with food, sit at leisure, not stuff myself with food, sit at leisure, not stuff myself with food, sit at leisure, not stuff myself with food, sit at leisure,

and watch these girand watch these girand watch these girand watch these girls perform until I'm weary ls perform until I'm weary ls perform until I'm weary ls perform until I'm weary

of them!" From this point of view, Confucius of them!" From this point of view, Confucius of them!" From this point of view, Confucius of them!" From this point of view, Confucius

indeed valued his time.indeed valued his time.indeed valued his time.indeed valued his time.

The other said: Does the junzi value his timeThe other said: Does the junzi value his timeThe other said: Does the junzi value his timeThe other said: Does the junzi value his time????

Yangzi said: If the junzi takes office, he Yangzi said: If the junzi takes office, he Yangzi said: If the junzi takes office, he Yangzi said: If the junzi takes office, he

wants to implement his yi. If he retires from wants to implement his yi. If he retires from wants to implement his yi. If he retires from wants to implement his yi. If he retires from

public life, then he wanpublic life, then he wanpublic life, then he wanpublic life, then he wants to expound his dao. ts to expound his dao. ts to expound his dao. ts to expound his dao.

In service, he does not become weary. In In service, he does not become weary. In In service, he does not become weary. In In service, he does not become weary. In

teaching, he does not become fatigued. When is teaching, he does not become fatigued. When is teaching, he does not become fatigued. When is teaching, he does not become fatigued. When is

there time to wastethere time to wastethere time to wastethere time to waste????

9999


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「其其其其有繼周有繼周有繼周有繼周者者者者，，，，雖雖雖雖百百百百世世世世可知可知可知可知也也也也。。。。秦秦秦秦已已已已繼周繼周繼周繼周矣矣矣矣，，，，

不不不不待待待待夏夏夏夏禮禮禮禮而治者而治者而治者而治者，，，，其其其其不不不不驗驗驗驗乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言，，，，天天天天

也也也也，，，，天天天天妄妄妄妄乎乎乎乎？？？？繼周繼周繼周繼周者未欲者未欲者未欲者未欲太太太太平也平也平也平也，，，，如欲如欲如欲如欲太太太太平也平也平也平也，，，，舍舍舍舍之之之之

而用而用而用而用它它它它道道道道，，，，亦亦亦亦無無無無由由由由至至至至矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: "Should there be those who would Someone said: "Should there be those who would Someone said: "Should there be those who would Someone said: "Should there be those who would

succeed the Zhou, even a hundred generations succeed the Zhou, even a hundred generations succeed the Zhou, even a hundred generations succeed the Zhou, even a hundred generations

hence could be known." The Qin followed the hence could be known." The Qin followed the hence could be known." The Qin followed the hence could be known." The Qin followed the

Zhou, but did not rule using Xia li. Is Zhou, but did not rule using Xia li. Is Zhou, but did not rule using Xia li. Is Zhou, but did not rule using Xia li. Is

Confucius's statement not incorrectConfucius's statement not incorrectConfucius's statement not incorrectConfucius's statement not incorrect????

Yangzi said: The sage's words are Tian. Is Yangzi said: The sage's words are Tian. Is Yangzi said: The sage's words are Tian. Is Yangzi said: The sage's words are Tian. Is

Tian wrongTian wrongTian wrongTian wrong???? Those who followed the Zhou did Those who followed the Zhou did Those who followed the Zhou did Those who followed the Zhou did

not want peace. If they had wanted peace, not want peace. If they had wanted peace, not want peace. If they had wanted peace, not want peace. If they had wanted peace,

dispensing with Xia li and using another dao dispensing with Xia li and using another dao dispensing with Xia li and using another dao dispensing with Xia li and using another dao

was not the way to get there.was not the way to get there.was not the way to get there.was not the way to get there.

10101010


赫赫赫赫赫赫赫赫乎乎乎乎日日日日之之之之光光光光，，，，群群群群目目目目之之之之用也用也用也用也；；；；渾渾渾渾渾渾渾渾乎聖人之道乎聖人之道乎聖人之道乎聖人之道，，，，群心群心群心群心

之之之之用也用也用也用也。。。。



BBBBrilliant is the light of the sun, it is the rilliant is the light of the sun, it is the rilliant is the light of the sun, it is the rilliant is the light of the sun, it is the

means whereby people can use their eyes. means whereby people can use their eyes. means whereby people can use their eyes. means whereby people can use their eyes. BBBBroad road road road

and encompassing is the sage's dao, it and encompassing is the sage's dao, it and encompassing is the sage's dao, it and encompassing is the sage's dao, it is the is the is the is the

means by which people can use their xin.means by which people can use their xin.means by which people can use their xin.means by which people can use their xin.

11111111


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「天地天地天地天地簡簡簡簡易易易易，，，，而而而而聖人法之聖人法之聖人法之聖人法之，，，，何何何何五經之五經之五經之五經之支支支支離離離離？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「支支支支離離離離蓋蓋蓋蓋其所其所其所其所以以以以簡簡簡簡易也易也易也易也。。。。已已已已簡簡簡簡已易已易已易已易，，，，焉焉焉焉支支支支焉焉焉焉

離離離離？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: Heaven and Earth are easy to Someone asked: Heaven and Earth are easy to Someone asked: Heaven and Earth are easy to Someone asked: Heaven and Earth are easy to

understand, and the sage models himself on understand, and the sage models himself on understand, and the sage models himself on understand, and the sage models himself on

them. Why, then, are the Five Classics so them. Why, then, are the Five Classics so them. Why, then, are the Five Classics so them. Why, then, are the Five Classics so

disordereddisordereddisordereddisordered????

Yangzi said: That they are disordered is Yangzi said: That they are disordered is Yangzi said: That they are disordered is Yangzi said: That they are disordered is

probably what makes them easy to understand. probably what makes them easy to understand. probably what makes them easy to understand. probably what makes them easy to understand.

If they were already easy to understand, why If they were already easy to understand, why If they were already easy to understand, why If they were already easy to understand, why

would we go about figuring and sorting out the would we go about figuring and sorting out the would we go about figuring and sorting out the would we go about figuring and sorting out the

meaningsmeaningsmeaningsmeanings????

12121212


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「聖人無聖人無聖人無聖人無益益益益於於於於庸庸庸庸也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「世世世世人之人之人之人之益者益者益者益者，，，，倉倉倉倉

廩廩廩廩也也也也，，，，取取取取之之之之如如如如單單單單。。。。仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼，，，，神明神明神明神明也也也也，，，，小小小小以成以成以成以成小小小小，，，，大以成大以成大以成大以成

大大大大，，，，雖山川雖山川雖山川雖山川、、、、丘陵丘陵丘陵丘陵、、、、草草草草木木木木、、、、鳥鳥鳥鳥魯魯魯魯，，，，裕裕裕裕如也如也如也如也。。。。如如如如不不不不用用用用

也也也也，，，，神明神明神明神明亦亦亦亦末末末末如如如如之之之之何矣何矣何矣何矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: The sage is of no benefit to the Someone said: The sage is of no benefit to the Someone said: The sage is of no benefit to the Someone said: The sage is of no benefit to the

common man.common man.common man.common man.

Yangzi said: What people of the world see as Yangzi said: What people of the world see as Yangzi said: What people of the world see as Yangzi said: What people of the world see as

beneficial to themselves is like a granary. beneficial to themselves is like a granary. beneficial to themselves is like a granary. beneficial to themselves is like a granary.

Take from it, and it becomes exhausted. Take from it, and it becomes exhausted. Take from it, and it becomes exhausted. Take from it, and it becomes exhausted. BBBBut ut ut ut

Confucius possessed daimonic clarity. The Confucius possessed daimonic clarity. The Confucius possessed daimonic clarity. The Confucius possessed daimonic clarity. The

petty use it to accomplish their petty goals, petty use it to accomplish their petty goals, petty use it to accomplish their petty goals, petty use it to accomplish their petty goals,

the great use it to accomplish theithe great use it to accomplish theithe great use it to accomplish theithe great use it to accomplish their great r great r great r great

goals. Whether it be a mountain or river, goals. Whether it be a mountain or river, goals. Whether it be a mountain or river, goals. Whether it be a mountain or river,

mound or hill, grass or wood, bird or beast, mound or hill, grass or wood, bird or beast, mound or hill, grass or wood, bird or beast, mound or hill, grass or wood, bird or beast,

they all are thus enriched. they all are thus enriched. they all are thus enriched. they all are thus enriched. BBBBut if you don't ut if you don't ut if you don't ut if you don't

use the sage's dao, even daimonic clarity use the sage's dao, even daimonic clarity use the sage's dao, even daimonic clarity use the sage's dao, even daimonic clarity

cannot be of benefit to you.cannot be of benefit to you.cannot be of benefit to you.cannot be of benefit to you.

13131313

五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「聖人聖人聖人聖人占占占占天乎天乎天乎天乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「占占占占天地天地天地天地。。。。」「」「」「」「若此若此若此若此，，，，

則則則則史史史史也何異也何異也何異也何異？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「史史史史以天以天以天以天占占占占人人人人，，，，聖人以人聖人以人聖人以人聖人以人占占占占

天天天天。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Does the sage divine about Someone asked: Does the sage divine about Someone asked: Does the sage divine about Someone asked: Does the sage divine about

HeavenHeavenHeavenHeaven????

Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said: He divines about Heaven and He divines about Heaven and He divines about Heaven and He divines about Heaven and

Earth.Earth.Earth.Earth.

If this is so, then how is he different from a If this is so, then how is he different from a If this is so, then how is he different from a If this is so, then how is he different from a

court astrologercourt astrologercourt astrologercourt astrologer????

Yangzi said: The astrologer uses Heaven to Yangzi said: The astrologer uses Heaven to Yangzi said: The astrologer uses Heaven to Yangzi said: The astrologer uses Heaven to

divine about man. The sage uses man to divine divine about man. The sage uses man to divine divine about man. The sage uses man to divine divine about man. The sage uses man to divine

about Heaven.about Heaven.about Heaven.about Heaven.

14141414


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「星星星星有有有有甘甘甘甘、、、、石石石石，，，，何如何如何如何如？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「在德不在在德不在在德不在在德不在星星星星。。。。

德德德德隆隆隆隆則則則則晷晷晷晷星星星星，，，，星星星星隆隆隆隆則則則則晷晷晷晷德德德德也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Among astronomerSomeone asked: Among astronomerSomeone asked: Among astronomerSomeone asked: Among astronomer----astrologers astrologers astrologers astrologers

there are Gan De and Shi Shen. there are Gan De and Shi Shen. there are Gan De and Shi Shen. there are Gan De and Shi Shen. What do you What do you What do you What do you

think about themthink about themthink about themthink about them????

Yangzi said: It lies in one's de, not in the Yangzi said: It lies in one's de, not in the Yangzi said: It lies in one's de, not in the Yangzi said: It lies in one's de, not in the

stars. If one's de flourishes, then the stars stars. If one's de flourishes, then the stars stars. If one's de flourishes, then the stars stars. If one's de flourishes, then the stars

become its gnomon. If one's stars are become its gnomon. If one's stars are become its gnomon. If one's stars are become its gnomon. If one's stars are

flourishing, one's de becomes a gnomon that flourishing, one's de becomes a gnomon that flourishing, one's de becomes a gnomon that flourishing, one's de becomes a gnomon that

reflects this.reflects this.reflects this.reflects this.

15151515


或或或或問問問問「「「「大人大人大人大人」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「無事無事無事無事從從從從小為小為小為小為大人大人大人大人。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問

小小小小。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「事事事事非非非非禮義禮義禮義禮義為小為小為小為小。。。。」」」」

Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Someone asked about the great Someone asked about the great Someone asked about the great Someone asked about the great man.man.man.man.

Years:Years:Years:Years: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: OOOOne who does not engage in petty ne who does not engage in petty ne who does not engage in petty ne who does not engage in petty

affairs is a great man.affairs is a great man.affairs is a great man.affairs is a great man.

May I ask about petty May I ask about petty May I ask about petty May I ask about petty [[[[affairsaffairsaffairsaffairs]?]?]?]?

Yangzi said: Affairs that are not li and yi Yangzi said: Affairs that are not li and yi Yangzi said: Affairs that are not li and yi Yangzi said: Affairs that are not li and yi

are petty.are petty.are petty.are petty.

16161616


聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言遠遠遠遠如如如如天天天天，，，，賢賢賢賢人之言人之言人之言人之言近近近近如如如如地地地地。。。。



The sage's words are far reaching like Tian, The sage's words are far reaching like Tian, The sage's words are far reaching like Tian, The sage's words are far reaching like Tian,

the worthy's words are close like Earth.the worthy's words are close like Earth.the worthy's words are close like Earth.the worthy's words are close like Earth.

17171717


瓏玲瓏玲瓏玲瓏玲其其其其聲聲聲聲者者者者，，，，其質玉其質玉其質玉其質玉乎乎乎乎？？？？



That which produces the tinkling sound of That which produces the tinkling sound of That which produces the tinkling sound of That which produces the tinkling sound of

jadejadejadejade————is it not the substance of jadeis it not the substance of jadeis it not the substance of jadeis it not the substance of jade????

18181818


聖人聖人聖人聖人矢矢矢矢口而口而口而口而成言成言成言成言，，，，肆肆肆肆筆筆筆筆而而而而成成成成書書書書。。。。言可聞言可聞言可聞言可聞而而而而不可不可不可不可殫殫殫殫，，，，書書書書

可可可可觀觀觀觀而而而而不可不可不可不可盡盡盡盡。。。。



The sage casually opens his mouth and his The sage casually opens his mouth and his The sage casually opens his mouth and his The sage casually opens his mouth and his

words become maxims. He effortlessly wields words become maxims. He effortlessly wields words become maxims. He effortlessly wields words become maxims. He effortlessly wields

his brush and his writing becomes a classic. his brush and his writing becomes a classic. his brush and his writing becomes a classic. his brush and his writing becomes a classic.

His words can be heard His words can be heard His words can be heard His words can be heard but cannot be used upbut cannot be used upbut cannot be used upbut cannot be used up;;;;

his writings can be read but cannot be his writings can be read but cannot be his writings can be read but cannot be his writings can be read but cannot be

exhausted.exhausted.exhausted.exhausted.

19191919


周之人周之人周之人周之人多多多多行行行行，，，，秦秦秦秦之人之人之人之人多多多多病病病病。。。。行有之行有之行有之行有之也也也也，，，，病病病病曼曼曼曼之之之之也也也也。。。。周周周周

之士之士之士之士也貴也貴也貴也貴，，，，秦秦秦秦之士之士之士之士也也也也賤賤賤賤。。。。周之士周之士周之士周之士也也也也肆肆肆肆，，，，秦秦秦秦之士之士之士之士也也也也拘拘拘拘。。。。



The men of the Zhou had many The men of the Zhou had many The men of the Zhou had many The men of the Zhou had many

accomplishmentsaccomplishmentsaccomplishmentsaccomplishments;;;;

The men of Qin had many faults.The men of Qin had many faults.The men of Qin had many faults.The men of Qin had many faults.

Accomplishments reach a goalAccomplishments reach a goalAccomplishments reach a goalAccomplishments reach a goal;;;;

Faults reach no goal.Faults reach no goal.Faults reach no goal.Faults reach no goal.

The shi of the Zhou were honorableThe shi of the Zhou were honorableThe shi of the Zhou were honorableThe shi of the Zhou were honorable;;;;

The shi of the The shi of the The shi of the The shi of the Qin were worthless.Qin were worthless.Qin were worthless.Qin were worthless.

The shi of the Zhou did as they pleasedThe shi of the Zhou did as they pleasedThe shi of the Zhou did as they pleasedThe shi of the Zhou did as they pleased;;;;

The shi of the Qin were constrained.The shi of the Qin were constrained.The shi of the Qin were constrained.The shi of the Qin were constrained.

20202020


月未月未月未月未望望望望則則則則載載載載魄魄魄魄於於於於西西西西，，，，既既既既望望望望則終則終則終則終魄魄魄魄於於於於東東東東。。。。其其其其溯溯溯溯於於於於日日日日乎乎乎乎？？？？



When the moon is not yet full, its crescent When the moon is not yet full, its crescent When the moon is not yet full, its crescent When the moon is not yet full, its crescent

first shines in the West. When it has already first shines in the West. When it has already first shines in the West. When it has already first shines in the West. When it has already

been full, its crescent shines last in the been full, its crescent shines last in the been full, its crescent shines last in the been full, its crescent shines last in the

east. The moon is probably moving contrary to east. The moon is probably moving contrary to east. The moon is probably moving contrary to east. The moon is probably moving contrary to

the sun.the sun.the sun.the sun.

21212121 五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 彤彤彤彤弓弓弓弓盧盧盧盧矢矢矢矢，，，，不不不不為為為為有有有有矣矣矣矣。。。。



The crimson bow and black arrowsThe crimson bow and black arrowsThe crimson bow and black arrowsThe crimson bow and black arrows————receiving receiving receiving receiving

them do not them do not them do not them do not amount to having the Mandate.amount to having the Mandate.amount to having the Mandate.amount to having the Mandate.

22222222


聆聆聆聆聽聽聽聽前前前前世世世世，，，，清清清清視視視視在下在下在下在下，，，，鑒鑒鑒鑒莫莫莫莫近近近近於於於於斯矣斯矣斯矣斯矣。。。。



Listen carefully Listen carefully Listen carefully Listen carefully to previous generations,to previous generations,to previous generations,to previous generations,

Look carefully at what is before your own Look carefully at what is before your own Look carefully at what is before your own Look carefully at what is before your own

eyeseyeseyeseyes————

There is no mirror closer by than these.There is no mirror closer by than these.There is no mirror closer by than these.There is no mirror closer by than these.

23232323


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「何如何如何如何如動動動動而而而而見見見見畏畏畏畏？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「畏畏畏畏人人人人。。。。」「」「」「」「何如何如何如何如動動動動

而而而而見見見見侮侮侮侮？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「侮侮侮侮人人人人。。。。」」」」夫夫夫夫見見見見畏畏畏畏與與與與見見見見侮侮侮侮，，，，無不無不無不無不由由由由

己己己己。。。。



Someone asked: How does one act and thereby Someone asked: How does one act and thereby Someone asked: How does one act and thereby Someone asked: How does one act and thereby

receive others' respectreceive others' respectreceive others' respectreceive others' respect????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBy respecting others.y respecting others.y respecting others.y respecting others.

How does one act and thereby How does one act and thereby How does one act and thereby How does one act and thereby become become become become

humiliatedhumiliatedhumiliatedhumiliated????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBy humiliating others. The y humiliating others. The y humiliating others. The y humiliating others. The

difference between being respected and difference between being respected and difference between being respected and difference between being respected and

humiliated comes only from within oneself.humiliated comes only from within oneself.humiliated comes only from within oneself.humiliated comes only from within oneself.

24242424 五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「禮禮禮禮難難難難以以以以強強強強世世世世」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「難難難難故故故故強強強強世世世世。。。。如如如如夷夷夷夷俟俟俟俟、、、、居居居居

肆肆肆肆，，，，羈角羈角羈角羈角之之之之哺果哺果哺果哺果而而而而啖啖啖啖之之之之，，，，奚其奚其奚其奚其強強強強？？？？或或或或性性性性或或或或強強強強，，，，及及及及其其其其名名名名

一一一一也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone said: It is difficult to compel Someone said: It is difficult to compel Someone said: It is difficult to compel Someone said: It is difficult to compel

society to obey and perform li.society to obey and perform li.society to obey and perform li.society to obey and perform li.

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: It is precisely because it is so It is precisely because it is so It is precisely because it is so It is precisely because it is so

difficult that you must compel society to obey difficult that you must compel society to obey difficult that you must compel society to obey difficult that you must compel society to obey

and perform li. It is like audaciously sitting and perform li. It is like audaciously sitting and perform li. It is like audaciously sitting and perform li. It is like audaciously sitting

with ones legs sprawled out, or like a child with ones legs sprawled out, or like a child with ones legs sprawled out, or like a child with ones legs sprawled out, or like a child

biting a fruit and gobbling it down. How are biting a fruit and gobbling it down. How are biting a fruit and gobbling it down. How are biting a fruit and gobbling it down. How are

these compelledthese compelledthese compelledthese compelled???? BBBBut whether itut whether itut whether itut whether it』』』』s in ons in ons in ons in oneeee』』』』s s s s

nature or whether it is compelled, once one is nature or whether it is compelled, once one is nature or whether it is compelled, once one is nature or whether it is compelled, once one is

completely accustomed to it, it is equally completely accustomed to it, it is equally completely accustomed to it, it is equally completely accustomed to it, it is equally

natural.natural.natural.natural.

25252525


見見見見弓弓弓弓之之之之張兮張兮張兮張兮，，，，弛弛弛弛而而而而不失不失不失不失其良其良其良其良兮兮兮兮。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「何謂也何謂也何謂也何謂也？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「檠檠檠檠之之之之而已矣而已矣而已矣而已矣。。。。」」」」



Look at a drawn bowLook at a drawn bowLook at a drawn bowLook at a drawn bow————it will still be good it will still be good it will still be good it will still be good

when the tension is relaxed.when the tension is relaxed.when the tension is relaxed.when the tension is relaxed.

The other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you mean????

Yangzi said: I simply mean that it has been Yangzi said: I simply mean that it has been Yangzi said: I simply mean that it has been Yangzi said: I simply mean that it has been

molded to shape.molded to shape.molded to shape.molded to shape.

26262626


川川川川有有有有防防防防，，，，器器器器有範有範有範有範，，，，見禮見禮見禮見禮教教教教之至之至之至之至也也也也。。。。

Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred Five Hundred For rivers there are levees, for vessels there For rivers there are levees, for vessels there For rivers there are levees, for vessels there For rivers there are levees, for vessels there

Years:Years:Years:Years: areareareare molds. From these one can see the molds. From these one can see the molds. From these one can see the molds. From these one can see the

indispensability li and education.indispensability li and education.indispensability li and education.indispensability li and education.

27272727


經經經經營營營營然後知然後知然後知然後知幹幹幹幹、、、、楨楨楨楨之克立之克立之克立之克立也也也也。。。。



OOOOnce you survey, then you know where you can nce you survey, then you know where you can nce you survey, then you know where you can nce you survey, then you know where you can

put the posts and planks.put the posts and planks.put the posts and planks.put the posts and planks.

28282828

五百五百五百五百卷第卷第卷第卷第......... :. :. :. :

莊莊莊莊、、、、楊楊楊楊蕩蕩蕩蕩而而而而不法不法不法不法，，，，墨墨墨墨、、、、晏儉晏儉晏儉晏儉而而而而廢廢廢廢禮禮禮禮，，，，申申申申、、、、韓韓韓韓險險險險而而而而無無無無

化化化化，，，，鄒衍鄒衍鄒衍鄒衍迂迂迂迂而而而而不不不不信信信信。。。。



Zhuang Zhou and Yang Zhu were reckless and Zhuang Zhou and Yang Zhu were reckless and Zhuang Zhou and Yang Zhu were reckless and Zhuang Zhou and Yang Zhu were reckless and

unmethodical. Mo Di and Yan Ying were stingy unmethodical. Mo Di and Yan Ying were stingy unmethodical. Mo Di and Yan Ying were stingy unmethodical. Mo Di and Yan Ying were stingy

and dispensed with li. Shen and dispensed with li. Shen and dispensed with li. Shen and dispensed with li. Shen BBBBuhai and Han uhai and Han uhai and Han uhai and Han

Feizi wereFeizi wereFeizi wereFeizi were devious and had no power to devious and had no power to devious and had no power to devious and had no power to

transform people. Zou Yan was preposterous and transform people. Zou Yan was preposterous and transform people. Zou Yan was preposterous and transform people. Zou Yan was preposterous and

not to be believed.not to be believed.not to be believed.not to be believed.

29292929


聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之材材材材，，，，天地天地天地天地也也也也；；；；次次次次，，，，山陵山陵山陵山陵、、、、川川川川泉泉泉泉也也也也；；；；次次次次，，，，鳥鳥鳥鳥魯魯魯魯草草草草

木也木也木也木也。。。。



The materials of the sage are Heaven and The materials of the sage are Heaven and The materials of the sage are Heaven and The materials of the sage are Heaven and

EarthEarthEarthEarth;;;; next he turns to mountains and hills, next he turns to mountains and hills, next he turns to mountains and hills, next he turns to mountains and hills,

rivers and springsrivers and springsrivers and springsrivers and springs;;;; and finally, birds and and finally, birds and and finally, birds and and finally, birds and

beasts, grass and wood.beasts, grass and wood.beasts, grass and wood.beasts, grass and wood.

《《《《先知先知先知先知卷第卷第卷第卷第九九九九 ---- ForeknowledgeForeknowledgeForeknowledgeForeknowledge》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

先知先知先知先知卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

「「「「先知先知先知先知其其其其幾幾幾幾於神乎於神乎於神乎於神乎？？？？敢敢敢敢問先知問先知問先知問先知。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不知不知不知不知。。。。知知知知其其其其

道道道道者其如視者其如視者其如視者其如視，，，，忽忽忽忽、、、、眇眇眇眇、、、、綿綿綿綿作作作作昞昞昞昞。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Foreknowledge of the future is probably Foreknowledge of the future is probably Foreknowledge of the future is probably Foreknowledge of the future is probably

similar to shen.similar to shen.similar to shen.similar to shen.

May I ask about foreknowledgeMay I ask about foreknowledgeMay I ask about foreknowledgeMay I ask about foreknowledge????

Yangzi said: I do not know. For one who knows Yangzi said: I do not know. For one who knows Yangzi said: I do not know. For one who knows Yangzi said: I do not know. For one who knows

its dao, it is probably just its dao, it is probably just its dao, it is probably just its dao, it is probably just like seeing the like seeing the like seeing the like seeing the

obscure, the small, and the remote as being obscure, the small, and the remote as being obscure, the small, and the remote as being obscure, the small, and the remote as being

completely illuminated.completely illuminated.completely illuminated.completely illuminated.

2222


先先先先甲甲甲甲一一一一日易日易日易日易，，，，後後後後甲甲甲甲一一一一日日日日難難難難。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: If you issue a decree a day before it becomes If you issue a decree a day before it becomes If you issue a decree a day before it becomes If you issue a decree a day before it becomes

necessary, it will be easy to implement. If necessary, it will be easy to implement. If necessary, it will be easy to implement. If necessary, it will be easy to implement. If

you wait until a day after it becomes you wait until a day after it becomes you wait until a day after it becomes you wait until a day after it becomes

necessary, it will be difficult to implement.necessary, it will be difficult to implement.necessary, it will be difficult to implement.necessary, it will be difficult to implement.

3333


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「何何何何以以以以治治治治國國國國？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「立政立政立政立政。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何何何何以立以立以立以立

政政政政？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「政之本政之本政之本政之本，，，，身身身身也也也也，，，，身立則政立身立則政立身立則政立身立則政立矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:

Someone asked: How does one rule a kingdomSomeone asked: How does one rule a kingdomSomeone asked: How does one rule a kingdomSomeone asked: How does one rule a kingdom????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBy establishing goody establishing goody establishing goody establishing good government.government.government.government.

The other said: How does one establish good The other said: How does one establish good The other said: How does one establish good The other said: How does one establish good

governmentgovernmentgovernmentgovernment????

Yangzi said: The root of good government lies Yangzi said: The root of good government lies Yangzi said: The root of good government lies Yangzi said: The root of good government lies

in the ruler himself. If the ruler is able to in the ruler himself. If the ruler is able to in the ruler himself. If the ruler is able to in the ruler himself. If the ruler is able to

cultivate himself properly, then good cultivate himself properly, then good cultivate himself properly, then good cultivate himself properly, then good

government will be established.government will be established.government will be established.government will be established.

4444


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「為為為為政有政有政有政有幾幾幾幾？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「思思思思斁斁斁斁。。。。」」」」或或或或問問問問「「「「思思思思

斁斁斁斁」？」？」？」？曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔在周昔在周昔在周昔在周公公公公，，，，征征征征於於於於東東東東方方方方，，，，四國四國四國四國是是是是王王王王。。。。召伯召伯召伯召伯

述述述述職職職職，，，，蔽蔽蔽蔽芾甘棠芾甘棠芾甘棠芾甘棠，，，，其思矣其思矣其思矣其思矣。。。。夫夫夫夫齊齊齊齊桓桓桓桓欲欲欲欲徑徑徑徑陳陳陳陳，，，，陳不陳不陳不陳不果果果果

內內內內，，，，執執執執袁濤袁濤袁濤袁濤塗塗塗塗，，，，其其其其斁斁斁斁矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫。。。。於於於於戲戲戲戲，，，，從從從從政政政政者審其思者審其思者審其思者審其思斁斁斁斁而而而而

已矣已矣已矣已矣。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone asked: Does governing have a key Someone asked: Does governing have a key Someone asked: Does governing have a key Someone asked: Does governing have a key

elementelementelementelement????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBeing cherished or being eing cherished or being eing cherished or being eing cherished or being

despised.despised.despised.despised.

The other asked about being The other asked about being The other asked about being The other asked about being cherished and cherished and cherished and cherished and

being despised.being despised.being despised.being despised.

Yangzi said: In the past the Duke of Zhou Yangzi said: In the past the Duke of Zhou Yangzi said: In the past the Duke of Zhou Yangzi said: In the past the Duke of Zhou

attacked and rectified the four kingdoms of attacked and rectified the four kingdoms of attacked and rectified the four kingdoms of attacked and rectified the four kingdoms of

the east. Shaobo carried out his duties and the east. Shaobo carried out his duties and the east. Shaobo carried out his duties and the east. Shaobo carried out his duties and

resided under "the shade of the pear tree." resided under "the shade of the pear tree." resided under "the shade of the pear tree." resided under "the shade of the pear tree."

BBBBeing thus remembered in verse is being eing thus remembered in verse is being eing thus remembered in verse is being eing thus remembered in verse is being

cherished. Hcherished. Hcherished. Hcherished. Huan of Qi wanted to pass through uan of Qi wanted to pass through uan of Qi wanted to pass through uan of Qi wanted to pass through

Chen, but Chen would not allow him to enter, Chen, but Chen would not allow him to enter, Chen, but Chen would not allow him to enter, Chen, but Chen would not allow him to enter,

so he arrested Yuan Taotu. This is being so he arrested Yuan Taotu. This is being so he arrested Yuan Taotu. This is being so he arrested Yuan Taotu. This is being

despised. Alas! despised. Alas! despised. Alas! despised. Alas! OOOOne who governs simply has to ne who governs simply has to ne who governs simply has to ne who governs simply has to

pay close attention to whether he is cherished pay close attention to whether he is cherished pay close attention to whether he is cherished pay close attention to whether he is cherished

or despised.or despised.or despised.or despised.

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「何思何思何思何思？？？？何何何何斁斁斁斁？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「老老老老人人人人老老老老，，，，孤孤孤孤人人人人孤孤孤孤，，，，病病病病

者養者養者養者養，，，，死者葬死者葬死者葬死者葬，，，，男男男男子子子子畝畝畝畝，，，，婦婦婦婦人人人人桑桑桑桑之之之之謂思謂思謂思謂思。。。。若若若若汙汙汙汙人人人人老老老老，，，，

屈屈屈屈人人人人孤孤孤孤，，，，病病病病者者者者獨獨獨獨，，，，死者死者死者死者逋逋逋逋，，，，田田田田畝畝畝畝荒荒荒荒，，，，杼軸杼軸杼軸杼軸空空空空之之之之謂謂謂謂

斁斁斁斁。。。。」」」」

The other said: What makes one cherished or The other said: What makes one cherished or The other said: What makes one cherished or The other said: What makes one cherished or

despiseddespiseddespiseddespised????

Yangzi said: Treat the elderly as elderly, Yangzi said: Treat the elderly as elderly, Yangzi said: Treat the elderly as elderly, Yangzi said: Treat the elderly as elderly,

treat orphans as orphanstreat orphans as orphanstreat orphans as orphanstreat orphans as orphans;;;; nourish the sick and nourish the sick and nourish the sick and nourish the sick and

bury the deadbury the deadbury the deadbury the dead;;;; let men tend their mou of land let men tend their mou of land let men tend their mou of land let men tend their mou of land

and let women tend the mulberry trees and let women tend the mulberry trees and let women tend the mulberry trees and let women tend the mulberry trees ————you you you you

will be referred to as will be referred to as will be referred to as will be referred to as 「「「「cherished.cherished.cherished.cherished.」」」」 Treat Treat Treat Treat

the elderly disrespectfully and neglect the elderly disrespectfully and neglect the elderly disrespectfully and neglect the elderly disrespectfully and neglect

orphansorphansorphansorphans;;;; abandon the sick and leave the dead abandon the sick and leave the dead abandon the sick and leave the dead abandon the sick and leave the dead

exposedexposedexposedexposed;;;; leave the leave the leave the leave the fields uncultivated and the fields uncultivated and the fields uncultivated and the fields uncultivated and the

shuttles for weaving emptyshuttles for weaving emptyshuttles for weaving emptyshuttles for weaving empty————you will be you will be you will be you will be

referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as 「「「「despised.despised.despised.despised.」」」」

5555


為為為為政政政政日日日日新新新新。。。。或或或或人人人人：「：「：「：「敢敢敢敢問問問問日日日日新新新新。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「使使使使之之之之利其利其利其利其

仁仁仁仁，，，，樂其樂其樂其樂其義義義義，，，，厲厲厲厲之以名之以名之以名之以名，，，，引引引引之以之以之以之以美美美美，，，，使使使使之之之之陶陶陶陶陶陶陶陶然之然之然之然之謂謂謂謂

日日日日新新新新。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: In governing, In governing, In governing, In governing, [[[[practicepracticepracticepractice]]]] daily renewal. daily renewal. daily renewal. daily renewal.

The other said: Do I dare ask about daily The other said: Do I dare ask about daily The other said: Do I dare ask about daily The other said: Do I dare ask about daily

renewalrenewalrenewalrenewal????

Yangzi said: Make the people see their ren as Yangzi said: Make the people see their ren as Yangzi said: Make the people see their ren as Yangzi said: Make the people see their ren as

a benefit, their yi as happiness. Encourage a benefit, their yi as happiness. Encourage a benefit, their yi as happiness. Encourage a benefit, their yi as happiness. Encourage

them to make a name for themselves, guide them them to make a name for themselves, guide them them to make a name for themselves, guide them them to make a name for themselves, guide them

with praise, and make them feel pleased with with praise, and make them feel pleased with with praise, and make them feel pleased with with praise, and make them feel pleased with

themselves. This is called daily renewal.themselves. This is called daily renewal.themselves. This is called daily renewal.themselves. This is called daily renewal.

6666


或或或或問問問問「「「「民民民民所所所所勤勤勤勤」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「民有民有民有民有三勤三勤三勤三勤。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何哉所何哉所何哉所何哉所

謂謂謂謂三勤三勤三勤三勤？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「政政政政善而善而善而善而吏吏吏吏惡惡惡惡，，，，一一一一勤勤勤勤也也也也；；；；吏吏吏吏善而善而善而善而政政政政

惡惡惡惡，，，，二勤二勤二勤二勤也也也也；；；；政政政政、、、、吏駢吏駢吏駢吏駢惡惡惡惡，，，，三勤三勤三勤三勤也也也也。。。。禽獸食禽獸食禽獸食禽獸食人之人之人之人之食食食食，，，，

土土土土木木木木衣衣衣衣人之人之人之人之帛帛帛帛。。。。谷谷谷谷人不人不人不人不足足足足於於於於晝晝晝晝，，，，絲絲絲絲人不人不人不人不足足足足於於於於夜夜夜夜之之之之謂惡謂惡謂惡謂惡

政政政政。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone asked about what troubles the people.Someone asked about what troubles the people.Someone asked about what troubles the people.Someone asked about what troubles the people.

Yangzi said: The people have three troubles.Yangzi said: The people have three troubles.Yangzi said: The people have three troubles.Yangzi said: The people have three troubles.

The other said: What are these three trouThe other said: What are these three trouThe other said: What are these three trouThe other said: What are these three troublesblesblesbles????

Yangzi said: When the rules of government is Yangzi said: When the rules of government is Yangzi said: When the rules of government is Yangzi said: When the rules of government is

good but the officials are bad, this is the good but the officials are bad, this is the good but the officials are bad, this is the good but the officials are bad, this is the

first trouble. When the officials are good but first trouble. When the officials are good but first trouble. When the officials are good but first trouble. When the officials are good but

the rules of government is bad, this is the the rules of government is bad, this is the the rules of government is bad, this is the the rules of government is bad, this is the

second trouble. When the rules of government second trouble. When the rules of government second trouble. When the rules of government second trouble. When the rules of government

and officials are both baand officials are both baand officials are both baand officials are both bad, this is the third d, this is the third d, this is the third d, this is the third

trouble. When the birds and beasts eat trouble. When the birds and beasts eat trouble. When the birds and beasts eat trouble. When the birds and beasts eat

people's food, when buildings are adorned with people's food, when buildings are adorned with people's food, when buildings are adorned with people's food, when buildings are adorned with

the silk that ought to be used for clothing, the silk that ought to be used for clothing, the silk that ought to be used for clothing, the silk that ought to be used for clothing,

when farmers and weavers work day and night when farmers and weavers work day and night when farmers and weavers work day and night when farmers and weavers work day and night

and it is still not sufficientand it is still not sufficientand it is still not sufficientand it is still not sufficient————this is called this is called this is called this is called

bad governmentbad governmentbad governmentbad government....

7777


聖人聖人聖人聖人，，，，文質者也文質者也文質者也文質者也。。。。車車車車服服服服以以以以彰彰彰彰之之之之，，，，藻藻藻藻色色色色以明之以明之以明之以明之，，，，聲聲聲聲音音音音以以以以

揚之揚之揚之揚之，，，，詩詩詩詩書書書書以以以以光光光光之之之之。。。。籩豆籩豆籩豆籩豆不陳不陳不陳不陳，，，，玉玉玉玉帛帛帛帛不不不不分分分分，，，，琴瑟琴瑟琴瑟琴瑟不不不不

鏗鏗鏗鏗，，，，鐘鐘鐘鐘鼓不鼓不鼓不鼓不抎抎抎抎，，，，則吾無以見聖人則吾無以見聖人則吾無以見聖人則吾無以見聖人矣矣矣矣。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: The The The The sage is one who ornaments people's zhi. sage is one who ornaments people's zhi. sage is one who ornaments people's zhi. sage is one who ornaments people's zhi.

Carts and robes are used to display itCarts and robes are used to display itCarts and robes are used to display itCarts and robes are used to display it;;;;

beautiful colors are used to illuminate itbeautiful colors are used to illuminate itbeautiful colors are used to illuminate itbeautiful colors are used to illuminate it;;;;

singing and music are used to praise itsinging and music are used to praise itsinging and music are used to praise itsinging and music are used to praise it;;;;

poetry and writings are used to make it poetry and writings are used to make it poetry and writings are used to make it poetry and writings are used to make it

glorious. If the ritual vessels are not set glorious. If the ritual vessels are not set glorious. If the ritual vessels are not set glorious. If the ritual vessels are not set

out, thout, thout, thout, the jade and silk not properly e jade and silk not properly e jade and silk not properly e jade and silk not properly

distributed, the zither and harp not struck, distributed, the zither and harp not struck, distributed, the zither and harp not struck, distributed, the zither and harp not struck,

the bells and drums not beaten, then I have no the bells and drums not beaten, then I have no the bells and drums not beaten, then I have no the bells and drums not beaten, then I have no

way to recognize the sage.way to recognize the sage.way to recognize the sage.way to recognize the sage.

