By Keith H

ConfucianismConfucianism is based on the teachings of Kongfuzi, who is called Confucius by westerns. This philosophy deeply influenced Chinese government and culture.

Who was ConfucianismConfucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kong Fuzi, or Kung-fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kong",

551–478 BC). It is a complex system of moral, social, political,

philosophical, and quasi-religious.

What was China like during his life?

Cultures and countries strongly influenced by Confucianism include

mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, as well as

various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore. It might be that as many as 1.5 billion people follow

Confucian ideals.

According to Confucious, what are the five basic relationships?In Confucianism, human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. A main idea of Confucianism is the cultivation of virtue and the development of moral perfection.

How should people act in those basic relationships?Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of ren and yi.

What influence did Confucious have on Chinese government?

Most people who adhere to the teachings of Confucius follow Chinese traditional religion, which is a blending of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and traditional local practices and beliefs.

TaoismTaoism (also spelled Daoism; see below) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions that have influenced the people of Eastern Asia for more than two millennia.

Who was Laozi (Lao-tsu)?

According to tradition, the great sage, or wise man, Daoism was Laozi ( also spelled Lao-tzu.

What are yin and yang?The concept lies at the origins of many

branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise, such as baguazhang, taijiquan (tai chi), and qigong (Chi Kung) and of I Ching divination.

According to Daoism, how should people discover how to behave?Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility, while Taoist thought generally focuses on nature, the relationship between humanity and the cosmos

According to Daoists, how should rulers behave?Harmony with the Universe, or the source thereof (Tao), is the intended result of many Taoist rules and practices.

LegalismIn Chinese history, Legalism (Chinese pinyin was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period (and before).

Who was Hanfeizi?

Legalism was a utilitarian political philosophy that did not address higher questions like the nature and purpose of life.

According to Hanfeizi, what was the only way to create a strong society?

The law code must be clearly written and made public. All people under the ruler were equal before the law. Laws should reward those who obey them and punish accordingly those who dare to break them.

How did Hanfeizi believe a ruler should govern?The Warring States Period and the preceding were marked by frequent violence and war, and many new philosophies were founded to cope with the environment of the time including, Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism.

How did the Qin dynasty apply the teachings of Hanfeizi?Overall, these theories of the beliefs that all people are fundamentally flawed and that stringent laws and harsh punishments are required to keep them in order.

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