Confined Space entry Into Sanitary Pits

7/29/2019 Confined Space entry Into Sanitary Pits

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University @ Albany

Office of Environmental Health & Safety

(442-3495)

(revised) 10/7/10

Confined Space Entry Training

for University @ AlbanyEmployees


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What is a Confined Space?

Is large enough and so configured that an

employee can enter it and perform work;

Has limited or restricted means of entry;

Is not designed for continuous employee

occupancy


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A Permit - required Confined Space

alsohas one or more of these

hazards. Potential atmospheric hazard (i.e. not enough

oxygen (O2) or too much Hydrogen Sulfide(H2S)

Could engulf or trap employees (trenches,sewer or storm drain pits)

Space is shaped so it could trap an employee ormake it difficult to get out, such as sloping

floors or walls Any other serious safety and health hazard, i.e.

machinery, electricity, extreme high temp orcold


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Typical Confined Spaces:

Manholes

Storage tanks

Boiler, Degreaser, Furnace

Sewer, Utility Vault

Septic tank, Sewage Digester

Shipyard Barges

Silos, Manure Storage Pits Trenches, Shafts

Pipeline, Pit, Pumping Station

Reaction or Process Vessel


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The entrantis the person who enters a confined space.

The attendantis the person who stays outside the

confined space, uses air meter, may assist the entrantin getting out of the confined space, and calling for

emergency assistance and rescue.

The entry supervisor is responsible for coordinatingthe entry into the confined space, communicating

hazards and control measures to team and reviewing

permit. This is usually a foreman, line supervisor or

crew chief.

A Confined Space entry is never a

solo job!!!


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Attendant Responsibilities

To monitor atmospheric conditions in the spaceprior to and during entry.

To control access to the confined space.

To record air test results.

To look out for changing conditions above and

below.

To order entrants out of space if needed (ex:

medical emergency or if meter fails).

To summon emergency assistance as needed.

To never leave the post without backup.


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Entrant Responsibilities

To follow all safety rules and procedures that

apply to the job.

To be familiar with the work to be performed

and the procedures that apply to the job.

To use the appropriate PPE whenever

necessary.

Maintain communication with attendant

To immediately exit a space, without question,

if attendant tells them to.


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SupervisorsResponsibilities

To assure that all personnel involved are aware ofhazards of the confined space prior to entry .

To assure adequate protection is provided to theentrants by verifying adequate lockout/tagout and thatall other hazards are securely isolated, blocked,

blanked, etc and PPE is available. To support the attendants authority in controlling

access to a confined space.

To notify Power Plant Base before each Confined Spaceentry.

To verify that all personnel have exited prior to closingthe space.

To assure that rescue services and the means tosummon them are readily available.

Send completed permit to EHS Chemistry Room B-73


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One of the primary hazards

of entering confined spacesis oxygen deficiency.

When oxygen level is

less than 19.5% the

atmosphere is said to be

oxygen deficient.

O2

O2

Sowhat are the hazards?


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The human body requires

oxygen to carry out cellular

metabolism. Oxygen is

brought in through the

lungs and transported to

cells of body organs by the

red blood cells. Whenblood is rich in oxygen it

turns red.

**Note: acceptable O2 level

ranges are 19.5 - 23.5%**

O2CO2.

Why?


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Hazards of Oxygen Deficiency

CO2

O2

19.5% minimum acceptable level

15-19% early symptoms , fatigue,

disorientation

12-14% rapid breathing, poor judgment

10-12% rapid breathing, lips blue

8-10% mental failure, fainting, nausea,

vomiting, unconsciousness

6-8% 8 minutes at this conc.= Death

6 minutes 50-50 chance you might live,

4 or 5 minutespossible recovery

4-6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death


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HazardsToxic and Flammable

Gases & Vapors

Manholes often remain

covered for long periods

of time. Naturally

occurring toxins, such asHydrogen Sulfide

can accumulate inside of

manholes.

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Is another common hazard.H2S

Manholes may also

accumulate highly

flammable gasessuch

as methane & ethane.

C

O


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Hydrogen Sulfide

Decomposition of materials. Human Waste.

Rotten egg odor at low concentrations.

Possibly no warning at high concentrations.

Conc. (ppm) Effect

10 Permissible exposure level ( 8 hours max.)

50100 Mild irritationeyes, throat200-300 Significant Irritation

500-1000 Unconsciousness, Death


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Carbon Monoxide

Odorless, Colorless Gas.

Combustion By-Product.