8888


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「以以以以往往往往聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法治治治治將來將來將來將來，，，，譬譬譬譬猶猶猶猶膠柱膠柱膠柱膠柱而而而而調瑟調瑟調瑟調瑟，，，，有有有有

諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰，，，，「「「「有之有之有之有之。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: UUUUsing the model of the sagessing the model of the sagessing the model of the sagessing the model of the sages of of of of

the past in order to govern the present is the past in order to govern the present is the past in order to govern the present is the past in order to govern the present is

like gluing the pegs and trying to tune the like gluing the pegs and trying to tune the like gluing the pegs and trying to tune the like gluing the pegs and trying to tune the

zither, is it notzither, is it notzither, is it notzither, is it not????

Yangzi said: It is.Yangzi said: It is.Yangzi said: It is.Yangzi said: It is.

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖君聖君聖君聖君少而少而少而少而庸庸庸庸君君君君多多多多，，，，如如如如獨守獨守獨守獨守仲尼之道仲尼之道仲尼之道仲尼之道，，，，是是是是漆漆漆漆

也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法聖人之法，，，，未嘗未嘗未嘗未嘗不不不不關盛關盛關盛關盛衰衰衰衰焉焉焉焉。。。。昔昔昔昔者者者者，，，，堯堯堯堯

有天下有天下有天下有天下，，，，舉舉舉舉大大大大綱綱綱綱，，，，命命命命舜舜舜舜、、、、禹禹禹禹；；；；夏夏夏夏、、、、殷殷殷殷、、、、周周周周屬屬屬屬其其其其子子子子，，，，不不不不

膠膠膠膠者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣！！！！唐唐唐唐、、、、虞虞虞虞象象象象刑惟刑惟刑惟刑惟明明明明，，，，夏夏夏夏后后后后肉肉肉肉辟三千辟三千辟三千辟三千，，，，不不不不膠膠膠膠者者者者

卓矣卓矣卓矣卓矣！！！！堯堯堯堯親親親親九九九九族族族族，，，，協協協協和萬國和萬國和萬國和萬國。。。。湯武湯武湯武湯武桓桓桓桓桓桓桓桓，，，，征征征征伐伐伐伐四克四克四克四克。。。。

由由由由是是是是言之言之言之言之，，，，不不不不膠膠膠膠者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣。。。。禮禮禮禮樂樂樂樂征征征征伐伐伐伐，，，，自自自自天子天子天子天子所所所所出出出出。。。。春春春春

秋秋秋秋之之之之時時時時，，，，齊齊齊齊晉晉晉晉實實實實予予予予，，，，不不不不膠膠膠膠者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣者卓矣！」！」！」！」

The other said: Sage rulers are The other said: Sage rulers are The other said: Sage rulers are The other said: Sage rulers are rare, but rare, but rare, but rare, but

mediocre rulers are many. Sticking only to mediocre rulers are many. Sticking only to mediocre rulers are many. Sticking only to mediocre rulers are many. Sticking only to

Confucius's daoConfucius's daoConfucius's daoConfucius's dao————this is like lacquering the this is like lacquering the this is like lacquering the this is like lacquering the

pegs.pegs.pegs.pegs.

Yangzi said: Have the sage's ways ever been Yangzi said: Have the sage's ways ever been Yangzi said: Have the sage's ways ever been Yangzi said: Have the sage's ways ever been

unrelated to unrelated to unrelated to unrelated to [[[[the kingdom'sthe kingdom'sthe kingdom'sthe kingdom's]]]] flourishing and flourishing and flourishing and flourishing and

declinedeclinedeclinedecline???? In the past, when Yao ruled all under In the past, when Yao ruled all under In the past, when Yao ruled all under In the past, when Yao ruled all under

Heaven, he graspeHeaven, he graspeHeaven, he graspeHeaven, he grasped the guidelines of d the guidelines of d the guidelines of d the guidelines of

government and appointed Shun to be ruler, and government and appointed Shun to be ruler, and government and appointed Shun to be ruler, and government and appointed Shun to be ruler, and

Shun appointed Yu to be ruler. The Xia, Yin, Shun appointed Yu to be ruler. The Xia, Yin, Shun appointed Yu to be ruler. The Xia, Yin, Shun appointed Yu to be ruler. The Xia, Yin,

and Zhou gave it to their sonsand Zhou gave it to their sonsand Zhou gave it to their sonsand Zhou gave it to their sons———— they were not they were not they were not they were not

glued to the sages' ways, that much is clear! glued to the sages' ways, that much is clear! glued to the sages' ways, that much is clear! glued to the sages' ways, that much is clear!

Yao and Shun employed symbolic punishments to Yao and Shun employed symbolic punishments to Yao and Shun employed symbolic punishments to Yao and Shun employed symbolic punishments to

make tmake tmake tmake the laws clear. During the Xia, the types he laws clear. During the Xia, the types he laws clear. During the Xia, the types he laws clear. During the Xia, the types

of corporeal punishments grew to three of corporeal punishments grew to three of corporeal punishments grew to three of corporeal punishments grew to three

thousandthousandthousandthousand————they were not glued to the sages' they were not glued to the sages' they were not glued to the sages' they were not glued to the sages'

ways, that much is clear! Yao considered the ways, that much is clear! Yao considered the ways, that much is clear! Yao considered the ways, that much is clear! Yao considered the

nine tribes as his own family, and harmonized nine tribes as his own family, and harmonized nine tribes as his own family, and harmonized nine tribes as his own family, and harmonized

the ten thousand kingdoms. Tang and Wu werthe ten thousand kingdoms. Tang and Wu werthe ten thousand kingdoms. Tang and Wu werthe ten thousand kingdoms. Tang and Wu were e e e

martial, and attacked all within the four martial, and attacked all within the four martial, and attacked all within the four martial, and attacked all within the four

directions. From these examples, we may directions. From these examples, we may directions. From these examples, we may directions. From these examples, we may

conclude that they were not glued to the conclude that they were not glued to the conclude that they were not glued to the conclude that they were not glued to the

sages' ways, that much is clear! The Lunyu sages' ways, that much is clear! The Lunyu sages' ways, that much is clear! The Lunyu sages' ways, that much is clear! The Lunyu

says, says, says, says, 「「「「Li, music, and military attacks come Li, music, and military attacks come Li, music, and military attacks come Li, music, and military attacks come

from the Son of Heaven." from the Son of Heaven." from the Son of Heaven." from the Son of Heaven." BBBBut during the Spriut during the Spriut during the Spriut during the Spring ng ng ng

and Autumn period, Qi and Jin instigated them. and Autumn period, Qi and Jin instigated them. and Autumn period, Qi and Jin instigated them. and Autumn period, Qi and Jin instigated them.

They were not glued to the sages' ways, that They were not glued to the sages' ways, that They were not glued to the sages' ways, that They were not glued to the sages' ways, that

much is clear!much is clear!much is clear!much is clear!

9999


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「人君不可不學人君不可不學人君不可不學人君不可不學《《《《律律律律》、《》、《》、《》、《令令令令》。》。》。》。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君君君君

子子子子為為為為國國國國，，，，張張張張其其其其綱紀綱紀綱紀綱紀，，，，謹謹謹謹其教其教其教其教化化化化。。。。導導導導之以仁之以仁之以仁之以仁，，，，則下不相則下不相則下不相則下不相

賊賊賊賊；；；；蒞蒞蒞蒞之以之以之以之以廉廉廉廉，，，，則下不相則下不相則下不相則下不相盜盜盜盜；；；；臨臨臨臨之以之以之以之以正正正正，，，，則下不相則下不相則下不相則下不相

詐詐詐詐；；；；修之以禮義修之以禮義修之以禮義修之以禮義，，，，則下則下則下則下多多多多德德德德讓讓讓讓。。。。此此此此君子君子君子君子所所所所當當當當學學學學也也也也。。。。如如如如

有有有有犯犯犯犯法法法法，，，，則則則則司司司司獄獄獄獄在在在在。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone said: The people's ruler cannot but Someone said: The people's ruler cannot but Someone said: The people's ruler cannot but Someone said: The people's ruler cannot but

study laws and ordinances.study laws and ordinances.study laws and ordinances.study laws and ordinances.

Yangzi said: When governing the kingdom, a Yangzi said: When governing the kingdom, a Yangzi said: When governing the kingdom, a Yangzi said: When governing the kingdom, a

junzi establishes its mainstays and junzi establishes its mainstays and junzi establishes its mainstays and junzi establishes its mainstays and

guidelines, and pays close attention to guidelines, and pays close attention to guidelines, and pays close attention to guidelines, and pays close attention to

education and culture. If he leads them by education and culture. If he leads them by education and culture. If he leads them by education and culture. If he leads them by

means ofmeans ofmeans ofmeans of ren, then those below will not harm ren, then those below will not harm ren, then those below will not harm ren, then those below will not harm

one another. If he appears before them one another. If he appears before them one another. If he appears before them one another. If he appears before them

modestly, then those below will not steal from modestly, then those below will not steal from modestly, then those below will not steal from modestly, then those below will not steal from

one another. If he approaches them honestly, one another. If he approaches them honestly, one another. If he approaches them honestly, one another. If he approaches them honestly,

then those below will not be deceitful with then those below will not be deceitful with then those below will not be deceitful with then those below will not be deceitful with

one another. If he cultivates them using li one another. If he cultivates them using li one another. If he cultivates them using li one another. If he cultivates them using li

and yi, then those below will be more yielding and yi, then those below will be more yielding and yi, then those below will be more yielding and yi, then those below will be more yielding

and increase their de. This is what the junzi and increase their de. This is what the junzi and increase their de. This is what the junzi and increase their de. This is what the junzi

should study. If there are those who break the should study. If there are those who break the should study. If there are those who break the should study. If there are those who break the

law, then there are officers and jails to deal law, then there are officers and jails to deal law, then there are officers and jails to deal law, then there are officers and jails to deal

with them.with them.with them.with them.

10101010


或苦或苦或苦或苦亂亂亂亂。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「綱紀綱紀綱紀綱紀。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「惡惡惡惡在於在於在於在於綱紀綱紀綱紀綱紀？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「大大大大作作作作綱綱綱綱，，，，小作小作小作小作紀紀紀紀，，，，如如如如綱綱綱綱不不不不綱綱綱綱，，，，紀紀紀紀不不不不紀紀紀紀，，，，雖雖雖雖有有有有羅網羅網羅網羅網，，，，

惡得惡得惡得惡得一一一一目目目目而正而正而正而正諸諸諸諸？」？」？」？」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone Someone Someone Someone expressed worry about expressed worry about expressed worry about expressed worry about [[[[the world'sthe world'sthe world'sthe world's]]]]

chaos.chaos.chaos.chaos.

Yangzi said: ItYangzi said: ItYangzi said: ItYangzi said: It』』』』s in the mainstays and s in the mainstays and s in the mainstays and s in the mainstays and

guidelines.guidelines.guidelines.guidelines.

The other said: How does it lie in the The other said: How does it lie in the The other said: How does it lie in the The other said: How does it lie in the

mainstays and its guidelinesmainstays and its guidelinesmainstays and its guidelinesmainstays and its guidelines????

Yangzi said: In great affairs employ the Yangzi said: In great affairs employ the Yangzi said: In great affairs employ the Yangzi said: In great affairs employ the

mainstays, in small affairs use the mainstays, in small affairs use the mainstays, in small affairs use the mainstays, in small affairs use the

guidelines. If tguidelines. If tguidelines. If tguidelines. If the main lines are no good, and he main lines are no good, and he main lines are no good, and he main lines are no good, and

neither are the connecting lines, how could a neither are the connecting lines, how could a neither are the connecting lines, how could a neither are the connecting lines, how could a

hunting net have even one eyelet aligned.hunting net have even one eyelet aligned.hunting net have even one eyelet aligned.hunting net have even one eyelet aligned.

11111111


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「齊齊齊齊得得得得夷夷夷夷吾吾吾吾而而而而霸霸霸霸，，，，仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼曰小曰小曰小曰小器器器器。。。。請請請請問大問大問大問大器器器器。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「大大大大器器器器其猶其猶其猶其猶規矩準繩規矩準繩規矩準繩規矩準繩乎乎乎乎？？？？先先先先自自自自治而治而治而治而後後後後治治治治人之人之人之人之謂謂謂謂大大大大

器器器器。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone asked: Duke Huan of Qi employed Guan Someone asked: Duke Huan of Qi employed Guan Someone asked: Duke Huan of Qi employed Guan Someone asked: Duke Huan of Qi employed Guan

Zhong and became hegemon. Confucius said, "He Zhong and became hegemon. Confucius said, "He Zhong and became hegemon. Confucius said, "He Zhong and became hegemon. Confucius said, "He

was a small vessel." May I ask about a great was a small vessel." May I ask about a great was a small vessel." May I ask about a great was a small vessel." May I ask about a great

vesselvesselvesselvessel????

Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said: A great vessel is like compass A great vessel is like compass A great vessel is like compass A great vessel is like compass

and square, level and marking line! First you and square, level and marking line! First you and square, level and marking line! First you and square, level and marking line! First you

govern yourself, and only then do you govern govern yourself, and only then do you govern govern yourself, and only then do you govern govern yourself, and only then do you govern

othersothersothersothers————this is referred to as being a great this is referred to as being a great this is referred to as being a great this is referred to as being a great

vessel.vessel.vessel.vessel.

12121212


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「正正正正國國國國何何何何先先先先？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「躬躬躬躬工工工工人人人人績績績績。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone asked: In rectifying a kingdom, what Someone asked: In rectifying a kingdom, what Someone asked: In rectifying a kingdom, what Someone asked: In rectifying a kingdom, what

comes firstcomes firstcomes firstcomes first????

Yangzi said: Align yourself and others will Yangzi said: Align yourself and others will Yangzi said: Align yourself and others will Yangzi said: Align yourself and others will

line up.line up.line up.line up.

13131313


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「為為為為政先政先政先政先殺殺殺殺後後後後教教教教。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「於乎於乎於乎於乎，，，，天先天先天先天先秋秋秋秋而而而而後後後後

春春春春乎乎乎乎？？？？將先將先將先將先春春春春而而而而後後後後秋秋秋秋乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone said: In governing, do you not put Someone said: In governing, do you not put Someone said: In governing, do you not put Someone said: In governing, do you not put

execution first and education nextexecution first and education nextexecution first and education nextexecution first and education next????

Yangzi said: Indeed! Does Tian begin with Yangzi said: Indeed! Does Tian begin with Yangzi said: Indeed! Does Tian begin with Yangzi said: Indeed! Does Tian begin with

autumn and follow with springautumn and follow with springautumn and follow with springautumn and follow with spring???? OOOOr does it r does it r does it r does it

first begin with spring andfirst begin with spring andfirst begin with spring andfirst begin with spring and follow with follow with follow with follow with

autumnautumnautumnautumn????

14141414


吾見吾見吾見吾見玄駒玄駒玄駒玄駒之之之之步步步步，，，，雉雉雉雉之之之之晨雊晨雊晨雊晨雊也也也也，，，，化化化化其其其其可以可以可以可以已矣哉已矣哉已矣哉已矣哉。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: I see the black ants I see the black ants I see the black ants I see the black ants marching out of their marching out of their marching out of their marching out of their

nest and hear the morning call of the nest and hear the morning call of the nest and hear the morning call of the nest and hear the morning call of the

pheasantpheasantpheasantpheasant————how can change be stoppedhow can change be stoppedhow can change be stoppedhow can change be stopped????

Han Jing explains that the ancients understood Han Jing explains that the ancients understood Han Jing explains that the ancients understood Han Jing explains that the ancients understood

black ants coming out of their nest as a black ants coming out of their nest as a black ants coming out of their nest as a black ants coming out of their nest as a

symbol of seasonal and climatic change.symbol of seasonal and climatic change.symbol of seasonal and climatic change.symbol of seasonal and climatic change.

15151515


民可民可民可民可使覿使覿使覿使覿德德德德，，，，不可不可不可不可使覿使覿使覿使覿刑刑刑刑。。。。覿覿覿覿德則純德則純德則純德則純，，，，覿覿覿覿刑刑刑刑則則則則亂亂亂亂。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: The people can be allowed to see the ruler The people can be allowed to see the ruler The people can be allowed to see the ruler The people can be allowed to see the ruler

implementing de, but should not be implementing de, but should not be implementing de, but should not be implementing de, but should not be allowed to allowed to allowed to allowed to

see punishment being carried out. If they see see punishment being carried out. If they see see punishment being carried out. If they see see punishment being carried out. If they see

de, they will be pure and simple, but if they de, they will be pure and simple, but if they de, they will be pure and simple, but if they de, they will be pure and simple, but if they

see punishment, there will be chaos.see punishment, there will be chaos.see punishment, there will be chaos.see punishment, there will be chaos.

16161616


象象象象龍龍龍龍之之之之致致致致雨雨雨雨也也也也，，，，難難難難矣哉矣哉矣哉矣哉。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「龍龍龍龍乎乎乎乎！！！！龍龍龍龍乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: UUUUsing images of the dragon to bring rain is sing images of the dragon to bring rain is sing images of the dragon to bring rain is sing images of the dragon to bring rain is

difficult!difficult!difficult!difficult!

Yangzi said: DragonsYangzi said: DragonsYangzi said: DragonsYangzi said: Dragons???? Dragons Dragons Dragons Dragons????

17171717


或或或或問問問問「「「「政政政政核核核核」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「真真真真偽偽偽偽，，，，真真真真偽偽偽偽則政則政則政則政核核核核。。。。如如如如真不真不真不真不

真真真真，，，，偽偽偽偽不不不不偽偽偽偽，，，，則政不則政不則政不則政不核核核核。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone asked about the core of Someone asked about the core of Someone asked about the core of Someone asked about the core of governing.governing.governing.governing.

Yangzi said: Discriminating the true and the Yangzi said: Discriminating the true and the Yangzi said: Discriminating the true and the Yangzi said: Discriminating the true and the

false. If you can discriminate the true and false. If you can discriminate the true and false. If you can discriminate the true and false. If you can discriminate the true and

the false, then you have grasped the core of the false, then you have grasped the core of the false, then you have grasped the core of the false, then you have grasped the core of

governance. governance. governance. governance. BBBBut if the true is not considered ut if the true is not considered ut if the true is not considered ut if the true is not considered

true, and the false not considered false, then true, and the false not considered false, then true, and the false not considered false, then true, and the false not considered false, then

governing will havgoverning will havgoverning will havgoverning will have no core.e no core.e no core.e no core.

18181818


鼓鼓鼓鼓舞舞舞舞萬萬萬萬物物物物者者者者，，，，雷雷雷雷風風風風乎乎乎乎！！！！鼓鼓鼓鼓舞舞舞舞萬民萬民萬民萬民者者者者，，，，號令號令號令號令乎乎乎乎！！！！雷雷雷雷不不不不

一一一一，，，，風風風風不不不不再再再再。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Thunder and wind are what Thunder and wind are what Thunder and wind are what Thunder and wind are what spur the myriad spur the myriad spur the myriad spur the myriad

things to action. things to action. things to action. things to action. OOOOrders and decrees are what rders and decrees are what rders and decrees are what rders and decrees are what

spur the myriad people to action. Thunder does spur the myriad people to action. Thunder does spur the myriad people to action. Thunder does spur the myriad people to action. Thunder does

not sound only once, and wind does not blow in not sound only once, and wind does not blow in not sound only once, and wind does not blow in not sound only once, and wind does not blow in

two directions at the same time.two directions at the same time.two directions at the same time.two directions at the same time.

19191919


聖人聖人聖人聖人樂樂樂樂陶陶陶陶成天下之化成天下之化成天下之化成天下之化，，，，使使使使人有士君子之人有士君子之人有士君子之人有士君子之器器器器者也者也者也者也。。。。故故故故不不不不

遁遁遁遁於於於於世世世世，，，，不離於群不離於群不離於群不離於群。。。。遁遁遁遁離離離離者者者者，，，，是是是是聖人乎聖人乎聖人乎聖人乎？？？？

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: The sage loves to mold and perfect the culture The sage loves to mold and perfect the culture The sage loves to mold and perfect the culture The sage loves to mold and perfect the culture

of the world, endowing people with the talents of the world, endowing people with the talents of the world, endowing people with the talents of the world, endowing people with the talents

of a shi and junzi. Thus, he does not conceal of a shi and junzi. Thus, he does not conceal of a shi and junzi. Thus, he does not conceal of a shi and junzi. Thus, he does not conceal

himself from the world, and he does not himself from the world, and he does not himself from the world, and he does not himself from the world, and he does not

separate himself from the common people. separate himself from the common people. separate himself from the common people. separate himself from the common people. OOOOne ne ne ne

who conceals himself from the world and who conceals himself from the world and who conceals himself from the world and who conceals himself from the world and

separates himself from the common people, is separates himself from the common people, is separates himself from the common people, is separates himself from the common people, is

he really a sagehe really a sagehe really a sagehe really a sage????

20202020


雌雌雌雌之不之不之不之不才才才才，，，，其其其其卵毈卵毈卵毈卵毈矣矣矣矣；；；；君之不君之不君之不君之不才才才才，，，，其其其其民民民民野野野野矣矣矣矣。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: A hen's lack of skill is revealed in the eggs A hen's lack of skill is revealed in the eggs A hen's lack of skill is revealed in the eggs A hen's lack of skill is revealed in the eggs

that do not hatch. A ruler's lack of skill is that do not hatch. A ruler's lack of skill is that do not hatch. A ruler's lack of skill is that do not hatch. A ruler's lack of skill is

revealed in people who are uncultivated.revealed in people who are uncultivated.revealed in people who are uncultivated.revealed in people who are uncultivated.

21212121


或或或或問問問問曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「載載載載使使使使子子子子草律草律草律草律。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾不吾不吾不吾不如如如如弘弘弘弘恭恭恭恭。。。。」」」」

「「「「草草草草奏奏奏奏。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾不吾不吾不吾不如如如如陳陳陳陳湯湯湯湯。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何為何為何為何為？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「必也必也必也必也律律律律不不不不犯犯犯犯，，，，奏奏奏奏不不不不剡剡剡剡。。。。」」」」

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Someone said: Suppose you were made to draft Someone said: Suppose you were made to draft Someone said: Suppose you were made to draft Someone said: Suppose you were made to draft

the laws.the laws.the laws.the laws.

Yangzi said: I am not as Yangzi said: I am not as Yangzi said: I am not as Yangzi said: I am not as good as Hong Gong.good as Hong Gong.good as Hong Gong.good as Hong Gong.

The other said: What about writing memorials The other said: What about writing memorials The other said: What about writing memorials The other said: What about writing memorials

to the emperorto the emperorto the emperorto the emperor????

Yangzi said: I am not as good as Chen Tang.Yangzi said: I am not as good as Chen Tang.Yangzi said: I am not as good as Chen Tang.Yangzi said: I am not as good as Chen Tang.

The other said: The other said: The other said: The other said: BBBBut what would you dout what would you dout what would you dout what would you do????

Yangzi said: What is needed is for the laws Yangzi said: What is needed is for the laws Yangzi said: What is needed is for the laws Yangzi said: What is needed is for the laws

not to be broken and memorials not to be not to be broken and memorials not to be not to be broken and memorials not to be not to be broken and memorials not to be

sharp.sharp.sharp.sharp.

22222222


甄甄甄甄陶陶陶陶天下天下天下天下者者者者，，，，其其其其在和乎在和乎在和乎在和乎？？？？剛剛剛剛則則則則甈甈甈甈，，，，柔柔柔柔則則則則壞壞壞壞。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: For the potter who molds the world, skill lies For the potter who molds the world, skill lies For the potter who molds the world, skill lies For the potter who molds the world, skill lies

in in in in achieving balanced harmony. If you fire achieving balanced harmony. If you fire achieving balanced harmony. If you fire achieving balanced harmony. If you fire

things too hard, they break. If too soft, they things too hard, they break. If too soft, they things too hard, they break. If too soft, they things too hard, they break. If too soft, they

are unfinished.are unfinished.are unfinished.are unfinished.

23232323 先知先知先知先知卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 龍龍龍龍之之之之潛潛潛潛亢亢亢亢，，，，不不不不獲獲獲獲中中中中矣矣矣矣。。。。是是是是以過中則以過中則以過中則以過中則惕惕惕惕，，，，不及中則不及中則不及中則不及中則躍躍躍躍，，，，

其其其其近近近近於中乎於中乎於中乎於中乎！！！！

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: When a dragon is laying low or flying high it When a dragon is laying low or flying high it When a dragon is laying low or flying high it When a dragon is laying low or flying high it

does not grasp the center. Therefore, those does not grasp the center. Therefore, those does not grasp the center. Therefore, those does not grasp the center. Therefore, those

who go beyond the center, but are cautious, who go beyond the center, but are cautious, who go beyond the center, but are cautious, who go beyond the center, but are cautious,

and those who do not reachand those who do not reachand those who do not reachand those who do not reach the center, but the center, but the center, but the center, but

leap, are close to the center.leap, are close to the center.leap, are close to the center.leap, are close to the center.

24242424


聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道，，，，譬譬譬譬猶日猶日猶日猶日之中之中之中之中矣矣矣矣！！！！不及則不及則不及則不及則未未未未，，，，過則過則過則過則昃昃昃昃。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: The sage's dao can be compared to the sun at The sage's dao can be compared to the sun at The sage's dao can be compared to the sun at The sage's dao can be compared to the sun at

high noon. high noon. high noon. high noon. BBBBut if the sun has not reached its ut if the sun has not reached its ut if the sun has not reached its ut if the sun has not reached its

apex, then it is not yet at its brightest. And apex, then it is not yet at its brightest. And apex, then it is not yet at its brightest. And apex, then it is not yet at its brightest. And

if it has gone beyond the apex, then it is if it has gone beyond the apex, then it is if it has gone beyond the apex, then it is if it has gone beyond the apex, then it is

setting.setting.setting.setting.

25252525


什什什什一一一一，，，，天下之中天下之中天下之中天下之中正也正也正也正也。。。。多多多多則則則則桀桀桀桀，，，，寡則寡則寡則寡則貊貊貊貊。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: The oneThe oneThe oneThe one----tenth tax is the correct amount of tax tenth tax is the correct amount of tax tenth tax is the correct amount of tax tenth tax is the correct amount of tax

for for for for all under Heaven. If it is more, then you all under Heaven. If it is more, then you all under Heaven. If it is more, then you all under Heaven. If it is more, then you

will have a tax policy as cruel as that of the will have a tax policy as cruel as that of the will have a tax policy as cruel as that of the will have a tax policy as cruel as that of the

emperor Jie. If it is less, then you will have emperor Jie. If it is less, then you will have emperor Jie. If it is less, then you will have emperor Jie. If it is less, then you will have

a kingdom as backward as the Mo barbarians of a kingdom as backward as the Mo barbarians of a kingdom as backward as the Mo barbarians of a kingdom as backward as the Mo barbarians of

the north.the north.the north.the north.

26262626


井井井井田田田田之之之之田田田田，，，，田田田田也也也也。。。。肉刑肉刑肉刑肉刑之之之之刑刑刑刑，，，，刑刑刑刑也也也也。。。。田田田田也者也者也者也者，，，，與與與與眾眾眾眾田田田田

之之之之。。。。刑刑刑刑也者也者也者也者，，，，與與與與眾眾眾眾棄棄棄棄之之之之。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: Cultivating a wellCultivating a wellCultivating a wellCultivating a well----fieldfieldfieldfield————now thatnow thatnow thatnow that』』』』s s s s

cultivation! Punishing with corporeal cultivation! Punishing with corporeal cultivation! Punishing with corporeal cultivation! Punishing with corporeal

punishmentpunishmentpunishmentpunishment————now that's now that's now that's now that's punishment! Give the punishment! Give the punishment! Give the punishment! Give the

fields to the common people to farm. Give fields to the common people to farm. Give fields to the common people to farm. Give fields to the common people to farm. Give

those who are to be punished to the common those who are to be punished to the common those who are to be punished to the common those who are to be punished to the common

people to castigate.people to castigate.people to castigate.people to castigate.

27272727


法無法無法無法無限限限限，，，，則則則則庶庶庶庶人人人人田田田田侯侯侯侯田田田田，，，，處處處處侯侯侯侯宅宅宅宅，，，，食食食食侯侯侯侯食食食食，，，，服服服服侯侯侯侯服服服服，，，，

人人人人亦亦亦亦多多多多不不不不足矣足矣足矣足矣。。。。

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: If the law had no restrictions, then the If the law had no restrictions, then the If the law had no restrictions, then the If the law had no restrictions, then the

multitudes would farm the noble's fields, live multitudes would farm the noble's fields, live multitudes would farm the noble's fields, live multitudes would farm the noble's fields, live

in the noble's dwelling, eat the noble's food, in the noble's dwelling, eat the noble's food, in the noble's dwelling, eat the noble's food, in the noble's dwelling, eat the noble's food,

and wear the noble's robes. and wear the noble's robes. and wear the noble's robes. and wear the noble's robes. Indeed, there Indeed, there Indeed, there Indeed, there

would not be enough for most people.would not be enough for most people.would not be enough for most people.would not be enough for most people.

28282828


為為為為國不迪國不迪國不迪國不迪其其其其法法法法，，，，而而而而望望望望其其其其效效效效，，，，譬譬譬譬諸諸諸諸算算算算乎乎乎乎？？？？

Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge:Foreknowledge: For a kingdom not to implement its laws and For a kingdom not to implement its laws and For a kingdom not to implement its laws and For a kingdom not to implement its laws and

yet hope to be effectiveyet hope to be effectiveyet hope to be effectiveyet hope to be effective————compare it to compare it to compare it to compare it to

calculating not using rules and hoping for the calculating not using rules and hoping for the calculating not using rules and hoping for the calculating not using rules and hoping for the

right totals.right totals.right totals.right totals.

《《《《重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第十卷第十卷第十卷第十 ---- Zhong and LiZhong and LiZhong and LiZhong and Li》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「南南南南正正正正重重重重司司司司天天天天，，，，北北北北正正正正黎黎黎黎司司司司地地地地，，，，今今今今何何何何僚僚僚僚也也也也？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「近近近近羲羲羲羲近近近近和和和和。。。。」「」「」「」「孰孰孰孰重重重重？？？？孰孰孰孰黎黎黎黎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「羲羲羲羲近近近近

重重重重，，，，和和和和近近近近黎黎黎黎。。。。」」」」

Zhong and Zhong and Zhong and Zhong and

Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Zhong of the Southern Someone asked: Zhong of the Southern Someone asked: Zhong of the Southern Someone asked: Zhong of the Southern RRRRegion was egion was egion was egion was

the officer of the heavens,the officer of the heavens,the officer of the heavens,the officer of the heavens, Li of the Northern Li of the Northern Li of the Northern Li of the Northern

RRRRegion was the officer of the earth. What are egion was the officer of the earth. What are egion was the officer of the earth. What are egion was the officer of the earth. What are

these offices todaythese offices todaythese offices todaythese offices today????

Yangzi said: The offices of Xi and He are Yangzi said: The offices of Xi and He are Yangzi said: The offices of Xi and He are Yangzi said: The offices of Xi and He are

similar.similar.similar.similar.

The other said: Which is similar to Zheng and The other said: Which is similar to Zheng and The other said: Which is similar to Zheng and The other said: Which is similar to Zheng and

which is similar to Liwhich is similar to Liwhich is similar to Liwhich is similar to Li????

Yangzi said: Xi is similar to Zhong and He is Yangzi said: Xi is similar to Zhong and He is Yangzi said: Xi is similar to Zhong and He is Yangzi said: Xi is similar to Zhong and He is

sisisisimilar to Li.milar to Li.milar to Li.milar to Li.

2222


或或或或問問問問「「「「黃黃黃黃帝帝帝帝終終終終始始始始」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「托托托托也也也也。。。。昔昔昔昔者者者者姒姒姒姒氏治水氏治水氏治水氏治水土土土土，，，，

而而而而巫步巫步巫步巫步多多多多禹禹禹禹；；；；扁鵲扁鵲扁鵲扁鵲，，，，盧盧盧盧人人人人也也也也，，，，而而而而醫醫醫醫多多多多盧盧盧盧。。。。夫欲夫欲夫欲夫欲讎偽讎偽讎偽讎偽者者者者

必必必必假真假真假真假真。。。。禹禹禹禹乎乎乎乎？？？？盧盧盧盧乎乎乎乎？？？？終終終終始始始始乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about the Cycle of the Yellow Someone asked about the Cycle of the Yellow Someone asked about the Cycle of the Yellow Someone asked about the Cycle of the Yellow

Emperor.Emperor.Emperor.Emperor.

Yangzi said: It falsely borrows his name. In Yangzi said: It falsely borrows his name. In Yangzi said: It falsely borrows his name. In Yangzi said: It falsely borrows his name. In

the past, Yu controlled the waters flooding the the past, Yu controlled the waters flooding the the past, Yu controlled the waters flooding the the past, Yu controlled the waters flooding the

land, and now shamans dance the many Steps of land, and now shamans dance the many Steps of land, and now shamans dance the many Steps of land, and now shamans dance the many Steps of

Yu. Yu. Yu. Yu. BBBBian Qiao was a man of Lu, and now many ian Qiao was a man of Lu, and now many ian Qiao was a man of Lu, and now many ian Qiao was a man of Lu, and now many

healers are calhealers are calhealers are calhealers are called Men of Lu. Those who want to led Men of Lu. Those who want to led Men of Lu. Those who want to led Men of Lu. Those who want to

sell what is fake inevitably borrow from the sell what is fake inevitably borrow from the sell what is fake inevitably borrow from the sell what is fake inevitably borrow from the

genuine. The Steps of Yugenuine. The Steps of Yugenuine. The Steps of Yugenuine. The Steps of Yu???? Men of Lu Men of Lu Men of Lu Men of Lu???? The Cycle The Cycle The Cycle The Cycle

of Huangdiof Huangdiof Huangdiof Huangdi???? Please! Please! Please! Please!

3333


或或或或問問問問「「「「渾渾渾渾天天天天」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「落落落落下下下下閎閎閎閎營營營營之之之之，，，，鮮鮮鮮鮮於於於於妄妄妄妄人人人人度度度度之之之之，，，，

耿耿耿耿中中中中丞象丞象丞象丞象之之之之，，，，幾幾幾幾乎乎乎乎！！！！幾幾幾幾乎乎乎乎！！！！莫之莫之莫之莫之能能能能違違違違也也也也。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about the huntian Someone asked about the huntian Someone asked about the huntian Someone asked about the huntian theory.theory.theory.theory.

Yangzi said: Luoxia Hong devised it, Xianyu Yangzi said: Luoxia Hong devised it, Xianyu Yangzi said: Luoxia Hong devised it, Xianyu Yangzi said: Luoxia Hong devised it, Xianyu

Wangren calculated it, and Geng Zhongcheng Wangren calculated it, and Geng Zhongcheng Wangren calculated it, and Geng Zhongcheng Wangren calculated it, and Geng Zhongcheng

created the armillary sphere. So subtle, so created the armillary sphere. So subtle, so created the armillary sphere. So subtle, so created the armillary sphere. So subtle, so

subtle! No one can contradict it!subtle! No one can contradict it!subtle! No one can contradict it!subtle! No one can contradict it!

「「「「請請請請問問問問『『『『蓋蓋蓋蓋天天天天』』』』。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「蓋蓋蓋蓋哉哉哉哉！！！！蓋蓋蓋蓋哉哉哉哉！！！！應難應難應難應難未未未未幾幾幾幾

也也也也。。。。」」」」

May I ask about gaitian theoryMay I ask about gaitian theoryMay I ask about gaitian theoryMay I ask about gaitian theory????

Yangzi said: The gaitian theory! The gaitian Yangzi said: The gaitian theory! The gaitian Yangzi said: The gaitian theory! The gaitian Yangzi said: The gaitian theory! The gaitian

theory! For answering difficult theory! For answering difficult theory! For answering difficult theory! For answering difficult questions it is questions it is questions it is questions it is

not as subtle.not as subtle.not as subtle.not as subtle.

4444


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「趙趙趙趙世世世世多多多多神神神神，，，，何也何也何也何也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「神神神神怪茫茫怪茫茫怪茫茫怪茫茫，，，，若若若若存存存存

若若若若亡亡亡亡，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人曼曼曼曼雲雲雲雲。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Why were the rulers of Qin so Someone asked: Why were the rulers of Qin so Someone asked: Why were the rulers of Qin so Someone asked: Why were the rulers of Qin so

preoccupied with spiritspreoccupied with spiritspreoccupied with spiritspreoccupied with spirits????

Yangzi said: Spirits are strange and Yangzi said: Spirits are strange and Yangzi said: Spirits are strange and Yangzi said: Spirits are strange and

unintelligible, now seeming to be here, unintelligible, now seeming to be here, unintelligible, now seeming to be here, unintelligible, now seeming to be here, now now now now

not. The sage does not speak about them.not. The sage does not speak about them.not. The sage does not speak about them.not. The sage does not speak about them.

5555


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「子子子子胥胥胥胥、、、、種種種種、、、、蠡蠡蠡蠡孰賢孰賢孰賢孰賢？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「胥胥胥胥也也也也，，，，俾吳俾吳俾吳俾吳作作作作

亂亂亂亂，，，，破破破破楚楚楚楚入入入入郢郢郢郢，，，，鞭鞭鞭鞭屍屍屍屍，，，，藉館藉館藉館藉館，，，，皆皆皆皆不不不不由由由由德德德德。。。。謀謀謀謀越諫越諫越諫越諫齊不齊不齊不齊不

式式式式，，，，不不不不能能能能去去去去，，，，卒卒卒卒眼眼眼眼之之之之。。。。種種種種、、、、蠡蠡蠡蠡不不不不強強強強諫諫諫諫而山而山而山而山棲棲棲棲，，，，俾俾俾俾其其其其君君君君

詘詘詘詘社稷社稷社稷社稷之靈之靈之靈之靈而而而而童童童童僕僕僕僕，，，，又又又又終終終終斃斃斃斃吳吳吳吳，，，，賢賢賢賢皆皆皆皆不不不不足足足足邵邵邵邵也也也也，，，，至至至至蠡蠡蠡蠡

策策策策種種種種而而而而遁遁遁遁，，，，肥肥肥肥矣哉矣哉矣哉矣哉！」！」！」！」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Among Wu Zixu, Wen Zhong and Fan Someone asked: Among Wu Zixu, Wen Zhong and Fan Someone asked: Among Wu Zixu, Wen Zhong and Fan Someone asked: Among Wu Zixu, Wen Zhong and Fan

Li, who was worthyLi, who was worthyLi, who was worthyLi, who was worthy????

