1. Ruler

Subject

2. Father

Son

3. Husband

Wife

4. Older Brother

YoungerBrother

5. Older Friend

YoungerFriend

* Status

* Age

* Gender

* The emperor is the example of proper behavior --> “big daddy”

* Social relationships are based on “rites” or “rituals.”

* Even religious rituals are important for SOCIAL, not religious reasons, acc. to Confucius.

1. Human nature is naturally selfish.

2. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged.

3. Law is the supreme authority and replaces morality.

4. The ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand.

5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler’s power.

One who favors the principle that individuals should obey a powerful authority rather than exercise individual freedom.

The ruler, therefore, “cracks his whip” on the backs of his subjects!

1. Rejecting formal knowledge and learning.

2. Relying on the senses and instincts.

3. Discovering the nature and “rhythm” of the universe.

4. Ignoring political and social laws.

To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:

* Masculine

* Active

* Light

* Warmth

* Strong

* Heaven; Sun

* Feminine

* Passive

* Darkness

* Cold

* Weak

* Earth; Moon

Daoism & Star WarsDaoism & Star Wars

DaoismDaoism– The Way or DaoThe Way or Dao– YinYin– YangYang– Wu-weiWu-wei– LaoziLaozi

– The ForceThe Force– Sith & Darth VaderSith & Darth Vader– Jedi & Luke Jedi & Luke

SkywalkerSkywalker– Using the force to Using the force to

move objectsmove objects– YodaYoda

1-800-3315094

How is a man to live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity??

Confucianism --> Moral order in society.

Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.

Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power.

A new dynasty

comes to power.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Emperor isdefeated !!

Emperor isdefeated !!

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

Start here

During the Qin dynasty, Legalism wasthe official philosophy of China.

It is important to remember that during theHan dynasty, a scholar had to pass a teston Chinese history and Confucianism to

work in the government.

The Origins of Imperial China, The Origins of Imperial China, 221 b.c.e.–220 c.e. 221 b.c.e.–220 c.e.

China is a large region marked by China is a large region marked by significant ecological, topographical, significant ecological, topographical, biological, and climatic diversity. biological, and climatic diversity.

The two most important resources The two most important resources that supported the imperial Chinese that supported the imperial Chinese state were agricultural production and state were agricultural production and labor labor

Agricultural production in China was Agricultural production in China was intensive and was taxed by the intensive and was taxed by the government. government.

Qin and the Han governments Qin and the Han governments exploited the labor power of rural exploited the labor power of rural China by demanding that peasant China by demanding that peasant families supply men for labor and for families supply men for labor and for service in the military service in the military

A periodic census and regularly A periodic census and regularly updated records of land and updated records of land and households enabled officials to households enabled officials to collect the proper amount of taxes, collect the proper amount of taxes, labor service, and military service.labor service, and military service.

Chinese FamilyChinese Family

The family was the basic unity of society The family was the basic unity of society The family was conceived of as an The family was conceived of as an

unbroken chain of generations including unbroken chain of generations including the ancestors as well as the current the ancestors as well as the current generations generations

Ancestors were thought to take an Ancestors were thought to take an active interest in the affairs of the active interest in the affairs of the current generation, and they were current generation, and they were routinely consulted, appeased, and routinely consulted, appeased, and venerated.venerated.

WomenWomen

According to the ideals of the upper According to the ideals of the upper classes, women were to cook, take care classes, women were to cook, take care of household chores, respect their of household chores, respect their parents-in-law, and obey their husbands parents-in-law, and obey their husbands

Lower-class women may have been less Lower-class women may have been less constrained. Marriages were arranged, constrained. Marriages were arranged, and a new wife had to prove herself to and a new wife had to prove herself to her husband and to her mother-in-law her husband and to her mother-in-law through hard work, obedience, devotion, through hard work, obedience, devotion, and by bearing sons.and by bearing sons.

The First Chinese Empire, The First Chinese Empire,

221 – 201 b.c.e.221 – 201 b.c.e. After the Warring States Period (480–221 After the Warring States Period (480–221

b.c.e.), the state of Qin united China. b.c.e.), the state of Qin united China. Factors that enabled Qin to accomplish Factors that enabled Qin to accomplish

reunification may include: reunification may include: The ability and ruthlessness of the Qin ruler, The ability and ruthlessness of the Qin ruler,

Shi Huangdi and his prime minister, Li Si Shi Huangdi and his prime minister, Li Si Qin’s location in the Wei valley with its Qin’s location in the Wei valley with its

predominantly rural population of predominantly rural population of independent farming households independent farming households

Qin’s experience in mobilizing manpower Qin’s experience in mobilizing manpower for irrigation and flood-control projects, for irrigation and flood-control projects, which had strengthened the central which had strengthened the central government government

Qin Government Qin Government

Suppressed ConfucianismSuppressed Confucianism Eliminated rival centers of authorityEliminated rival centers of authority Abolished primogeniture and slaveryAbolished primogeniture and slavery Constructed a rural economy of free Constructed a rural economy of free

land-owning/tax-paying farmersland-owning/tax-paying farmers They standardized weights and They standardized weights and

measures measures Knit the empire together with roadsKnit the empire together with roads Defended it with a long wall Defended it with a long wall

Qin Emperor Shi Huangdi Qin Emperor Shi Huangdi standardizes all possible:standardizes all possible:

The Great WallThe Great Wall Weights & Weights &

measuresmeasures LawsLaws MoneyMoney ThoughtThought

Qin MistakesQin Mistakes

Burned booksBurned books Destroyed major fortifications of the Destroyed major fortifications of the

statesstates Assassinated powerful leaders & scholarsAssassinated powerful leaders & scholars Collected arms of the empire & melted Collected arms of the empire & melted

arrowheads & spears to make 12 statuesarrowheads & spears to make 12 statues Failed to rule with humanity—lost the Failed to rule with humanity—lost the

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

The oppressive nature of the Qin The oppressive nature of the Qin regime and its exorbitant demands regime and its exorbitant demands for taxes and labor led to a number for taxes and labor led to a number of popular rebellions that overthrew of popular rebellions that overthrew the dynasty after the death of Shi the dynasty after the death of Shi Huangdi in 210 b.c.e.Huangdi in 210 b.c.e.

Shi Huangdi’s TombShi Huangdi’s Tomb

Shi Huangdi’s TombShi Huangdi’s Tomb

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army