Confined Space Entry Training
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Transcript of Confined Space Entry Training
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HSE
Confined Space
Entry Training
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ABB Lummus Global Americas
Key Messages
Planning
Preparation
Training
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Why we are here ?
LALCO require that all employees who must enter
into confined spaces receive training as to the
hazards, procedures and equipment required to do
so safely.
At the end of this session you will be
familiar with the hazards and
requirements of safe confined
space entry.
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Confined Space can be deadly!
On average, work in confined space kills 15 people
in UK every year.
In addition, a number of people are seriouslyinjured.
Untrained rescuers account for 60% of annually
deaths in US!
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What is confined space ?
Is large enough and so configured
that an employee can enter bodilyand perform work;
Has limited or restricted means of
entry or exit, like vessels, tanks,pipes, excavation more than 1.2m
deep.
Is not designed for continuoushuman occupancy.
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Confined Space Tanks or Vessels
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Limited Openings for Entry / Exit
Openings as small as 18 inches in diameter.
Difficult to enter with SCBA or other life-saving
equipment.
Difficult to remove downed worker in folded up or
bent over position.
Exit from large openings may be difficult due to
presence of ladders, hoists, etc.
Safety harnesses must be worn while working ina confined space
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Confined Spaces Can Be Very Small
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Hazards of Confined Spaces
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres < 19.5 %
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres > 23.5 %
Flammable Atmospheres
Toxic Atmospheres
Engulfment Hazards
Physical hazards :Noise, Wet Surfaces, Falling Objects
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Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
19.5 % Minimum acceptable oxygen level.
15 - 19% Early symptoms are decreased ability
to work strenuously and impair coordination.
12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgment.10-12% Respiration increases. Lips blue.
8-10% Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea
Unconsciousness. Vomiting.
6-8% 8 minutes - fatal, 6 minutes - 50% fatal
4-5 minutes - possible recovery.
4-6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death
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Oxygen Deficient AtmospheresO
2CO
2
Oxygen deficiency can be caused by several processes:
Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in the
confined space and turned into
carbon dioxide.
Displacement: denser materials push
the oxygen out of
the occupied space.
Reaction: oxygen is reacted with other
materials to make other compounds.
CO2
H20NOx
CO
O2
fuel
CO2
O2
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Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
Oxygen level above 23.5 %. Causes flammable and combustible
materials to burn violently when ignited.
Hair, clothing, materials, etc.
Oil soaked clothing and materials.
Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.
Never store or place compressed oxygen
tanks in a confined space.
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Flammable Atmospheres
2 Critical Factors:
Oxygen content in the air.
Presence of a flammable gas, or vapor more than
10% of its LEL.
Typical Ignition Sources:
Sparking or electric tool.
Welding / cutting operations.
Smoking
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Toxic Atmospheres
Presence of any acutely hazardous substance in anatmospheric concentration above the Permissible
Exposure Limits (PEL). See MSDS.
Presence of dust at a concentration that obscure
vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.5m) or less.
ASPHYXIATION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
IN CONFINED SPACES
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Toxic Atmospheres
Products stored in a confined space:
Gases released when cleaning.Materials absorbed into walls of confined
space.
Decomposition of materials in the confined
space. Work performed in a confined space:
Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering.
Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing.
Sealing, bonding, melting.
External hazards adjacent to a confined space,such as combustion engines.
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Heat Stress
Heat stress is caused by a combination of factors, suchas environmental, work load and clothing factors. The
environmental factors include heat or solar load, air
movement and humidity.
Heat-related illnesses which include heat rash, heat
cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke, are the effects
of over exposure to heat.
Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related injury with
high risk of death, and heat exhaustion is the most
common seen heat-related injury.
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Physical Hazards
Noise
Amplified due to acoustics within the space.Damaged hearing, affect communication.
Slick / Wet Surfaces
Slips and falls.
Increased chance of electric shock.
Falling Objects
Elevated work activities expose workers inside
confined space to falling objects. Electricity
Use 12V supply for lighting.
All electrical circuits shall be GFI protected.
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Categorizing Confined Space
* Space large enough to enter &;
* Limited or Restricted entry or exit &;* Not designed for continuous human
occupancy.