Yangzi said: Zi Xu helped the state of Wu make Yangzi said: Zi Xu helped the state of Wu make Yangzi said: Zi Xu helped the state of Wu make Yangzi said: Zi Xu helped the state of Wu make

trouble, destroyed the state of Chu, entered trouble, destroyed the state of Chu, entered trouble, destroyed the state of Chu, entered trouble, destroyed the state of Chu, entered

the capital at Ying, whipped the corpse of the capital at Ying, whipped the corpse of the capital at Ying, whipped the corpse of the capital at Ying, whipped the corpse of KKKKing ing ing ing

Ping and expelled the government officials Ping and expelled the government officials Ping and expelled the government officials Ping and expelled the government officials ————

none of this was virtuous (de). He plotted none of this was virtuous (de). He plotted none of this was virtuous (de). He plotted none of this was virtuous (de). He plotted

against the state of Yue and against the state of Yue and against the state of Yue and against the state of Yue and remonstrated remonstrated remonstrated remonstrated

against attacking Qi to no good use. against attacking Qi to no good use. against attacking Qi to no good use. against attacking Qi to no good use. UUUUnable to nable to nable to nable to

leave, he finally saw the destruction of Wu leave, he finally saw the destruction of Wu leave, he finally saw the destruction of Wu leave, he finally saw the destruction of Wu

with his own eyes. Wen Zhong and Fan Li did not with his own eyes. Wen Zhong and Fan Li did not with his own eyes. Wen Zhong and Fan Li did not with his own eyes. Wen Zhong and Fan Li did not

strongly remonstrate against strongly remonstrate against strongly remonstrate against strongly remonstrate against KKKKing Gou Jian of ing Gou Jian of ing Gou Jian of ing Gou Jian of

YueYueYueYue』』』』s plan to attack the state of Wu, and he s plan to attack the state of Wu, and he s plan to attack the state of Wu, and he s plan to attack the state of Wu, and he

was held by was held by was held by was held by KKKKing Fuchai of Wu for three years ing Fuchai of Wu for three years ing Fuchai of Wu for three years ing Fuchai of Wu for three years

on Mount on Mount on Mount on Mount KKKKuaiji. They caused their ruler to uaiji. They caused their ruler to uaiji. They caused their ruler to uaiji. They caused their ruler to

yield the altars of the spirits of earth and yield the altars of the spirits of earth and yield the altars of the spirits of earth and yield the altars of the spirits of earth and

become a servant boy to become a servant boy to become a servant boy to become a servant boy to KKKKing Fuchai. In the ing Fuchai. In the ing Fuchai. In the ing Fuchai. In the

end, they destroyed Wu, but none of them were end, they destroyed Wu, but none of them were end, they destroyed Wu, but none of them were end, they destroyed Wu, but none of them were

good enough to be considered worthy. In the good enough to be considered worthy. In the good enough to be considered worthy. In the good enough to be considered worthy. In the end end end end

Fan Li sent Wen Zhong a letter warning him to Fan Li sent Wen Zhong a letter warning him to Fan Li sent Wen Zhong a letter warning him to Fan Li sent Wen Zhong a letter warning him to

flee and then escaped to go fatten himself!flee and then escaped to go fatten himself!flee and then escaped to go fatten himself!flee and then escaped to go fatten himself!

6666


或或或或問問問問「「「「陳陳陳陳勝勝勝勝、、、、吳吳吳吳廣廣廣廣」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亂亂亂亂。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不若是若是若是若是則則則則

秦秦秦秦不不不不亡亡亡亡。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亡亡亡亡秦秦秦秦乎乎乎乎？？？？恐恐恐恐秦秦秦秦未未未未亡亡亡亡而而而而先先先先亡亡亡亡矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.Someone asked about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.Someone asked about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.Someone asked about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.

Yangzi said: They were rebels.Yangzi said: They were rebels.Yangzi said: They were rebels.Yangzi said: They were rebels.

The The The The other said: other said: other said: other said: BBBBut if not for them, the Qin ut if not for them, the Qin ut if not for them, the Qin ut if not for them, the Qin

would not have been destroyed.would not have been destroyed.would not have been destroyed.would not have been destroyed.

Yangzi said: Did they really destroy the QinYangzi said: Did they really destroy the QinYangzi said: Did they really destroy the QinYangzi said: Did they really destroy the Qin????

IIII』』』』m afraid that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were m afraid that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were m afraid that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were m afraid that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were

destroyed before the Qin.destroyed before the Qin.destroyed before the Qin.destroyed before the Qin.

7777

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「六六六六國國國國並並並並，，，，其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣其已久矣。。。。一一一一病病病病一一一一瘳瘳瘳瘳，，，，迄迄迄迄始始始始皇皇皇皇三三三三載載載載

而而而而咸咸咸咸，，，，時時時時激激激激、、、、地保地保地保地保、、、、人事乎人事乎人事乎人事乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「具具具具。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問

事事事事。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「孝孝孝孝公公公公以下以下以下以下，，，，強強強強兵兵兵兵力力力力農農農農，，，，以以以以蠶蠶蠶蠶食食食食六六六六國國國國，，，，事事事事

也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「保保保保。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「東東東東溝溝溝溝大大大大河河河河，，，，南南南南阻阻阻阻高山高山高山高山，，，，西西西西采采采采

雍雍雍雍、、、、梁梁梁梁，，，，北鹵涇垠北鹵涇垠北鹵涇垠北鹵涇垠，，，，便便便便則則則則申申申申，，，，否否否否則則則則蟠蟠蟠蟠，，，，保保保保也也也也。。。。」」」」

「「「「激激激激。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「始始始始皇皇皇皇方方方方斧斧斧斧，，，，將相方將相方將相方將相方刀刀刀刀，，，，六六六六國方國方國方國方木木木木，，，，將將將將

相方相方相方相方肉肉肉肉，，，，激激激激也也也也。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone said: The six kingdoms stood together Someone said: The six kingdoms stood together Someone said: The six kingdoms stood together Someone said: The six kingdoms stood together

for a long time, one now weak, the other now for a long time, one now weak, the other now for a long time, one now weak, the other now for a long time, one now weak, the other now

strong. Qin Shi Huangdi appeared and they were strong. Qin Shi Huangdi appeared and they were strong. Qin Shi Huangdi appeared and they were strong. Qin Shi Huangdi appeared and they were

allallallall[[[[unified within three years. Was this unified within three years. Was this unified within three years. Was this unified within three years. Was this

because of fortunate timing, the natural because of fortunate timing, the natural because of fortunate timing, the natural because of fortunate timing, the natural

defensibility of the land, or mandefensibility of the land, or mandefensibility of the land, or mandefensibility of the land, or man』』』』s doings doings doings doing????

Yangzi said: All of them.Yangzi said: All of them.Yangzi said: All of them.Yangzi said: All of them.

May I ask about manMay I ask about manMay I ask about manMay I ask about man』』』』s doings doings doings doing????

Yangzi said: From the time of Duke Xiao on Yangzi said: From the time of Duke Xiao on Yangzi said: From the time of Duke Xiao on Yangzi said: From the time of Duke Xiao on

down, Qin strengthened its armies anddown, Qin strengthened its armies anddown, Qin strengthened its armies anddown, Qin strengthened its armies and empowered empowered empowered empowered

its farmersits farmersits farmersits farmers————they were like silkworms eating they were like silkworms eating they were like silkworms eating they were like silkworms eating

away at the six kingdoms. This was manaway at the six kingdoms. This was manaway at the six kingdoms. This was manaway at the six kingdoms. This was man』』』』s s s s

doing.doing.doing.doing.

The other said: May I ask about the natural The other said: May I ask about the natural The other said: May I ask about the natural The other said: May I ask about the natural

defensibility of the landdefensibility of the landdefensibility of the landdefensibility of the land????

Yangzi said: To the east, the Yellow Yangzi said: To the east, the Yellow Yangzi said: To the east, the Yellow Yangzi said: To the east, the Yellow RRRRiver iver iver iver

served as a moatserved as a moatserved as a moatserved as a moat;;;; to the south, it was to the south, it was to the south, it was to the south, it was

obstructed by high mountainsobstructed by high mountainsobstructed by high mountainsobstructed by high mountains;;;; to the west they to the west they to the west they to the west they

took Yong and Liang, and to the north, it was took Yong and Liang, and to the north, it was took Yong and Liang, and to the north, it was took Yong and Liang, and to the north, it was

bordered by the Jing bordered by the Jing bordered by the Jing bordered by the Jing RRRRiver. When it was iver. When it was iver. When it was iver. When it was

advantageous, Qin expanded its territory. When advantageous, Qin expanded its territory. When advantageous, Qin expanded its territory. When advantageous, Qin expanded its territory. When

it was not, it just coiled up. This was the it was not, it just coiled up. This was the it was not, it just coiled up. This was the it was not, it just coiled up. This was the

natural defensibility of the lannatural defensibility of the lannatural defensibility of the lannatural defensibility of the land.d.d.d.

The other said: How was it due to fortunate The other said: How was it due to fortunate The other said: How was it due to fortunate The other said: How was it due to fortunate

timingtimingtimingtiming????

Yangzi said: At that time Qin Shi Huangdi was Yangzi said: At that time Qin Shi Huangdi was Yangzi said: At that time Qin Shi Huangdi was Yangzi said: At that time Qin Shi Huangdi was

like an axe and his generals were like knives. like an axe and his generals were like knives. like an axe and his generals were like knives. like an axe and his generals were like knives.

The six kingdoms were like wood, and their The six kingdoms were like wood, and their The six kingdoms were like wood, and their The six kingdoms were like wood, and their

generals were like meat. This was fortunate generals were like meat. This was fortunate generals were like meat. This was fortunate generals were like meat. This was fortunate

timing.timing.timing.timing.

8888

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... ... ... ... :::: 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「秦秦秦秦伯伯伯伯列列列列為為為為侯侯侯侯衛衛衛衛，，，，卒卒卒卒吞吞吞吞天下天下天下天下，，，，而而而而赧赧赧赧曾曾曾曾無以無以無以無以制制制制

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「天子天子天子天子制制制制公公公公侯侯侯侯伯伯伯伯子子子子男男男男也也也也，，，，庸庸庸庸節節節節。。。。節節節節莫差於莫差於莫差於莫差於

僣僣僣僣，，，，僣僣僣僣莫重於莫重於莫重於莫重於祭祭祭祭，，，，祭祭祭祭莫重於地莫重於地莫重於地莫重於地，，，，地莫重於天地莫重於天地莫重於天地莫重於天，，，，則則則則襄襄襄襄、、、、

文文文文、、、、宣宣宣宣、、、、靈靈靈靈其其其其兆兆兆兆也也也也。。。。昔昔昔昔者者者者，，，，襄襄襄襄公公公公始始始始僣僣僣僣，，，，西西西西畤畤畤畤以以以以祭祭祭祭白白白白

帝帝帝帝；；；；文文文文、、、、宣宣宣宣、、、、靈靈靈靈宗宗宗宗，，，，興鄜興鄜興鄜興鄜、、、、密密密密、、、、上上上上、、、、下下下下，，，，用用用用事四事四事四事四帝帝帝帝，，，，

而而而而天王不天王不天王不天王不匡匡匡匡，，，，反致反致反致反致文文文文、、、、武武武武胙胙胙胙。。。。是是是是以四疆之以四疆之以四疆之以四疆之內內內內各各各各以以以以其其其其力力力力

來來來來侵侵侵侵，，，，攘肌攘肌攘肌攘肌及及及及骨骨骨骨，，，，而而而而赧赧赧赧獨獨獨獨何何何何以以以以制秦制秦制秦制秦乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

The descendants of The descendants of The descendants of The descendants of BBBBo Yi of the Qin were the o Yi of the Qin were the o Yi of the Qin were the o Yi of the Qin were the

protectors of the feudal lords, but protectors of the feudal lords, but protectors of the feudal lords, but protectors of the feudal lords, but suddenly suddenly suddenly suddenly

they swallowed up all under Heaven. Why did they swallowed up all under Heaven. Why did they swallowed up all under Heaven. Why did they swallowed up all under Heaven. Why did

KKKKing Nan of Zhou to restrict their expansion.ing Nan of Zhou to restrict their expansion.ing Nan of Zhou to restrict their expansion.ing Nan of Zhou to restrict their expansion.

Yangzi replied: The Son of Heaven restricts Yangzi replied: The Son of Heaven restricts Yangzi replied: The Son of Heaven restricts Yangzi replied: The Son of Heaven restricts

dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts and barons dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts and barons dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts and barons dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts and barons

using rules of ceremony. In the rules of using rules of ceremony. In the rules of using rules of ceremony. In the rules of using rules of ceremony. In the rules of

ceremony there is no fault ceremony there is no fault ceremony there is no fault ceremony there is no fault greater than greater than greater than greater than

usurpation. In usurpation, no fault is greater usurpation. In usurpation, no fault is greater usurpation. In usurpation, no fault is greater usurpation. In usurpation, no fault is greater

those than in making sacrificial offerings. In those than in making sacrificial offerings. In those than in making sacrificial offerings. In those than in making sacrificial offerings. In

making offerings, there is nothing more making offerings, there is nothing more making offerings, there is nothing more making offerings, there is nothing more

important than the place of the ceremony, and important than the place of the ceremony, and important than the place of the ceremony, and important than the place of the ceremony, and

in the place of the ceremony, nothing is more in the place of the ceremony, nothing is more in the place of the ceremony, nothing is more in the place of the ceremony, nothing is more

important than chimportant than chimportant than chimportant than choosing a place to sacrifice to oosing a place to sacrifice to oosing a place to sacrifice to oosing a place to sacrifice to

Tian. This being so, Duke Xiang, Duke Wen, Duke Tian. This being so, Duke Xiang, Duke Wen, Duke Tian. This being so, Duke Xiang, Duke Wen, Duke Tian. This being so, Duke Xiang, Duke Wen, Duke

Xuan and Duke Ling built their temples. In the Xuan and Duke Ling built their temples. In the Xuan and Duke Ling built their temples. In the Xuan and Duke Ling built their temples. In the

past, Duke Xiang usurped the Western Alter and past, Duke Xiang usurped the Western Alter and past, Duke Xiang usurped the Western Alter and past, Duke Xiang usurped the Western Alter and

made offerings to the White Emperor. Dukes Wen, made offerings to the White Emperor. Dukes Wen, made offerings to the White Emperor. Dukes Wen, made offerings to the White Emperor. Dukes Wen,

Xuan and Ling built temples at Fu, Xuan and Ling built temples at Fu, Xuan and Ling built temples at Fu, Xuan and Ling built temples at Fu, Mi, Shang Mi, Shang Mi, Shang Mi, Shang

and Xia to sacrifice to the Four Deities. The and Xia to sacrifice to the Four Deities. The and Xia to sacrifice to the Four Deities. The and Xia to sacrifice to the Four Deities. The

Son of Heaven did not rectify this, and to the Son of Heaven did not rectify this, and to the Son of Heaven did not rectify this, and to the Son of Heaven did not rectify this, and to the

contrary, wrongly made offerings to contrary, wrongly made offerings to contrary, wrongly made offerings to contrary, wrongly made offerings to KKKKing Wen ing Wen ing Wen ing Wen

and and and and KKKKing Wu. As a result, all within the four ing Wu. As a result, all within the four ing Wu. As a result, all within the four ing Wu. As a result, all within the four

boundaries used their power to encroach upon boundaries used their power to encroach upon boundaries used their power to encroach upon boundaries used their power to encroach upon

each other, tearieach other, tearieach other, tearieach other, tearing apart flesh and bone. How ng apart flesh and bone. How ng apart flesh and bone. How ng apart flesh and bone. How

could could could could KKKKing Nan alone control the Qining Nan alone control the Qining Nan alone control the Qining Nan alone control the Qin????

9999

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「贏贏贏贏政政政政二二二二十十十十六載六載六載六載，，，，天下天下天下天下擅擅擅擅秦秦秦秦。。。。秦秦秦秦十十十十五五五五載載載載而而而而楚楚楚楚，，，，

楚楚楚楚五五五五載載載載而而而而漢漢漢漢。。。。五五五五十十十十載載載載之之之之際際際際，，，，而而而而天下天下天下天下三三三三擅擅擅擅，，，，天天天天邪邪邪邪？？？？人人人人

邪邪邪邪？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「具具具具。。。。周周周周建建建建子子子子弟弟弟弟，，，，列列列列名名名名城城城城，，，，班班班班五五五五爵爵爵爵，，，，流流流流之之之之

十十十十二二二二，，，，當當當當時時時時雖欲雖欲雖欲雖欲漢漢漢漢，，，，得得得得乎乎乎乎？？？？六六六六國國國國蚩蚩蚩蚩蚩蚩蚩蚩，，，，為為為為嬴弱嬴弱嬴弱嬴弱姬姬姬姬，，，，卒卒卒卒

之之之之屏屏屏屏營營營營。。。。嬴擅嬴擅嬴擅嬴擅其其其其政政政政，，，，故故故故天下天下天下天下擅擅擅擅秦秦秦秦。。。。秦秦秦秦失失失失其其其其猷猷猷猷，，，，罷侯罷侯罷侯罷侯置置置置

守守守守，，，，守守守守失失失失其其其其微微微微，，，，天下天下天下天下孤睽孤睽孤睽孤睽。。。。項項項項氏氏氏氏暴暴暴暴強強強強，，，，改改改改宰宰宰宰侯侯侯侯王王王王，，，，故故故故

天下天下天下天下擅擅擅擅楚楚楚楚。。。。擅擅擅擅楚楚楚楚之之之之月月月月，，，，有漢有漢有漢有漢創創創創業山業山業山業山南南南南，，，，發發發發跡跡跡跡三三三三秦秦秦秦，，，，迫迫迫迫

項項項項山山山山東東東東，，，，故故故故天下天下天下天下擅擅擅擅漢漢漢漢：：：：天天天天也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「人人人人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「兼兼兼兼才才才才

尚尚尚尚權權權權，，，，右右右右計計計計左左左左數數數數，，，，動動動動謹謹謹謹於於於於時時時時，，，，人人人人也也也也。。。。」」」」天不人不天不人不天不人不天不人不因因因因，，，，

人不天不成人不天不成人不天不成人不天不成。。。。


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: In twentySomeone asked: In twentySomeone asked: In twentySomeone asked: In twenty----six years of rule, Qin six years of rule, Qin six years of rule, Qin six years of rule, Qin

Shi Huang had seized all under Heaven. Fifteen Shi Huang had seized all under Heaven. Fifteen Shi Huang had seized all under Heaven. Fifteen Shi Huang had seized all under Heaven. Fifteen

years later Chu seized it, and only five years years later Chu seized it, and only five years years later Chu seized it, and only five years years later Chu seized it, and only five years

after that Han controlled it.after that Han controlled it.after that Han controlled it.after that Han controlled it. In a fiftyIn a fiftyIn a fiftyIn a fifty----year year year year

period, the empire had changed hands three period, the empire had changed hands three period, the empire had changed hands three period, the empire had changed hands three

times. Was this due to Tian or mantimes. Was this due to Tian or mantimes. Was this due to Tian or mantimes. Was this due to Tian or man????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBoth. The Zhou installed their oth. The Zhou installed their oth. The Zhou installed their oth. The Zhou installed their

sons and brothers, divided up the titles and sons and brothers, divided up the titles and sons and brothers, divided up the titles and sons and brothers, divided up the titles and

fiefdoms, ordered the five ranks, and fiefdoms, ordered the five ranks, and fiefdoms, ordered the five ranks, and fiefdoms, ordered the five ranks, and

established the twelve kingdoms. established the twelve kingdoms. established the twelve kingdoms. established the twelve kingdoms. Even at that Even at that Even at that Even at that

time, there were some like the Han that desired time, there were some like the Han that desired time, there were some like the Han that desired time, there were some like the Han that desired

to control the empire, but what could they do to control the empire, but what could they do to control the empire, but what could they do to control the empire, but what could they do

about itabout itabout itabout it???? Then six kingdoms became foolish and Then six kingdoms became foolish and Then six kingdoms became foolish and Then six kingdoms became foolish and

disordered, helping Qin Shi Huang to weaken the disordered, helping Qin Shi Huang to weaken the disordered, helping Qin Shi Huang to weaken the disordered, helping Qin Shi Huang to weaken the

Zhou, and finally to brush aside their armies Zhou, and finally to brush aside their armies Zhou, and finally to brush aside their armies Zhou, and finally to brush aside their armies

and seizand seizand seizand seize control of their kingdoms. Thus, the e control of their kingdoms. Thus, the e control of their kingdoms. Thus, the e control of their kingdoms. Thus, the

empire was seized by the Qin. They ended the empire was seized by the Qin. They ended the empire was seized by the Qin. They ended the empire was seized by the Qin. They ended the

Zhou system of feudal appointments and the Zhou system of feudal appointments and the Zhou system of feudal appointments and the Zhou system of feudal appointments and the

establishment of prefectures, and the prefects establishment of prefectures, and the prefects establishment of prefectures, and the prefects establishment of prefectures, and the prefects

lost their control, leaving the world orphaned lost their control, leaving the world orphaned lost their control, leaving the world orphaned lost their control, leaving the world orphaned

and separated. Xiang Yu rebelled anand separated. Xiang Yu rebelled anand separated. Xiang Yu rebelled anand separated. Xiang Yu rebelled and replaced d replaced d replaced d replaced

the ministers and princes, and thus empire was the ministers and princes, and thus empire was the ministers and princes, and thus empire was the ministers and princes, and thus empire was

taken over by Chu. In the month Chu seized taken over by Chu. In the month Chu seized taken over by Chu. In the month Chu seized taken over by Chu. In the month Chu seized

control and divided the empire into eighteen control and divided the empire into eighteen control and divided the empire into eighteen control and divided the empire into eighteen

kingdoms, Liu kingdoms, Liu kingdoms, Liu kingdoms, Liu BBBBang of Han was established in ang of Han was established in ang of Han was established in ang of Han was established in

the southern mountains. He set out searching the southern mountains. He set out searching the southern mountains. He set out searching the southern mountains. He set out searching

throughout the threethroughout the threethroughout the threethroughout the three kingdoms at the heart of kingdoms at the heart of kingdoms at the heart of kingdoms at the heart of

the former Qin, and pursued Xiang Yu to the former Qin, and pursued Xiang Yu to the former Qin, and pursued Xiang Yu to the former Qin, and pursued Xiang Yu to

Shandong, and thus the empire was taken by the Shandong, and thus the empire was taken by the Shandong, and thus the empire was taken by the Shandong, and thus the empire was taken by the

Han. This was due to Tian.Han. This was due to Tian.Han. This was due to Tian.Han. This was due to Tian.

The other said: What about manThe other said: What about manThe other said: What about manThe other said: What about man????

Yangzi said: Collecting together men of talent Yangzi said: Collecting together men of talent Yangzi said: Collecting together men of talent Yangzi said: Collecting together men of talent

and respecting their knowledge, plannand respecting their knowledge, plannand respecting their knowledge, plannand respecting their knowledge, planning and ing and ing and ing and

calculating meticulously, and carefully acting calculating meticulously, and carefully acting calculating meticulously, and carefully acting calculating meticulously, and carefully acting

at just the right momentat just the right momentat just the right momentat just the right moment————this is due to man. this is due to man. this is due to man. this is due to man.

Without man, Tian has nothing to rely on. Without man, Tian has nothing to rely on. Without man, Tian has nothing to rely on. Without man, Tian has nothing to rely on.

Without Tian, man cannot succeed.Without Tian, man cannot succeed.Without Tian, man cannot succeed.Without Tian, man cannot succeed.

10101010

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「楚敗楚敗楚敗楚敗垓垓垓垓下下下下，，，，方方方方死死死死，，，，曰曰曰曰：：：：『『『『天天天天也也也也。。。。』』』』諒諒諒諒乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「漢漢漢漢屈屈屈屈群群群群策策策策，，，，群群群群策策策策屈屈屈屈群群群群力力力力。。。。楚楚楚楚憞憞憞憞群群群群策而策而策而策而自屈自屈自屈自屈其其其其

力力力力。。。。屈屈屈屈人人人人者者者者克克克克，，，，自屈自屈自屈自屈者者者者負負負負。。。。天天天天曷曷曷曷故焉故焉故焉故焉。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: When Xiang Yu was defeated at Someone asked: When Xiang Yu was defeated at Someone asked: When Xiang Yu was defeated at Someone asked: When Xiang Yu was defeated at

Gaixia and close to death, he said, Gaixia and close to death, he said, Gaixia and close to death, he said, Gaixia and close to death, he said, 「「「「It It It It is the is the is the is the

will of Tian.will of Tian.will of Tian.will of Tian.」」」」 Is this soIs this soIs this soIs this so????

Yangzi said: Han Gaozu fully used the Yangzi said: Han Gaozu fully used the Yangzi said: Han Gaozu fully used the Yangzi said: Han Gaozu fully used the

strategies of others, because the strategies of strategies of others, because the strategies of strategies of others, because the strategies of strategies of others, because the strategies of

others fully used their strengths. Xiang Yu others fully used their strengths. Xiang Yu others fully used their strengths. Xiang Yu others fully used their strengths. Xiang Yu

resented using the strategies of others, and resented using the strategies of others, and resented using the strategies of others, and resented using the strategies of others, and

exhausted only his own strength. Those who makeexhausted only his own strength. Those who makeexhausted only his own strength. Those who makeexhausted only his own strength. Those who make

full use of others are victorious, while those full use of others are victorious, while those full use of others are victorious, while those full use of others are victorious, while those

who use only their own strengths are defeated. who use only their own strengths are defeated. who use only their own strengths are defeated. who use only their own strengths are defeated.

What does Tian have to do with itWhat does Tian have to do with itWhat does Tian have to do with itWhat does Tian have to do with it????

11111111

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「秦秦秦秦、、、、楚楚楚楚既既既既為為為為天天天天典典典典命命命命矣矣矣矣，，，，秦秦秦秦縊灞縊灞縊灞縊灞上上上上，，，，楚楚楚楚分分分分江江江江

西西西西，，，，興興興興廢廢廢廢何速何速何速何速乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「天天天天胙胙胙胙光光光光德德德德而而而而隕隕隕隕明明明明忒忒忒忒。。。。昔在昔在昔在昔在

有有有有熊熊熊熊、、、、高高高高陽陽陽陽、、、、高高高高辛辛辛辛、、、、唐唐唐唐、、、、虞虞虞虞、、、、三三三三代代代代，，，，咸有咸有咸有咸有顯顯顯顯懿懿懿懿，，，，故故故故天天天天

胙胙胙胙之之之之，，，，為為為為神明神明神明神明主主主主，，，，且且且且著著著著在天在天在天在天庭庭庭庭，，，，是是是是生民之生民之生民之生民之願願願願也也也也，，，，厥厥厥厥饗饗饗饗

國國國國久久久久長長長長。。。。若若若若秦秦秦秦、、、、楚楚楚楚強強強強鬩鬩鬩鬩震震震震撲撲撲撲，，，，胎胎胎胎藉藉藉藉三三三三正正正正，，，，播播播播其其其其虐虐虐虐於黎於黎於黎於黎

苗苗苗苗，，，，子子子子弟弟弟弟且欲且欲且欲且欲喪喪喪喪之之之之，，，，況況況況於民乎於民乎於民乎於民乎？？？？況況況況於於於於鬼鬼鬼鬼神乎神乎神乎神乎？？？？廢廢廢廢未速未速未速未速

也也也也！」！」！」！」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Qin Shi Huang and Xiang Yu both Someone asked: Qin Shi Huang and Xiang Yu both Someone asked: Qin Shi Huang and Xiang Yu both Someone asked: Qin Shi Huang and Xiang Yu both

received Tianreceived Tianreceived Tianreceived Tian』』』』s mandate to rule, but Qin Shi s mandate to rule, but Qin Shi s mandate to rule, but Qin Shi s mandate to rule, but Qin Shi

Huang was strangled on the Huang was strangled on the Huang was strangled on the Huang was strangled on the BBBBa a a a RRRRiver, and iver, and iver, and iver, and

Xiangyu was cut into pieces at Hong Xi. Why Xiangyu was cut into pieces at Hong Xi. Why Xiangyu was cut into pieces at Hong Xi. Why Xiangyu was cut into pieces at Hong Xi. Why

were they cast aside so quiwere they cast aside so quiwere they cast aside so quiwere they cast aside so quicklycklycklyckly????

Yangzi said: Tian honors glorious de and Yangzi said: Tian honors glorious de and Yangzi said: Tian honors glorious de and Yangzi said: Tian honors glorious de and

overthrows excessive corruption. In the past overthrows excessive corruption. In the past overthrows excessive corruption. In the past overthrows excessive corruption. In the past

the Yellow Emperor, Gao Yang, Gao Xin, Tang, the Yellow Emperor, Gao Yang, Gao Xin, Tang, the Yellow Emperor, Gao Yang, Gao Xin, Tang, the Yellow Emperor, Gao Yang, Gao Xin, Tang,

Shun and the Three Dynasties all clearly Shun and the Three Dynasties all clearly Shun and the Three Dynasties all clearly Shun and the Three Dynasties all clearly

manifested de. Thus Tian honored them, used manifested de. Thus Tian honored them, used manifested de. Thus Tian honored them, used manifested de. Thus Tian honored them, used

them to unite Heaven and Earth, anthem to unite Heaven and Earth, anthem to unite Heaven and Earth, anthem to unite Heaven and Earth, and placed them d placed them d placed them d placed them

in the Imperial Hall. This is what the people in the Imperial Hall. This is what the people in the Imperial Hall. This is what the people in the Imperial Hall. This is what the people

desired, and long did their kingdoms flourish. desired, and long did their kingdoms flourish. desired, and long did their kingdoms flourish. desired, and long did their kingdoms flourish.

Xiang Yu and the Qin Shi Huang, on the other Xiang Yu and the Qin Shi Huang, on the other Xiang Yu and the Qin Shi Huang, on the other Xiang Yu and the Qin Shi Huang, on the other

hand, ruled by force, feuded quarrelsomely, hand, ruled by force, feuded quarrelsomely, hand, ruled by force, feuded quarrelsomely, hand, ruled by force, feuded quarrelsomely,

terrorized, and attacked each other. They terrorized, and attacked each other. They terrorized, and attacked each other. They terrorized, and attacked each other. They

coldly rejected thcoldly rejected thcoldly rejected thcoldly rejected the three proper daos of e three proper daos of e three proper daos of e three proper daos of

Heaven, Earth and Man and their reputation for Heaven, Earth and Man and their reputation for Heaven, Earth and Man and their reputation for Heaven, Earth and Man and their reputation for

cruelty spread among the masses. Even their own cruelty spread among the masses. Even their own cruelty spread among the masses. Even their own cruelty spread among the masses. Even their own

children and followers wanted to kill them, how children and followers wanted to kill them, how children and followers wanted to kill them, how children and followers wanted to kill them, how

much more so their peoplemuch more so their peoplemuch more so their peoplemuch more so their people???? How much more so How much more so How much more so How much more so

ghosts and spiritsghosts and spiritsghosts and spiritsghosts and spirits???? They could not have been They could not have been They could not have been They could not have been

ddddone away with fast enough!one away with fast enough!one away with fast enough!one away with fast enough!

12121212


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「仲尼大聖仲尼大聖仲尼大聖仲尼大聖，，，，則天則天則天則天曷曷曷曷不不不不胙胙胙胙？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「無無無無土土土土。。。。」」」」

「「「「然則然則然則然則舜舜舜舜、、、、禹禹禹禹有有有有土土土土乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「舜舜舜舜以以以以堯作堯作堯作堯作土土土土，，，，禹禹禹禹以以以以舜舜舜舜

作作作作土土土土。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: If Confucius was a great sage, Someone asked: If Confucius was a great sage, Someone asked: If Confucius was a great sage, Someone asked: If Confucius was a great sage,

the why did Tian not honor him by making him a the why did Tian not honor him by making him a the why did Tian not honor him by making him a the why did Tian not honor him by making him a

ruler.ruler.ruler.ruler.

Yangzi said: He had no land.Yangzi said: He had no land.Yangzi said: He had no land.Yangzi said: He had no land.

If this is so, then did Shun and Yu have landIf this is so, then did Shun and Yu have landIf this is so, then did Shun and Yu have landIf this is so, then did Shun and Yu have land????

Yangzi said: Shun had Yao to honor him with Yangzi said: Shun had Yao to honor him with Yangzi said: Shun had Yao to honor him with Yangzi said: Shun had Yao to honor him with

land, Yu had Shun to hland, Yu had Shun to hland, Yu had Shun to hland, Yu had Shun to honor him with land.onor him with land.onor him with land.onor him with land.

13131313


或或或或問問問問「「「「聖人表聖人表聖人表聖人表裏裏裏裏」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「威儀威儀威儀威儀文文文文辭辭辭辭，，，，表表表表也也也也；；；；德行德行德行德行忠忠忠忠

信信信信，，，，裏裏裏裏也也也也。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about the outer appearance and Someone asked about the outer appearance and Someone asked about the outer appearance and Someone asked about the outer appearance and

inner essence of the sage.inner essence of the sage.inner essence of the sage.inner essence of the sage.

Yangzi said: Majestic deportment and refined Yangzi said: Majestic deportment and refined Yangzi said: Majestic deportment and refined Yangzi said: Majestic deportment and refined

(wen) words(wen) words(wen) words(wen) words————these are the outer these are the outer these are the outer these are the outer appearance. appearance. appearance. appearance.

Virtuous (de) action and faithful integrityVirtuous (de) action and faithful integrityVirtuous (de) action and faithful integrityVirtuous (de) action and faithful integrity————

this is the inner essence.this is the inner essence.this is the inner essence.this is the inner essence.

14141414


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「義義義義帝帝帝帝初初初初矯矯矯矯，，，，劉龕劉龕劉龕劉龕南南南南陽陽陽陽，，，，項項項項救救救救河河河河北北北北。。。。二二二二方方方方分分分分

崩崩崩崩，，，，一離一一離一一離一一離一合合合合，，，，設設設設秦秦秦秦得得得得人人人人，，，，如何如何如何如何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「人無人無人無人無為為為為秦秦秦秦

也也也也，，，，喪喪喪喪其其其其靈靈靈靈久矣久矣久矣久矣。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: When Emporer Yi first Someone asked: When Emporer Yi first Someone asked: When Emporer Yi first Someone asked: When Emporer Yi first

established his rule, Liu established his rule, Liu established his rule, Liu established his rule, Liu BBBBang took Nanyang and ang took Nanyang and ang took Nanyang and ang took Nanyang and

Xiang Ji rescued Hebei. The two regions were Xiang Ji rescued Hebei. The two regions were Xiang Ji rescued Hebei. The two regions were Xiang Ji rescued Hebei. The two regions were

split apart, some leaving, some joining. If the split apart, some leaving, some joining. If the split apart, some leaving, some joining. If the split apart, some leaving, some joining. If the

Qin hadQin hadQin hadQin had capable men, why did this happencapable men, why did this happencapable men, why did this happencapable men, why did this happen????

Yangzi said: People would not fight for the Qin Yangzi said: People would not fight for the Qin Yangzi said: People would not fight for the Qin Yangzi said: People would not fight for the Qin

because they lost their spirit long ago.because they lost their spirit long ago.because they lost their spirit long ago.because they lost their spirit long ago.

15151515


韓韓韓韓信信信信、、、、黥布黥布黥布黥布皆劍皆劍皆劍皆劍立立立立，，，，南南南南面面面面稱稱稱稱孤孤孤孤，，，，卒卒卒卒窮時窮時窮時窮時戮戮戮戮，，，，無無無無乃乃乃乃勿勿勿勿

乎乎乎乎？？？？或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「勿勿勿勿則無名則無名則無名則無名，，，，如何如何如何如何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「名名名名者者者者，，，，謂謂謂謂令令令令

名名名名也也也也。。。。忠忠忠忠不終不終不終不終而而而而躬躬躬躬逆逆逆逆，，，，焉攸焉攸焉攸焉攸令令令令？」？」？」？」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Yangzi said: Han Xin and Qing Yangzi said: Han Xin and Qing Yangzi said: Han Xin and Qing Yangzi said: Han Xin and Qing BBBBu both u both u both u both

established themselves by the sword and became established themselves by the sword and became established themselves by the sword and became established themselves by the sword and became

rulers. rulers. rulers. rulers. BBBBut in the end, they ran out of time ut in the end, they ran out of time ut in the end, they ran out of time ut in the end, they ran out of time

and were killed. Were they not stupidand were killed. Were they not stupidand were killed. Were they not stupidand were killed. Were they not stupid????

Someone said: If they were stupid, then they Someone said: If they were stupid, then they Someone said: If they were stupid, then they Someone said: If they were stupid, then they

would not have made names for themselves, would would not have made names for themselves, would would not have made names for themselves, would would not have made names for themselves, would

theytheytheythey????

Yangzi said: Making a name for oneself means Yangzi said: Making a name for oneself means Yangzi said: Making a name for oneself means Yangzi said: Making a name for oneself means

having an honorable reputation. having an honorable reputation. having an honorable reputation. having an honorable reputation. BBBBut showing no ut showing no ut showing no ut showing no

loyalty and rebelling in loyalty and rebelling in loyalty and rebelling in loyalty and rebelling in the endthe endthe endthe end————thatthatthatthat』』』』s far s far s far s far

from honorable.from honorable.from honorable.from honorable.

16161616


或或或或問問問問「「「「淳淳淳淳於於於於越越越越」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「伎伎伎伎曲曲曲曲。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「始始始始皇皇皇皇方方方方虎虎虎虎挒挒挒挒而而而而梟磔梟磔梟磔梟磔，，，，噬噬噬噬士士士士猶猶猶猶臘肉臘肉臘肉臘肉也也也也。。。。越越越越與與與與亢眉亢眉亢眉亢眉，，，，終終終終

無無無無撓撓撓撓辭辭辭辭，，，，可可可可謂謂謂謂伎伎伎伎矣矣矣矣。。。。仕仕仕仕無無無無妄妄妄妄之國之國之國之國，，，，食食食食無無無無妄妄妄妄之之之之粟粟粟粟，，，，分分分分無無無無

妄妄妄妄之之之之橈橈橈橈，，，，自自自自令令令令之之之之間間間間而而而而不不不不違違違違，，，，可可可可謂謂謂謂曲曲曲曲矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about Chunyu Yue.Someone asked about Chunyu Yue.Someone asked about Chunyu Yue.Someone asked about Chunyu Yue.

Yangzi said: He stood strong, and yielded.Yangzi said: He stood strong, and yielded.Yangzi said: He stood strong, and yielded.Yangzi said: He stood strong, and yielded.

The other said: MayThe other said: MayThe other said: MayThe other said: May I ask about itI ask about itI ask about itI ask about it????

Yangzi said: At that time the First Emperor Yangzi said: At that time the First Emperor Yangzi said: At that time the First Emperor Yangzi said: At that time the First Emperor

snapped bones like a tiger, tore open flesh snapped bones like a tiger, tore open flesh snapped bones like a tiger, tore open flesh snapped bones like a tiger, tore open flesh

like an owl, and he bit into scholars like like an owl, and he bit into scholars like like an owl, and he bit into scholars like like an owl, and he bit into scholars like

sacrificial meat. Chunyu Yue courageously sacrificial meat. Chunyu Yue courageously sacrificial meat. Chunyu Yue courageously sacrificial meat. Chunyu Yue courageously

raised an eyebrow at him, and in the end never raised an eyebrow at him, and in the end never raised an eyebrow at him, and in the end never raised an eyebrow at him, and in the end never

said a flattering wsaid a flattering wsaid a flattering wsaid a flattering word. This can be called ord. This can be called ord. This can be called ord. This can be called

standing strong. He served the government standing strong. He served the government standing strong. He served the government standing strong. He served the government

without worrying about the kingdomwithout worrying about the kingdomwithout worrying about the kingdomwithout worrying about the kingdom』』』』s politics, s politics, s politics, s politics,

he supported himself without worrying about he supported himself without worrying about he supported himself without worrying about he supported himself without worrying about

salary, and took part without worrying about salary, and took part without worrying about salary, and took part without worrying about salary, and took part without worrying about

flattering anyone. He cultivated a good flattering anyone. He cultivated a good flattering anyone. He cultivated a good flattering anyone. He cultivated a good

reputation in reputation in reputation in reputation in private without disobeying private without disobeying private without disobeying private without disobeying

orders. This can be called yielding.orders. This can be called yielding.orders. This can be called yielding.orders. This can be called yielding.

