Conflict in the NationConflict in the Nation

Anti-war, advocated the isolationist policy and complete neutrality

Aimed to enforce the Neutrality Acts

Prominent members: Aviator Charles

Lindbergh Future President

Gerald Ford Publisher Joseph M.

Patterson (New York Daily News)

Pro-war, advocated aid to the Allies in the war

Supported the Lend-Lease Act

Prominent members: Governor Adlai

Stevenson (IL) U.S. Representative

Claude Pepper (FL) Hollywood

screenwriter Philip Dunne

Journalist William Allen White

America First Committee

Committee to Defend America (by

Aiding the Allies)

The Public OpinionThe Public OpinionAfter France’s defeat, Americans’ opinions about the war’s outcome began to shift. By July 1940, over 66% of Americans (from opinion polls) believed that Germany posed a direct threat to the U.S.

Congress responded with the Burke-Wadsworth Act in September 1940.Burke-Wadsworth Act: established

the first peacetime military draft (in U.S. history)

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939

Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

German Troops March into Warsaw

German Troops March into Warsaw

European Theater of Operations

European Theater of Operations

A Divided FranceA Divided France

Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!

Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union..........................$11 billionFrance..................................$3 billionChina..................................$1.5 billionOther European......................$500 millionSouth America.......................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

German Army Russian Army1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men

10,290 artillery guns

13,541 artillery guns

675 tanks 894 tanks

1,216 planes 1,115 planes

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942

The North Africa Campaign:

The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst

Rommel,The “Desert Fox”

Gen. Bernard Law

Montgomery(“Monty”)

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :

Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] :

Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” Allies plan

assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1943

George S. Patton leads American troops

Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943

The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943

General George S. Patton

Declaration of WarDeclaration of WarPearl Harbor inspired a sense of unity among Americans.After the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, Congress approved FDR’s request for a declaration of war against Japan.A few days later, the U.S. also went to war against Germany and Italy.A view of the raid on

Pearl Harbor

Pacific Theater of Operations

Pacific Theater of Operations

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,

the Philippines [March, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,

the Philippines [March, 1942]

Bataan Death March: April, 1942

Bataan Death March: April, 1942

76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to

POW camps in the Philippines.

Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”

Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping”

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942

Japanese Kamikaze Planes:

The Scourge of the South Pacific

Japanese Kamikaze Planes:

The Scourge of the South Pacific

Kamikaze Pilots

Suicide Bombers

Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the

Philippines! [1944]

Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the

Philippines! [1944]

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,

Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,

Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

Women In The War:Women In The War:World War IIWorld War II

Rosie the RiveterRosie the RiveterThe “ideal women worker” – loyal, efficient, patriotic, prettyA huge icon for women during World War II, and in American wartime propagandaInspired women to get involved in the wartime effort

Rosie the Riveter Rosie the Riveter (cont.)(cont.)

Rosie the RiveterLyrics by Redd Evans and John

Jacob Loeb, 1942

“All the day long,Whether rain or shine, She's a part of the assembly line.She's making history, Working for victory, Rosie the Riveter… …That little girl will do more than

aMale will do… …Rosie is protecting Charlie, Working overtime on the rivetingmachine……There's something true about, Red, white, and blue about, Rosie the Riveter.”

Norman Rockwell1943

The Domestic ViewThe Domestic View

Grow your own, Can your own

Make This Pledge: I Pay No More Than Top Legal Prices

The Domestic ViewThe Domestic ViewWomen were told to conserve in order to support the war effortCarry groceries instead of using car

Preserved tired rubber

Grow more food Increased food production, plus self-sufficiency

Sew and repair clothing rather than buying new clothes Save cloth for the troops

Raise money for and contribute to war bondsContribute morality

Military WomenMilitary WomenExcluded from combat positions

Some served doing traditional “women’s work” in military branches (i.e. cleaning and secretarial duties)

Many women became nurses, or used their nursing expertise to help in the war effort (i.e. Red Cross, military nursing units)

Military WomenMilitary Women

Enlist in the WAVESJohn Falter

More Nurses are Needed!

Military Women Military Women Women in the U.S. military during World War II:Army: 140,000Navy: 100,000Marines: 23,000Coast Guard: 13,000Air Force: 1,000Army and Navy Nurse Corps: 74,000

Wartime Effort:Wartime Effort:World War IIWorld War II

Support the WarSupport the War

“Don’t Let That Shadow Touch Them”Issued by the

Treasury Department

“United We Win”Alexander Liberman

1943

War Production War Production BoardBoard

Established January 1942 by executive order

Converted America’s peacetime economy into maximum wartime production

Directed war productionSupervised the production of over

$185 billion worth of weapons and supplies

ConservationConservation

“Waste Helps the Enemy”Vanderlaan

“When You Ride Alone You Ride With Hitler!”

Weimer Pursell1943

Enlisting TroopsEnlisting Troops

“Man the Guns, Join the Navy”McClelland Barclay

1942

“Want Action? Join the U.S. Marine Corps!”

James Montgomery Flagg 1942

ResultsResultsTroops

Casualties

Population (millions)

Enrolled (thousands)

Ratio

WWII 133.5 16,353.7 12.2%

Enrolled (thousa

nds)

Combat Other Wounded Total Ratio

WWII 16,353.7

292,131 115,185 670,846 1,078,162 2.6%