1

Nicolelis, Nature 2001

Andrew Schwartz, Nature( 2008)

Cortical Neuroprosthesis for Restoring Motor Functions

Nicolelis & Chapin. Scientific American,

2002

Nicolelis, Sc.American

Kotchoubey et al. (2001) Epilepsia

training

Neurofeedback in ADHD

patient‘s screen

trainer‘s screen patient

amplifier

Strehl et al. Pediatrics (2006)

Near Infrared Spectroscopy-

BCI in Attention

Deficit Disorder

From Ranganatha Sitaram et al Neuroimage, 2007

The fMRI-BCI

Birbaumer et al., Arch.Gen.Psychiatry (2005)

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Operant Training of Cerebral Oxygenation

R R R

session 1 session 2 session 3

t-w

ert

fMRI-BCI-Training of BOLD-Increase in the Right Anterior Insula

Caria et al, Neuroimage 2007

Caria et al. (2010) Biol.Psychiatry

Session number

Linear increase of activation over time in the left insula

Criminal Psychopaths

Caria et al 2013

Sitaram et al 2014

15

• Significant reductions in Physical Aggression (pre-post)

Pre-Post Measure Results

r= -.492, p=.037

Ph

ys

ica

l A

gg

res

sio

n t

2-t

1

(BP

AQ

)

SCP- Differentiation

• are sign. related to SCP-Training

performance

• Reductions in Behavioral

Approach are sign. related to

SCP-Training performance

• Reactive Agg. & Agg. Inhibition (FAF)

are sign. related to SCP-Training

performance

(Konicar et

al., 2014)

Science, 2002

Birbaumer et al. Nature (1999)

Kübler & Birbaumer(2008) Clin.Neurophysiol.

Birbaumer et al. Current Opinion in Neurology, 2008

Source:Report in Newsweek of Birbaumer et al. Nature (1999)

George (with patient‘s permission)

Completely locked-in patient GR with 120 electrode grid implanted

êpidurally left fronto-central cortex

Imagery of hand movement"

“Yes"

Imagery of foot movement

“no“

Ramos et al (2011)

Semantic Classical Conditioning

Thinking YES

„Berlin is the Capital of Germany“

No Stim & CS Left

Change in

EEG (EKG)

Thinking NO

„Berlin is the Capital of Spain“

Aversive Stim. & CS

Change in

EEG (EKG)

Furdea et al. (2012) J.Neurosc.Methods DeMassari et al, Brain (2013)

NIRS Signal for

Yes and No

EEG Signal for

Yes and No

NIRS Signal Acquisition System EEG Signal Acquisition System

NIRS Feedback

ALS patient attending to

auditory stimuli

NIRS optodes + EEG

electrodes placed on the

motor region of the patient

Feature Extraction

Changes in oxy or de-oxy

hemoglobin for Yes and No

Train the NIRS SVM

classifer

Patient are presented 20 personal

questions, 10 true and 10 true false

in random order in each session

Patient thinking “ja” and “Nein,”

for true and false sentence,

respectively for 15 sec.

Sleep Monitoring and

offline signal classification

Chaudhary, U. & Birbaumer, N. submitted

Katrin,W. 23y., Juvenile ALS. Completely Locked-In. With her and family‘s permission

Questions with known answers plus feedback of NIRS classification

Completely locked-in (CLIS)

Patient W.F.

Communication with NIRS-

Brain Machine-Interface (BMI):

Blue bars: questions with known

Answers

Orange bars: open questions

Black dots below last session-

Period: questions asked by

Unknown voice

Permission of legal guardian

(husband)

From Gallegos-Ayala et al,

Neurology (2014)

Fun lojter hofenung wer ich noch

meschuge.

Sono matto di speranza

I am mad with hope.

Estoy loco de esperanza

Vor lauter Hoffnung werd‘ ich noch verrückt.

Itxaropena izugarria daukat

Jiddish Saying

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