17171717

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「茅焦歷茅焦歷茅焦歷茅焦歷井井井井幹幹幹幹之之之之死死死死，，，，使使使使始始始始皇皇皇皇奉虛左奉虛左奉虛左奉虛左之之之之乘乘乘乘。。。。蔡蔡蔡蔡生生生生

欲欲欲欲安項安項安項安項咸咸咸咸陽陽陽陽，，，，不不不不能能能能移移移移，，，，又又又又亨亨亨亨之之之之，，，，其者未其者未其者未其者未辯辯辯辯與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「生生生生舍其木舍其木舍其木舍其木侯侯侯侯而謂而謂而謂而謂人人人人木木木木侯侯侯侯，，，，亨亨亨亨不不不不亦亦亦亦宜宜宜宜乎乎乎乎？？？？焦焦焦焦逆逆逆逆訐訐訐訐而而而而順順順順

守守守守之之之之，，，，雖雖雖雖辯辯辯辯，，，，劘劘劘劘虎虎虎虎牙牙牙牙矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Mao Jiao witnessed dead bodies Someone asked: Mao Jiao witnessed dead bodies Someone asked: Mao Jiao witnessed dead bodies Someone asked: Mao Jiao witnessed dead bodies

being piled up like the railings around a well, being piled up like the railings around a well, being piled up like the railings around a well, being piled up like the railings around a well,

yet he persuaded Qin Shi Huang to leave empty yet he persuaded Qin Shi Huang to leave empty yet he persuaded Qin Shi Huang to leave empty yet he persuaded Qin Shi Huang to leave empty

the space to the lthe space to the lthe space to the lthe space to the left of his chariot. Cai Sheng eft of his chariot. Cai Sheng eft of his chariot. Cai Sheng eft of his chariot. Cai Sheng

desired to pacify Xiang Yu at Xianyang, but he desired to pacify Xiang Yu at Xianyang, but he desired to pacify Xiang Yu at Xianyang, but he desired to pacify Xiang Yu at Xianyang, but he

was unable to influence him, and was then was unable to influence him, and was then was unable to influence him, and was then was unable to influence him, and was then

boiled alive. Wasnboiled alive. Wasnboiled alive. Wasnboiled alive. Wasn』』』』t this because Mao was t this because Mao was t this because Mao was t this because Mao was

persuasive and Cai notpersuasive and Cai notpersuasive and Cai notpersuasive and Cai not????

Yangzi said: Cai Sheng was crazy as a monkey Yangzi said: Cai Sheng was crazy as a monkey Yangzi said: Cai Sheng was crazy as a monkey Yangzi said: Cai Sheng was crazy as a monkey

and called Xiang Yu a monkand called Xiang Yu a monkand called Xiang Yu a monkand called Xiang Yu a monkeyeyeyey————isnisnisnisn』』』』t it quite t it quite t it quite t it quite

appropriate he was boiled aliveappropriate he was boiled aliveappropriate he was boiled aliveappropriate he was boiled alive???? Mao Jiao Mao Jiao Mao Jiao Mao Jiao

opposed and criticized Qin Shi Huang, and yet opposed and criticized Qin Shi Huang, and yet opposed and criticized Qin Shi Huang, and yet opposed and criticized Qin Shi Huang, and yet

got along and protected himself. got along and protected himself. got along and protected himself. got along and protected himself. BBBBut even ut even ut even ut even

though he was persuasive, was he not brushing though he was persuasive, was he not brushing though he was persuasive, was he not brushing though he was persuasive, was he not brushing

the tigerthe tigerthe tigerthe tiger』』』』s teeths teeths teeths teeth????

18181818


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「甘甘甘甘羅羅羅羅之之之之悟呂悟呂悟呂悟呂不不不不韋韋韋韋，，，，張張張張辟辟辟辟彊彊彊彊之之之之覺覺覺覺平平平平、、、、勃勃勃勃，，，，皆皆皆皆以以以以

十十十十二二二二齡齡齡齡，，，，戊戊戊戊、、、、良良良良乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「才才才才也也也也戊戊戊戊、、、、良良良良，，，，不不不不必必必必父父父父

祖祖祖祖。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Gan Luo assisted Lu Someone asked: Gan Luo assisted Lu Someone asked: Gan Luo assisted Lu Someone asked: Gan Luo assisted Lu BBBBuwei, and uwei, and uwei, and uwei, and

Zhang Piqiang awakened the minds of Chen Ping Zhang Piqiang awakened the minds of Chen Ping Zhang Piqiang awakened the minds of Chen Ping Zhang Piqiang awakened the minds of Chen Ping

and Zhou and Zhou and Zhou and Zhou BBBBo. o. o. o. BBBBoth were only twelve years old! oth were only twelve years old! oth were only twelve years old! oth were only twelve years old!

WasnWasnWasnWasn』』』』t this due to the influence of Gan Mou t this due to the influence of Gan Mou t this due to the influence of Gan Mou t this due to the influence of Gan Mou

and Zhang Liangand Zhang Liangand Zhang Liangand Zhang Liang????

Yangzi said: It was their natural ability, not Yangzi said: It was their natural ability, not Yangzi said: It was their natural ability, not Yangzi said: It was their natural ability, not

necessarilnecessarilnecessarilnecessarily because Gan Mou and Zhang Liang y because Gan Mou and Zhang Liang y because Gan Mou and Zhang Liang y because Gan Mou and Zhang Liang

were their grandfather and father.were their grandfather and father.were their grandfather and father.were their grandfather and father.

19191919


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「酈酈酈酈食其說食其說食其說食其說陳陳陳陳留留留留，，，，下下下下敖敖敖敖倉倉倉倉，，，，說說說說齊齊齊齊，，，，罷罷罷罷歷歷歷歷下下下下軍軍軍軍，，，，

何何何何辯辯辯辯也也也也？？？？韓韓韓韓信襲信襲信襲信襲齊齊齊齊，，，，以身以身以身以身脂脂脂脂鼎鼎鼎鼎，，，，何何何何訥訥訥訥也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「夫夫夫夫

辯辯辯辯也者也者也者也者，，，，自辯自辯自辯自辯也也也也。。。。如如如如辯辯辯辯人人人人，，，，幾幾幾幾矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Li Yiji convinced Liu Li Yiji convinced Liu Li Yiji convinced Liu Li Yiji convinced Liu BBBBang to seize the city of ang to seize the city of ang to seize the city of ang to seize the city of

Chen Liu, and Chen Liu, and Chen Liu, and Chen Liu, and afterwards, the granary at Ao. He afterwards, the granary at Ao. He afterwards, the granary at Ao. He afterwards, the granary at Ao. He

convinced convinced convinced convinced KKKKing Tian Guang of Qi to surrender ing Tian Guang of Qi to surrender ing Tian Guang of Qi to surrender ing Tian Guang of Qi to surrender

his troops at Lixia. What clever arguments! his troops at Lixia. What clever arguments! his troops at Lixia. What clever arguments! his troops at Lixia. What clever arguments! BBBBut ut ut ut

when Han Xin launched a surprise attack on Qi, when Han Xin launched a surprise attack on Qi, when Han Xin launched a surprise attack on Qi, when Han Xin launched a surprise attack on Qi,

KKKKing Tian Guang put Liing Tian Guang put Liing Tian Guang put Liing Tian Guang put Li』』』』s body in the cauldron s body in the cauldron s body in the cauldron s body in the cauldron

and boiled him down to a pool of greand boiled him down to a pool of greand boiled him down to a pool of greand boiled him down to a pool of grease. How ase. How ase. How ase. How

dumb he was then!dumb he was then!dumb he was then!dumb he was then!

Yangzi said: Clever arguments are for Yangzi said: Clever arguments are for Yangzi said: Clever arguments are for Yangzi said: Clever arguments are for

convincing oneself. If you use them to convince convincing oneself. If you use them to convince convincing oneself. If you use them to convince convincing oneself. If you use them to convince

others, they can be dangerous indeed!others, they can be dangerous indeed!others, they can be dangerous indeed!others, they can be dangerous indeed!

20202020


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「蒯蒯蒯蒯通通通通抵抵抵抵韓韓韓韓信信信信，，，，不不不不能能能能下下下下，，，，又又又又狂狂狂狂之之之之。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「方方方方

遭遭遭遭信信信信閉閉閉閉，，，，如其如其如其如其抵抵抵抵！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「巇巇巇巇可可可可抵抵抵抵乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「賢者賢者賢者賢者

司司司司禮禮禮禮，，，，小小小小人人人人司司司司巇巇巇巇，，，，況況況況拊鍵拊鍵拊鍵拊鍵乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Someone asked: Someone asked: Someone asked: KKKKuai Tong attempted drive Han uai Tong attempted drive Han uai Tong attempted drive Han uai Tong attempted drive Han

Xin and Liu Xin and Liu Xin and Liu Xin and Liu BBBBang apart, but was not able to do ang apart, but was not able to do ang apart, but was not able to do ang apart, but was not able to do

it, and so feigned it, and so feigned it, and so feigned it, and so feigned madness and left.madness and left.madness and left.madness and left.

Yangzi said: At the time, he met with Han XinYangzi said: At the time, he met with Han XinYangzi said: At the time, he met with Han XinYangzi said: At the time, he met with Han Xin』』』』

s closed door. Such was his attempt to drive s closed door. Such was his attempt to drive s closed door. Such was his attempt to drive s closed door. Such was his attempt to drive

them apart!them apart!them apart!them apart!

The other said: Can a crack not be driven openThe other said: Can a crack not be driven openThe other said: Can a crack not be driven openThe other said: Can a crack not be driven open????

Yangzi said: A worthy man takes charge of li. A Yangzi said: A worthy man takes charge of li. A Yangzi said: A worthy man takes charge of li. A Yangzi said: A worthy man takes charge of li. A

small man takes charge of cracks. How small man takes charge of cracks. How small man takes charge of cracks. How small man takes charge of cracks. How much more much more much more much more

does he attempt to pick open a locked door.does he attempt to pick open a locked door.does he attempt to pick open a locked door.does he attempt to pick open a locked door.

21212121


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「李李李李斯斯斯斯盡忠盡忠盡忠盡忠，，，，胡亥胡亥胡亥胡亥極極極極刑刑刑刑，，，，忠忠忠忠乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「斯斯斯斯以以以以

留留留留客客客客，，，，至至至至作作作作相相相相，，，，用用用用狂狂狂狂人之言人之言人之言人之言，，，，從從從從浮浮浮浮大大大大海海海海，，，，立立立立趙趙趙趙高高高高之之之之邪邪邪邪

說說說說，，，，廢廢廢廢沙沙沙沙丘丘丘丘之之之之正正正正，，，，阿阿阿阿意意意意督責督責督責督責，，，，焉用焉用焉用焉用忠忠忠忠？」「？」「？」「？」「霍霍霍霍？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「始元始元始元始元之之之之初初初初，，，，擁擁擁擁少少少少帝帝帝帝之之之之微微微微，，，，摧燕摧燕摧燕摧燕、、、、上上上上官官官官之之之之鋒鋒鋒鋒，，，，處處處處

廢廢廢廢興興興興之之之之分分分分，，，，堂堂堂堂堂堂堂堂乎乎乎乎忠忠忠忠，，，，難難難難矣哉矣哉矣哉矣哉！！！！至至至至顯顯顯顯，，，，不終不終不終不終矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: Someone said: Li Si was completely loyal to the Li Si was completely loyal to the Li Si was completely loyal to the Li Si was completely loyal to the

Qin, but in the end Emperor Huhai executed him. Qin, but in the end Emperor Huhai executed him. Qin, but in the end Emperor Huhai executed him. Qin, but in the end Emperor Huhai executed him.

WhatWhatWhatWhat』』』』s the point of loyaltys the point of loyaltys the point of loyaltys the point of loyalty????

Yangzi said: Li Si stayed in Qin as a guest of Yangzi said: Li Si stayed in Qin as a guest of Yangzi said: Li Si stayed in Qin as a guest of Yangzi said: Li Si stayed in Qin as a guest of

Lu Lu Lu Lu BBBBuwei and eventually became Prime Minister. uwei and eventually became Prime Minister. uwei and eventually became Prime Minister. uwei and eventually became Prime Minister.

UUUUsing the words of an alchemist to flatter the sing the words of an alchemist to flatter the sing the words of an alchemist to flatter the sing the words of an alchemist to flatter the

EmpeEmpeEmpeEmperor, he followed Qin Shi Huang on his tours ror, he followed Qin Shi Huang on his tours ror, he followed Qin Shi Huang on his tours ror, he followed Qin Shi Huang on his tours

of the four seas. of the four seas. of the four seas. of the four seas. UUUUpon Qin Shi Huangpon Qin Shi Huangpon Qin Shi Huangpon Qin Shi Huang』』』』s death, s death, s death, s death,

he let Zhao Gaohe let Zhao Gaohe let Zhao Gaohe let Zhao Gao』』』』s treacherous plan to replace s treacherous plan to replace s treacherous plan to replace s treacherous plan to replace

the chosen successor stand, discarded the the chosen successor stand, discarded the the chosen successor stand, discarded the the chosen successor stand, discarded the

EmperorEmperorEmperorEmperor』』』』s official edict, assented to the idea s official edict, assented to the idea s official edict, assented to the idea s official edict, assented to the idea

and directed the orders. Where and directed the orders. Where and directed the orders. Where and directed the orders. Where in this is in this is in this is in this is

loyaltyloyaltyloyaltyloyalty????

The other said: What about Huo Guang.The other said: What about Huo Guang.The other said: What about Huo Guang.The other said: What about Huo Guang.

Yangzi said: At the beginning of the Shiyuan Yangzi said: At the beginning of the Shiyuan Yangzi said: At the beginning of the Shiyuan Yangzi said: At the beginning of the Shiyuan

era (86era (86era (86era (86————80 80 80 80 BBBB.C.), he acted as regent for the .C.), he acted as regent for the .C.), he acted as regent for the .C.), he acted as regent for the

young Emperor Zhao, and destroyed Prince Yan young Emperor Zhao, and destroyed Prince Yan young Emperor Zhao, and destroyed Prince Yan young Emperor Zhao, and destroyed Prince Yan

and Shangguanand Shangguanand Shangguanand Shangguan』』』』s coup. After Zhaos coup. After Zhaos coup. After Zhaos coup. After Zhao』』』』s untimely s untimely s untimely s untimely

death, he stayed andeath, he stayed andeath, he stayed andeath, he stayed and played his part as regent, d played his part as regent, d played his part as regent, d played his part as regent,

first deposing his first chosen successor and first deposing his first chosen successor and first deposing his first chosen successor and first deposing his first chosen successor and

then installing Emperor Xuan. Appearing so then installing Emperor Xuan. Appearing so then installing Emperor Xuan. Appearing so then installing Emperor Xuan. Appearing so

courageous and august in his loyaltycourageous and august in his loyaltycourageous and august in his loyaltycourageous and august in his loyalty————but itbut itbut itbut it』』』』s s s s

difficult! difficult! difficult! difficult! BBBBecause coming to the crimes of his ecause coming to the crimes of his ecause coming to the crimes of his ecause coming to the crimes of his

wife Huo Xian, in the end, it wasnwife Huo Xian, in the end, it wasnwife Huo Xian, in the end, it wasnwife Huo Xian, in the end, it wasn』』』』t so.t so.t so.t so.

22222222


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「馮馮馮馮唐唐唐唐面文面文面文面文帝帝帝帝得得得得廉頗廉頗廉頗廉頗、、、、李牧李牧李牧李牧不不不不能用也能用也能用也能用也，，，，諒諒諒諒

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「彼彼彼彼將有將有將有將有激激激激也也也也。。。。親親親親屈屈屈屈帝帝帝帝尊尊尊尊，，，，信信信信亞亞亞亞夫夫夫夫之之之之軍軍軍軍，，，，

至至至至頗頗頗頗、、、、牧牧牧牧，，，，曷曷曷曷不不不不用哉用哉用哉用哉？」「？」「？」「？」「德德德德？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「罪罪罪罪不不不不孥孥孥孥，，，，宮宮宮宮

不不不不女女女女，，，，館館館館不不不不新新新新，，，，陵陵陵陵不不不不墳墳墳墳。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: Feng Tang met with Emperor Wen Someone asked: Feng Tang met with Emperor Wen Someone asked: Feng Tang met with Emperor Wen Someone asked: Feng Tang met with Emperor Wen

and told him that even if he had generals like and told him that even if he had generals like and told him that even if he had generals like and told him that even if he had generals like

Lian Po and Li Mu, he would not be able to use Lian Po and Li Mu, he would not be able to use Lian Po and Li Mu, he would not be able to use Lian Po and Li Mu, he would not be able to use

them. them. them. them. Was he not sincereWas he not sincereWas he not sincereWas he not sincere????

Yangzi said: He was raising the issue to arouse Yangzi said: He was raising the issue to arouse Yangzi said: He was raising the issue to arouse Yangzi said: He was raising the issue to arouse

Emperor WenEmperor WenEmperor WenEmperor Wen』』』』s attention. Personally yielding s attention. Personally yielding s attention. Personally yielding s attention. Personally yielding

himself with the honor of being Emperor, himself with the honor of being Emperor, himself with the honor of being Emperor, himself with the honor of being Emperor,

Emperor Wen supported YafuEmperor Wen supported YafuEmperor Wen supported YafuEmperor Wen supported Yafu』』』』s command of the s command of the s command of the s command of the

army. Why could he not have used Lian Po and Li army. Why could he not have used Lian Po and Li army. Why could he not have used Lian Po and Li army. Why could he not have used Lian Po and Li

MuMuMuMu????

The otThe otThe otThe other said: What about his deher said: What about his deher said: What about his deher said: What about his de????

Yangzi said: He did not punish the children of Yangzi said: He did not punish the children of Yangzi said: He did not punish the children of Yangzi said: He did not punish the children of

criminals, keep women in the palace, build new criminals, keep women in the palace, build new criminals, keep women in the palace, build new criminals, keep women in the palace, build new

rooms in the palace or erect a large tomb for rooms in the palace or erect a large tomb for rooms in the palace or erect a large tomb for rooms in the palace or erect a large tomb for

himself.himself.himself.himself.

23232323


或或或或問問問問「「「「交交交交」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「仁仁仁仁。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「餘餘餘餘、、、、耳耳耳耳」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「光光光光

初初初初。。。。」「」「」「」「竇竇竇竇、、、、灌灌灌灌」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「凶凶凶凶終終終終。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about friendship.Someone asked about friendship.Someone asked about friendship.Someone asked about friendship.

Yangzi said: It is based on ren.Yangzi said: It is based on ren.Yangzi said: It is based on ren.Yangzi said: It is based on ren.

The other asked: Like Chen Yu and Zhang ErThe other asked: Like Chen Yu and Zhang ErThe other asked: Like Chen Yu and Zhang ErThe other asked: Like Chen Yu and Zhang Er????

Yangzi said: A brilliant beginning.Yangzi said: A brilliant beginning.Yangzi said: A brilliant beginning.Yangzi said: A brilliant beginning.

The other asked: What about Dou Ying and Guan The other asked: What about Dou Ying and Guan The other asked: What about Dou Ying and Guan The other asked: What about Dou Ying and Guan

FuFuFuFu????

Yangzi said: A cruel ending.Yangzi said: A cruel ending.Yangzi said: A cruel ending.Yangzi said: A cruel ending.

24242424


或或或或問問問問「「「「信信信信」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不食其食其食其食其言言言言。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請人人人人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「晉晉晉晉荀荀荀荀息息息息、、、、趙趙趙趙程程程程嬰嬰嬰嬰、、、、公公公公子子子子杵臼杵臼杵臼杵臼，，，，秦秦秦秦大大大大夫夫夫夫鑿穆鑿穆鑿穆鑿穆公公公公之之之之

側側側側。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「義義義義」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「事事事事得其得其得其得其宜宜宜宜之之之之謂謂謂謂義義義義。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about trustworthiness.Someone asked about trustworthiness.Someone asked about trustworthiness.Someone asked about trustworthiness.

Yangzi said: It is a matter of not having to Yangzi said: It is a matter of not having to Yangzi said: It is a matter of not having to Yangzi said: It is a matter of not having to

eat oneeat oneeat oneeat one』』』』s words.s words.s words.s words.

The other said: Please name The other said: Please name The other said: Please name The other said: Please name some trustworthy some trustworthy some trustworthy some trustworthy

people.people.people.people.

Yangzi said: Xun Xi of Jin, Cheng Ying of Zhao, Yangzi said: Xun Xi of Jin, Cheng Ying of Zhao, Yangzi said: Xun Xi of Jin, Cheng Ying of Zhao, Yangzi said: Xun Xi of Jin, Cheng Ying of Zhao,

Gongsun Chujiu, and those who were buried alive Gongsun Chujiu, and those who were buried alive Gongsun Chujiu, and those who were buried alive Gongsun Chujiu, and those who were buried alive

at Duke Mu of Qinat Duke Mu of Qinat Duke Mu of Qinat Duke Mu of Qin』』』』s side.s side.s side.s side.

The other asked about yi.The other asked about yi.The other asked about yi.The other asked about yi.

Yangzi said: Conducting affairs appropriately Yangzi said: Conducting affairs appropriately Yangzi said: Conducting affairs appropriately Yangzi said: Conducting affairs appropriately

is called yi.is called yi.is called yi.is called yi.

25252525


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「季季季季布忍布忍布忍布忍焉焉焉焉，，，，可可可可為也為也為也為也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「能者為能者為能者為能者為之之之之，，，，明明明明

哲不哲不哲不哲不為也為也為也為也。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「當當當當布布布布之之之之急急急急，，，，雖雖雖雖明哲之明哲之明哲之明哲之如何如何如何如何？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明哲不終明哲不終明哲不終明哲不終項項項項仕仕仕仕。。。。如如如如終終終終項項項項仕仕仕仕，，，，焉攸焉攸焉攸焉攸避避避避？」？」？」？」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: What about Ji Someone asked: What about Ji Someone asked: What about Ji Someone asked: What about Ji BBBBu swallowing his u swallowing his u swallowing his u swallowing his

pridepridepridepride????

Yangzi said: Those who are able to would endure Yangzi said: Those who are able to would endure Yangzi said: Those who are able to would endure Yangzi said: Those who are able to would endure

it. it. it. it. OOOOne who was illuminated with wisdom would ne who was illuminated with wisdom would ne who was illuminated with wisdom would ne who was illuminated with wisdom would

not.not.not.not.

The other said: Ji The other said: Ji The other said: Ji The other said: Ji BBBBu was in an urgent u was in an urgent u was in an urgent u was in an urgent

situation. What would someone who was wise dosituation. What would someone who was wise dosituation. What would someone who was wise dosituation. What would someone who was wise do????

Yangzi said: TheYangzi said: TheYangzi said: TheYangzi said: The wise did not serve Xiang Yu to wise did not serve Xiang Yu to wise did not serve Xiang Yu to wise did not serve Xiang Yu to

the end. If they did, where could they hidethe end. If they did, where could they hidethe end. If they did, where could they hidethe end. If they did, where could they hide????

Yang is again emphasizing the doctrine of Yang is again emphasizing the doctrine of Yang is again emphasizing the doctrine of Yang is again emphasizing the doctrine of

timeliness here as it applies to onetimeliness here as it applies to onetimeliness here as it applies to onetimeliness here as it applies to one』』』』s s s s

decision to serve a tyrant. Xiang Yu and Qin decision to serve a tyrant. Xiang Yu and Qin decision to serve a tyrant. Xiang Yu and Qin decision to serve a tyrant. Xiang Yu and Qin

Shi Huang had the habit of killing those Shi Huang had the habit of killing those Shi Huang had the habit of killing those Shi Huang had the habit of killing those

officials anofficials anofficials anofficials and generals that were most useful to d generals that were most useful to d generals that were most useful to d generals that were most useful to

them in gaining power, thinking that because them in gaining power, thinking that because them in gaining power, thinking that because them in gaining power, thinking that because

they were so capable, they posed a longthey were so capable, they posed a longthey were so capable, they posed a longthey were so capable, they posed a long----term term term term

threat to their rule.threat to their rule.threat to their rule.threat to their rule.

26262626

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「賢賢賢賢」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「為為為為人人人人所所所所不不不不能能能能。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請人人人人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「顏淵顏淵顏淵顏淵、、、、黔婁黔婁黔婁黔婁、、、、四四四四皓皓皓皓、、、、韋韋韋韋玄玄玄玄。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「長長長長者者者者」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「藺藺藺藺相相相相如如如如申秦申秦申秦申秦而而而而屈屈屈屈廉頗廉頗廉頗廉頗，，，，欒布欒布欒布欒布之不之不之不之不倍倍倍倍，，，，朱朱朱朱家家家家之不德之不德之不德之不德，，，，

直直直直不不不不疑疑疑疑之不之不之不之不校校校校，，，，韓安韓安韓安韓安國之國之國之國之通通通通使使使使。。。。」」」」

Zhong and Zhong and Zhong and Zhong and Someone asked about worthiness.Someone asked about worthiness.Someone asked about worthiness.Someone asked about worthiness.

Yangzi said: It is a matter of doing what Yangzi said: It is a matter of doing what Yangzi said: It is a matter of doing what Yangzi said: It is a matter of doing what

Li:Li:Li:Li: ordinary people ordinary people ordinary people ordinary people are unable to do.are unable to do.are unable to do.are unable to do.

The other said: Please name some worthy people.The other said: Please name some worthy people.The other said: Please name some worthy people.The other said: Please name some worthy people.

Yangzi said: Yan Yuan, Qian Lou, the Four Yangzi said: Yan Yuan, Qian Lou, the Four Yangzi said: Yan Yuan, Qian Lou, the Four Yangzi said: Yan Yuan, Qian Lou, the Four

Greybeards of Mount Shang, and Wei Xuancheng.Greybeards of Mount Shang, and Wei Xuancheng.Greybeards of Mount Shang, and Wei Xuancheng.Greybeards of Mount Shang, and Wei Xuancheng.

The other asked about those who were heroic.The other asked about those who were heroic.The other asked about those who were heroic.The other asked about those who were heroic.

Yangzi said: Lin Ziangru acting as emissary to Yangzi said: Lin Ziangru acting as emissary to Yangzi said: Lin Ziangru acting as emissary to Yangzi said: Lin Ziangru acting as emissary to

Qin and yiQin and yiQin and yiQin and yielding to Lian Poelding to Lian Poelding to Lian Poelding to Lian Po;;;; Luan Luan Luan Luan BBBBu not u not u not u not

changing his mindchanging his mindchanging his mindchanging his mind;;;; Zhu Jia not seeking a Zhu Jia not seeking a Zhu Jia not seeking a Zhu Jia not seeking a

rewardrewardrewardreward;;;; Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhi BBBBuyi not correcting accusations uyi not correcting accusations uyi not correcting accusations uyi not correcting accusations

against himagainst himagainst himagainst him;;;; and Han Anguo being a envoy and Han Anguo being a envoy and Han Anguo being a envoy and Han Anguo being a envoy

throughout the empire.throughout the empire.throughout the empire.throughout the empire.

27272727

重黎重黎重黎重黎卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「臣臣臣臣自自自自得得得得」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「石太石太石太石太僕僕僕僕之之之之對對對對，，，，金金金金將將將將軍軍軍軍之之之之謹謹謹謹，，，，

張張張張衛衛衛衛將將將將軍軍軍軍之之之之慎慎慎慎，，，，丙丙丙丙大大大大夫夫夫夫之不之不之不之不伐伐伐伐善善善善。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問臣問臣問臣問臣自自自自

失失失失。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「李李李李貳貳貳貳師師師師之之之之執執執執貳貳貳貳，，，，田田田田祁連祁連祁連祁連之之之之濫帥濫帥濫帥濫帥，，，，韓韓韓韓馮馮馮馮翊翊翊翊

之之之之愬愬愬愬蕭蕭蕭蕭，，，，趙京趙京趙京趙京兆兆兆兆之之之之犯犯犯犯魏魏魏魏。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked: How does an official make a name Someone asked: How does an official make a name Someone asked: How does an official make a name Someone asked: How does an official make a name

for himselffor himselffor himselffor himself????

Yangzi said: Charioteer ShiYangzi said: Charioteer ShiYangzi said: Charioteer ShiYangzi said: Charioteer Shi』』』』s responses responses responses response;;;;

General JinGeneral JinGeneral JinGeneral Jin』』』』s prudences prudences prudences prudence;;;; Commander of the Guard Commander of the Guard Commander of the Guard Commander of the Guard

ZhangZhangZhangZhang』』』』s cautions cautions cautions caution;;;; Grandee Grandee Grandee Grandee BBBBinginginging』』』』s modesty.s modesty.s modesty.s modesty.

Someone said: May I inquire about how an Someone said: May I inquire about how an Someone said: May I inquire about how an Someone said: May I inquire about how an

official loses his good reputationofficial loses his good reputationofficial loses his good reputationofficial loses his good reputation????

Yangzi said: Li ErshiYangzi said: Li ErshiYangzi said: Li ErshiYangzi said: Li Ershi』』』』s seizing the territory s seizing the territory s seizing the territory s seizing the territory

of Erof Erof Erof Er;;;; Tian Qilian Tian Qilian Tian Qilian Tian Qilian』』』』s reckless commands reckless commands reckless commands reckless command;;;; Adjunct Adjunct Adjunct Adjunct

HanHanHanHan』』』』s accusing Xiao Wangzhis accusing Xiao Wangzhis accusing Xiao Wangzhis accusing Xiao Wangzhi;;;; and Zhao and Zhao and Zhao and Zhao

JingbeiJingbeiJingbeiJingbei』』』』s crimes against Wei Xiang.s crimes against Wei Xiang.s crimes against Wei Xiang.s crimes against Wei Xiang.

28282828


或或或或問問問問「「「「持持持持滿滿滿滿」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「扼欹扼欹扼欹扼欹。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about maintaining fullness.Someone asked about maintaining fullness.Someone asked about maintaining fullness.Someone asked about maintaining fullness.

Yangzi said: Hold on to the tippingYangzi said: Hold on to the tippingYangzi said: Hold on to the tippingYangzi said: Hold on to the tipping----vessel.vessel.vessel.vessel.

29292929


揚王揚王揚王揚王孫孫孫孫裸裸裸裸葬葬葬葬以以以以矯矯矯矯世世世世。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「矯矯矯矯世世世世以禮以禮以禮以禮，，，，裸裸裸裸乎乎乎乎？？？？如如如如矯矯矯矯

世世世世，，，，則則則則葛葛葛葛溝溝溝溝尚尚尚尚矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Yang Wangsun was buried naked in order to Yang Wangsun was buried naked in order to Yang Wangsun was buried naked in order to Yang Wangsun was buried naked in order to

reform the customary practice of lavish reform the customary practice of lavish reform the customary practice of lavish reform the customary practice of lavish

funerals.funerals.funerals.funerals.

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: OOOOne ne ne ne reforms the generation by reforms the generation by reforms the generation by reforms the generation by

means of li, but does being buried naked means of li, but does being buried naked means of li, but does being buried naked means of li, but does being buried naked

accomplish thisaccomplish thisaccomplish thisaccomplish this???? If that reforms the If that reforms the If that reforms the If that reforms the

generation, then it would be even easier just generation, then it would be even easier just generation, then it would be even easier just generation, then it would be even easier just

to throw the dead into a ditch.to throw the dead into a ditch.to throw the dead into a ditch.to throw the dead into a ditch.

30303030


或或或或問問問問「「「「《《《《周周周周官官官官》》》》」？」？」？」？曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「立事立事立事立事。。。。」「」「」「」「《《《《左左左左氏氏氏氏》》》》」？」？」？」？

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「品藻品藻品藻品藻。。。。」「」「」「」「太太太太史史史史史史史史遷遷遷遷」？」？」？」？曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「實實實實錄錄錄錄。。。。」」」」


Li:Li:Li:Li:

Someone asked about the Zhou Guan.Someone asked about the Zhou Guan.Someone asked about the Zhou Guan.Someone asked about the Zhou Guan.

Yangzi said: It establishes the proper affairs Yangzi said: It establishes the proper affairs Yangzi said: It establishes the proper affairs Yangzi said: It establishes the proper affairs

of the various government offices.of the various government offices.of the various government offices.of the various government offices.

The other asked about the Zuo Zhuan.The other asked about the Zuo Zhuan.The other asked about the Zuo Zhuan.The other asked about the Zuo Zhuan.

Yangzi said: It is a great collection of Yangzi said: It is a great collection of Yangzi said: It is a great collection of Yangzi said: It is a great collection of

elegant literature.elegant literature.elegant literature.elegant literature.

The other said: What about the Grand Historian The other said: What about the Grand Historian The other said: What about the Grand Historian The other said: What about the Grand Historian

Sima QianSima QianSima QianSima Qian』』』』s Shijis Shijis Shijis Shiji????

Yangzi said: It is a factual record.Yangzi said: It is a factual record.Yangzi said: It is a factual record.Yangzi said: It is a factual record.

《《《《淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第十卷第十卷第十卷第十一一一一 ---- Yuan and QianYuan and QianYuan and QianYuan and Qian》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「淵淵淵淵、、、、騫之騫之騫之騫之徒惡徒惡徒惡徒惡乎在乎在乎在乎在？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「寢寢寢寢。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：：：：

「「「「淵淵淵淵、、、、騫騫騫騫曷曷曷曷不不不不寢寢寢寢？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「攀攀攀攀龍龍龍龍鱗鱗鱗鱗，，，，附附附附鳳鳳鳳鳳翼翼翼翼，，，，巽巽巽巽以揚以揚以揚以揚

之之之之，，，，勃勃勃勃勃勃勃勃乎乎乎乎其其其其不可及不可及不可及不可及也也也也。。。。如其如其如其如其寢寢寢寢！！！！如其如其如其如其寢寢寢寢！」！」！」！」

Yuan and Yuan and Yuan and Yuan and

Qian:Qian:Qian:Qian:

Someone asked: Who are Yan Hui and Min Ziqian's Someone asked: Who are Yan Hui and Min Ziqian's Someone asked: Who are Yan Hui and Min Ziqian's Someone asked: Who are Yan Hui and Min Ziqian's

followersfollowersfollowersfollowers????

Yangzi said: They remain unknown.Yangzi said: They remain unknown.Yangzi said: They remain unknown.Yangzi said: They remain unknown.

The other said: Why did YanThe other said: Why did YanThe other said: Why did YanThe other said: Why did Yan Hui and Min Ziqian Hui and Min Ziqian Hui and Min Ziqian Hui and Min Ziqian

not remain unknownnot remain unknownnot remain unknownnot remain unknown????

Yangzi said: It is like holding on to the Yangzi said: It is like holding on to the Yangzi said: It is like holding on to the Yangzi said: It is like holding on to the

dragon's scales or hanging on to the wings of dragon's scales or hanging on to the wings of dragon's scales or hanging on to the wings of dragon's scales or hanging on to the wings of

the phoenix. They rose on the wind, soaring to the phoenix. They rose on the wind, soaring to the phoenix. They rose on the wind, soaring to the phoenix. They rose on the wind, soaring to

heights that cannot be reached. How could they heights that cannot be reached. How could they heights that cannot be reached. How could they heights that cannot be reached. How could they

remain unknown! How could they remremain unknown! How could they remremain unknown! How could they remremain unknown! How could they remain unknown!ain unknown!ain unknown!ain unknown!

2222


七十七十七十七十子之於仲尼子之於仲尼子之於仲尼子之於仲尼也也也也，，，，日日日日聞聞聞聞所所所所不聞不聞不聞不聞，，，，見見見見所所所所不見不見不見不見，，，，文文文文章章章章亦亦亦亦

不不不不足為矣足為矣足為矣足為矣。。。。



When the seventy disciples were with Confucius, When the seventy disciples were with Confucius, When the seventy disciples were with Confucius, When the seventy disciples were with Confucius,

every day they heard things that they had never every day they heard things that they had never every day they heard things that they had never every day they heard things that they had never

heard before and saw things that they had never heard before and saw things that they had never heard before and saw things that they had never heard before and saw things that they had never

seen. Inseen. Inseen. Inseen. Indeed, there was not enough time to deed, there was not enough time to deed, there was not enough time to deed, there was not enough time to

produce literary works.produce literary works.produce literary works.produce literary works.

3333


君子絕德君子絕德君子絕德君子絕德，，，，小小小小人絕人絕人絕人絕力力力力。。。。或或或或問問問問「「「「絕德絕德絕德絕德」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「舜舜舜舜以以以以

孝孝孝孝，，，，禹禹禹禹以以以以功功功功，，，，臯陶臯陶臯陶臯陶以以以以謨謨謨謨，，，，非非非非絕德絕德絕德絕德邪邪邪邪？」「？」「？」「？」「力力力力」」」」。。。。「「「「秦秦秦秦

悼悼悼悼武武武武、、、、烏烏烏烏獲獲獲獲、、、、任鄙扛任鄙扛任鄙扛任鄙扛鼎鼎鼎鼎抃抃抃抃牛牛牛牛，，，，非非非非絕絕絕絕力力力力邪邪邪邪？」？」？」？」



The junzi strives for incomparable de. The The junzi strives for incomparable de. The The junzi strives for incomparable de. The The junzi strives for incomparable de. The

petty person strives for incomparable strength.petty person strives for incomparable strength.petty person strives for incomparable strength.petty person strives for incomparable strength.

Someone asked: What is incomparable deSomeone asked: What is incomparable deSomeone asked: What is incomparable deSomeone asked: What is incomparable de????

Yangzi said: ShunYangzi said: ShunYangzi said: ShunYangzi said: Shun』』』』s filial piety, Yus filial piety, Yus filial piety, Yus filial piety, Yu』』』』s s s s

labors, Gao Yaolabors, Gao Yaolabors, Gao Yaolabors, Gao Yao』』』』s plannings plannings plannings planning————are these not are these not are these not are these not

examples of incomparable deexamples of incomparable deexamples of incomparable deexamples of incomparable de????

The other said: What about strengthThe other said: What about strengthThe other said: What about strengthThe other said: What about strength????

Yangzi said: To lift cauldrons on oneYangzi said: To lift cauldrons on oneYangzi said: To lift cauldrons on oneYangzi said: To lift cauldrons on one』』』』s s s s

shoulders or wrestle oxen like shoulders or wrestle oxen like shoulders or wrestle oxen like shoulders or wrestle oxen like KKKKing Dao Wu of ing Dao Wu of ing Dao Wu of ing Dao Wu of

Qin, Wu Huo or Qin, Wu Huo or Qin, Wu Huo or Qin, Wu Huo or RRRRen en en en BBBBiiii————are these not examples are these not examples are these not examples are these not examples

of incomparable stof incomparable stof incomparable stof incomparable strengthrengthrengthrength????

4444


或或或或問問問問「「「「勇勇勇勇」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「軻軻軻軻也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「何何何何軻軻軻軻也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「軻軻軻軻也者也者也者也者，，，，謂謂謂謂孟孟孟孟軻軻軻軻也也也也。。。。若若若若荊軻荊軻荊軻荊軻，，，，君子君子君子君子盜盜盜盜諸諸諸諸。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問

孟孟孟孟軻軻軻軻之之之之勇勇勇勇。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「勇勇勇勇於義於義於義於義而而而而果果果果於德於德於德於德，，，，不以不以不以不以貧貧貧貧富富富富、、、、貴貴貴貴

賤賤賤賤、、、、死死死死生動生動生動生動其其其其心心心心，，，，於於於於勇勇勇勇也也也也，，，，其其其其庶庶庶庶乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」



Someone asked about courage.Someone asked about courage.Someone asked about courage.Someone asked about courage.

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: KKKKe had it.e had it.e had it.e had it.

The other said: Which The other said: Which The other said: Which The other said: Which KKKKeeee????

Yangzi said: The Yangzi said: The Yangzi said: The Yangzi said: The KKKKe I refer to is Meng e I refer to is Meng e I refer to is Meng e I refer to is Meng KKKKe. e. e. e. As As As As

for Jing for Jing for Jing for Jing KKKKe, a junzi would consider him a e, a junzi would consider him a e, a junzi would consider him a e, a junzi would consider him a

bandit.bandit.bandit.bandit.