NO
Not a confined Space
YESConfined Space
Hazardous Atmosphere
Engulfment Hazard
Configuration Hazard
Any other recognized
serious hazard
Permit-
Required
Confined
Space
Non
Permit
Required
ConfinedSpace
YES NO
Or
Or
Or
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Permit-Required Confined Space
A Permit-Required Confined Space is confined spacethat has one or more of the followingcharacteristics:
Contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere; Contains a material that has the potential for
engulfing an entrant;
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant
could become trapped or asphyxiated; or Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.
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Engulfment
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Non-Permit Confined Space
A confined space that does not contain or, with
respect to atmospheric hazards, does not have
the potential to contain any hazard capable of
causing death of serious physical harm.
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Definitions
ENTRANT: The employee who will physically enter theconfined space.
ATTENDANT: The employee who remains outside the
confined space and monitors the entrant(s); guards the
space against unauthorized entry; warns the entrants ofany unusual conditions; and summons the rescue
personnel if needed.
ENTRY SUPERVISOR: The employee responsible for
coordinating the entry into the confined space. Thismust be a team leader or foreman.
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ENTRY
Any part of the body passing
through the opening is
considered entry.
Confined space entry isallowed only through :
Permit -required confined
space.
Non-permit confined space.
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry
Procedure
Isolate the space
Test the atmosphere
Purging, flushing or Ventilating the space
Complete the permit
Job Planning & Safety Analysis & Review of
MSDS .
Enter the space.
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Isolate the Space from all hazards
Close Valves Emp ty the Space
Depressurize, vent & drain
Lock out /Tagout Equipment
Electrical sources
pipe, line or duct
Mechan ical hazards
Rotating/reciprocating parts
Clean residue from the space
washing of all possiblecontaminants
T t f Th t h
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Test of The atmosphere
Refer to MSDS lists to determine which chemicals arepresent in a confined space.
Check for Oxygen Content:
At least 19.5% and less than 23.5%
Check for Combustibles: 0% of the LEL is Yanpet standard
Check for Toxic Gasses:
Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL < 35 ppm)
or any other hazardous materials as determined bythe use of the space.
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Always test the
air at various levels
to be sure that the
entire space is safe.
Good Air
Poor Air
Deadly Air
Good air
near the
openingdoes NOT
mean there
is good air
at thebottom!
The coating contains solvents, solvents are
heavier than air and may spread along floors.
CO
H2S, CO2
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Ventilate the space
Use mechanical vent i lat ion
Fan
Venti late at the rate o f at least 25 air
change per hour
Larger spaces require more ventilation
Make sure air sup ply is not contaminated
Ventilation air supply must be from
fresh air uncontaminated withflammables, toxins, etc.
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Ventilation & Body Harness
http://drs.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=confined+space+/v=2/l=IVI/*-http://www.piquaoh.org/images/fire/confined_%20space_big.jpghttp://drs.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=confined+space+/v=2/l=IVI/*-http://www.argus-group.com/images/ventilation.gif -
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Safety First in Confined Spaces
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Ventilation is necessary when :
When the air contains too little oxygen.
When the air contains too much oxygen.
The air is too flammable.
The air is toxic.
Oxygen deficiency may occur due to hot work or
chemical reaction.
Begin ventilating well in advance of any entry. Test the atmosphere in advance of any entry.
Ventilate as long as entrants are in space.
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Placement of warning signs
Place warning
signs where they
can be seen.
Signs must state
the hazard and the
required action..
DANGERCONFINED SPACE PERMIT
REQUIRED
AUTHORIZED PRSONNELONLY
DANGER
Confined Space
Authorized Personnel Only
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Complete Entry Permit Form
No entry is allowed without a valid permit. Permit must be correctly and completely filled out
prior to entry.
The duration of the permit may not exceed the
time allotted on the permit.
Permit must be activated by Entry Supervisors.
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Complete Entry Permit Form
The Entry Supervisor shall terminate entry andcancel work operations :
when the entry operations are completed,
when a condition that is not allowed under the
entry permit arises in or near the confined spaceor,
when an unauthorized entry of a Vessel/ConfinedSpace occurs.
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Barricades
Barriersto prevent passers-
by and the curious from
falling into the opening must
be installed. And also to
protect entrants from external
hazards.
Holes and openings must be
closed or guarded when not
attended.
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Conduct JPSA Briefing
Ent i re crew m ust attend Attendants, Entrants and Entry Supervisor
Review hazards of entry and work (JPSA)
Review PPE
Review pro cedure for contact ing rescue
verify rescue available before entry is allowed
Complete perm it
REMEMBER: SOMEONES LIFE MAY BE IN YOURHANDS!