Workers have quickly collapsed at high

concentrations. PPM Effect

50 Permissible Exposure Level ( 8 hours)

200 Slight headache, discomfort

600 Headache, discomfort

1000-2000 Confusion, nausea, headache,

tendency to stagger, heart palpitations

2000-5000 Unconsciousness


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Confined Space Entry - Hazards

Toxics aresometimes illegallyput into sanitaryand storm sewers.

Leaking oil tanks orspills may migrateunder groundand seep into

manholes.

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Material can leach

through soil from

many miles

away.

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Confined Space Entry - Hazards

Trenches, ravines and other

excavations may also

be considered confinedspaces, if there is a

potential for accumulation

of toxic gases, engulfment

and/or the depletion ofoxygen. ?


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The Confined Space Permit

First things first. Pre-Planning.The entry of a confined space always starts with the permit.

Confined Space Entry Permit

Location and Description of Confined Space:

Reason for Entry:

Attendants/Entrants/Supervisor:

Atmospheric Monitoring:

The OSHA conf inedspace standard

requ ires that an entry

superv isor v is i t the

work locat ion and

evaluate the cond i t ion s

under which entry wi ll

be made.


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Pre-planning

Identify hazards of eachconfined space entry

job. Complete andreview permit as ateam:supervisor, attendant,entrant

Countermeasures,controls and safetyequipment neededshould be listed on thepermit.


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Pre-planning and hazard controls


Requirements

Eye protection yes no

Respiratory protection yes no

Continuous Ventilation yes no

Body Protection yes no

Hand Protection yes no

Foot Protection yes no

Weather Protection yes no

Safety measures includepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE)

Eye and head injuries arealways a potential,therefore safety glasses andhard hats are required

wear for entrants.

other PPE may also beneeded (i.e. respirators)


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o

Danger

Do not use!

More hazard controls


Requirements

Ground Fault Interruption yes no

Lockout of Hazardous

Energy Sources yes no

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) arerequired for portable electric tools.

Lockout and tag equipmentboth in the confined spaceand on adjacent equipmentand processes as needed.


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Hazard ControlsIsolation

Examples:

Locking and Tagging out electrical

sources and shutoff valves.

Blanking and bleeding pneumatic and

hydraulic lines.

Disconnecting mechanical drives and

shafts.

Securing mechanical parts.

Blanking sewer and water flow.


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A means must be providedfor both safe normal entry

or exit, and emergencyextrication.

Tripods with hoist,

lifeline, and full body harnessare often used for emergencyextrication.

Ladders may be used forordinary entry andexit.


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Confined Space

Hazard Controls

Use barriers and signs to

prevent students and

pedestrians from falling

into the opening.

Holes and openings mustbe closed or guarded

when not

attended.


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Confined Spaces -- Monitoring

H2S

HCN

Take samplesbefore andduring entry.

CH4

CO

CO2

O2

Attendants mustconstantly monitorthe confined space

for toxic gases,oxygen, andcombustible gases.

Use a 4-gas metersuch as the ScottScout (availablethru Power Plant)


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Monitoring: Should you ventilate?

If concentrations of

materials are found to

be at harmful levels,the confined space

must be ventilated to

remove thembefore

entry.

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Fresh Air

Fresh outside

air is blown into

the space to diluteand remove

contaminants, and

supply oxygen.

O2 O2

O2

O2


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Monitoring

Remember:

Should the

concentration

of contaminants remain

at harmful levels even

after ventilating

---DO NOT ENTER---call

EH&S (2-3495) for help.

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Fresh Air

O2 O2

O2

O2

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Confined Spaces - Rescue

Should conditions

develop

which require extrication,and the entrant cannot

get out of the confined

space on their own,the attendant must

call for emergency

assistance at once!


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Confined Spaces - Rescue

The attendant may attempt toremove the entrant from the

confined space using tripods, hoist,

and lifelines. Attendants must not

enter to perform rescue. Many

who die in C-S are the wouldbe

rescuers!!

Only properly trained emergency

rescue personnel may enter confinedspaces to make rescues.

(i.e. Albany Fire Department)


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Hazards of Confined Spaces:

Summary

Toxic Atmospheres (H2S, CO, CO2)

Not enough or too much Oxygen

Flammable Atmospheres

Temperature Extremes Engulfment hazards

Process hazards (welding, degreasing, gas-powered

Equipment, solvents)

Conditions changing from non-hazardous

to hazardous.

Noise, Slick/Wet surfaces, Falling Objects


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Questions?Contact the EH&S Office (442-3495)

*******************************************************************References:

OSHA 29CFR 1910.146 Permit-Required Confined

Spaces

University Confined Space Entry Policy

Confined Space entry Into Sanitary Pits

Documents

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