May I ask about Meng May I ask about Meng May I ask about Meng May I ask about Meng KKKKe's couragee's couragee's couragee's courage????

Yangzi said: He was courageous in yi and Yangzi said: He was courageous in yi and Yangzi said: He was courageous in yi and Yangzi said: He was courageous in yi and

determined in de. Poverty and wealth, honor and determined in de. Poverty and wealth, honor and determined in de. Poverty and wealth, honor and determined in de. Poverty and wealth, honor and

lowliness, and life and death did not move his lowliness, and life and death did not move his lowliness, and life and death did not move his lowliness, and life and death did not move his

xin. In terms of courage, was hexin. In terms of courage, was hexin. In terms of courage, was hexin. In terms of courage, was he not almost not almost not almost not almost

perfectperfectperfectperfect????

5555


魯魯魯魯仲仲仲仲連連連連蕩蕩蕩蕩而而而而不不不不制制制制，，，，藺藺藺藺相相相相如如如如制制制制而而而而不不不不蕩蕩蕩蕩。。。。



Lu Zhonglian was unsettled Lu Zhonglian was unsettled Lu Zhonglian was unsettled Lu Zhonglian was unsettled and did not serve in and did not serve in and did not serve in and did not serve in

office. Lin Xiangru served in office and was office. Lin Xiangru served in office and was office. Lin Xiangru served in office and was office. Lin Xiangru served in office and was

settled.settled.settled.settled.

6666


或或或或問問問問「「「「鄒鄒鄒鄒陽陽陽陽」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「未未未未信信信信而分而分而分而分疑疑疑疑，，，，慷慷慷慷辭免辭免辭免辭免罿罿罿罿，，，，幾幾幾幾矣矣矣矣

哉哉哉哉！」！」！」！」



Someone asked about Zou Yang.Someone asked about Zou Yang.Someone asked about Zou Yang.Someone asked about Zou Yang.

Yangzi said: He was not trusted and raised his Yangzi said: He was not trusted and raised his Yangzi said: He was not trusted and raised his Yangzi said: He was not trusted and raised his

share of suspicions, but he defended himself share of suspicions, but he defended himself share of suspicions, but he defended himself share of suspicions, but he defended himself

with an emotional plea and escaped the bird with an emotional plea and escaped the bird with an emotional plea and escaped the bird with an emotional plea and escaped the bird

catchercatchercatchercatcher』』』』s net. He was almost perfect!s net. He was almost perfect!s net. He was almost perfect!s net. He was almost perfect!

7777


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「信信信信陵陵陵陵、、、、平平平平原原原原、、、、孟孟孟孟嘗嘗嘗嘗、、、、春申春申春申春申益益益益乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「上上上上

失失失失其其其其政政政政，，，，奸奸奸奸臣臣臣臣竊竊竊竊國命國命國命國命，，，，何其益何其益何其益何其益乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: Lords Xinling, Someone asked: Lords Xinling, Someone asked: Lords Xinling, Someone asked: Lords Xinling, Ping Yuan, Meng Ping Yuan, Meng Ping Yuan, Meng Ping Yuan, Meng

Chang, and Chun Shen were of benefit to their Chang, and Chun Shen were of benefit to their Chang, and Chun Shen were of benefit to their Chang, and Chun Shen were of benefit to their

kingdoms, were they notkingdoms, were they notkingdoms, were they notkingdoms, were they not????

Yangzi said: When rulers lose control of the Yangzi said: When rulers lose control of the Yangzi said: When rulers lose control of the Yangzi said: When rulers lose control of the

government and villainous ministers steal the government and villainous ministers steal the government and villainous ministers steal the government and villainous ministers steal the

kingdomkingdomkingdomkingdom』』』』s mandate, where is the benefit in s mandate, where is the benefit in s mandate, where is the benefit in s mandate, where is the benefit in

thisthisthisthis????

8888


樗里樗里樗里樗里子之知子之知子之知子之知也也也也，，，，使使使使知國知國知國知國如葬如葬如葬如葬，，，，則吾以則吾以則吾以則吾以疾疾疾疾為為為為蓍龜蓍龜蓍龜蓍龜。。。。



As for Shuli ZiAs for Shuli ZiAs for Shuli ZiAs for Shuli Zi』』』』s knowledge of the futures knowledge of the futures knowledge of the futures knowledge of the future————If If If If

he had known the fate of his kingdom like that he had known the fate of his kingdom like that he had known the fate of his kingdom like that he had known the fate of his kingdom like that

of his tomb, then I would take him to be my of his tomb, then I would take him to be my of his tomb, then I would take him to be my of his tomb, then I would take him to be my

milfoil sticks and tortoise shells.milfoil sticks and tortoise shells.milfoil sticks and tortoise shells.milfoil sticks and tortoise shells.

9999


「「「「周之周之周之周之順順順順、、、、赧赧赧赧以成周以成周以成周以成周而而而而西西西西傾傾傾傾，，，，秦秦秦秦之之之之惠惠惠惠文文文文、、、、昭昭昭昭襄襄襄襄，，，，以以以以西西西西

山而山而山而山而東東東東並並並並，，，，孰孰孰孰愈愈愈愈？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「周周周周也也也也羊羊羊羊，，，，秦秦秦秦也也也也狼狼狼狼。。。。」「」「」「」「然然然然

則則則則狼狼狼狼愈愈愈愈歟歟歟歟？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「羊羊羊羊狼狼狼狼一一一一也也也也。。。。」」」」

Yuan and Yuan and Yuan and Yuan and From Cheng Zhou in the East From Cheng Zhou in the East From Cheng Zhou in the East From Cheng Zhou in the East KKKKing Shen Jing and ing Shen Jing and ing Shen Jing and ing Shen Jing and

KKKKing Nan of Zhou looked admiringly at the Qin ing Nan of Zhou looked admiringly at the Qin ing Nan of Zhou looked admiringly at the Qin ing Nan of Zhou looked admiringly at the Qin

Qian:Qian:Qian:Qian: in the west. From Xishan in the west, in the west. From Xishan in the west, in the west. From Xishan in the west, in the west. From Xishan in the west, KKKKing ing ing ing

Huiwen and Huiwen and Huiwen and Huiwen and KKKKing Zhao Xiang of Qin stood equal ing Zhao Xiang of Qin stood equal ing Zhao Xiang of Qin stood equal ing Zhao Xiang of Qin stood equal

to the six kingdoms in the east. Which was to the six kingdoms in the east. Which was to the six kingdoms in the east. Which was to the six kingdoms in the east. Which was

betterbetterbetterbetter????

Yangzi said: The Zhou were like sheep, the Qin Yangzi said: The Zhou were like sheep, the Qin Yangzi said: The Zhou were like sheep, the Qin Yangzi said: The Zhou were like sheep, the Qin

were like wolves.were like wolves.were like wolves.were like wolves.

The other said: This being so, is the wolf not The other said: This being so, is the wolf not The other said: This being so, is the wolf not The other said: This being so, is the wolf not

betterbetterbetterbetter????

Yangzi said: Sheep, wolvesYangzi said: Sheep, wolvesYangzi said: Sheep, wolvesYangzi said: Sheep, wolves————they arthey arthey arthey are the same.e the same.e the same.e the same.

10101010


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「蒙蒙蒙蒙恬恬恬恬忠忠忠忠而而而而被誅被誅被誅被誅，，，，忠忠忠忠奚奚奚奚可可可可為也為也為也為也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「塹塹塹塹山山山山

堙堙堙堙谷谷谷谷，，，，起起起起臨臨臨臨洮洮洮洮，，，，擊擊擊擊遼遼遼遼水水水水，，，，力力力力不不不不足而死足而死足而死足而死有有有有餘餘餘餘，，，，忠忠忠忠不不不不足足足足相相相相

也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Meng Tian was loyal to the Qin Someone asked: Meng Tian was loyal to the Qin Someone asked: Meng Tian was loyal to the Qin Someone asked: Meng Tian was loyal to the Qin

and yet he was executed. What good is loyaltyand yet he was executed. What good is loyaltyand yet he was executed. What good is loyaltyand yet he was executed. What good is loyalty????

Yangzi said: In building the Great WalYangzi said: In building the Great WalYangzi said: In building the Great WalYangzi said: In building the Great Wall, he dug l, he dug l, he dug l, he dug

trenches through the mountains and dammed up trenches through the mountains and dammed up trenches through the mountains and dammed up trenches through the mountains and dammed up

gorges, beginning from Lin Tao and reaching gorges, beginning from Lin Tao and reaching gorges, beginning from Lin Tao and reaching gorges, beginning from Lin Tao and reaching

Liao Shui. His accomplishments were not Liao Shui. His accomplishments were not Liao Shui. His accomplishments were not Liao Shui. His accomplishments were not

sufficient and the number of corpses was sufficient and the number of corpses was sufficient and the number of corpses was sufficient and the number of corpses was

excessive. His loyalty is not worth admiring.excessive. His loyalty is not worth admiring.excessive. His loyalty is not worth admiring.excessive. His loyalty is not worth admiring.

11111111


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「呂呂呂呂不不不不韋韋韋韋其其其其智智智智矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎，，，，以人以人以人以人易易易易貨貨貨貨。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「誰誰誰誰謂謂謂謂

不不不不韋韋韋韋智智智智者與者與者與者與？？？？以國以國以國以國易易易易宗宗宗宗。。。。不不不不韋韋韋韋之之之之盜盜盜盜，，，，穿窬穿窬穿窬穿窬之雄乎之雄乎之雄乎之雄乎？？？？穿穿穿穿

窬窬窬窬也者也者也者也者，，，，吾見吾見吾見吾見擔擔擔擔石石石石矣矣矣矣，，，，未未未未見見見見洛洛洛洛陽陽陽陽也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: What about LSomeone asked: What about LSomeone asked: What about LSomeone asked: What about Lüüüü BBBBuweiuweiuweiuwei』』』』s wisdoms wisdoms wisdoms wisdom????

He traded in people to make his profits.He traded in people to make his profits.He traded in people to make his profits.He traded in people to make his profits.

Yangzi said: Who ever said LYangzi said: Who ever said LYangzi said: Who ever said LYangzi said: Who ever said Lüüüü BBBBuwei was wiseuwei was wiseuwei was wiseuwei was wise????

He traded in court politics to become ancestor He traded in court politics to become ancestor He traded in court politics to become ancestor He traded in court politics to become ancestor

to the shortto the shortto the shortto the short----lived Qin Dynasty. Was Llived Qin Dynasty. Was Llived Qin Dynasty. Was Llived Qin Dynasty. Was Lüüüü BBBBuweiuweiuweiuwei』』』』

s thievery not like that of a cus thievery not like that of a cus thievery not like that of a cus thievery not like that of a cunning burglar nning burglar nning burglar nning burglar

who breaks in through a hole in the wallwho breaks in through a hole in the wallwho breaks in through a hole in the wallwho breaks in through a hole in the wall???? I I I I』』』』ve ve ve ve

seen heists as big as three bushels, but never seen heists as big as three bushels, but never seen heists as big as three bushels, but never seen heists as big as three bushels, but never

one as big as Luoyang!one as big as Luoyang!one as big as Luoyang!one as big as Luoyang!

12121212


秦秦秦秦將將將將白白白白起起起起不仁不仁不仁不仁，，，，奚用為也奚用為也奚用為也奚用為也。。。。長長長長平平平平之之之之戰戰戰戰，，，，四四四四十十十十萬人萬人萬人萬人死死死死，，，，

蚩蚩蚩蚩尤尤尤尤之之之之亂亂亂亂，，，，不過於不過於不過於不過於此矣此矣此矣此矣。。。。原原原原野野野野厭厭厭厭人之人之人之人之肉肉肉肉，，，，川川川川谷流谷流谷流谷流人之人之人之人之

血血血血，，，，將不仁將不仁將不仁將不仁，，，，奚用為奚用為奚用為奚用為！「！「！「！「翦翦翦翦？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「始始始始皇皇皇皇方方方方獵獵獵獵六六六六

國國國國，，，，而而而而翦翦翦翦牙牙牙牙欸欸欸欸！」！」！」！」



Someone Someone Someone Someone said: General said: General said: General said: General BBBBai Qi of the Qin was ai Qi of the Qin was ai Qi of the Qin was ai Qi of the Qin was

inhumane. Why was he put to useinhumane. Why was he put to useinhumane. Why was he put to useinhumane. Why was he put to use????

Yangzi said: In the battle at Chang Ping Yangzi said: In the battle at Chang Ping Yangzi said: In the battle at Chang Ping Yangzi said: In the battle at Chang Ping

400,000 men were killed. Even the chaos caused 400,000 men were killed. Even the chaos caused 400,000 men were killed. Even the chaos caused 400,000 men were killed. Even the chaos caused

by Chi You did not surpass this. The plains and by Chi You did not surpass this. The plains and by Chi You did not surpass this. The plains and by Chi You did not surpass this. The plains and

fields were covered with human flesh, the fields were covered with human flesh, the fields were covered with human flesh, the fields were covered with human flesh, the

rivers arivers arivers arivers and hollows flowed with blood. A general nd hollows flowed with blood. A general nd hollows flowed with blood. A general nd hollows flowed with blood. A general

so inhumane, how could he be put to use!so inhumane, how could he be put to use!so inhumane, how could he be put to use!so inhumane, how could he be put to use!

The other asked: What about Wang JianThe other asked: What about Wang JianThe other asked: What about Wang JianThe other asked: What about Wang Jian????

Yangzi said: Qin Shi Huang hunted the six Yangzi said: Qin Shi Huang hunted the six Yangzi said: Qin Shi Huang hunted the six Yangzi said: Qin Shi Huang hunted the six

kingdoms and Wang Jian was his teeth!kingdoms and Wang Jian was his teeth!kingdoms and Wang Jian was his teeth!kingdoms and Wang Jian was his teeth!

13131313 淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「要要要要離離離離非非非非義義義義者與者與者與者與？？？？不以不以不以不以家家家家辭辭辭辭國國國國。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「離離離離

也也也也，，，，火火火火妻妻妻妻滅滅滅滅子子子子，，，，以以以以求求求求反反反反於於於於慶忌慶忌慶忌慶忌，，，，實實實實蛛蝥蛛蝥蛛蝥蛛蝥之之之之劘劘劘劘也也也也。。。。焉焉焉焉可可可可

謂謂謂謂之義之義之義之義也也也也？」「？」「？」「？」「政政政政？」「？」「？」「？」「為為為為嚴嚴嚴嚴氏氏氏氏犯犯犯犯韓韓韓韓，，，，刺刺刺刺相相相相俠俠俠俠累累累累，，，，曼曼曼曼

面為面為面為面為姊姊姊姊，，，，實實實實壯壯壯壯士之士之士之士之靡靡靡靡也也也也，，，，焉焉焉焉可可可可謂謂謂謂之義之義之義之義也也也也？」「？」「？」「？」「軻軻軻軻？」？」？」？」

「「「「為丹為丹為丹為丹奉奉奉奉於於於於期期期期之之之之首首首首、、、、燕督亢燕督亢燕督亢燕督亢之圖之圖之圖之圖，，，，入入入入不測之不測之不測之不測之秦秦秦秦，，，，實刺實刺實刺實刺

客客客客之之之之靡靡靡靡也也也也，，，，焉焉焉焉可可可可謂謂謂謂之義之義之義之義也也也也？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: Was Yao Li not one who was Someone asked: Was Yao Li not one who was Someone asked: Was Yao Li not one who was Someone asked: Was Yao Li not one who was

righteous (yi)righteous (yi)righteous (yi)righteous (yi)???? He did not even use his family He did not even use his family He did not even use his family He did not even use his family

as an excuse to refuseas an excuse to refuseas an excuse to refuseas an excuse to refuse the commands of his the commands of his the commands of his the commands of his

kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.

Yangzi said: He allowed his wife and children Yangzi said: He allowed his wife and children Yangzi said: He allowed his wife and children Yangzi said: He allowed his wife and children

to be burned to ashes in order to get close to be burned to ashes in order to get close to be burned to ashes in order to get close to be burned to ashes in order to get close

enough to Qing Ji to assassinate him. Though he enough to Qing Ji to assassinate him. Though he enough to Qing Ji to assassinate him. Though he enough to Qing Ji to assassinate him. Though he

might be outstanding among spiders and insects, might be outstanding among spiders and insects, might be outstanding among spiders and insects, might be outstanding among spiders and insects,

what in his actions can be considered towhat in his actions can be considered towhat in his actions can be considered towhat in his actions can be considered to be be be be

righteousrighteousrighteousrighteous????

The other asked about Nie Zheng.The other asked about Nie Zheng.The other asked about Nie Zheng.The other asked about Nie Zheng.

Yangzi said: He rebelled against the Han for Yangzi said: He rebelled against the Han for Yangzi said: He rebelled against the Han for Yangzi said: He rebelled against the Han for

Yan Sui, killed head minister Han Xialei, and Yan Sui, killed head minister Han Xialei, and Yan Sui, killed head minister Han Xialei, and Yan Sui, killed head minister Han Xialei, and

disfigured himself to protect his sister. disfigured himself to protect his sister. disfigured himself to protect his sister. disfigured himself to protect his sister.

Though he might be outstanding among brave men, Though he might be outstanding among brave men, Though he might be outstanding among brave men, Though he might be outstanding among brave men,

what in his actions can be what in his actions can be what in his actions can be what in his actions can be considered to be considered to be considered to be considered to be

righteousrighteousrighteousrighteous????

The other asked about: Jing The other asked about: Jing The other asked about: Jing The other asked about: Jing KKKKe.e.e.e.

Yangzi said: At the request of Prince Dan of Yangzi said: At the request of Prince Dan of Yangzi said: At the request of Prince Dan of Yangzi said: At the request of Prince Dan of

Yan, he offered the Yan, he offered the Yan, he offered the Yan, he offered the KKKKing of Qin the head of Fan ing of Qin the head of Fan ing of Qin the head of Fan ing of Qin the head of Fan

Yuqi and a map of Dukang in Yan, and entered Yuqi and a map of Dukang in Yan, and entered Yuqi and a map of Dukang in Yan, and entered Yuqi and a map of Dukang in Yan, and entered

into Qin with being suspected. Though he might into Qin with being suspected. Though he might into Qin with being suspected. Though he might into Qin with being suspected. Though he might

be outstandbe outstandbe outstandbe outstanding among assassins, what in his ing among assassins, what in his ing among assassins, what in his ing among assassins, what in his

actions can be considered to be righteousactions can be considered to be righteousactions can be considered to be righteousactions can be considered to be righteous????

14141414

淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「儀儀儀儀、、、、秦秦秦秦學乎學乎學乎學乎鬼鬼鬼鬼谷谷谷谷術術術術，，，，而習而習而習而習乎乎乎乎縱縱縱縱橫橫橫橫言言言言，，，，安安安安中國中國中國中國

者者者者，，，，各各各各十十十十餘餘餘餘年年年年，，，，是夫是夫是夫是夫？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「詐詐詐詐人人人人也也也也，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人惡惡惡惡

諸諸諸諸。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「孔子孔子孔子孔子讀讀讀讀而而而而儀儀儀儀、、、、秦秦秦秦行行行行，，，，何如也何如也何如也何如也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「甚矣甚矣甚矣甚矣！！！！鳳鳳鳳鳳鳴鳴鳴鳴而而而而鷙翰鷙翰鷙翰鷙翰也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「然則子然則子然則子然則子貢貢貢貢不不不不為為為為歟歟歟歟？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亂亂亂亂而而而而不不不不解解解解，，，，子子子子貢貢貢貢恥恥恥恥諸諸諸諸；；；；說而說而說而說而不不不不富貴富貴富貴富貴，，，，儀儀儀儀、、、、秦恥秦恥秦恥秦恥

諸諸諸諸。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Zhang Yi and Su Qin studied the Someone asked: Zhang Yi and Su Qin studied the Someone asked: Zhang Yi and Su Qin studied the Someone asked: Zhang Yi and Su Qin studied the

arts of Gui Gu and were practiced in the arts of Gui Gu and were practiced in the arts of Gui Gu and were practiced in the arts of Gui Gu and were practiced in the

doctrines of the horizontal and doctrines of the horizontal and doctrines of the horizontal and doctrines of the horizontal and vertical vertical vertical vertical

alliances among the states. They brought peace alliances among the states. They brought peace alliances among the states. They brought peace alliances among the states. They brought peace

to the central kingdoms for more than ten to the central kingdoms for more than ten to the central kingdoms for more than ten to the central kingdoms for more than ten

years. What about themyears. What about themyears. What about themyears. What about them????

Yangzi said: They were tacticians. The sage Yangzi said: They were tacticians. The sage Yangzi said: They were tacticians. The sage Yangzi said: They were tacticians. The sage

detests them.detests them.detests them.detests them.

The other said: What about reading the The other said: What about reading the The other said: What about reading the The other said: What about reading the

teachings of Confucius but implementiteachings of Confucius but implementiteachings of Confucius but implementiteachings of Confucius but implementing the ng the ng the ng the

teachings of Zhang Yi and Su Qinteachings of Zhang Yi and Su Qinteachings of Zhang Yi and Su Qinteachings of Zhang Yi and Su Qin????

Yangzi said: What nonsense! ThatYangzi said: What nonsense! ThatYangzi said: What nonsense! ThatYangzi said: What nonsense! That』』』』s like having s like having s like having s like having

the cry of a phoenix and the feathers of a the cry of a phoenix and the feathers of a the cry of a phoenix and the feathers of a the cry of a phoenix and the feathers of a

hawk.hawk.hawk.hawk.

The other said: IsnThe other said: IsnThe other said: IsnThe other said: Isn』』』』t that what Zigong wanted t that what Zigong wanted t that what Zigong wanted t that what Zigong wanted

to doto doto doto do????

Yangzi said: Zigong was ashamed of not being Yangzi said: Zigong was ashamed of not being Yangzi said: Zigong was ashamed of not being Yangzi said: Zigong was ashamed of not being

able to bring order able to bring order able to bring order able to bring order to troubled times. Zhang Yi to troubled times. Zhang Yi to troubled times. Zhang Yi to troubled times. Zhang Yi

and Su Qin were ashamed of engaging in and Su Qin were ashamed of engaging in and Su Qin were ashamed of engaging in and Su Qin were ashamed of engaging in

disputations and not obtaining wealth and disputations and not obtaining wealth and disputations and not obtaining wealth and disputations and not obtaining wealth and

honor.honor.honor.honor.

15151515 淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「儀儀儀儀、、、、秦秦秦秦其其其其才才才才矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！跡跡跡跡不不不不蹈蹈蹈蹈已已已已。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔在昔在昔在昔在

任任任任人人人人，，，，帝帝帝帝曰曰曰曰難難難難之之之之，，，，亦亦亦亦才才才才矣矣矣矣。。。。才才才才乎乎乎乎才才才才，，，，非非非非吾吾吾吾徒徒徒徒之之之之才才才才

也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Were Zhang Yi and Su Qin not Someone asked: Were Zhang Yi and Su Qin not Someone asked: Were Zhang Yi and Su Qin not Someone asked: Were Zhang Yi and Su Qin not

talentedtalentedtalentedtalented???? They did not follow the paths of They did not follow the paths of They did not follow the paths of They did not follow the paths of

others.others.others.others.

Yangzi said: In the past, the emperors regarded Yangzi said: In the past, the emperors regarded Yangzi said: In the past, the emperors regarded Yangzi said: In the past, the emperors regarded

artful men artful men artful men artful men uneasily, even though they had uneasily, even though they had uneasily, even though they had uneasily, even though they had

talent. talent. talent. talent. BBBBut talented or not, this is not our ut talented or not, this is not our ut talented or not, this is not our ut talented or not, this is not our

followersfollowersfollowersfollowers』』』』 kind of talent.kind of talent.kind of talent.kind of talent.

16161616


美美美美行行行行：：：：園園園園公公公公、、、、綺綺綺綺裏裏裏裏季季季季、、、、夏黃夏黃夏黃夏黃公公公公、、、、甪甪甪甪裏裏裏裏先生先生先生先生。。。。言言言言辭辭辭辭：：：：婁婁婁婁

敬敬敬敬、、、、陸陸陸陸賈賈賈賈。。。。執執執執正正正正：：：：王王王王陵陵陵陵、、、、申申申申屠嘉屠嘉屠嘉屠嘉。。。。折折折折節節節節；；；；周周周周昌昌昌昌、、、、汲汲汲汲

黯黯黯黯。。。。守守守守儒儒儒儒：：：：轅轅轅轅固固固固、、、、申申申申公公公公。。。。菑菑菑菑異異異異：：：：董董董董相相相相、、、、夏夏夏夏侯侯侯侯勝勝勝勝、、、、京京京京

房房房房。。。。



Excellent conduct: Yuan Gong, Qi Liji, Xia Excellent conduct: Yuan Gong, Qi Liji, Xia Excellent conduct: Yuan Gong, Qi Liji, Xia Excellent conduct: Yuan Gong, Qi Liji, Xia

Huang, and Jiao Li.Huang, and Jiao Li.Huang, and Jiao Li.Huang, and Jiao Li.

Words and expression: Lou Jing and Lu Jia.Words and expression: Lou Jing and Lu Jia.Words and expression: Lou Jing and Lu Jia.Words and expression: Lou Jing and Lu Jia.

UUUUpholding correct principles: Wang Ling and pholding correct principles: Wang Ling and pholding correct principles: Wang Ling and pholding correct principles: Wang Ling and

Shentu Jia.Shentu Jia.Shentu Jia.Shentu Jia.

Frank remonstration: Zhou Chang and Ji An.Frank remonstration: Zhou Chang and Ji An.Frank remonstration: Zhou Chang and Ji An.Frank remonstration: Zhou Chang and Ji An.

Protecting the Protecting the Protecting the Protecting the RRRRu: Yuan Gu and Shen Gong.u: Yuan Gu and Shen Gong.u: Yuan Gu and Shen Gong.u: Yuan Gu and Shen Gong.

Disasters and strange phenomena: Dong Zhongshu, Disasters and strange phenomena: Dong Zhongshu, Disasters and strange phenomena: Dong Zhongshu, Disasters and strange phenomena: Dong Zhongshu,

XiaXiaXiaXiahou Sheng, and Jing Feng.hou Sheng, and Jing Feng.hou Sheng, and Jing Feng.hou Sheng, and Jing Feng.

17171717

淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問「「「「蕭蕭蕭蕭、、、、曹曹曹曹」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「蕭蕭蕭蕭也也也也規規規規，，，，曹曹曹曹也也也也隨隨隨隨。。。。」「」「」「」「滕滕滕滕、、、、

灌灌灌灌、、、、樊樊樊樊、、、、酈酈酈酈？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「俠俠俠俠介介介介。。。。」「」「」「」「叔叔叔叔孫孫孫孫通通通通？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「槧槧槧槧人人人人也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「爰爰爰爰盎盎盎盎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「忠忠忠忠不不不不足而足而足而足而談談談談有有有有餘餘餘餘。。。。」」」」

「「「「晁晁晁晁錯錯錯錯？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「愚愚愚愚。。。。」「」「」「」「酷酷酷酷吏吏吏吏？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「虎虎虎虎哉哉哉哉！！！！虎虎虎虎

哉哉哉哉！！！！角角角角而而而而翼翼翼翼者也者也者也者也。。。。」「」「」「」「貨貨貨貨殖殖殖殖？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「蚊蚊蚊蚊。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「血血血血國國國國三千三千三千三千，，，，使使使使捋疏捋疏捋疏捋疏、、、、飲飲飲飲水水水水、、、、褐褐褐褐博博博博，，，，沒沒沒沒齒齒齒齒無無無無愁愁愁愁也也也也？」？」？」？」

或或或或問問問問「「「「循循循循吏吏吏吏」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吏吏吏吏也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「遊俠遊俠遊俠遊俠？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「竊竊竊竊

國靈國靈國靈國靈也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「佞佞佞佞幸幸幸幸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不料料料料而已而已而已而已。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: What about Xiao He and Cao ShenSomeone asked: What about Xiao He and Cao ShenSomeone asked: What about Xiao He and Cao ShenSomeone asked: What about Xiao He and Cao Shen????

Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said:Yangzi said: Xiao He made the rules, Cao Shen Xiao He made the rules, Cao Shen Xiao He made the rules, Cao Shen Xiao He made the rules, Cao Shen

followed them.followed them.followed them.followed them.

What about Teng Houying, Guan Ying, Fan What about Teng Houying, Guan Ying, Fan What about Teng Houying, Guan Ying, Fan What about Teng Houying, Guan Ying, Fan KKKKuai uai uai uai

and Li Shangand Li Shangand Li Shangand Li Shang????

Yangzi said: They were chivalrous and Yangzi said: They were chivalrous and Yangzi said: They were chivalrous and Yangzi said: They were chivalrous and

honorable.honorable.honorable.honorable.

The other said: Shu SuntongThe other said: Shu SuntongThe other said: Shu SuntongThe other said: Shu Suntong????

Yangzi said: He was a fake copy.Yangzi said: He was a fake copy.Yangzi said: He was a fake copy.Yangzi said: He was a fake copy.

The other said: Yuan AngThe other said: Yuan AngThe other said: Yuan AngThe other said: Yuan Ang????

Yangzi saidYangzi saidYangzi saidYangzi said: His loyalty was insufficient and : His loyalty was insufficient and : His loyalty was insufficient and : His loyalty was insufficient and

his talk was excessive.his talk was excessive.his talk was excessive.his talk was excessive.

The other said: Zhao CuoThe other said: Zhao CuoThe other said: Zhao CuoThe other said: Zhao Cuo????

Yangzi said: He was stupid.Yangzi said: He was stupid.Yangzi said: He was stupid.Yangzi said: He was stupid.

The other said: The other said: The other said: The other said: RRRRuthless officialsuthless officialsuthless officialsuthless officials????

Yangzi said: Tigers! TigersYangzi said: Tigers! TigersYangzi said: Tigers! TigersYangzi said: Tigers! Tigers————with horns and with horns and with horns and with horns and

wings!wings!wings!wings!

The other said: The profiteersThe other said: The profiteersThe other said: The profiteersThe other said: The profiteers????

Yangzi said: Mosquitoes! Yangzi said: Mosquitoes! Yangzi said: Mosquitoes! Yangzi said: Mosquitoes! TheyTheyTheyThey』』』』ve always sucked ve always sucked ve always sucked ve always sucked

the kingdomthe kingdomthe kingdomthe kingdom』』』』s blood dry, making people have to s blood dry, making people have to s blood dry, making people have to s blood dry, making people have to

pick wild grasses to eat, drink pick wild grasses to eat, drink pick wild grasses to eat, drink pick wild grasses to eat, drink [[[[onlyonlyonlyonly]]]] water water water water

and wear coarse clothing. How can they live and wear coarse clothing. How can they live and wear coarse clothing. How can they live and wear coarse clothing. How can they live

until their teeth fall out with nothing to until their teeth fall out with nothing to until their teeth fall out with nothing to until their teeth fall out with nothing to

worry aboutworry aboutworry aboutworry about????

The other asked about compliant officials.The other asked about compliant officials.The other asked about compliant officials.The other asked about compliant officials.

Yangzi said: They were officials indeed.Yangzi said: They were officials indeed.Yangzi said: They were officials indeed.Yangzi said: They were officials indeed.

The other asked about wandering swordsmen.The other asked about wandering swordsmen.The other asked about wandering swordsmen.The other asked about wandering swordsmen.

Yangzi said: They stole the kingdomYangzi said: They stole the kingdomYangzi said: They stole the kingdomYangzi said: They stole the kingdom』』』』s s s s

authority.authority.authority.authority.

The other said: Flatters who curried favorThe other said: Flatters who curried favorThe other said: Flatters who curried favorThe other said: Flatters who curried favor????

Yangzi said: They are not even worth Yangzi said: They are not even worth Yangzi said: They are not even worth Yangzi said: They are not even worth

consideration.consideration.consideration.consideration.

18181818


或或或或問問問問「「「「近近近近世世世世社社社社稷稷稷稷之臣之臣之臣之臣」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若張張張張子子子子房房房房之之之之智智智智，，，，陳陳陳陳平平平平

之無之無之無之無悟悟悟悟，，，，絳絳絳絳侯侯侯侯勃勃勃勃之之之之果果果果，，，，霍霍霍霍將將將將軍軍軍軍之之之之勇勇勇勇，，，，終之以禮終之以禮終之以禮終之以禮樂樂樂樂，，，，則則則則

可可可可謂謂謂謂社稷社稷社稷社稷之臣之臣之臣之臣矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about recent generationsSomeone asked about recent generationsSomeone asked about recent generationsSomeone asked about recent generations』』』』

ministers to the alters of the gods of earth ministers to the alters of the gods of earth ministers to the alters of the gods of earth ministers to the alters of the gods of earth

and grain.and grain.and grain.and grain.

Yangzi said: If you took Zhang LiangYangzi said: If you took Zhang LiangYangzi said: If you took Zhang LiangYangzi said: If you took Zhang Liang』』』』s wisdom, s wisdom, s wisdom, s wisdom,

Chen PingChen PingChen PingChen Ping』』』』s infallibility, Marquis s infallibility, Marquis s infallibility, Marquis s infallibility, Marquis BBBBo of o of o of o of

JiangJiangJiangJiang』』』』s decisiveness, and Huo Guangs decisiveness, and Huo Guangs decisiveness, and Huo Guangs decisiveness, and Huo Guang』』』』s s s s

courage, then finished them off with li and courage, then finished them off with li and courage, then finished them off with li and courage, then finished them off with li and

musicmusicmusicmusic————that could indeed be called a minister that could indeed be called a minister that could indeed be called a minister that could indeed be called a minister

of the altars to the gods of earth and grain.of the altars to the gods of earth and grain.of the altars to the gods of earth and grain.of the altars to the gods of earth and grain.

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「公公公公孫孫孫孫弘弘弘弘、、、、董董董董仲仲仲仲舒舒舒舒孰孰孰孰邇邇邇邇？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「仲仲仲仲舒舒舒舒欲為而欲為而欲為而欲為而

不可不可不可不可得者也得者也得者也得者也，，，，弘弘弘弘容容容容而已矣而已矣而已矣而已矣。。。。」」」」

The other said: The other said: The other said: The other said: BBBBetween Gongsun Hong and Dong etween Gongsun Hong and Dong etween Gongsun Hong and Dong etween Gongsun Hong and Dong

Zhongshu, who was closer to this idealZhongshu, who was closer to this idealZhongshu, who was closer to this idealZhongshu, who was closer to this ideal????

Yangzi said: Dong Yangzi said: Dong Yangzi said: Dong Yangzi said: Dong Zhongshu had the desire but Zhongshu had the desire but Zhongshu had the desire but Zhongshu had the desire but

couldncouldncouldncouldn』』』』t attain it. Gongsun Hong had the right t attain it. Gongsun Hong had the right t attain it. Gongsun Hong had the right t attain it. Gongsun Hong had the right

appearance and thatappearance and thatappearance and thatappearance and that』』』』s all.s all.s all.s all.

19191919


或或或或問問問問「「「「近近近近世世世世名卿名卿名卿名卿」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若張張張張廷尉廷尉廷尉廷尉之之之之平平平平，，，，雋雋雋雋京京京京兆兆兆兆之之之之

見見見見，，，，尹尹尹尹扶扶扶扶風風風風之之之之潔潔潔潔，，，，王子王子王子王子貢貢貢貢之之之之介介介介，，，，斯斯斯斯近近近近世世世世名卿名卿名卿名卿矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」

「「「「將將將將。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若條條條條侯侯侯侯之之之之守守守守，，，，長長長長平平平平、、、、冠冠冠冠軍軍軍軍之之之之征征征征伐伐伐伐，，，，博博博博

陸陸陸陸之之之之持持持持重重重重，，，，可可可可謂謂謂謂近近近近世世世世名將名將名將名將矣矣矣矣。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問問問問古古古古。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「鼓之以道德鼓之以道德鼓之以道德鼓之以道德，，，，征征征征之以仁義之以仁義之以仁義之以仁義，，，，輿輿輿輿屍屍屍屍、、、、血刃血刃血刃血刃，，，，皆皆皆皆所所所所不不不不為為為為

也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about reputable highSomeone asked about reputable highSomeone asked about reputable highSomeone asked about reputable high----ranking ranking ranking ranking

officers of recent generations.officers of recent generations.officers of recent generations.officers of recent generations.

Yangzi said: Zhang ShizhiYangzi said: Zhang ShizhiYangzi said: Zhang ShizhiYangzi said: Zhang Shizhi』』』』s fairness, Juan s fairness, Juan s fairness, Juan s fairness, Juan

BBBBuyiuyiuyiuyi』』』』s perceptiveness, Yin Wenguis perceptiveness, Yin Wenguis perceptiveness, Yin Wenguis perceptiveness, Yin Wengui』』』』s purity, s purity, s purity, s purity,

and Wang Zunand Wang Zunand Wang Zunand Wang Zun』』』』s selfs selfs selfs self----reliance reliance reliance reliance ————these were the these were the these were the these were the

qualities of the recqualities of the recqualities of the recqualities of the recent generationent generationent generationent generation』』』』s reputable s reputable s reputable s reputable

highhighhighhigh----ranking officials.ranking officials.ranking officials.ranking officials.

The other asked about military generals.The other asked about military generals.The other asked about military generals.The other asked about military generals.

Yangzi said: Zhou YafuYangzi said: Zhou YafuYangzi said: Zhou YafuYangzi said: Zhou Yafu』』』』s (the Marquis of Tiao) s (the Marquis of Tiao) s (the Marquis of Tiao) s (the Marquis of Tiao)

defense strategy, Wei Qing (Marquis of Chang defense strategy, Wei Qing (Marquis of Chang defense strategy, Wei Qing (Marquis of Chang defense strategy, Wei Qing (Marquis of Chang

Ping) and Huo QubingPing) and Huo QubingPing) and Huo QubingPing) and Huo Qubing』』』』s (Marquis Zhongli) s (Marquis Zhongli) s (Marquis Zhongli) s (Marquis Zhongli)

attack strategy, and Huo Guangattack strategy, and Huo Guangattack strategy, and Huo Guangattack strategy, and Huo Guang』』』』s (Marquis of s (Marquis of s (Marquis of s (Marquis of

BBBBo Liu) grasp of honoro Liu) grasp of honoro Liu) grasp of honoro Liu) grasp of honor————these were the these were the these were the these were the

qualities of reputable military generals of the qualities of reputable military generals of the qualities of reputable military generals of the qualities of reputable military generals of the

recent generation.recent generation.recent generation.recent generation.

The other asked about the ancients.The other asked about the ancients.The other asked about the ancients.The other asked about the ancients.

Yangzi said: They urged people on with the Dao Yangzi said: They urged people on with the Dao Yangzi said: They urged people on with the Dao Yangzi said: They urged people on with the Dao

and de, and tamed them with ren and yi. and de, and tamed them with ren and yi. and de, and tamed them with ren and yi. and de, and tamed them with ren and yi.

Cartloads of cCartloads of cCartloads of cCartloads of corpses and bloodstained knivesorpses and bloodstained knivesorpses and bloodstained knivesorpses and bloodstained knives————

these were not of their doing.these were not of their doing.these were not of their doing.these were not of their doing.

20202020


張張張張騫騫騫騫、、、、蘇蘇蘇蘇武武武武之之之之奉奉奉奉使也使也使也使也，，，，執執執執節節節節沒沒沒沒身身身身，，，，不不不不屈屈屈屈王命王命王命王命，，，，雖雖雖雖古古古古之之之之

膚膚膚膚使使使使，，，，其猶劣其猶劣其猶劣其猶劣諸諸諸諸。。。。



Zhang Qian and Su Wu were admirable envoys. Zhang Qian and Su Wu were admirable envoys. Zhang Qian and Su Wu were admirable envoys. Zhang Qian and Su Wu were admirable envoys.