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PPE
Eye protection:
Wear safety eyewear as per job requirement.
Hand protection:
Gloves of an appropriate material should be worn. Skin Protection:
Coveralls which cover all body, arms and legs.
Respirators:
Use Air-Purifying Respirators or Air-Supplying Respirators
depending on the nature of work and atmosphere .
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Respirators
Air-Purifying Respirators
Filters dangerous substances from the air.
You must know what hazardous substance are present
in the confined space.
NEVER use an APR in oxygen deficient confined
spaces!
Air-Supplying Respirators
Deliver a safe supply of breathing air from a tank or an
uncontaminated source.
Must be adequately monitored.
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Enter to space and proceed with job
An attendant shall be posted at the entrance. Heshall be in constant communication with the
entrants while the job is in progress.
All entrants shall sign the sign in log before
entering the space and sign out when exiting theconfined space.
The attendant shall maintain the permit and sign
in log for the duration of the work.
PERIODIC RE TESTING
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Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;
After a 10 minute ventilation period (if ventilation is
necessary);
At least 4 hour for permit-required confined spaces. More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.
Always try to find the bad air with the monitor
PERIODIC RE-TESTING
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NOTICE
Any time a limit is exceeded, no matter what the
reason, all personnel shall immediately exit the
space, and no others shall enter until atmosphericconditions are returned to safe levels.
THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS!
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Was The Tank Tested?
Wh th j b i d
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When the job is done
Remove all personnel, tools, and debris from the
space. Sign off the log.
Close the space.
Cancel the permit.
Review the job with the client (hazards, problems,other employers, etc.).
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Entrant Responsibilities
Know the hazards faced during entry
including warnings and consequences.Understand MSDS.
To assure that the space has beenadequately ventilated, isolated, emptied, or
otherwise made safe for entry. To communicate with the attendant as
necessary and immediately exit a space,when advised by the attendant, no matterwhat the reason.
To follow all safety rules and procedures thatapply to the job.
Proper use of PPE.
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Attendant/Hole Watch
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Attendant Responsibilities
To know the potentials hazards of the confined space. To monitor entrants during the job and during entry &
exit to help insure their safety.
The attendant may not abandon his post for any
reason while personnel are in the space unlessrelieved by another qualified attendant.
To monitor atmospheric conditions in the space prior
to and during entry.
To communicate with authorized entrants as
necessary and to alert entrants of need to evacuate.
To control access to the confined space.
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To assess hazards in and around the space, and take
actions.
Orders entrants to evacuate when:
Detecting a prohibited condition ( ventilation).
There is a change from the initial conditions.
Detecting a situation outside the space that may
endanger the authorized entrants ( storms, etc.)
Communication interrupted or difficult to maintain.
To summon emergency assistance as needed.
To keep records of confined space work, such as air
test results, personnel entry/exit, etc.
Attendant Responsibilities
S i R ibiliti
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Supervisor Responsibilities
To assure adequate protection is provided to
the entrants by verifying adequate lockout /
tagout and that all hazards are securely
isolated.
To ensure that necessary permits are
complete and the MSDS are attached to the
permit as needed.
To ensure required tests have been
performed.
To ensure equipment required by permits isin place
To support the attendants authority in
controlling access to a confined space.
Supervisor Responsibilities
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To assure that all personnel involved are aware of
the hazards associated with the space.
To assure that emergency services are available
prior to entry and ensure they are known to
attendants and entrants.
To verify that all personnel have exited prior to
closing the space.
To terminate and cancel permits.
Supervisor Responsibilities
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Rescue & Emergency Services
Means of emergency
rescuemust be
readilyavailableto
the confined spaceentry attendant for
emergency
extrication of
entrants.
R & E S i
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RESCUE TYPES:
Horizontal : Entry rescue
Vertical : Non-entry rescue
SAFELINE
SAFELINE
ENTRY RESCUES NON- ENTRY RESCUES
Rescue & Emergency Services
R & E S i
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Rescue & Emergency Services
A means must be provided forboth safe normal entry or exit ,
and emergency extrication.
Tripods with hoist, lifeline, and
full body harness are often
used foremergency extrication.
Fi t Aid
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First Aid measures
In all case of doubt, or when
symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Never give anything by mouth to
an unconscious person.
Inhalation :
Remove to fresh air, keep patient warm and at rest.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Give nothing by mouth.
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CONFINED SPACE
AUTHORISED PERSONNEL ONLY
DANGER