They maintained their integrity, were They maintained their integrity, were They maintained their integrity, were They maintained their integrity, were

unconcerned unconcerned unconcerned unconcerned with death and never abandoned with death and never abandoned with death and never abandoned with death and never abandoned

their rulertheir rulertheir rulertheir ruler』』』』s commands. Even the praiseworthy s commands. Even the praiseworthy s commands. Even the praiseworthy s commands. Even the praiseworthy

envoys of the ancients were inferior to them.envoys of the ancients were inferior to them.envoys of the ancients were inferior to them.envoys of the ancients were inferior to them.

21212121

淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 世世世世稱稱稱稱東東東東方生之方生之方生之方生之盛盛盛盛也也也也，，，，言不純言不純言不純言不純師師師師，，，，行不純表行不純表行不純表行不純表，，，，其其其其流流流流風風風風、、、、

遺遺遺遺書書書書，，，，蔑如也蔑如也蔑如也蔑如也。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「隱隱隱隱者也者也者也者也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔之昔之昔之昔之隱隱隱隱

者者者者，，，，吾聞吾聞吾聞吾聞其其其其語語語語矣矣矣矣，，，，又又又又聞聞聞聞其其其其行行行行矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「隱隱隱隱道道道道多多多多

端端端端。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「固固固固也也也也！！！！聖言聖行聖言聖行聖言聖行聖言聖行，，，，不不不不逢其逢其逢其逢其時時時時，，，，聖人聖人聖人聖人隱隱隱隱

也也也也。。。。賢賢賢賢言言言言賢賢賢賢行行行行，，，，不不不不逢其逢其逢其逢其時時時時，，，，賢者賢者賢者賢者隱隱隱隱也也也也。。。。談談談談言言言言談談談談行行行行，，，，而而而而

不不不不逢其逢其逢其逢其時時時時，，，，談談談談者者者者隱隱隱隱也也也也。。。。昔昔昔昔者者者者箕箕箕箕子之子之子之子之漆漆漆漆其其其其身身身身也也也也，，，，狂狂狂狂接輿接輿接輿接輿

之之之之被被被被其其其其發發發發也也也也，，，，欲欲欲欲去去去去而而而而恐恐恐恐罹害罹害罹害罹害者也者也者也者也。。。。箕箕箕箕子之子之子之子之《《《《洪洪洪洪範範範範》，》，》，》，

接輿接輿接輿接輿之之之之歌歌歌歌鳳鳳鳳鳳也哉也哉也哉也哉！」！」！」！」或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「東東東東方生名過方生名過方生名過方生名過實實實實者者者者，，，，何何何何

也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「應應應應諧諧諧諧，，，，不不不不窮窮窮窮，，，，正正正正諫諫諫諫，，，，穢穢穢穢德德德德。。。。應應應應諧諧諧諧似似似似優優優優，，，，

不不不不窮窮窮窮似似似似哲哲哲哲，，，，正正正正諫諫諫諫似似似似直直直直，，，，穢穢穢穢德德德德似似似似隱隱隱隱。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請問名問名問名問名。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「詼詼詼詼達達達達。。。。」「」「」「」「惡比惡比惡比惡比？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「非非非非夷夷夷夷尚尚尚尚容容容容，，，，依依依依隱隱隱隱玩玩玩玩

世世世世，，，，其其其其滑稽滑稽滑稽滑稽之雄乎之雄乎之雄乎之雄乎！」！」！」！」或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「柳柳柳柳下下下下惠惠惠惠非非非非朝朝朝朝隱隱隱隱者者者者

與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子君子君子君子謂謂謂謂之不之不之不之不恭恭恭恭。。。。古古古古者高者高者高者高餓餓餓餓顯顯顯顯，，，，下下下下祿祿祿祿

隱隱隱隱。。。。」」」」



The world lauds the exuberance of Dong The world lauds the exuberance of Dong The world lauds the exuberance of Dong The world lauds the exuberance of Dong

FangshuoFangshuoFangshuoFangshuo』』』』s life. s life. s life. s life. BBBBut in speaking, he was not ut in speaking, he was not ut in speaking, he was not ut in speaking, he was not

sincere enough to be a teacher, and in action, sincere enough to be a teacher, and in action, sincere enough to be a teacher, and in action, sincere enough to be a teacher, and in action,

he was not a sinhe was not a sinhe was not a sinhe was not a sincere enough to be a role model. cere enough to be a role model. cere enough to be a role model. cere enough to be a role model.

The remnants of his writings that are still The remnants of his writings that are still The remnants of his writings that are still The remnants of his writings that are still

floating around should be discarded.floating around should be discarded.floating around should be discarded.floating around should be discarded.

Someone said: He was a hermit.Someone said: He was a hermit.Someone said: He was a hermit.Someone said: He was a hermit.

Yangzi said: The hermits of ancient timesYangzi said: The hermits of ancient timesYangzi said: The hermits of ancient timesYangzi said: The hermits of ancient times————IIII』』』』

ve heard of their sayings and their deeds.ve heard of their sayings and their deeds.ve heard of their sayings and their deeds.ve heard of their sayings and their deeds.

The other said: The pathThe other said: The pathThe other said: The pathThe other said: The path (dao) of the hermit (dao) of the hermit (dao) of the hermit (dao) of the hermit

has many beginnings.has many beginnings.has many beginnings.has many beginnings.

Yangzi said: Indeed! If the words and actions Yangzi said: Indeed! If the words and actions Yangzi said: Indeed! If the words and actions Yangzi said: Indeed! If the words and actions

of the sage do not meet with their proper time, of the sage do not meet with their proper time, of the sage do not meet with their proper time, of the sage do not meet with their proper time,

then the sage becomes a hermit. If the words then the sage becomes a hermit. If the words then the sage becomes a hermit. If the words then the sage becomes a hermit. If the words

and actions of the worthy do not meet with and actions of the worthy do not meet with and actions of the worthy do not meet with and actions of the worthy do not meet with

their proper time, then the worttheir proper time, then the worttheir proper time, then the worttheir proper time, then the worthy become hy become hy become hy become

hermits. If the words and actions of the jester hermits. If the words and actions of the jester hermits. If the words and actions of the jester hermits. If the words and actions of the jester

do not meet with his times, then the jester do not meet with his times, then the jester do not meet with his times, then the jester do not meet with his times, then the jester

becomes a hermit. In the ancient past, Ji Zi becomes a hermit. In the ancient past, Ji Zi becomes a hermit. In the ancient past, Ji Zi becomes a hermit. In the ancient past, Ji Zi

covered himself in lacquer and Jie Yu unbound covered himself in lacquer and Jie Yu unbound covered himself in lacquer and Jie Yu unbound covered himself in lacquer and Jie Yu unbound

his hair and feigned madness. his hair and feigned madness. his hair and feigned madness. his hair and feigned madness. BBBBoth feared oth feared oth feared oth feared

meeting with harm andmeeting with harm andmeeting with harm andmeeting with harm and desired to flee. Ji Zi desired to flee. Ji Zi desired to flee. Ji Zi desired to flee. Ji Zi

wrote the Hongfan (The Great Plan), and Jie Yu wrote the Hongfan (The Great Plan), and Jie Yu wrote the Hongfan (The Great Plan), and Jie Yu wrote the Hongfan (The Great Plan), and Jie Yu

sang sang sang sang 「「「「Phoenix!Phoenix!Phoenix!Phoenix!」」」」 to Confucius.to Confucius.to Confucius.to Confucius.

The other asked: Why was Dong FangshuoThe other asked: Why was Dong FangshuoThe other asked: Why was Dong FangshuoThe other asked: Why was Dong Fangshuo』』』』s s s s

reputation so exaggerated thenreputation so exaggerated thenreputation so exaggerated thenreputation so exaggerated then????

Yangzi said: He answered with jokes, was never Yangzi said: He answered with jokes, was never Yangzi said: He answered with jokes, was never Yangzi said: He answered with jokes, was never

at a loss for words, made straightfat a loss for words, made straightfat a loss for words, made straightfat a loss for words, made straightforward orward orward orward

remonstrations, and had a dirty character (de). remonstrations, and had a dirty character (de). remonstrations, and had a dirty character (de). remonstrations, and had a dirty character (de).

Answering with jokes, he seemed like an actor. Answering with jokes, he seemed like an actor. Answering with jokes, he seemed like an actor. Answering with jokes, he seemed like an actor.

Never at a loss for words, he appeared to be Never at a loss for words, he appeared to be Never at a loss for words, he appeared to be Never at a loss for words, he appeared to be

philosophical. With his straightforward philosophical. With his straightforward philosophical. With his straightforward philosophical. With his straightforward

remonstrations he appeared genuine. And with a remonstrations he appeared genuine. And with a remonstrations he appeared genuine. And with a remonstrations he appeared genuine. And with a

dirty character, he sedirty character, he sedirty character, he sedirty character, he seemed like a hermit.emed like a hermit.emed like a hermit.emed like a hermit.

The other said: May I ask, then, what would be The other said: May I ask, then, what would be The other said: May I ask, then, what would be The other said: May I ask, then, what would be

a more appropriate name for him.a more appropriate name for him.a more appropriate name for him.a more appropriate name for him.

Yangzi said: He was a jester.Yangzi said: He was a jester.Yangzi said: He was a jester.Yangzi said: He was a jester.

The other said: How does he compare to hermits The other said: How does he compare to hermits The other said: How does he compare to hermits The other said: How does he compare to hermits

of the pastof the pastof the pastof the past????

Yangzi said: He rejected Yangzi said: He rejected Yangzi said: He rejected Yangzi said: He rejected BBBBo Yi and Shuqio Yi and Shuqio Yi and Shuqio Yi and Shuqi』』』』s s s s

suffering as stupid ansuffering as stupid ansuffering as stupid ansuffering as stupid and esteemed comfort, d esteemed comfort, d esteemed comfort, d esteemed comfort,

staying in the shade and making fun of the staying in the shade and making fun of the staying in the shade and making fun of the staying in the shade and making fun of the

world. world. world. world. BBBBut wasnut wasnut wasnut wasn』』』』t he really the height of t he really the height of t he really the height of t he really the height of

ridiculousnessridiculousnessridiculousnessridiculousness????

The other asked: Was Liu Xiahui not a hermit at The other asked: Was Liu Xiahui not a hermit at The other asked: Was Liu Xiahui not a hermit at The other asked: Was Liu Xiahui not a hermit at

courtcourtcourtcourt????

Yangzi said: A junzi would say that he was Yangzi said: A junzi would say that he was Yangzi said: A junzi would say that he was Yangzi said: A junzi would say that he was

undignified. Among the ancients, one undignified. Among the ancients, one undignified. Among the ancients, one undignified. Among the ancients, one who was who was who was who was

hungry yet prominent was highly esteemedhungry yet prominent was highly esteemedhungry yet prominent was highly esteemedhungry yet prominent was highly esteemed;;;; one one one one

who was prosperous and yet reclusive was who was prosperous and yet reclusive was who was prosperous and yet reclusive was who was prosperous and yet reclusive was

considered lowly.considered lowly.considered lowly.considered lowly.

22222222


妄妄妄妄譽譽譽譽，，，，仁之仁之仁之仁之賊也賊也賊也賊也；；；；妄妄妄妄毀毀毀毀，，，，義之義之義之義之賊也賊也賊也賊也。。。。賊賊賊賊仁仁仁仁近近近近鄉鄉鄉鄉原原原原，，，，賊賊賊賊

義義義義近近近近鄉訕鄉訕鄉訕鄉訕。。。。



Flattery is the thief of ren, and slander is Flattery is the thief of ren, and slander is Flattery is the thief of ren, and slander is Flattery is the thief of ren, and slander is

the thief of yi. The thief of ren is close to the thief of yi. The thief of ren is close to the thief of yi. The thief of ren is close to the thief of yi. The thief of ren is close to

the village worthy. The thief of yi is close to the village worthy. The thief of yi is close to the village worthy. The thief of yi is close to the village worthy. The thief of yi is close to

the village detractor.the village detractor.the village detractor.the village detractor.

23232323

淵騫淵騫淵騫淵騫卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「子子子子，，，，蜀蜀蜀蜀人人人人也也也也，，，，請請請請人人人人。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有有有有李李李李仲仲仲仲元元元元者者者者，，，，

人人人人也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「其為其為其為其為人人人人也也也也，，，，奈奈奈奈何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不屈屈屈屈其其其其意意意意，，，，不不不不

累累累累其其其其身身身身。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「是是是是夷夷夷夷、、、、惠惠惠惠之之之之徒與徒與徒與徒與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不夷夷夷夷不不不不

惠惠惠惠，，，，可可可可否否否否之之之之間間間間也也也也。。。。」「」「」「」「如是如是如是如是，，，，則則則則奚奚奚奚名之不名之不名之不名之不彰彰彰彰也也也也？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「無仲尼無仲尼無仲尼無仲尼，，，，則則則則西西西西山山山山之之之之餓餓餓餓夫與夫與夫與夫與東東東東國之國之國之國之絀絀絀絀臣臣臣臣惡惡惡惡乎乎乎乎

聞聞聞聞？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「王王王王陽陽陽陽、、、、貢貢貢貢禹禹禹禹遇遇遇遇仲尼乎仲尼乎仲尼乎仲尼乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明明明明星星星星皓皓皓皓

皓皓皓皓，，，，華華華華藻之藻之藻之藻之力力力力也與也與也與也與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若是若是若是若是，，，，則則則則奚為奚為奚為奚為不不不不自自自自

高高高高？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「皓皓皓皓皓皓皓皓者者者者，，，，己己己己也也也也；；；；引引引引而高而高而高而高之之之之者者者者，，，，天天天天也也也也。。。。子子子子

欲欲欲欲自自自自高邪高邪高邪高邪？？？？仲仲仲仲元元元元，，，，世世世世之之之之師也師也師也師也。。。。見見見見其貌者其貌者其貌者其貌者，，，，肅肅肅肅如也如也如也如也；；；；聞聞聞聞

其其其其言言言言者者者者，，，，愀愀愀愀如也如也如也如也；；；；觀觀觀觀其其其其行行行行者者者者，，，，穆穆穆穆如也如也如也如也。。。。鄲鄲鄲鄲聞以德聞以德聞以德聞以德詘詘詘詘人人人人

矣矣矣矣，，，，未未未未聞以德聞以德聞以德聞以德詘詘詘詘於人於人於人於人也也也也。。。。仲仲仲仲元元元元，，，，畏畏畏畏人人人人也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: You are from Shu. May I ask Someone asked: You are from Shu. May I ask Someone asked: You are from Shu. May I ask Someone asked: You are from Shu. May I ask

about men from Shu.about men from Shu.about men from Shu.about men from Shu.

Yangzi said: There was Li Zhongyuan.Yangzi said: There was Li Zhongyuan.Yangzi said: There was Li Zhongyuan.Yangzi said: There was Li Zhongyuan.

The other said: As a man, what was he likeThe other said: As a man, what was he likeThe other said: As a man, what was he likeThe other said: As a man, what was he like????

Yangzi said: He is will was unbending in Yangzi said: He is will was unbending in Yangzi said: He is will was unbending in Yangzi said: He is will was unbending in

purpose and did not implicate himself in any purpose and did not implicate himself in any purpose and did not implicate himself in any purpose and did not implicate himself in any

wrongdoing.wrongdoing.wrongdoing.wrongdoing.

The otheThe otheThe otheThe other said: Was he a follower of r said: Was he a follower of r said: Was he a follower of r said: Was he a follower of BBBBo Yi or o Yi or o Yi or o Yi or

Liuxia HuiLiuxia HuiLiuxia HuiLiuxia Hui????

Yangzi said: Neither like Yangzi said: Neither like Yangzi said: Neither like Yangzi said: Neither like BBBBo Yi or Liuxia Hui, o Yi or Liuxia Hui, o Yi or Liuxia Hui, o Yi or Liuxia Hui,

he was one who had no preconceptions the he was one who had no preconceptions the he was one who had no preconceptions the he was one who had no preconceptions the

permissible and impermissible.permissible and impermissible.permissible and impermissible.permissible and impermissible.

The other said: If this is so, then why was his The other said: If this is so, then why was his The other said: If this is so, then why was his The other said: If this is so, then why was his

reputation not wellreputation not wellreputation not wellreputation not well----knownknownknownknown????

Without ConWithout ConWithout ConWithout Confucius, how would anyone ever heard fucius, how would anyone ever heard fucius, how would anyone ever heard fucius, how would anyone ever heard

of the men who starved in the western mountains of the men who starved in the western mountains of the men who starved in the western mountains of the men who starved in the western mountains

or the minister who was dismissed in the or the minister who was dismissed in the or the minister who was dismissed in the or the minister who was dismissed in the

eastern kingdom.eastern kingdom.eastern kingdom.eastern kingdom.

[[[[The otherThe otherThe otherThe other]]]] said: What if Wang Yang and Gong Yu said: What if Wang Yang and Gong Yu said: What if Wang Yang and Gong Yu said: What if Wang Yang and Gong Yu

had met Confuciushad met Confuciushad met Confuciushad met Confucius????

Yangzi said: Does the morning star shine so Yangzi said: Does the morning star shine so Yangzi said: Does the morning star shine so Yangzi said: Does the morning star shine so

brbrbrbrightly only because of it position high in ightly only because of it position high in ightly only because of it position high in ightly only because of it position high in

the skythe skythe skythe sky????

The other said: This being so, why did he not The other said: This being so, why did he not The other said: This being so, why did he not The other said: This being so, why did he not

obtain a high position himselfobtain a high position himselfobtain a high position himselfobtain a high position himself????

Yangzi said: What shines brightly is oneself. Yangzi said: What shines brightly is oneself. Yangzi said: What shines brightly is oneself. Yangzi said: What shines brightly is oneself.

It is Tian that leads one to attain a high It is Tian that leads one to attain a high It is Tian that leads one to attain a high It is Tian that leads one to attain a high

position. Do you desire to put yoursposition. Do you desire to put yoursposition. Do you desire to put yoursposition. Do you desire to put yourself in a elf in a elf in a elf in a

high positionhigh positionhigh positionhigh position???? Li Zhongyuan was the teacher of Li Zhongyuan was the teacher of Li Zhongyuan was the teacher of Li Zhongyuan was the teacher of

a generation. His demeanor was solemn, his a generation. His demeanor was solemn, his a generation. His demeanor was solemn, his a generation. His demeanor was solemn, his

words aroused emotion, and his conduct was words aroused emotion, and his conduct was words aroused emotion, and his conduct was words aroused emotion, and his conduct was

majestic. I had heard of using de to make majestic. I had heard of using de to make majestic. I had heard of using de to make majestic. I had heard of using de to make

others yield, but I had yet to hear of using de others yield, but I had yet to hear of using de others yield, but I had yet to hear of using de others yield, but I had yet to hear of using de

to yield oneself to otheto yield oneself to otheto yield oneself to otheto yield oneself to others. Li Zhongyuan was an rs. Li Zhongyuan was an rs. Li Zhongyuan was an rs. Li Zhongyuan was an

awesome man.awesome man.awesome man.awesome man.

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「育育育育、、、、賁賁賁賁。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「育育育育、、、、賁賁賁賁也也也也，，，，人人人人畏畏畏畏其其其其力力力力，，，，而而而而

侮侮侮侮其其其其德德德德。。。。」「」「」「」「請請請請條條條條。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「非正非正非正非正不不不不視視視視，，，，非正非正非正非正不不不不聽聽聽聽，，，，

非正非正非正非正不言不言不言不言，，，，非正非正非正非正不行不行不行不行。。。。夫能正其視聽夫能正其視聽夫能正其視聽夫能正其視聽言行言行言行言行者者者者，，，，昔吾先昔吾先昔吾先昔吾先

師師師師之之之之所所所所畏畏畏畏也也也也。。。。如視如視如視如視不不不不視視視視，，，，聽聽聽聽不不不不聽聽聽聽，，，，言不言言不言言不言言不言，，，，行不行行不行行不行行不行，，，，

雖雖雖雖有有有有育育育育、、、、賁賁賁賁，，，，其猶其猶其猶其猶侮侮侮侮諸諸諸諸！」！」！」！」

The other said: What about Xia Yu and Meng The other said: What about Xia Yu and Meng The other said: What about Xia Yu and Meng The other said: What about Xia Yu and Meng BBBBenenenen????

Yangzi said: People were in awe of Xia Yu and Yangzi said: People were in awe of Xia Yu and Yangzi said: People were in awe of Xia Yu and Yangzi said: People were in awe of Xia Yu and

Meng Meng Meng Meng BBBBenenenen』』』』s physical strength, but ridiculed s physical strength, but ridiculed s physical strength, but ridiculed s physical strength, but ridiculed

their de.their de.their de.their de.

The other said: Could you please explain in The other said: Could you please explain in The other said: Could you please explain in The other said: Could you please explain in

detaildetaildetaildetail????

Yangzi said: DonYangzi said: DonYangzi said: DonYangzi said: Don』』』』t look at what is improper, t look at what is improper, t look at what is improper, t look at what is improper,

dondondondon』』』』t listen to what is improper, dont listen to what is improper, dont listen to what is improper, dont listen to what is improper, don』』』』t say t say t say t say

what is improper, and donwhat is improper, and donwhat is improper, and donwhat is improper, and don』』』』t do what is t do what is t do what is t do what is

improper. The teachers of the ancient past improper. The teachers of the ancient past improper. The teachers of the ancient past improper. The teachers of the ancient past

stood in awe of those who could stood in awe of those who could stood in awe of those who could stood in awe of those who could see, hear, see, hear, see, hear, see, hear,

speak and act speak and act speak and act speak and act [[[[according toaccording toaccording toaccording to]]]] what was proper. what was proper. what was proper. what was proper.

If you look at what should not be looked at, If you look at what should not be looked at, If you look at what should not be looked at, If you look at what should not be looked at,

listen to what should not be heard, say what listen to what should not be heard, say what listen to what should not be heard, say what listen to what should not be heard, say what

should not be said, and do what should not be should not be said, and do what should not be should not be said, and do what should not be should not be said, and do what should not be

done, then even if you had Xia Yu or Meng done, then even if you had Xia Yu or Meng done, then even if you had Xia Yu or Meng done, then even if you had Xia Yu or Meng BBBBenenenen』』』』

s s s s [[[[strengthstrengthstrengthstrength]]]] you you you you will still only be ridiculed.will still only be ridiculed.will still only be ridiculed.will still only be ridiculed.

《《《《君子君子君子君子卷第十卷第十卷第十卷第十二二二二 ---- The JunziThe JunziThe JunziThe Junzi》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

君子君子君子君子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「君子言則成君子言則成君子言則成君子言則成文文文文，，，，動則成德動則成德動則成德動則成德，，，，何何何何以以以以也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「以以以以其其其其弸弸弸弸中中中中而而而而彪彪彪彪外也外也外也外也。。。。般般般般之之之之揮斤揮斤揮斤揮斤，，，，羿羿羿羿之之之之激激激激矢矢矢矢。。。。君子不君子不君子不君子不

言言言言，，，，言言言言必必必必有中有中有中有中也也也也；；；；不行不行不行不行，，，，行行行行必必必必有稱有稱有稱有稱也也也也。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: When the junzi speaks, it Someone asked: When the junzi speaks, it Someone asked: When the junzi speaks, it Someone asked: When the junzi speaks, it

becomes literature. When he acts, it becomes becomes literature. When he acts, it becomes becomes literature. When he acts, it becomes becomes literature. When he acts, it becomes

de. How does this happende. How does this happende. How does this happende. How does this happen????

Yangzi said: It is because internally he is Yangzi said: It is because internally he is Yangzi said: It is because internally he is Yangzi said: It is because internally he is

like a fully drawn bow and externally he is like a fully drawn bow and externally he is like a fully drawn bow and externally he is like a fully drawn bow and externally he is

elegantly patterned like a tiger. He is like elegantly patterned like a tiger. He is like elegantly patterned like a tiger. He is like elegantly patterned like a tiger. He is like

Gong Shuban wielding axes and Hou Yi shooting Gong Shuban wielding axes and Hou Yi shooting Gong Shuban wielding axes and Hou Yi shooting Gong Shuban wielding axes and Hou Yi shooting

arrows. The junzi does not speak but that his arrows. The junzi does not speak but that his arrows. The junzi does not speak but that his arrows. The junzi does not speak but that his

speech hits the mark, does not speech hits the mark, does not speech hits the mark, does not speech hits the mark, does not act but that his act but that his act but that his act but that his

act is in perfect balance.act is in perfect balance.act is in perfect balance.act is in perfect balance.

2222


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「君子之君子之君子之君子之柔柔柔柔剛剛剛剛。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子於仁君子於仁君子於仁君子於仁也也也也柔柔柔柔，，，，於義於義於義於義

也也也也剛剛剛剛。。。。」」」」

The The The The Junzi:Junzi:Junzi:Junzi: Someone asked: When is the junzi flexibleSomeone asked: When is the junzi flexibleSomeone asked: When is the junzi flexibleSomeone asked: When is the junzi flexible???? When When When When

is he firmis he firmis he firmis he firm????

Yangzi said: In matters of ren, the junzi is Yangzi said: In matters of ren, the junzi is Yangzi said: In matters of ren, the junzi is Yangzi said: In matters of ren, the junzi is

flexible. In matters of yi, he is firm.flexible. In matters of yi, he is firm.flexible. In matters of yi, he is firm.flexible. In matters of yi, he is firm.

3333


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「航航航航不不不不漿漿漿漿，，，，沖沖沖沖不不不不薺薺薺薺，，，，有諸有諸有諸有諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「有之有之有之有之。。。。」」」」

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「大大大大器器器器固固固固不周於不周於不周於不周於小小小小乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「斯斯斯斯械械械械也也也也，，，，君子君子君子君子

不不不不械械械械。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: The oar of a large storied boat Someone asked: The oar of a large storied boat Someone asked: The oar of a large storied boat Someone asked: The oar of a large storied boat

is not used as a ladle, and a war cart is not is not used as a ladle, and a war cart is not is not used as a ladle, and a war cart is not is not used as a ladle, and a war cart is not

used for gathering vegetables. Is this correctused for gathering vegetables. Is this correctused for gathering vegetables. Is this correctused for gathering vegetables. Is this correct????

Yangzi said: This is correct.Yangzi said: This is correct.Yangzi said: This is correct.Yangzi said: This is correct.

The other said: So a big tool cannot do The other said: So a big tool cannot do The other said: So a big tool cannot do The other said: So a big tool cannot do

everything that a small tool can doeverything that a small tool can doeverything that a small tool can doeverything that a small tool can do????

Yangzi said: Such are implements. A junzi is Yangzi said: Such are implements. A junzi is Yangzi said: Such are implements. A junzi is Yangzi said: Such are implements. A junzi is

not an implement.not an implement.not an implement.not an implement.

4444

君子君子君子君子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「孟孟孟孟子知言之子知言之子知言之子知言之要要要要，，，，知德之知德之知德之知德之奧奧奧奧」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「非非非非茍茍茍茍知知知知

之之之之，，，，亦亦亦亦允允允允蹈蹈蹈蹈之之之之。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「子子子子小小小小諸子諸子諸子諸子，，，，孟孟孟孟子子子子非非非非諸子諸子諸子諸子

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「諸子諸子諸子諸子者者者者，，，，以以以以其其其其知知知知異異異異於孔子於孔子於孔子於孔子者也者也者也者也。。。。孟孟孟孟子子子子異異異異

乎乎乎乎？？？？不不不不異異異異。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: Did Mengzi not understand the Someone asked: Did Mengzi not understand the Someone asked: Did Mengzi not understand the Someone asked: Did Mengzi not understand the

key points of words and the subtleties of dekey points of words and the subtleties of dekey points of words and the subtleties of dekey points of words and the subtleties of de????

Yangzi said: Not only did he understand them, Yangzi said: Not only did he understand them, Yangzi said: Not only did he understand them, Yangzi said: Not only did he understand them,

he also faithfully followed their path.he also faithfully followed their path.he also faithfully followed their path.he also faithfully followed their path.

The other said: You treat all the philosophers The other said: You treat all the philosophers The other said: You treat all the philosophers The other said: You treat all the philosophers

lightly. Was Mengzi not one of lightly. Was Mengzi not one of lightly. Was Mengzi not one of lightly. Was Mengzi not one of them as wellthem as wellthem as wellthem as well????

Yangzi said: The other philosophers take their Yangzi said: The other philosophers take their Yangzi said: The other philosophers take their Yangzi said: The other philosophers take their

knowledge to be different from Confucius's. Was knowledge to be different from Confucius's. Was knowledge to be different from Confucius's. Was knowledge to be different from Confucius's. Was

Mengzi's differentMengzi's differentMengzi's differentMengzi's different???? It was not. It was not. It was not. It was not.

5555


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「孫孫孫孫卿卿卿卿非非非非數數數數家家家家之之之之書書書書，，，，侻侻侻侻也也也也；；；；至於子至於子至於子至於子思思思思、、、、孟孟孟孟軻軻軻軻，，，，

詭詭詭詭哉哉哉哉！」！」！」！」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「吾於吾於吾於吾於孫孫孫孫卿卿卿卿，，，，與與與與見見見見同同同同門門門門而異而異而異而異戶戶戶戶也也也也，，，，惟惟惟惟聖聖聖聖

人人人人為為為為不不不不異異異異。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: Xunzi's book criticizing the Someone said: Xunzi's book criticizing the Someone said: Xunzi's book criticizing the Someone said: Xunzi's book criticizing the

various schools is acceptable. various schools is acceptable. various schools is acceptable. various schools is acceptable. BBBBut when it ut when it ut when it ut when it

comes to Zisi and Mengzi, it is misleading.comes to Zisi and Mengzi, it is misleading.comes to Zisi and Mengzi, it is misleading.comes to Zisi and Mengzi, it is misleading.

Yangzi said: My attitude toward XunziYangzi said: My attitude toward XunziYangzi said: My attitude toward XunziYangzi said: My attitude toward Xunzi???? I see I see I see I see

him as having entered through the same him as having entered through the same him as having entered through the same him as having entered through the same

courtyard gate, but gone into the house through courtyard gate, but gone into the house through courtyard gate, but gone into the house through courtyard gate, but gone into the house through

a different door. a different door. a different door. a different door. OOOOnly a sage would not differ nly a sage would not differ nly a sage would not differ nly a sage would not differ

from Confucius.from Confucius.from Confucius.from Confucius.

6666


牛玄騂牛玄騂牛玄騂牛玄騂白白白白，，，，睟睟睟睟而而而而角角角角，，，，其其其其升升升升諸諸諸諸廟廟廟廟乎乎乎乎？？？？是是是是以君子以君子以君子以君子全全全全其其其其德德德德。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: OOOOnly completely black, red, and white oxen with nly completely black, red, and white oxen with nly completely black, red, and white oxen with nly completely black, red, and white oxen with

perfect horns can be offered up in the temple perfect horns can be offered up in the temple perfect horns can be offered up in the temple perfect horns can be offered up in the temple

for sacrifice! Therefore, a junzi perfects his for sacrifice! Therefore, a junzi perfects his for sacrifice! Therefore, a junzi perfects his for sacrifice! Therefore, a junzi perfects his

de.de.de.de.

7777


或或或或問問問問「「「「君子君子君子君子似似似似玉玉玉玉」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「純純純純淪溫潤淪溫潤淪溫潤淪溫潤，，，，柔柔柔柔而而而而堅堅堅堅，，，，玩玩玩玩而而而而

廉廉廉廉，，，，隊隊隊隊乎乎乎乎其其其其不可不可不可不可形形形形也也也也。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: The junzi resembles jade.Someone said: The junzi resembles jade.Someone said: The junzi resembles jade.Someone said: The junzi resembles jade.

Yangzi said: He is pure and rippled, warm and Yangzi said: He is pure and rippled, warm and Yangzi said: He is pure and rippled, warm and Yangzi said: He is pure and rippled, warm and

glossy, soft but solid, glossy, soft but solid, glossy, soft but solid, glossy, soft but solid, rounded but clean rounded but clean rounded but clean rounded but clean

edgededgededgededged————his depth cannot be described.his depth cannot be described.his depth cannot be described.his depth cannot be described.

8888


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「仲尼之仲尼之仲尼之仲尼之術術術術，，，，周周周周而而而而不不不不泰泰泰泰，，，，大大大大而而而而不不不不小小小小，，，，用用用用之之之之猶猶猶猶牛牛牛牛

鼠鼠鼠鼠也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「仲尼之道仲尼之道仲尼之道仲尼之道，，，，猶猶猶猶四四四四瀆也瀆也瀆也瀆也，，，，經經經經營營營營中國中國中國中國，，，，終終終終

入入入入大大大大海海海海。。。。它它它它人之道人之道人之道人之道者者者者，，，，西西西西北北北北之之之之流流流流也也也也，，，，綱紀綱紀綱紀綱紀夷貊夷貊夷貊夷貊，，，，或或或或入入入入

於於於於沱沱沱沱，，，，或或或或淪淪淪淪於漢於漢於漢於漢。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: Confucius's teaching is all Someone said: Confucius's teaching is all Someone said: Confucius's teaching is all Someone said: Confucius's teaching is all

encompassing but impenetrable, grand but not encompassing but impenetrable, grand but not encompassing but impenetrable, grand but not encompassing but impenetrable, grand but not

adaptable to small affairs. To practice it adaptable to small affairs. To practice it adaptable to small affairs. To practice it adaptable to small affairs. To practice it

would be like using an ox to catch a mouse.would be like using an ox to catch a mouse.would be like using an ox to catch a mouse.would be like using an ox to catch a mouse.

Yangzi said: Confucius's dao is like the four Yangzi said: Confucius's dao is like the four Yangzi said: Confucius's dao is like the four Yangzi said: Confucius's dao is like the four

riversriversriversrivers;;;; they pass through all the Central they pass through all the Central they pass through all the Central they pass through all the Central

KKKKingdom, and finally enter the greatingdom, and finally enter the greatingdom, and finally enter the greatingdom, and finally enter the great ocean. ocean. ocean. ocean.

OOOOther masters' daos are like the streams of the ther masters' daos are like the streams of the ther masters' daos are like the streams of the ther masters' daos are like the streams of the

far Northwestfar Northwestfar Northwestfar Northwest;;;; they flow through the lands of they flow through the lands of they flow through the lands of they flow through the lands of

the the Yi and Mo barbarians, some entering the the the Yi and Mo barbarians, some entering the the the Yi and Mo barbarians, some entering the the the Yi and Mo barbarians, some entering the

Tuo Tuo Tuo Tuo RRRRiver, some flowing into in the Han iver, some flowing into in the Han iver, some flowing into in the Han iver, some flowing into in the Han RRRRiver.iver.iver.iver.

9999


淮南淮南淮南淮南說說說說之之之之用用用用，，，，不不不不如如如如太太太太史史史史公公公公之之之之用也用也用也用也。。。。太太太太史史史史公公公公，，，，聖人將有聖人將有聖人將有聖人將有

取取取取焉焉焉焉；；；；淮南淮南淮南淮南、、、、鮮鮮鮮鮮取取取取焉爾焉爾焉爾焉爾。。。。必也必也必也必也，，，，儒儒儒儒乎乎乎乎！！！！乍乍乍乍出出出出乍乍乍乍人人人人，，，，淮淮淮淮

南南南南也也也也；；；；文文文文麗麗麗麗用用用用寡寡寡寡，，，，長長長長卿卿卿卿也也也也；；；；多愛多愛多愛多愛不不不不忍忍忍忍，，，，子子子子長長長長也也也也。。。。仲尼仲尼仲尼仲尼

多愛多愛多愛多愛，，，，愛愛愛愛義義義義也也也也；；；；子子子子長長長長多愛多愛多愛多愛，，，，愛愛愛愛奇奇奇奇也也也也。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: The Huainanzi's teaching is not as the useful The Huainanzi's teaching is not as the useful The Huainanzi's teaching is not as the useful The Huainanzi's teaching is not as the useful

as the Shiji. In the Shiji, a sage will find as the Shiji. In the Shiji, a sage will find as the Shiji. In the Shiji, a sage will find as the Shiji. In the Shiji, a sage will find

things he can usethings he can usethings he can usethings he can use;;;; the Huainan rarely has the Huainan rarely has the Huainan rarely has the Huainan rarely has

things he can use. Inevithings he can use. Inevithings he can use. Inevithings he can use. Inevitably, what he selects tably, what he selects tably, what he selects tably, what he selects

to use must accord with the Confucian Dao! Now to use must accord with the Confucian Dao! Now to use must accord with the Confucian Dao! Now to use must accord with the Confucian Dao! Now

hehehehe』』』』s coming, now hes coming, now hes coming, now hes coming, now he』』』』s goings goings goings going————thatthatthatthat』』』』s the s the s the s the

Huainan. Elegant literature that is rarely Huainan. Elegant literature that is rarely Huainan. Elegant literature that is rarely Huainan. Elegant literature that is rarely

useful, thatuseful, thatuseful, thatuseful, that』』』』s Sima Xiangru. Having many s Sima Xiangru. Having many s Sima Xiangru. Having many s Sima Xiangru. Having many

interests and not content to leave out interests and not content to leave out interests and not content to leave out interests and not content to leave out

anythinganythinganythinganything————that was Sima Qthat was Sima Qthat was Sima Qthat was Sima Qian. Confucius had ian. Confucius had ian. Confucius had ian. Confucius had

many interests, but his interests all revolved many interests, but his interests all revolved many interests, but his interests all revolved many interests, but his interests all revolved

around yi. Sima Qian had many interests, but he around yi. Sima Qian had many interests, but he around yi. Sima Qian had many interests, but he around yi. Sima Qian had many interests, but he

was interested in the unusual.was interested in the unusual.was interested in the unusual.was interested in the unusual.

10101010


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「甚矣甚矣甚矣甚矣！！！！傳傳傳傳書書書書之不之不之不之不果果果果也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「不不不不果果果果則不則不則不則不果果果果

矣矣矣矣，，，，又又又又以以以以巫巫巫巫鼓鼓鼓鼓。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: Numerous indeed are the Someone said: Numerous indeed are the Someone said: Numerous indeed are the Someone said: Numerous indeed are the

falsehoods in the commentaries to the Classics!falsehoods in the commentaries to the Classics!falsehoods in the commentaries to the Classics!falsehoods in the commentaries to the Classics!

Yangzi said: If theyYangzi said: If theyYangzi said: If theyYangzi said: If they』』』』re false, theyre false, theyre false, theyre false, they』』』』re re re re

falsefalsefalsefalse————but worse, they also propagate the but worse, they also propagate the but worse, they also propagate the but worse, they also propagate the

drumming of shamans!drumming of shamans!drumming of shamans!drumming of shamans!

11111111


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言聖人之言，，，，炳炳炳炳若丹若丹若丹若丹青青青青，，，，有諸有諸有諸有諸？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「籲籲籲籲！！！！

是何是何是何是何言言言言與與與與？？？？丹丹丹丹青青青青初初初初則則則則炳炳炳炳，，，，久久久久則則則則渝渝渝渝。。。。渝渝渝渝乎乎乎乎哉哉哉哉？」？」？」？」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: The sageSomeone said: The sageSomeone said: The sageSomeone said: The sage』』』』s words are bright and s words are bright and s words are bright and s words are bright and

clear like red and green, are they notclear like red and green, are they notclear like red and green, are they notclear like red and green, are they not????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: UUUUgh! What sort of saying is that! gh! What sort of saying is that! gh! What sort of saying is that! gh! What sort of saying is that!

At first, red and green are bright and clear, At first, red and green are bright and clear, At first, red and green are bright and clear, At first, red and green are bright and clear,

but after time they fade. Do the sagebut after time they fade. Do the sagebut after time they fade. Do the sagebut after time they fade. Do the sage』』』』s words s words s words s words

fadefadefadefade????

12121212


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道聖人之道若若若若天天天天，，，，天則有天則有天則有天則有常常常常矣矣矣矣，，，，奚奚奚奚聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之多變多變多變多變

也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人聖人聖人聖人固固固固多變多變多變多變。。。。子子子子遊遊遊遊、、、、子子子子夏夏夏夏得其書矣得其書矣得其書矣得其書矣，，，，未未未未

得其所得其所得其所得其所以以以以書也書也書也書也；；；；宰宰宰宰我我我我、、、、子子子子貢貢貢貢得其得其得其得其言言言言矣矣矣矣，，，，未得其所未得其所未得其所未得其所以言以言以言以言

也也也也；；；；顏淵顏淵顏淵顏淵、、、、閔子騫閔子騫閔子騫閔子騫得其得其得其得其行行行行矣矣矣矣，，，，未得其所未得其所未得其所未得其所以行以行以行以行也也也也。。。。聖人聖人聖人聖人

之之之之書書書書、、、、言言言言、、、、行行行行，，，，天天天天也也也也。。。。天天天天其少其少其少其少變變變變乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: The Someone said: The Someone said: The Someone said: The sage's dao is like Tian. sage's dao is like Tian. sage's dao is like Tian. sage's dao is like Tian. BBBBut ut ut ut

if it is like Tian, then it should be constant. if it is like Tian, then it should be constant. if it is like Tian, then it should be constant. if it is like Tian, then it should be constant.

Why, then, the sage's many changesWhy, then, the sage's many changesWhy, then, the sage's many changesWhy, then, the sage's many changes????

Yangzi said: The sage indeed changes much. Yangzi said: The sage indeed changes much. Yangzi said: The sage indeed changes much. Yangzi said: The sage indeed changes much.

Ziyou and Zixia understood his writings, but Ziyou and Zixia understood his writings, but Ziyou and Zixia understood his writings, but Ziyou and Zixia understood his writings, but

they did not grasp why he wrote. Zai Wo and they did not grasp why he wrote. Zai Wo and they did not grasp why he wrote. Zai Wo and they did not grasp why he wrote. Zai Wo and

Zigong undeZigong undeZigong undeZigong understood his words, but they did not rstood his words, but they did not rstood his words, but they did not rstood his words, but they did not

grasp why he spoke. Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian grasp why he spoke. Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian grasp why he spoke. Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian grasp why he spoke. Yan Yuan and Min Ziqian

understood his actions, but they did not grasp understood his actions, but they did not grasp understood his actions, but they did not grasp understood his actions, but they did not grasp

why he acted. The sage's writings, words, and why he acted. The sage's writings, words, and why he acted. The sage's writings, words, and why he acted. The sage's writings, words, and

actions are Tian. How can it be that Tian actions are Tian. How can it be that Tian actions are Tian. How can it be that Tian actions are Tian. How can it be that Tian

rarely changesrarely changesrarely changesrarely changes????

13131313

君子君子君子君子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「聖人聖人聖人聖人自自自自恣恣恣恣與與與與？？？？何何何何言之言之言之言之多多多多端端端端也也也也。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「子子子子未未未未

睹禹睹禹睹禹睹禹之行之行之行之行水與水與水與水與？？？？一一一一東東東東一一一一北北北北，，，，行之無行之無行之無行之無礙礙礙礙也也也也。。。。君子之行君子之行君子之行君子之行，，，，

獨獨獨獨無無無無礙礙礙礙乎乎乎乎？？？？如何如何如何如何直直直直往也往也往也往也！！！！水水水水避避避避礙礙礙礙則則則則通通通通於於於於海海海海，，，，君子君子君子君子避避避避礙礙礙礙

則則則則通通通通於理於理於理於理。。。。」」」」

The The The The Junzi:Junzi:Junzi:Junzi: Someone said: Is the sage not selfSomeone said: Is the sage not selfSomeone said: Is the sage not selfSomeone said: Is the sage not self----indulgentindulgentindulgentindulgent????

Why do his words flow from so many fontsWhy do his words flow from so many fontsWhy do his words flow from so many fontsWhy do his words flow from so many fonts????

Yangzi said: Have you not seen how Yu made Yangzi said: Have you not seen how Yu made Yangzi said: Have you not seen how Yu made Yangzi said: Have you not seen how Yu made

water flowwater flowwater flowwater flow???? Sometimes east, sometimes north Sometimes east, sometimes north Sometimes east, sometimes north Sometimes east, sometimes north————

but always flowing without obstruction. How can but always flowing without obstruction. How can but always flowing without obstruction. How can but always flowing without obstruction. How can

the junzi's path alone be the junzi's path alone be the junzi's path alone be the junzi's path alone be without obstructionwithout obstructionwithout obstructionwithout obstruction????

How can he be directHow can he be directHow can he be directHow can he be direct???? If water avoids If water avoids If water avoids If water avoids

obstructions, then it reaches the sea. If a obstructions, then it reaches the sea. If a obstructions, then it reaches the sea. If a obstructions, then it reaches the sea. If a

junzi avoids obstructions, he will reach the junzi avoids obstructions, he will reach the junzi avoids obstructions, he will reach the junzi avoids obstructions, he will reach the

universal principle.universal principle.universal principle.universal principle.

14141414


君子君子君子君子好好好好人之人之人之人之好好好好，，，，而而而而忘己忘己忘己忘己之之之之好好好好；；；；小小小小人人人人好好好好己己己己之之之之惡惡惡惡，，，，而而而而忘忘忘忘人人人人

之之之之好好好好。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: The junzi likes what is good in others, and The junzi likes what is good in others, and The junzi likes what is good in others, and The junzi likes what is good in others, and

forgets about what is good in himselfforgets about what is good in himselfforgets about what is good in himselfforgets about what is good in himself;;;; the the the the

small man likes what is bad in himself and small man likes what is bad in himself and small man likes what is bad in himself and small man likes what is bad in himself and

forgets about what is good in others.forgets about what is good in others.forgets about what is good in others.forgets about what is good in others.

15151515

君子君子君子君子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「子於天下則子於天下則子於天下則子於天下則誰誰誰誰與與與與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「與夫進者與夫進者與夫進者與夫進者乎乎乎乎！」！」！」！」

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「貪貪貪貪夫夫夫夫位位位位也也也也，，，，慕慕慕慕夫夫夫夫祿祿祿祿也也也也，，，，何其與何其與何其與何其與？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「此此此此

貪貪貪貪也也也也，，，，非進也非進也非進也非進也。。。。夫進也者夫進也者夫進也者夫進也者，，，，進進進進於道於道於道於道，，，，慕慕慕慕於德於德於德於德，，，，殷殷殷殷之以之以之以之以

仁義仁義仁義仁義。。。。進而進進而進進而進進而進，，，，退退退退而而而而退退退退，，，，日日日日孳孳孳孳孳孳孳孳而而而而不不不不自自自自知知知知倦者也倦者也倦者也倦者也。。。。」」」」

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「進進進進進進進進則聞命則聞命則聞命則聞命矣矣矣矣，，，，請請請請問問問問退退退退進進進進。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔乎昔乎昔乎昔乎，，，，

顏淵以顏淵以顏淵以顏淵以退退退退為進為進為進為進，，，，天下天下天下天下鮮鮮鮮鮮儷儷儷儷焉焉焉焉。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「若此若此若此若此，，，，則則則則何何何何

少少少少於於於於必必必必退退退退也也也也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「必進易必進易必進易必進易儷儷儷儷，，，，必必必必退退退退易易易易儷儷儷儷也也也也。。。。進進進進以以以以

禮禮禮禮，，，，退退退退以義以義以義以義，，，，難難難難儷儷儷儷也也也也。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone saidSomeone saidSomeone saidSomeone said: : : : OOOOf whom in the world do you f whom in the world do you f whom in the world do you f whom in the world do you

approveapproveapproveapprove????

Yangzi said: I approve of those who advance.Yangzi said: I approve of those who advance.Yangzi said: I approve of those who advance.Yangzi said: I approve of those who advance.

The other said: Why do you approve of those who The other said: Why do you approve of those who The other said: Why do you approve of those who The other said: Why do you approve of those who

covet status and long for salarycovet status and long for salarycovet status and long for salarycovet status and long for salary????

Yangzi said: Coveting these is not what I mean Yangzi said: Coveting these is not what I mean Yangzi said: Coveting these is not what I mean Yangzi said: Coveting these is not what I mean

by advancing. Those who advance, advance inby advancing. Those who advance, advance inby advancing. Those who advance, advance inby advancing. Those who advance, advance in the the the the

Dao, long for de, and make themselves Dao, long for de, and make themselves Dao, long for de, and make themselves Dao, long for de, and make themselves

prosperous by means of ren and yi. They advance prosperous by means of ren and yi. They advance prosperous by means of ren and yi. They advance prosperous by means of ren and yi. They advance

in the Dao and advance in office, or they in the Dao and advance in office, or they in the Dao and advance in office, or they in the Dao and advance in office, or they

retire from office and advance in the Dao, retire from office and advance in the Dao, retire from office and advance in the Dao, retire from office and advance in the Dao,

every day being unceasing in their effort and every day being unceasing in their effort and every day being unceasing in their effort and every day being unceasing in their effort and

not knowing weariness.not knowing weariness.not knowing weariness.not knowing weariness.

The other sThe other sThe other sThe other said: Advancing in the Dao in order aid: Advancing in the Dao in order aid: Advancing in the Dao in order aid: Advancing in the Dao in order

to advance in office, this is hearing Tianto advance in office, this is hearing Tianto advance in office, this is hearing Tianto advance in office, this is hearing Tian』』』』s s s s

decree. decree. decree. decree. BBBBut may I ask about retiring and ut may I ask about retiring and ut may I ask about retiring and ut may I ask about retiring and

advancingadvancingadvancingadvancing????

Yangzi said: In the past Yan Yuan retired Yangzi said: In the past Yan Yuan retired Yangzi said: In the past Yan Yuan retired Yangzi said: In the past Yan Yuan retired [[[[from from from from

public lifepublic lifepublic lifepublic life]]]] in order to advance in the Dao. in order to advance in the Dao. in order to advance in the Dao. in order to advance in the Dao.

Among all under Heaven, this coAmong all under Heaven, this coAmong all under Heaven, this coAmong all under Heaven, this combination is mbination is mbination is mbination is

rare.rare.rare.rare.

The other said: If this is the case, then why The other said: If this is the case, then why The other said: If this is the case, then why The other said: If this is the case, then why

do you not advocate retiring in every do you not advocate retiring in every do you not advocate retiring in every do you not advocate retiring in every

situationsituationsituationsituation????

Yangzi said: Insisting on advancing and Yangzi said: Insisting on advancing and Yangzi said: Insisting on advancing and Yangzi said: Insisting on advancing and

advancing is an easy combination. Insisting on advancing is an easy combination. Insisting on advancing is an easy combination. Insisting on advancing is an easy combination. Insisting on

retiring and retiring is also an easy retiring and retiring is also an easy retiring and retiring is also an easy retiring and retiring is also an easy

combination. combination. combination. combination. BBBBut ut ut ut advancing according to li and advancing according to li and advancing according to li and advancing according to li and

retiring according to yiretiring according to yiretiring according to yiretiring according to yi————that is a difficult that is a difficult that is a difficult that is a difficult

combination!combination!combination!combination!

16161616


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「人有齊人有齊人有齊人有齊死死死死生生生生，，，，同同同同貧貧貧貧富富富富，，，，等等等等貴貴貴貴賤賤賤賤，，，，何如何如何如何如？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「作此者作此者作此者作此者，，，，其其其其有有有有懼懼懼懼乎乎乎乎？？？？信信信信死死死死生齊生齊生齊生齊，，，，貧貧貧貧富同富同富同富同，，，，貴貴貴貴賤賤賤賤

等等等等，，，，則吾以聖人則吾以聖人則吾以聖人則吾以聖人為為為為囂囂囂囂囂囂囂囂。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone said: Some people think that life and Someone said: Some people think that life and Someone said: Some people think that life and Someone said: Some people think that life and

death are equivalent, poverty and wealth are death are equivalent, poverty and wealth are death are equivalent, poverty and wealth are death are equivalent, poverty and wealth are

the same, and honor and lowliness are the same, and honor and lowliness are the same, and honor and lowliness are the same, and honor and lowliness are

indistinguishable. What do you think about indistinguishable. What do you think about indistinguishable. What do you think about indistinguishable. What do you think about

thatthatthatthat????

Yangzi said: Does someone who thinks this way Yangzi said: Does someone who thinks this way Yangzi said: Does someone who thinks this way Yangzi said: Does someone who thinks this way

have anything to fearhave anything to fearhave anything to fearhave anything to fear???? If I believed that life If I believed that life If I believed that life If I believed that life

and death are equivalent, poverty and wealth and death are equivalent, poverty and wealth and death are equivalent, poverty and wealth and death are equivalent, poverty and wealth

are the same, and honor and lowliness are are the same, and honor and lowliness are are the same, and honor and lowliness are are the same, and honor and lowliness are

indistinguishable, then I would think that the indistinguishable, then I would think that the indistinguishable, then I would think that the indistinguishable, then I would think that the

sage's dao was a bunch sage's dao was a bunch sage's dao was a bunch sage's dao was a bunch of frivolous nonsense.of frivolous nonsense.of frivolous nonsense.of frivolous nonsense.

17171717


通通通通天天天天、、、、地地地地、、、、人人人人曰儒曰儒曰儒曰儒，，，，通通通通天天天天、、、、地地地地而而而而不不不不通通通通人人人人曰曰曰曰伎伎伎伎。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven,

Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having

a penetrating understanding of Heaven and a penetrating understanding of Heaven and a penetrating understanding of Heaven and a penetrating understanding of Heaven and

Earth, but not understanding Man, is called Earth, but not understanding Man, is called Earth, but not understanding Man, is called Earth, but not understanding Man, is called

"clever.""clever.""clever.""clever."

18181818


人人人人必必必必先先先先作作作作，，，，然後人名之然後人名之然後人名之然後人名之；；；；先先先先求求求求，，，，然後人然後人然後人然後人與與與與之之之之。。。。人人人人必其必其必其必其

自愛自愛自愛自愛也也也也，，，，而而而而後人後人後人後人愛愛愛愛諸諸諸諸；；；；人人人人必其必其必其必其自自自自敬敬敬敬也也也也，，，，而而而而後人後人後人後人敬敬敬敬諸諸諸諸。。。。

自愛自愛自愛自愛，，，，仁之至仁之至仁之至仁之至也也也也。。。。自自自自敬敬敬敬，，，，禮之至禮之至禮之至禮之至也也也也。。。。未未未未有不有不有不有不自愛自愛自愛自愛敬敬敬敬而而而而

人人人人愛愛愛愛敬敬敬敬之之之之者也者也者也者也。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: A man must first act, then he will be A man must first act, then he will be A man must first act, then he will be A man must first act, then he will be

recognized. He must first seek, then it will be recognized. He must first seek, then it will be recognized. He must first seek, then it will be recognized. He must first seek, then it will be

given. A man must first love himselfgiven. A man must first love himselfgiven. A man must first love himselfgiven. A man must first love himself;;;;

thereafter others will love him. A man musthereafter others will love him. A man musthereafter others will love him. A man musthereafter others will love him. A man must t t t

first respect himselffirst respect himselffirst respect himselffirst respect himself;;;; thereafter, others will thereafter, others will thereafter, others will thereafter, others will

respect him. Loving oneself is the height of respect him. Loving oneself is the height of respect him. Loving oneself is the height of respect him. Loving oneself is the height of

ren. ren. ren. ren. RRRRespecting oneself is the height of li. especting oneself is the height of li. especting oneself is the height of li. especting oneself is the height of li.

There has never been a case of a man who did There has never been a case of a man who did There has never been a case of a man who did There has never been a case of a man who did

not love and respect himself, yet others loved not love and respect himself, yet others loved not love and respect himself, yet others loved not love and respect himself, yet others loved

and respected him.and respected him.and respected him.and respected him.

19191919


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「龍龍龍龍、、、、龜龜龜龜、、、、鴻鴻鴻鴻、、、、鵠鵠鵠鵠不不不不亦亦亦亦壽壽壽壽乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「壽壽壽壽。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「人可人可人可人可壽壽壽壽乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「物物物物以以以以其其其其性性性性，，，，人以人以人以人以其其其其仁仁仁仁。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: Do the Someone asked: Do the Someone asked: Do the Someone asked: Do the dragon, the turtle, and dragon, the turtle, and dragon, the turtle, and dragon, the turtle, and

the wild swan not live longthe wild swan not live longthe wild swan not live longthe wild swan not live long????

Yangzi said: They do.Yangzi said: They do.Yangzi said: They do.Yangzi said: They do.

The other said: Can people live longThe other said: Can people live longThe other said: Can people live longThe other said: Can people live long????

Yangzi said: Such animals live long because of Yangzi said: Such animals live long because of Yangzi said: Such animals live long because of Yangzi said: Such animals live long because of

their nature. People live long because of their their nature. People live long because of their their nature. People live long because of their their nature. People live long because of their

ren.ren.ren.ren.

20202020


或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「人言人言人言人言仙仙仙仙者者者者，，，，有諸乎有諸乎有諸乎有諸乎？」「？」「？」「？」「籲籲籲籲，，，，吾聞吾聞吾聞吾聞虙虙虙虙羲羲羲羲、、、、神神神神

農農農農歿歿歿歿，，，，黃黃黃黃帝帝帝帝、、、、堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜殂殂殂殂落落落落而死而死而死而死，，，，文文文文王王王王，，，，畢畢畢畢；；；；孔子孔子孔子孔子，，，，魯魯魯魯

城城城城之之之之北北北北。。。。獨獨獨獨子子子子愛愛愛愛其死其死其死其死乎乎乎乎？？？？非非非非人之人之人之人之所所所所及及及及也也也也。。。。仙仙仙仙亦亦亦亦無無無無益益益益子子子子

之之之之匯匯匯匯矣矣矣矣！」！」！」！」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「聖人不聖人不聖人不聖人不師師師師仙仙仙仙，，，，厥厥厥厥術異也術異也術異也術異也。。。。聖人之聖人之聖人之聖人之

於天下於天下於天下於天下，，，，恥恥恥恥一一一一物物物物之不知之不知之不知之不知；；；；仙仙仙仙人之於天下人之於天下人之於天下人之於天下，，，，恥恥恥恥一一一一日日日日之不之不之不之不

生生生生。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「生乎生乎生乎生乎！！！！生乎生乎生乎生乎！！！！名生名生名生名生而而而而實實實實死也死也死也死也。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: People speak of immortals. Do Someone asked: People speak of immortals. Do Someone asked: People speak of immortals. Do Someone asked: People speak of immortals. Do

they existthey existthey existthey exist????

Yangzi sighed, saying: I have heard that Fu Xi Yangzi sighed, saying: I have heard that Fu Xi Yangzi sighed, saying: I have heard that Fu Xi Yangzi sighed, saying: I have heard that Fu Xi

and Shen Nong diedand Shen Nong diedand Shen Nong diedand Shen Nong died;;;; that that that that Huangdi, Yao, and Shun Huangdi, Yao, and Shun Huangdi, Yao, and Shun Huangdi, Yao, and Shun

also passed awayalso passed awayalso passed awayalso passed away;;;; that that that that KKKKing Wen was buried at ing Wen was buried at ing Wen was buried at ing Wen was buried at

BBBBiiii;;;; and that Confucius was buried north of the and that Confucius was buried north of the and that Confucius was buried north of the and that Confucius was buried north of the

Lu walls. Do you alone begrudge your deathLu walls. Do you alone begrudge your deathLu walls. Do you alone begrudge your deathLu walls. Do you alone begrudge your death???? It It It It

is not something that men can do anything is not something that men can do anything is not something that men can do anything is not something that men can do anything

about. Indeed, immortality is of no benefit to about. Indeed, immortality is of no benefit to about. Indeed, immortality is of no benefit to about. Indeed, immortality is of no benefit to

mankmankmankmankind.ind.ind.ind.

The other said: Sages do not study the The other said: Sages do not study the The other said: Sages do not study the The other said: Sages do not study the

immortals, their skills are different. The immortals, their skills are different. The immortals, their skills are different. The immortals, their skills are different. The

sage's relation to the world is such that he is sage's relation to the world is such that he is sage's relation to the world is such that he is sage's relation to the world is such that he is

ashamed if there is one thing that he does not ashamed if there is one thing that he does not ashamed if there is one thing that he does not ashamed if there is one thing that he does not

understand. For the immortal, he is ashamed understand. For the immortal, he is ashamed understand. For the immortal, he is ashamed understand. For the immortal, he is ashamed

that there is a single day thathat there is a single day thathat there is a single day thathat there is a single day that he does not t he does not t he does not t he does not

live.live.live.live.

Yangzi said: LifeYangzi said: LifeYangzi said: LifeYangzi said: Life???? It is called It is called It is called It is called 「「「「life,life,life,life,」」」」 but but but but

it is really death.it is really death.it is really death.it is really death.

或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「世世世世無無無無仙仙仙仙，，，，則則則則焉得斯焉得斯焉得斯焉得斯語語語語？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰，，，，「「「「語語語語乎乎乎乎者者者者，，，，非非非非

囂囂囂囂囂囂囂囂也與也與也與也與？？？？惟惟惟惟囂囂囂囂囂囂囂囂為能使為能使為能使為能使無無無無為為為為有有有有。。。。」」」」或或或或問問問問「「「「仙仙仙仙之之之之

實實實實」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「無以無以無以無以為也為也為也為也，，，，有有有有與與與與無無無無，，，，非非非非問問問問也也也也。。。。問問問問也者也者也者也者，，，，

忠忠忠忠孝之問孝之問孝之問孝之問也也也也。。。。忠忠忠忠臣孝子臣孝子臣孝子臣孝子，，，，偟偟偟偟乎不乎不乎不乎不偟偟偟偟。。。。」」」」

The other said: If the world does not have The other said: If the world does not have The other said: If the world does not have The other said: If the world does not have

immortals, then where does talk of them come immortals, then where does talk of them come immortals, then where does talk of them come immortals, then where does talk of them come

fromfromfromfrom????

Yangzi said: IsnYangzi said: IsnYangzi said: IsnYangzi said: Isn』』』』t the talk of immortals just t the talk of immortals just t the talk of immortals just t the talk of immortals just

a bunch a bunch a bunch a bunch of frivolous nonsenseof frivolous nonsenseof frivolous nonsenseof frivolous nonsense???? OOOOnly that sort nly that sort nly that sort nly that sort

of nonsense is able to make something out of of nonsense is able to make something out of of nonsense is able to make something out of of nonsense is able to make something out of

nothing.nothing.nothing.nothing.

The other asked: What is the truth regarding The other asked: What is the truth regarding The other asked: What is the truth regarding The other asked: What is the truth regarding

immortalsimmortalsimmortalsimmortals????

Yangzi said: There is nothing to say. Whether Yangzi said: There is nothing to say. Whether Yangzi said: There is nothing to say. Whether Yangzi said: There is nothing to say. Whether

they exist or not is not a question that you they exist or not is not a question that you they exist or not is not a question that you they exist or not is not a question that you

should be concernshould be concernshould be concernshould be concerned with. The questions you ed with. The questions you ed with. The questions you ed with. The questions you

ought to ask about concern loyalty and filial ought to ask about concern loyalty and filial ought to ask about concern loyalty and filial ought to ask about concern loyalty and filial

devotion. Do loyal ministers and filial sons devotion. Do loyal ministers and filial sons devotion. Do loyal ministers and filial sons devotion. Do loyal ministers and filial sons

have the leisure to ask about such thingshave the leisure to ask about such thingshave the leisure to ask about such thingshave the leisure to ask about such things???? They They They They

do not.do not.do not.do not.

21212121

君子君子君子君子卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「壽壽壽壽可可可可益益益益乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「德德德德。。。。」」」」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「回回回回、、、、牛牛牛牛之之之之

行德行德行德行德矣矣矣矣，，，，曷曷曷曷壽壽壽壽之不之不之不之不益也益也益也益也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「德德德德，，，，故爾故爾故爾故爾。。。。如回如回如回如回之之之之

殘殘殘殘，，，，牛牛牛牛之之之之賊也賊也賊也賊也，，，，焉得爾焉得爾焉得爾焉得爾？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「殘殘殘殘，，，，賊或賊或賊或賊或壽壽壽壽。。。。」」」」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「彼彼彼彼妄妄妄妄也也也也，，，，君子不君子不君子不君子不妄妄妄妄。。。。」」」」

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: Someone asked: Can a person's longevity be Someone asked: Can a person's longevity be Someone asked: Can a person's longevity be Someone asked: Can a person's longevity be

extendedextendedextendedextended????

Yangzi saiYangzi saiYangzi saiYangzi said: d: d: d: BBBBy means of de.y means of de.y means of de.y means of de.

The other said: Yan Hui and The other said: Yan Hui and The other said: Yan Hui and The other said: Yan Hui and RRRRan Geng's conduct an Geng's conduct an Geng's conduct an Geng's conduct

were de. Why was their longevity not extendedwere de. Why was their longevity not extendedwere de. Why was their longevity not extendedwere de. Why was their longevity not extended????

Yangzi said: De is like this. If Yan Hui and Yangzi said: De is like this. If Yan Hui and Yangzi said: De is like this. If Yan Hui and Yangzi said: De is like this. If Yan Hui and

RRRRan Geng had been cruel and cunning, would they an Geng had been cruel and cunning, would they an Geng had been cruel and cunning, would they an Geng had been cruel and cunning, would they

have thus been thus rememberedhave thus been thus rememberedhave thus been thus rememberedhave thus been thus remembered????

The other said: YeThe other said: YeThe other said: YeThe other said: Yes, sometimes the cruel and s, sometimes the cruel and s, sometimes the cruel and s, sometimes the cruel and

cunning have long life.cunning have long life.cunning have long life.cunning have long life.

Yangzi said: They are reckless. Yangzi said: They are reckless. Yangzi said: They are reckless. Yangzi said: They are reckless. BBBBut the junzi ut the junzi ut the junzi ut the junzi

is not reckless.is not reckless.is not reckless.is not reckless.

22222222


有生有生有生有生者必者必者必者必有有有有死死死死，，，，有有有有始始始始者必者必者必者必有終有終有終有終，，，，自自自自然之道然之道然之道然之道也也也也。。。。

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: That which lives inevitably must die. That That which lives inevitably must die. That That which lives inevitably must die. That That which lives inevitably must die. That

which has a beginning which has a beginning which has a beginning which has a beginning inevitably has an end. inevitably has an end. inevitably has an end. inevitably has an end.

This is the dao of Nature.This is the dao of Nature.This is the dao of Nature.This is the dao of Nature.

23232323


君子君子君子君子忠忠忠忠人人人人，，，，況況況況己己己己乎乎乎乎？？？？小小小小人人人人欺欺欺欺己己己己，，，，況況況況人乎人乎人乎人乎？？？？

The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi:The Junzi: The junzi is honest with othersThe junzi is honest with othersThe junzi is honest with othersThe junzi is honest with others————how much more how much more how much more how much more

so with himself! The petty man deceives so with himself! The petty man deceives so with himself! The petty man deceives so with himself! The petty man deceives

himselfhimselfhimselfhimself————how much more so does he deceive how much more so does he deceive how much more so does he deceive how much more so does he deceive

others!others!others!others!

《《《《孝至孝至孝至孝至卷第十卷第十卷第十卷第十三三三三 ---- The Priority of Filial DevotionThe Priority of Filial DevotionThe Priority of Filial DevotionThe Priority of Filial Devotion》》》》

[[[[????]]]]

1111

孝至孝至孝至孝至卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

孝孝孝孝，，，，至至至至矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！一言一言一言一言而而而而該該該該，，，，聖人不聖人不聖人不聖人不加加加加焉焉焉焉。。。。

The Priority The Priority The Priority The Priority

of Filial...:of Filial...:of Filial...:of Filial...:

Filial devotion is the highest priority! In Filial devotion is the highest priority! In Filial devotion is the highest priority! In Filial devotion is the highest priority! In

this one word all is complete, this one word all is complete, this one word all is complete, this one word all is complete, [[[[eveneveneveneven]]]] the the the the

sage sage sage sage [[[[cannotcannotcannotcannot]]]] add to it! add to it! add to it! add to it!

2222


父母父母父母父母，，，，子之天地子之天地子之天地子之天地與與與與？？？？無天無天無天無天何何何何生生生生？？？？無地無地無地無地何何何何形形形形？？？？天地天地天地天地裕裕裕裕

於萬於萬於萬於萬物物物物乎乎乎乎？？？？萬萬萬萬物物物物裕裕裕裕於天地乎於天地乎於天地乎於天地乎？？？？裕裕裕裕父母父母父母父母之之之之裕裕裕裕，，，，不不不不裕裕裕裕

矣矣矣矣。。。。事事事事父母父母父母父母自自自自知不知不知不知不足者足者足者足者，，，，其舜其舜其舜其舜乎乎乎乎？？？？


of of of of Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:

The father and mother are the child's Heaven The father and mother are the child's Heaven The father and mother are the child's Heaven The father and mother are the child's Heaven

and Earth. Without Heaven, how is one bornand Earth. Without Heaven, how is one bornand Earth. Without Heaven, how is one bornand Earth. Without Heaven, how is one born????

Without Earth, how is one formedWithout Earth, how is one formedWithout Earth, how is one formedWithout Earth, how is one formed???? Are Heaven Are Heaven Are Heaven Are Heaven

and Earth generous to the ten thousand and Earth generous to the ten thousand and Earth generous to the ten thousand and Earth generous to the ten thousand

things, or are the ten thousand things things, or are the ten thousand things things, or are the ten thousand things things, or are the ten thousand things

generous to Heaven and Earthgenerous to Heaven and Earthgenerous to Heaven and Earthgenerous to Heaven and Earth???? The The The The

「「「「generositygenerositygenerositygenerosity」」」」 of being generous to ones of being generous to ones of being generous to ones of being generous to ones

father and mother is not father and mother is not father and mother is not father and mother is not 「「「「generosity!generosity!generosity!generosity!」」」」 OOOOne ne ne ne

who served his father and mother and yet knew who served his father and mother and yet knew who served his father and mother and yet knew who served his father and mother and yet knew

in himself that it was not enoughin himself that it was not enoughin himself that it was not enoughin himself that it was not enough————wasnwasnwasnwasn』』』』t t t t

this Shunthis Shunthis Shunthis Shun????

3333


不可不可不可不可得而久者得而久者得而久者得而久者，，，，事親之事親之事親之事親之謂也謂也謂也謂也。。。。孝子孝子孝子孝子愛愛愛愛日日日日。。。。



That which cannot be prolonged enoughThat which cannot be prolonged enoughThat which cannot be prolonged enoughThat which cannot be prolonged enough————this this this this

is called serving oneis called serving oneis called serving oneis called serving one』』』』s parents. A filial s parents. A filial s parents. A filial s parents. A filial

son values each day he hason values each day he hason values each day he hason values each day he has with them.s with them.s with them.s with them.

4444


孝子有孝子有孝子有孝子有祭祭祭祭乎乎乎乎？？？？有齊乎有齊乎有齊乎有齊乎？？？？夫能夫能夫能夫能存存存存亡亡亡亡形形形形，，，，屬屬屬屬荒荒荒荒絕絕絕絕者者者者，，，，惟惟惟惟

齊齊齊齊也也也也。。。。故故故故孝子之於齊孝子之於齊孝子之於齊孝子之於齊，，，，見見見見父母父母父母父母之之之之存存存存也也也也，，，，是是是是以以以以祭祭祭祭不不不不

賓賓賓賓。。。。人人人人而而而而不不不不祭祭祭祭，，，，豺豺豺豺獺獺獺獺乎乎乎乎！！！！



Does a filial son not make offerings to his Does a filial son not make offerings to his Does a filial son not make offerings to his Does a filial son not make offerings to his

ancestorsancestorsancestorsancestors???? Does he not fast Does he not fast Does he not fast Does he not fast???? Now, only Now, only Now, only Now, only

through the fast is one able to make the through the fast is one able to make the through the fast is one able to make the through the fast is one able to make the

deceased's image survive and feel connected deceased's image survive and feel connected deceased's image survive and feel connected deceased's image survive and feel connected

to those who are gone. Thus, in fasting a to those who are gone. Thus, in fasting a to those who are gone. Thus, in fasting a to those who are gone. Thus, in fasting a

filial son preserves a vision offilial son preserves a vision offilial son preserves a vision offilial son preserves a vision of his father his father his father his father

and mother. and mother. and mother. and mother. BBBBecause of this, during the fast, ecause of this, during the fast, ecause of this, during the fast, ecause of this, during the fast,

one does not take guests. Men who do not make one does not take guests. Men who do not make one does not take guests. Men who do not make one does not take guests. Men who do not make

offerings to their ancestors, are they even offerings to their ancestors, are they even offerings to their ancestors, are they even offerings to their ancestors, are they even

as good as jackals and ottersas good as jackals and ottersas good as jackals and ottersas good as jackals and otters????

5555


或或或或問問問問「「「「子子子子」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「死死死死生生生生盡盡盡盡禮禮禮禮，，，，可可可可謂能謂能謂能謂能子乎子乎子乎子乎！」！」！」！」



Someone asked about being a son.Someone asked about being a son.Someone asked about being a son.Someone asked about being a son.

Yangzi said: If one exhausts li both during Yangzi said: If one exhausts li both during Yangzi said: If one exhausts li both during Yangzi said: If one exhausts li both during

his parentshis parentshis parentshis parents life and after their death, then life and after their death, then life and after their death, then life and after their death, then

may he not be referred to as a capable sonmay he not be referred to as a capable sonmay he not be referred to as a capable sonmay he not be referred to as a capable son????

6666 孝至孝至孝至孝至卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「石石石石奮奮奮奮、、、、石石石石建建建建，，，，父父父父子之子之子之子之美美美美也也也也。。。。無無無無是是是是父父父父，，，，無無無無是是是是

子子子子；；；；無無無無是是是是子子子子，，，，無無無無是是是是父父父父。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「必也必也必也必也，，，，兩兩兩兩乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「與堯與堯與堯與堯無子無子無子無子，，，，舜舜舜舜無無無無父父父父，，，，不不不不如堯如堯如堯如堯父父父父舜舜舜舜子子子子也也也也。。。。」」」」



Yangzi said: Shi Fen and Shi Jian were the Yangzi said: Shi Fen and Shi Jian were the Yangzi said: Shi Fen and Shi Jian were the Yangzi said: Shi Fen and Shi Jian were the

perfect father and son. Without this father, perfect father and son. Without this father, perfect father and son. Without this father, perfect father and son. Without this father,

there would not have been such a son. Without there would not have been such a son. Without there would not have been such a son. Without there would not have been such a son. Without

this son, there would not hathis son, there would not hathis son, there would not hathis son, there would not have been such a ve been such a ve been such a ve been such a

father.father.father.father.

Someone said: Must there be bothSomeone said: Must there be bothSomeone said: Must there be bothSomeone said: Must there be both????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: RRRRather than Yao not having a son ather than Yao not having a son ather than Yao not having a son ather than Yao not having a son

and Shun not having a father, it would have and Shun not having a father, it would have and Shun not having a father, it would have and Shun not having a father, it would have

been better had Yao been the father and Shun been better had Yao been the father and Shun been better had Yao been the father and Shun been better had Yao been the father and Shun

the son.the son.the son.the son.

7777

孝至孝至孝至孝至卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 「「「「子有子有子有子有含菽縕含菽縕含菽縕含菽縕絮絮絮絮而而而而致致致致滋滋滋滋美美美美其其其其親親親親，，，，將以將以將以將以求求求求孝孝孝孝也也也也。。。。人人人人曰曰曰曰

偽偽偽偽，，，，如如如如之之之之何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「假假假假儒儒儒儒衣衣衣衣書書書書，，，，服服服服而而而而讀讀讀讀之之之之，，，，三三三三月月月月

不不不不歸歸歸歸，，，，孰曰非儒也孰曰非儒也孰曰非儒也孰曰非儒也？」？」？」？」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「何何何何以以以以處處處處偽偽偽偽？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「有人則有人則有人則有人則作作作作，，，，無人則無人則無人則無人則輟輟輟輟之之之之謂謂謂謂偽偽偽偽。。。。觀觀觀觀人人人人者者者者，，，，審其作輟審其作輟審其作輟審其作輟

而已矣而已矣而已矣而已矣。。。。」」」」



A son eats A son eats A son eats A son eats coarse food and wears tattered coarse food and wears tattered coarse food and wears tattered coarse food and wears tattered

clothing while he gives the good food and clothing while he gives the good food and clothing while he gives the good food and clothing while he gives the good food and

beautiful clothing to his parents, because he beautiful clothing to his parents, because he beautiful clothing to his parents, because he beautiful clothing to his parents, because he

seeks to be filial. If some say he is a seeks to be filial. If some say he is a seeks to be filial. If some say he is a seeks to be filial. If some say he is a

phony, what can be done about itphony, what can be done about itphony, what can be done about itphony, what can be done about it????

Yangzi said: Suppose he wore a ruYangzi said: Suppose he wore a ruYangzi said: Suppose he wore a ruYangzi said: Suppose he wore a ru』』』』s robes s robes s robes s robes

and read the Confuciaand read the Confuciaand read the Confuciaand read the Confucian books for three months n books for three months n books for three months n books for three months

without any lapse. Who would say he was not a without any lapse. Who would say he was not a without any lapse. Who would say he was not a without any lapse. Who would say he was not a

rurururu????

The other said: How can you tell if he is a The other said: How can you tell if he is a The other said: How can you tell if he is a The other said: How can you tell if he is a

phonyphonyphonyphony????

Yangzi said: If he does it when others are Yangzi said: If he does it when others are Yangzi said: If he does it when others are Yangzi said: If he does it when others are

around, but stops when others are not around, around, but stops when others are not around, around, but stops when others are not around, around, but stops when others are not around,

then he can be called phony. In observingthen he can be called phony. In observingthen he can be called phony. In observingthen he can be called phony. In observing

people, simply examine when they act and when people, simply examine when they act and when people, simply examine when they act and when people, simply examine when they act and when

they stop, and thatthey stop, and thatthey stop, and thatthey stop, and that』』』』s all.s all.s all.s all.

8888


不不不不為為為為名之名名之名名之名名之名，，，，其其其其至至至至矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！為為為為名之名名之名名之名名之名，，，，其次也其次也其次也其次也。。。。



The good reputation that one makes without The good reputation that one makes without The good reputation that one makes without The good reputation that one makes without

seeking is best. The reputation one makes by seeking is best. The reputation one makes by seeking is best. The reputation one makes by seeking is best. The reputation one makes by

seeking after it is merely second best.seeking after it is merely second best.seeking after it is merely second best.seeking after it is merely second best.

9999


或或或或問問問問「「「「忠忠忠忠言言言言嘉嘉嘉嘉謀謀謀謀」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「言言言言合合合合稷稷稷稷、、、、契契契契之之之之謂謂謂謂忠忠忠忠，，，，謀謀謀謀

合合合合臯陶臯陶臯陶臯陶之之之之謂謂謂謂嘉嘉嘉嘉。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「邵邵邵邵如如如如之之之之何何何何？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「亦亦亦亦

勖勖勖勖之之之之而已而已而已而已，，，，庳庳庳庳則則則則秦秦秦秦、、、、儀儀儀儀、、、、鞅鞅鞅鞅、、、、斯亦斯亦斯亦斯亦忠忠忠忠嘉嘉嘉嘉矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: What are loyal words and Someone asked: What are loyal words and Someone asked: What are loyal words and Someone asked: What are loyal words and

excellent plansexcellent plansexcellent plansexcellent plans????

Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi Yangzi said: Words that accord with those of said: Words that accord with those of said: Words that accord with those of said: Words that accord with those of

Hou Ji and Zi Xie's are referred to as loya1. Hou Ji and Zi Xie's are referred to as loya1. Hou Ji and Zi Xie's are referred to as loya1. Hou Ji and Zi Xie's are referred to as loya1.

Plans that accord with those of Gao Yao are Plans that accord with those of Gao Yao are Plans that accord with those of Gao Yao are Plans that accord with those of Gao Yao are

referred to as excellent.referred to as excellent.referred to as excellent.referred to as excellent.

The other said: What if this standard is too The other said: What if this standard is too The other said: What if this standard is too The other said: What if this standard is too

loftyloftyloftylofty????

Yangzi said: Indeed, one must simply be Yangzi said: Indeed, one must simply be Yangzi said: Indeed, one must simply be Yangzi said: Indeed, one must simply be

diligent adiligent adiligent adiligent and that's all. If the standard were nd that's all. If the standard were nd that's all. If the standard were nd that's all. If the standard were

lower, then Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Shang Yang, and lower, then Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Shang Yang, and lower, then Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Shang Yang, and lower, then Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Shang Yang, and

Li Si would also be considered loyal and Li Si would also be considered loyal and Li Si would also be considered loyal and Li Si would also be considered loyal and

excellent.excellent.excellent.excellent.

10101010


堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜之道之道之道之道皇皇皇皇兮兮兮兮，，，，夏夏夏夏、、、、殷殷殷殷、、、、周之道將周之道將周之道將周之道將兮兮兮兮，，，，而而而而以以以以延延延延其其其其

光光光光兮兮兮兮。。。。或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「何謂也何謂也何謂也何謂也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「堯堯堯堯、、、、舜舜舜舜以以以以其其其其讓讓讓讓，，，，

夏夏夏夏以以以以其其其其功功功功，，，，殷殷殷殷、、、、周以周以周以周以其其其其伐伐伐伐。。。。」」」」



The dao of Yao and Shun was august!The dao of Yao and Shun was august!The dao of Yao and Shun was august!The dao of Yao and Shun was august!

The dao of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou was The dao of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou was The dao of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou was The dao of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou was

magnificent!magnificent!magnificent!magnificent!

Thus their glory lives on!Thus their glory lives on!Thus their glory lives on!Thus their glory lives on!

The other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you meanThe other said: What do you mean????

Yangzi said: Yao and Shun were glorious by Yangzi said: Yao and Shun were glorious by Yangzi said: Yao and Shun were glorious by Yangzi said: Yao and Shun were glorious by

means of abdicating the throne. The Xia were means of abdicating the throne. The Xia were means of abdicating the throne. The Xia were means of abdicating the throne. The Xia were

glorious because of their meritorious deeds, glorious because of their meritorious deeds, glorious because of their meritorious deeds, glorious because of their meritorious deeds,

and the Yin and Zhou because of their and the Yin and Zhou because of their and the Yin and Zhou because of their and the Yin and Zhou because of their

righteous military campaigns.righteous military campaigns.righteous military campaigns.righteous military campaigns.

11111111


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「食如食如食如食如蟻蟻蟻蟻，，，，衣衣衣衣如如如如華華華華，，，，朱朱朱朱輪駟輪駟輪駟輪駟馬馬馬馬，，，，金朱金朱金朱金朱煌煌煌煌煌煌煌煌，，，，

無無無無已已已已泰泰泰泰乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「由由由由其其其其德德德德，，，，舜舜舜舜、、、、禹禹禹禹受受受受天下不天下不天下不天下不為為為為

泰泰泰泰。。。。不不不不由由由由其其其其德德德德，，，，五五五五兩兩兩兩之之之之綸綸綸綸，，，，半通半通半通半通之之之之銅銅銅銅，，，，亦亦亦亦泰泰泰泰矣矣矣矣。。。。」」」」



Someone said: Food as delicate and finely Someone said: Food as delicate and finely Someone said: Food as delicate and finely Someone said: Food as delicate and finely

prepared as little ants, robes as beautiful prepared as little ants, robes as beautiful prepared as little ants, robes as beautiful prepared as little ants, robes as beautiful

as paintings, a vermilion wheeled fouras paintings, a vermilion wheeled fouras paintings, a vermilion wheeled fouras paintings, a vermilion wheeled four----horse horse horse horse

chariot, and a glittering goldchariot, and a glittering goldchariot, and a glittering goldchariot, and a glittering gold seal with the seal with the seal with the seal with the

vermilion silk ribbonsvermilion silk ribbonsvermilion silk ribbonsvermilion silk ribbons————is this not is this not is this not is this not

excessiveexcessiveexcessiveexcessive????

Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: Yangzi said: BBBBecause of their de, Shun and ecause of their de, Shun and ecause of their de, Shun and ecause of their de, Shun and

Yu's inheritance of all under Heaven was not Yu's inheritance of all under Heaven was not Yu's inheritance of all under Heaven was not Yu's inheritance of all under Heaven was not

excessiveexcessiveexcessiveexcessive;;;; but if it is not because of one's but if it is not because of one's but if it is not because of one's but if it is not because of one's

de, then even five strands of silk and the de, then even five strands of silk and the de, then even five strands of silk and the de, then even five strands of silk and the

copper seal of thecopper seal of thecopper seal of thecopper seal of the lowest office is still too lowest office is still too lowest office is still too lowest office is still too

excessive.excessive.excessive.excessive.

12121212


天下天下天下天下通通通通道五道五道五道五，，，，所所所所以行之一以行之一以行之一以行之一，，，，曰曰曰曰勉勉勉勉。。。。


of of of of Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:

The world is penetrated by five daos, but The world is penetrated by five daos, but The world is penetrated by five daos, but The world is penetrated by five daos, but

there is only one means by which to walk on there is only one means by which to walk on there is only one means by which to walk on there is only one means by which to walk on

themthemthemthem————it is called diligence.it is called diligence.it is called diligence.it is called diligence.

13131313


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「力力力力有有有有扛扛扛扛洪鼎洪鼎洪鼎洪鼎，，，，揭揭揭揭華華華華旗旗旗旗。。。。智智智智德德德德亦亦亦亦有之乎有之乎有之乎有之乎？」？」？」？」

曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「百人百人百人百人矣矣矣矣。。。。德德德德諧頑嚚諧頑嚚諧頑嚚諧頑嚚，，，，讓讓讓讓萬國萬國萬國萬國，，，，知情天地知情天地知情天地知情天地，，，，形形形形

不測不測不測不測，，，，百人乎百人乎百人乎百人乎？」？」？」？」



Someone said: As for Someone said: As for Someone said: As for Someone said: As for physical strength, there physical strength, there physical strength, there physical strength, there

are those who can carry a massive ritual are those who can carry a massive ritual are those who can carry a massive ritual are those who can carry a massive ritual

cauldron or raise military flags. In terms of cauldron or raise military flags. In terms of cauldron or raise military flags. In terms of cauldron or raise military flags. In terms of

wisdom and de, are there not also those who wisdom and de, are there not also those who wisdom and de, are there not also those who wisdom and de, are there not also those who

compare in this waycompare in this waycompare in this waycompare in this way????

Yangzi said: These are merely cases of one Yangzi said: These are merely cases of one Yangzi said: These are merely cases of one Yangzi said: These are merely cases of one

man being like a hundred. De that alman being like a hundred. De that alman being like a hundred. De that alman being like a hundred. De that allows one lows one lows one lows one

to harmonize with the stupid and foolish, and to harmonize with the stupid and foolish, and to harmonize with the stupid and foolish, and to harmonize with the stupid and foolish, and

to abdicate the ten thousand kingdomsto abdicate the ten thousand kingdomsto abdicate the ten thousand kingdomsto abdicate the ten thousand kingdoms;;;; wisdom wisdom wisdom wisdom

that clearly perceives Heaven and Earth, and that clearly perceives Heaven and Earth, and that clearly perceives Heaven and Earth, and that clearly perceives Heaven and Earth, and

can give form to unfathomable profunditycan give form to unfathomable profunditycan give form to unfathomable profunditycan give form to unfathomable profundity————are are are are

these merely equal to the de and wisdom of a these merely equal to the de and wisdom of a these merely equal to the de and wisdom of a these merely equal to the de and wisdom of a

hundred menhundred menhundred menhundred men????

14141414


或或或或問問問問「「「「君君君君」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「明明明明光光光光。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「臣臣臣臣」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「若若若若

禔禔禔禔。。。。」「」「」「」「敢敢敢敢問問問問何謂也何謂也何謂也何謂也？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「君子在君子在君子在君子在上上上上，，，，則明則明則明則明而而而而

光光光光其其其其下下下下；；；；在下在下在下在下，，，，則則則則順順順順而而而而安安安安其上其上其上其上。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about the ruler.Someone asked about the ruler.Someone asked about the ruler.Someone asked about the ruler.

Yangzi said: He should be bright and Yangzi said: He should be bright and Yangzi said: He should be bright and Yangzi said: He should be bright and

illuminating.illuminating.illuminating.illuminating.

The other asked about the minister.The other asked about the minister.The other asked about the minister.The other asked about the minister.

Yangzi said: He should be dutiful and have a Yangzi said: He should be dutiful and have a Yangzi said: He should be dutiful and have a Yangzi said: He should be dutiful and have a

settling influence.settling influence.settling influence.settling influence.

The other said: May I ask to what you referThe other said: May I ask to what you referThe other said: May I ask to what you referThe other said: May I ask to what you refer????

Yangzi said: When a junzi iYangzi said: When a junzi iYangzi said: When a junzi iYangzi said: When a junzi is in a high s in a high s in a high s in a high

position, then he is bright and illuminates position, then he is bright and illuminates position, then he is bright and illuminates position, then he is bright and illuminates

those below. When he is in a low position, those below. When he is in a low position, those below. When he is in a low position, those below. When he is in a low position,

then he is dutiful and has a settling then he is dutiful and has a settling then he is dutiful and has a settling then he is dutiful and has a settling

influence on those above.influence on those above.influence on those above.influence on those above.

15151515


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「聖人事聖人事聖人事聖人事異異異異乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「聖人德之聖人德之聖人德之聖人德之為為為為事事事事，，，，異異異異

亞亞亞亞之之之之。。。。故故故故常常常常修德修德修德修德者者者者，，，，本本本本也也也也；；；；見見見見異而異而異而異而修德修德修德修德者者者者，，，，末末末末也也也也。。。。

本本本本末末末末不修不修不修不修而而而而存存存存者者者者，，，，未未未未之有之有之有之有也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked: Does the sage give attention Someone asked: Does the sage give attention Someone asked: Does the sage give attention Someone asked: Does the sage give attention

to strange phenomenato strange phenomenato strange phenomenato strange phenomena????

Yangzi said: The sage attends to deYangzi said: The sage attends to deYangzi said: The sage attends to deYangzi said: The sage attends to de;;;; strange strange strange strange

phenomena are secondary. Thus, constantly phenomena are secondary. Thus, constantly phenomena are secondary. Thus, constantly phenomena are secondary. Thus, constantly

cultivating decultivating decultivating decultivating de————this is to grasp the root. this is to grasp the root. this is to grasp the root. this is to grasp the root.

Waiting to see strange phenomena and only Waiting to see strange phenomena and only Waiting to see strange phenomena and only Waiting to see strange phenomena and only

then cultivating dethen cultivating dethen cultivating dethen cultivating de————this is to grasp the tip this is to grasp the tip this is to grasp the tip this is to grasp the tip

of the branch. To cultivate neither the of the branch. To cultivate neither the of the branch. To cultivate neither the of the branch. To cultivate neither the root root root root

nor the tip of the branch and yet survivenor the tip of the branch and yet survivenor the tip of the branch and yet survivenor the tip of the branch and yet survive————

there has yet to be a case of this.there has yet to be a case of this.there has yet to be a case of this.there has yet to be a case of this.

16161616


天地之天地之天地之天地之得得得得，，，，斯斯斯斯民民民民也也也也；；；；斯斯斯斯民之民之民之民之得得得得，，，，一人一人一人一人也也也也；；；；一人之一人之一人之一人之

得得得得，，，，心心心心矣矣矣矣。。。。



Heaven and Earth's accomplishments are due to Heaven and Earth's accomplishments are due to Heaven and Earth's accomplishments are due to Heaven and Earth's accomplishments are due to

the people. The people's accomplishments are the people. The people's accomplishments are the people. The people's accomplishments are the people. The people's accomplishments are

due to the due to the due to the due to the OOOOne Man. The ne Man. The ne Man. The ne Man. The OOOOne Man's ne Man's ne Man's ne Man's

accomplishments are due to his xin.accomplishments are due to his xin.accomplishments are due to his xin.accomplishments are due to his xin.

17171717


吾聞諸吾聞諸吾聞諸吾聞諸傳傳傳傳，，，，老老老老則則則則戒戒戒戒之在之在之在之在得得得得。。。。年年年年彌彌彌彌高而高而高而高而德德德德彌彌彌彌邵邵邵邵者者者者，，，，是是是是

孔子之孔子之孔子之孔子之徒與徒與徒與徒與？？？？



I have heard this from the I have heard this from the I have heard this from the I have heard this from the Lunyu: "In old Lunyu: "In old Lunyu: "In old Lunyu: "In old

age, the junzi guards against covetousness." age, the junzi guards against covetousness." age, the junzi guards against covetousness." age, the junzi guards against covetousness."

Those whose de increases in excellence as Those whose de increases in excellence as Those whose de increases in excellence as Those whose de increases in excellence as

they grow olderthey grow olderthey grow olderthey grow older————are they not the followers are they not the followers are they not the followers are they not the followers

of Confuciusof Confuciusof Confuciusof Confucius????

18181818

孝至孝至孝至孝至卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... : 或或或或問問問問：「：「：「：「德有德有德有德有始始始始而而而而無終無終無終無終，，，，與與與與有終有終有終有終而而而而無無無無始始始始也也也也，，，，孰孰孰孰

寧寧寧寧？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「寧先寧先寧先寧先病病病病而而而而後後後後瘳瘳瘳瘳乎乎乎乎？？？？寧先寧先寧先寧先瘳瘳瘳瘳而而而而後後後後病病病病

乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」



Someone asked: De that has a beginning but no Someone asked: De that has a beginning but no Someone asked: De that has a beginning but no Someone asked: De that has a beginning but no

end, or de that has an end but no beginningend, or de that has an end but no beginningend, or de that has an end but no beginningend, or de that has an end but no beginning————

which would you which would you which would you which would you preferpreferpreferprefer????

Yangzi said: Would you rather first become Yangzi said: Would you rather first become Yangzi said: Would you rather first become Yangzi said: Would you rather first become

ill and then be cured, or first be cured and ill and then be cured, or first be cured and ill and then be cured, or first be cured and ill and then be cured, or first be cured and

then become illthen become illthen become illthen become ill????

19191919


或或或或問問問問「「「「大大大大」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「小小小小。。。。」」」」問問問問「「「「遠遠遠遠」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰「「「「邇邇邇邇。。。。」」」」

未未未未達達達達。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「天下天下天下天下為為為為大大大大，，，，治治治治之在道之在道之在道之在道，，，，不不不不亦小亦小亦小亦小乎乎乎乎？？？？四四四四

海為海為海為海為遠遠遠遠，，，，治治治治之在心之在心之在心之在心，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦邇乎邇乎邇乎邇乎？」？」？」？」



Someone asked about the great.Someone asked about the great.Someone asked about the great.Someone asked about the great.

Yangzi said: It is small.Yangzi said: It is small.Yangzi said: It is small.Yangzi said: It is small.

He asked about the far away.He asked about the far away.He asked about the far away.He asked about the far away.

Yangzi said: It is near.Yangzi said: It is near.Yangzi said: It is near.Yangzi said: It is near.

He failHe failHe failHe failed to understand.ed to understand.ed to understand.ed to understand.

Yangzi said: The world is great, but Yangzi said: The world is great, but Yangzi said: The world is great, but Yangzi said: The world is great, but

controlling it lies in the Dao. Is this not controlling it lies in the Dao. Is this not controlling it lies in the Dao. Is this not controlling it lies in the Dao. Is this not

small indeedsmall indeedsmall indeedsmall indeed???? The four seas are far away, but The four seas are far away, but The four seas are far away, but The four seas are far away, but

governing the kingdoms within them lies in governing the kingdoms within them lies in governing the kingdoms within them lies in governing the kingdoms within them lies in

the xin. Is this not near indeedthe xin. Is this not near indeedthe xin. Is this not near indeedthe xin. Is this not near indeed????

20202020


或或或或問問問問「「「「俊俊俊俊哲哲哲哲、、、、洪洪洪洪秀秀秀秀」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「知哲聖人之知哲聖人之知哲聖人之知哲聖人之謂謂謂謂俊俊俊俊，，，，秀秀秀秀

穎穎穎穎德行之德行之德行之德行之謂謂謂謂洪洪洪洪。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about Someone asked about Someone asked about Someone asked about exceptional wisdom and exceptional wisdom and exceptional wisdom and exceptional wisdom and

great flourishing.great flourishing.great flourishing.great flourishing.

Yangzi said: Wisdom that enables one to know Yangzi said: Wisdom that enables one to know Yangzi said: Wisdom that enables one to know Yangzi said: Wisdom that enables one to know

the sage is called "exceptional." When the sage is called "exceptional." When the sage is called "exceptional." When the sage is called "exceptional." When

putting de into action flourishes bearing putting de into action flourishes bearing putting de into action flourishes bearing putting de into action flourishes bearing

abundant fruit, this is called "great."abundant fruit, this is called "great."abundant fruit, this is called "great."abundant fruit, this is called "great."

21212121


君子動則君子動則君子動則君子動則擬擬擬擬諸事諸事諸事諸事，，，，事則事則事則事則擬擬擬擬諸禮諸禮諸禮諸禮。。。。



The junziThe junziThe junziThe junzi』』』』s actions are determined according s actions are determined according s actions are determined according s actions are determined according

to the situation, and the situation is to the situation, and the situation is to the situation, and the situation is to the situation, and the situation is

understood according to li.understood according to li.understood according to li.understood according to li.

22222222


或或或或問問問問「「「「群言之群言之群言之群言之長長長長，，，，群行之群行之群行之群行之宗宗宗宗」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「群言之群言之群言之群言之長長長長，，，，

德言德言德言德言也也也也；；；；群言之群言之群言之群言之宗宗宗宗，，，，德行德行德行德行也也也也。。。。」」」」


ofofofof Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:Filial...:

Someone asked: What is the guiding principle Someone asked: What is the guiding principle Someone asked: What is the guiding principle Someone asked: What is the guiding principle

of all speechof all speechof all speechof all speech???? What is the source of all What is the source of all What is the source of all What is the source of all

conductconductconductconduct????

Yangzi said: The guiding principle of all Yangzi said: The guiding principle of all Yangzi said: The guiding principle of all Yangzi said: The guiding principle of all

speech is virtuous (de) speech. The source of speech is virtuous (de) speech. The source of speech is virtuous (de) speech. The source of speech is virtuous (de) speech. The source of

all conduct is virtuous (de) conduct.all conduct is virtuous (de) conduct.all conduct is virtuous (de) conduct.all conduct is virtuous (de) conduct.

23232323


或或或或問問問問「「「「泰泰泰泰和和和和」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「其其其其在在在在唐唐唐唐、、、、虞虞虞虞、、、、成周乎成周乎成周乎成周乎？？？？觀觀觀觀

《《《《書書書書》》》》及及及及《《《《詩詩詩詩》》》》溫溫溫溫溫溫溫溫乎乎乎乎，，，，其其其其和可知和可知和可知和可知也也也也。。。。」」」」



Someone asked about times of great harmonySomeone asked about times of great harmonySomeone asked about times of great harmonySomeone asked about times of great harmony????

Yangzi said: Were they not the times of Yao, Yangzi said: Were they not the times of Yao, Yangzi said: Were they not the times of Yao, Yangzi said: Were they not the times of Yao,

Shun, Shun, Shun, Shun, KKKKing Cheng and the Duke of Zhouing Cheng and the Duke of Zhouing Cheng and the Duke of Zhouing Cheng and the Duke of Zhou???? RRRRead ead ead ead

the the the the BBBBook of Documents and the ook of Documents and the ook of Documents and the ook of Documents and the BBBBook of ook of ook of ook of

Poetry's warmth and gentleness, and you can Poetry's warmth and gentleness, and you can Poetry's warmth and gentleness, and you can Poetry's warmth and gentleness, and you can

learn of their harmony.learn of their harmony.learn of their harmony.learn of their harmony.

24242424


周周周周康康康康之之之之時時時時，，，，頌頌頌頌聲聲聲聲作作作作乎下乎下乎下乎下，《，《，《，《關關關關雎雎雎雎》》》》作作作作乎乎乎乎上上上上，，，，習治習治習治習治

也也也也。。。。齊齊齊齊桓桓桓桓之之之之時時時時縕縕縕縕，，，，而而而而《《《《春秋春秋春秋春秋》》》》美美美美邵邵邵邵陵陵陵陵，，，，習習習習亂亂亂亂也也也也。。。。故故故故

習治習治習治習治則則則則傷傷傷傷始始始始亂亂亂亂也也也也。。。。習習習習亂亂亂亂，，，，則則則則好好好好始始始始洽洽洽洽也也也也。。。。



In In In In KKKKing ing ing ing KKKKang of the Zhou's time, hymns of ang of the Zhou's time, hymns of ang of the Zhou's time, hymns of ang of the Zhou's time, hymns of

praise were sung from praise were sung from praise were sung from praise were sung from below, while the "Guan below, while the "Guan below, while the "Guan below, while the "Guan

Ju (The Ju (The Ju (The Ju (The OOOOspreys)" was written above. This is spreys)" was written above. This is spreys)" was written above. This is spreys)" was written above. This is

because the people were accustomed to order.because the people were accustomed to order.because the people were accustomed to order.because the people were accustomed to order.

Duke Huan of Qi's time was chaotic, and the Duke Huan of Qi's time was chaotic, and the Duke Huan of Qi's time was chaotic, and the Duke Huan of Qi's time was chaotic, and the

Spring and Autumn Annals praised the peace Spring and Autumn Annals praised the peace Spring and Autumn Annals praised the peace Spring and Autumn Annals praised the peace

reached by Qi and Chu at Shaoling, because reached by Qi and Chu at Shaoling, because reached by Qi and Chu at Shaoling, because reached by Qi and Chu at Shaoling, because

the people wethe people wethe people wethe people were accustomed to chaos. Thus, if re accustomed to chaos. Thus, if re accustomed to chaos. Thus, if re accustomed to chaos. Thus, if

one is accustomed to order, then he worries one is accustomed to order, then he worries one is accustomed to order, then he worries one is accustomed to order, then he worries

at the first appearance of chaos. If one is at the first appearance of chaos. If one is at the first appearance of chaos. If one is at the first appearance of chaos. If one is

accustomed to chaos, one delights in the accustomed to chaos, one delights in the accustomed to chaos, one delights in the accustomed to chaos, one delights in the

first appearance of order.first appearance of order.first appearance of order.first appearance of order.

UUUUnderstanding the Late Western Han as a time nderstanding the Late Western Han as a time nderstanding the Late Western Han as a time nderstanding the Late Western Han as a time

of decline, as Yang moof decline, as Yang moof decline, as Yang moof decline, as Yang most surely did, we might st surely did, we might st surely did, we might st surely did, we might

therefore consider this passage as a therefore consider this passage as a therefore consider this passage as a therefore consider this passage as a

rationalization for the popularity and rising rationalization for the popularity and rising rationalization for the popularity and rising rationalization for the popularity and rising

power of Wang Mang, who seemed a promising power of Wang Mang, who seemed a promising power of Wang Mang, who seemed a promising power of Wang Mang, who seemed a promising

reformer at the time.reformer at the time.reformer at the time.reformer at the time.

25252525


漢德漢德漢德漢德其其其其可可可可謂謂謂謂允允允允懷矣懷矣懷矣懷矣。。。。黃黃黃黃支支支支之之之之南南南南，，，，大大大大夏夏夏夏之之之之西西西西，，，，東東東東鞮鞮鞮鞮、、、、

北北北北女女女女，，，，來來來來貢貢貢貢其其其其珍珍珍珍。。。。漢德漢德漢德漢德其其其其可可可可謂謂謂謂允允允允懷矣懷矣懷矣懷矣，，，，世世世世鮮鮮鮮鮮焉焉焉焉。。。。



OOOOne may say the de of the Han is sincerely ne may say the de of the Han is sincerely ne may say the de of the Han is sincerely ne may say the de of the Han is sincerely

missed! From the south of Huangzhi, the west missed! From the south of Huangzhi, the west missed! From the south of Huangzhi, the west missed! From the south of Huangzhi, the west

of of of of Daxia, Dongdi, and Daxia, Dongdi, and Daxia, Dongdi, and Daxia, Dongdi, and BBBBeinu, the barbarians einu, the barbarians einu, the barbarians einu, the barbarians

came to offer their treasures in tribute. came to offer their treasures in tribute. came to offer their treasures in tribute. came to offer their treasures in tribute. OOOOne ne ne ne

may say the de of the Han truly is missed! It may say the de of the Han truly is missed! It may say the de of the Han truly is missed! It may say the de of the Han truly is missed! It

is rare in this generation!is rare in this generation!is rare in this generation!is rare in this generation!

26262626


芒芒聖德芒芒聖德芒芒聖德芒芒聖德，，，，遠遠遠遠人咸人咸人咸人咸慕慕慕慕，，，，上也上也上也上也；；；；武武武武義義義義璜璜璜璜璜璜璜璜，，，，兵征兵征兵征兵征四四四四

方方方方，，，，次也次也次也次也；；；；宗宗宗宗夷夷夷夷猾猾猾猾夏夏夏夏，，，，蠢迪王人蠢迪王人蠢迪王人蠢迪王人，，，，屈屈屈屈國國國國喪喪喪喪師師師師，，，，無無無無次次次次

也也也也。。。。



Great and sagely de which people from far Great and sagely de which people from far Great and sagely de which people from far Great and sagely de which people from far

away all long foraway all long foraway all long foraway all long for————this is the best. Grave this is the best. Grave this is the best. Grave this is the best. Grave

and bold military and bold military and bold military and bold military rites with soldiers rites with soldiers rites with soldiers rites with soldiers

attacking the four directionsattacking the four directionsattacking the four directionsattacking the four directions————this is next. this is next. this is next. this is next.

The Man and Yi barbarians causing trouble for The Man and Yi barbarians causing trouble for The Man and Yi barbarians causing trouble for The Man and Yi barbarians causing trouble for

the empire, causing rulers to squirm in the empire, causing rulers to squirm in the empire, causing rulers to squirm in the empire, causing rulers to squirm in

agitation while kingdoms submit and armies agitation while kingdoms submit and armies agitation while kingdoms submit and armies agitation while kingdoms submit and armies

are defeatedare defeatedare defeatedare defeated————this is the worst.this is the worst.this is the worst.this is the worst.

27272727


麟麟麟麟之之之之儀儀儀儀儀儀儀儀，，，，鳳鳳鳳鳳之之之之師師師師師師師師，，，，其其其其至至至至矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！螭螭螭螭虎虎虎虎桓桓桓桓桓桓桓桓，，，，鷹隼鷹隼鷹隼鷹隼

䎒䎒䎒䎒䎒䎒䎒䎒，，，，未未未未至至至至也也也也。。。。



The grave deportment of the unicorn, the The grave deportment of the unicorn, the The grave deportment of the unicorn, the The grave deportment of the unicorn, the

eminence of eminence of eminence of eminence of the phoenixthe phoenixthe phoenixthe phoenix————these are the these are the these are the these are the

ultimate. The warlike nature of the dragon ultimate. The warlike nature of the dragon ultimate. The warlike nature of the dragon ultimate. The warlike nature of the dragon

and tiger, the cruelty of the hawk and and tiger, the cruelty of the hawk and and tiger, the cruelty of the hawk and and tiger, the cruelty of the hawk and

falconfalconfalconfalcon————these have never been the ultimate.these have never been the ultimate.these have never been the ultimate.these have never been the ultimate.

28282828


或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「訩訩訩訩訩訩訩訩北北北北夷夷夷夷，，，，被被被被我我我我純純純純繢繢繢繢，，，，帶帶帶帶我金我金我金我金犀犀犀犀，，，，珍珍珍珍膳膳膳膳寧寧寧寧

餬餬餬餬，，，，不不不不亦亦亦亦享享享享乎乎乎乎？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「昔在昔在昔在昔在高高高高、、、、文文文文、、、、武武武武，，，，實實實實為為為為兵兵兵兵

主主主主。。。。今今今今稽首稽首稽首稽首來臣來臣來臣來臣，，，，稱稱稱稱為為為為北北北北蕃蕃蕃蕃，，，，是為是為是為是為宗宗宗宗廟廟廟廟之神之神之神之神，，，，社稷社稷社稷社稷

之靈之靈之靈之靈也也也也，，，，可不可不可不可不享享享享？」？」？」？」



Someone said: The quarrelsome Xiongnu wear Someone said: The quarrelsome Xiongnu wear Someone said: The quarrelsome Xiongnu wear Someone said: The quarrelsome Xiongnu wear

our painted silk robes, don our golden belt our painted silk robes, don our golden belt our painted silk robes, don our golden belt our painted silk robes, don our golden belt

buckles, and eat our delicacies and finest buckles, and eat our delicacies and finest buckles, and eat our delicacies and finest buckles, and eat our delicacies and finest

oils. Is this not like the generosity of oils. Is this not like the generosity of oils. Is this not like the generosity of oils. Is this not like the generosity of

sacrificial offeringssacrificial offeringssacrificial offeringssacrificial offerings????

Yangzi said: In the past, in the time of Yangzi said: In the past, in the time of Yangzi said: In the past, in the time of Yangzi said: In the past, in the time of

Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu, the Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu, the Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu, the Gaozu, Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wu, the

Xiongnu were indeed the military's top Xiongnu were indeed the military's top Xiongnu were indeed the military's top Xiongnu were indeed the military's top

priority. Now their ministers come and kotow, priority. Now their ministers come and kotow, priority. Now their ministers come and kotow, priority. Now their ministers come and kotow,

and they are called "the northern frontier.and they are called "the northern frontier.and they are called "the northern frontier.and they are called "the northern frontier.」」」」

This is for the spirits of our ancestors and This is for the spirits of our ancestors and This is for the spirits of our ancestors and This is for the spirits of our ancestors and

the spirits of Earth and grain. Can it not the spirits of Earth and grain. Can it not the spirits of Earth and grain. Can it not the spirits of Earth and grain. Can it not

but be like sacrificial offeringsbut be like sacrificial offeringsbut be like sacrificial offeringsbut be like sacrificial offerings????

29292929


龍龍龍龍堆堆堆堆以以以以西西西西，，，，大大大大漠漠漠漠以以以以北北北北，，，，鳥鳥鳥鳥夷夷夷夷、、、、獸獸獸獸夷夷夷夷，，，，郡郡郡郡勞勞勞勞王王王王師師師師，，，，漢漢漢漢

家家家家不不不不為也為也為也為也。。。。



West of Longdui, North of Damo, in the lands West of Longdui, North of Damo, in the lands West of Longdui, North of Damo, in the lands West of Longdui, North of Damo, in the lands

of the of the of the of the BBBBird and ird and ird and ird and BBBBeast Yi barbarians, the east Yi barbarians, the east Yi barbarians, the east Yi barbarians, the

prefectures incessantly put the kingprefectures incessantly put the kingprefectures incessantly put the kingprefectures incessantly put the king』』』』s s s s

armies to work. This is not something the armies to work. This is not something the armies to work. This is not something the armies to work. This is not something the

house of Han would do.house of Han would do.house of Han would do.house of Han would do.

30303030


朱朱朱朱崖崖崖崖之絕之絕之絕之絕，，，，捐捐捐捐之之之之之之之之力力力力也也也也。。。。否否否否則則則則介介介介鱗鱗鱗鱗易我易我易我易我衣裳衣裳衣裳衣裳。。。。



Cutting off relations with Zhuyai was due to Cutting off relations with Zhuyai was due to Cutting off relations with Zhuyai was due to Cutting off relations with Zhuyai was due to

the strength of Jia Juanzhi's advice. Had it the strength of Jia Juanzhi's advice. Had it the strength of Jia Juanzhi's advice. Had it the strength of Jia Juanzhi's advice. Had it

not been for this, we would have traded our not been for this, we would have traded our not been for this, we would have traded our not been for this, we would have traded our

robes and skirts for their clothes of shell robes and skirts for their clothes of shell robes and skirts for their clothes of shell robes and skirts for their clothes of shell

and fish scales.and fish scales.and fish scales.and fish scales.

31313131


君人君人君人君人者者者者，，，，務務務務在在在在殷殷殷殷民民民民阜阜阜阜財財財財，，，，明道明道明道明道信信信信義義義義，，，，致帝致帝致帝致帝者者者者之之之之用用用用，，，，

成天地之化成天地之化成天地之化成天地之化，，，，使使使使粒粒粒粒食食食食之民之民之民之民粲粲粲粲也也也也，，，，晏晏晏晏也也也也。。。。享享享享於於於於鬼鬼鬼鬼神神神神，，，，

不不不不亦饗亦饗亦饗亦饗乎乎乎乎？？？？



The ruler's duty lies in making his people's The ruler's duty lies in making his people's The ruler's duty lies in making his people's The ruler's duty lies in making his people's

wealth abundant, making the Dao clear, and wealth abundant, making the Dao clear, and wealth abundant, making the Dao clear, and wealth abundant, making the Dao clear, and

upholding righteousness. As for the emperor's upholding righteousness. As for the emperor's upholding righteousness. As for the emperor's upholding righteousness. As for the emperor's

role, he completes the transformations of role, he completes the transformations of role, he completes the transformations of role, he completes the transformations of

Heaven and Earth, makes the riceHeaven and Earth, makes the riceHeaven and Earth, makes the riceHeaven and Earth, makes the rice----eating eating eating eating

people happy and peaceful. When he makespeople happy and peaceful. When he makespeople happy and peaceful. When he makespeople happy and peaceful. When he makes

offering to the ghosts and spirits, do the offering to the ghosts and spirits, do the offering to the ghosts and spirits, do the offering to the ghosts and spirits, do the

spirits not indeed accept and enjoy the spirits not indeed accept and enjoy the spirits not indeed accept and enjoy the spirits not indeed accept and enjoy the

feastfeastfeastfeast????

32323232

孝孝孝孝至至至至卷第卷第卷第卷第... :... :... :... :

天道天道天道天道勞勞勞勞功功功功。。。。或或或或問問問問「「「「勞勞勞勞功功功功」」」」。。。。曰曰曰曰：「：「：「：「日日日日一一一一日日日日勞勞勞勞，，，，考考考考載載載載

曰曰曰曰功功功功。。。。」」」」或曰或曰或曰或曰：「：「：「：「君君君君逸逸逸逸臣臣臣臣勞勞勞勞，，，，何何何何天之天之天之天之勞勞勞勞？」？」？」？」曰曰曰曰：：：：

「「「「於事則於事則於事則於事則逸逸逸逸，，，，於道則於道則於道則於道則勞勞勞勞。。。。」」」」



TianTianTianTian』』』』s Dao labors and its work is completed.s Dao labors and its work is completed.s Dao labors and its work is completed.s Dao labors and its work is completed.

Someone asked about "laboring" and "being Someone asked about "laboring" and "being Someone asked about "laboring" and "being Someone asked about "laboring" and "being

completed."completed."completed."completed."

Yangzi said: Moving one degree each day is Yangzi said: Moving one degree each day is Yangzi said: Moving one degree each day is Yangzi said: Moving one degree each day is

called "laboring." called "laboring." called "laboring." called "laboring." Completing the yearly Completing the yearly Completing the yearly Completing the yearly

cycle is called "being completed."cycle is called "being completed."cycle is called "being completed."cycle is called "being completed."

The other said: The ruler is at ease but the The other said: The ruler is at ease but the The other said: The ruler is at ease but the The other said: The ruler is at ease but the

minister labors. Why does Tian laborminister labors. Why does Tian laborminister labors. Why does Tian laborminister labors. Why does Tian labor????

Yangzi said: With regard to concrete affairs, Yangzi said: With regard to concrete affairs, Yangzi said: With regard to concrete affairs, Yangzi said: With regard to concrete affairs,

they are both at ease. they are both at ease. they are both at ease. they are both at ease. BBBBut they unceasingly ut they unceasingly ut they unceasingly ut they unceasingly

labor in the Dao.labor in the Dao.labor in the Dao.labor in the Dao.

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周周周周公公公公以來以來以來以來，，，，未未未未有漢有漢有漢有漢公公公公之懿之懿之懿之懿也也也也，，，，勤勤勤勤勞勞勞勞則過於則過於則過於則過於阿阿阿阿衡衡衡衡。。。。



Since the time of the Duke of Zhou, Since the time of the Duke of Zhou, Since the time of the Duke of Zhou, Since the time of the Duke of Zhou, there has there has there has there has

been no one as exemplary as the Duke of Han been no one as exemplary as the Duke of Han been no one as exemplary as the Duke of Han been no one as exemplary as the Duke of Han

(Wang Mang). When he acts and labors for the (Wang Mang). When he acts and labors for the (Wang Mang). When he acts and labors for the (Wang Mang). When he acts and labors for the

kingdom, he even surpasses A Heng.kingdom, he even surpasses A Heng.kingdom, he even surpasses A Heng.kingdom, he even surpasses A Heng.

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漢漢漢漢興興興興二二二二百一百一百一百一十十十十載載載載而而而而中天中天中天中天，，，，其其其其庶庶庶庶矣矣矣矣乎乎乎乎！！！！辟辟辟辟廱廱廱廱以本之以本之以本之以本之，，，，

校校校校學以學以學以學以教教教教之之之之，，，，禮禮禮禮樂樂樂樂以以以以容容容容之之之之，，，，輿輿輿輿服服服服以表之以表之以表之以表之。。。。復其井復其井復其井復其井、、、、

刑刑刑刑，，，，勉勉勉勉人人人人役役役役，，，，唐唐唐唐矣夫矣夫矣夫矣夫。。。。



The Han rose up two hundred ten years ago and The Han rose up two hundred ten years ago and The Han rose up two hundred ten years ago and The Han rose up two hundred ten years ago and

revived Tianrevived Tianrevived Tianrevived Tian’’’’s Daos Daos Daos Dao————hasnhasnhasnhasn’’’’t itt itt itt it almost got it almost got it almost got it almost got it

rightrightrightright???? The imperial university is the means The imperial university is the means The imperial university is the means The imperial university is the means

to establish itto establish itto establish itto establish it;;;; schools and study are the schools and study are the schools and study are the schools and study are the

means to teach itmeans to teach itmeans to teach itmeans to teach it;;;; li and music are the means li and music are the means li and music are the means li and music are the means

to express itto express itto express itto express it;;;; carriages and robes are the carriages and robes are the carriages and robes are the carriages and robes are the

means to display it. To return to the wellmeans to display it. To return to the wellmeans to display it. To return to the wellmeans to display it. To return to the well----

field system and corpofield system and corpofield system and corpofield system and corporeal punishment, and to real punishment, and to real punishment, and to real punishment, and to

release people from slavery release people from slavery release people from slavery release people from slavery ————now that is now that is now that is now that is

greatness!greatness!greatness!greatness!

Confucius - 揚子法言 - Yangzi Fayan

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