Conditional:Present Real (If _____Will)Present Unreal (If _____Would)

Hope-Clauses

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• Describing Plans andIntentions

• Consequences of Actions• Discussing Future Events

• Expressing Hopes • Asking for and Giving Reasons• Making Deductions• Emergencies

VOCABULARY PREVIEW

1. coin2. pollution3. report card4. representative5. wishing well

6. drop in7. encourage8. hold hands9. increase

10. sneeze

11. aggressive12. burnt13. carsick14. dressed up15. missing

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They Aren’t Sure

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A. How is Angela going to get to work tomorrow?

B. She isn’t sure.If the weather is good, she’ll probably ride her bicycle.If the weather is bad, she’ll probably take the bus.

if will

1. What’s Ben going to do this Saturday?If it’s sunny, .If it rains, .

2. What are you going to do tomorrow?If I still have a cold, .If I feel better, .

3. What are Mr. and Mrs. Taylor going to do tonight?If they’re tired, .If they feel energetic, .

4. Where is Roy going to have lunch today?If he’s busy, .If he isn’t busy, .

5. Where is Lisa going to go after school today?If she has a lot of homework, .If she doesn’t have a lot of homework, .

6. What’s Alan going to have for dessert this evening?If he decides to stay on his diet, .If he decides to forget about his diet, .

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Do You Think . . . ?

A. Do you think Rover should come to the beach with us today?

B. No, I don’t. If he comes to the beach with us today, he might get carsick.

if might

1. Do you think Abigail should go to school today?give her cold to the other children

2. Do you think I should skip my history class today?miss something important

3. Do you think Roger should quit his job? have trouble finding another one

4. Do you think I should put some more salt in the soup?spoil it

5. Do you think we should try to break up that fight?get hurt

6. Do you think Ricky should stay up and watch TV with us?have trouble getting up in the morning

7. Do you think I should marry Norman?regret it for the rest of your life

8.

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I Hope Our Team Wins the Game Tomorrow

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A. I hope our team wins the gametomorrow.

B. I hope so, too.

I hope it rains tomorrow.I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

1. 2.

Will I get the job? I hope so.

Will the cake be burnt?I hope not.

A. I hope the teacher doesn’t give aquiz today.

B. I hope not, too.

Will our team win the game tomorrow?I hope so.

Will the teacher give a quiz today?I hope not.

3. 4.

Will the weather be nice this weekend? I hope so.

Will our dinner guests be late?I hope not.

5. 6.

Will it rain tomorrow?I hope not.

Will our new boss be friendly? I hope so.

7. 8.

Will Dad be laid off again?I hope not.

Will we be invited to our Englishteacher’s birthday party? I hope so.

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I Hope

A. Do you think the train will be crowded?

B. I hope not.If the train is crowded, we’ll have to stand.And if we have to stand, we’ll be exhausted by the timewe get to work!

A. You’re right. I hope the train isn’t crowded.

A. Do you think the boss will retire this year?

B. I hope not.If , his son will take his place.And if , everybody will quit!

A. You’re right. I hope .

A. Do you think the economy will get worse this year?

B. I hope not.If , I’ll have to get a second job.And if , my family will be very upset!

A. You’re right. I hope .

A. Do you think Mr. Mudge will increase our rent this year?

B. I hope not.If , we won’t be able to pay it.And if , we’ll have to move!

A. You’re right. I hope .

A. Do you think our computer will be at the repair shop fora long time?

B. I hope not.If , we won’t have access to the Internet.And if , we won't be able to readour e-mail!

A. You’re right. I hope .

1.

3.

4.

2.

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THE WISHING WELL

There’s a park in the center of Danville,and in the park there’s a wishing well. It’sa very popular spot with the people ofDanville. Every day people pass by thewishing well, drop in a coin, and make awish. Some people make wishes abouttheir jobs, others make wishes about theweather, and lots of people make wishesabout their families and friends.

Today is a particularly busy day at thewishing well. Many people are coming byand making wishes about their hopes forthe future.

READING

Ralph hopes he sells a lotof used cars this month. If hesells a lot of used cars, he’llreceive a large year-end bonus.

Patricia hopes she gets araise soon. If she gets a raise,her family will be able to takea vacation.

Andy hopes it snowstomorrow. If it snows, hisschool might be closed.

Nancy and Paul hope theyfind a cheap apartment soon.If they find a cheapapartment, they won’t have tolive with Paul’s parentsanymore.

Claudia hopes her nextmovie is a big success. If it’sa big success, she’ll be richand famous.

John hopes he gets goodgrades on his next report card.If he gets good grades, hisparents will buy him the CDplayer he has wanted for along time.

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You’re talking with the people in the story. Using this model, create dialogs based on the story.

A. I hope I sell a lot of used cars this month.B. Oh?A. Yes. If I sell a lot of used cars, I’ll receive a large year-end bonus.B. Well, good luck! I hope you sell a lot of used cars!A. Thanks.

READING CHECK-UP

CHOOSE

1. We hope our landlord doesn’t ourrent.

a. increaseb. improve

2. Jennifer is very smart. She gets goodin all her subjects.

a. cardsb. grades

3. People go to the wishing well and makeabout the future.

a. profitsb. wishes

4. Have you today’s mail yet?a. receivedb. accepted

5. Arthur hopes his new Broadway play is a big .

a. accessb. success

6. The company couldn’t increase my salary this year, but they gave me a very nice .

a. raiseb. bonus

Mr. and Mrs. Clark hopethey live to be a hundred. Ifthey live to be a hundred,they’ll be able to watch theirgrandchildren and great-grandchildren grow up.

J.P. Morgan hopes thenation’s economy improvesnext year. If the economyimproves, his company’sprofits will increase.

You can see why the wishing wellis a very popular spot with the peopleof Danville. Day after day, peoplepass by, drop in their coins, and hopethat their wishes come true.

And Wendy hopes she getsaccepted to medical school. If shegets accepted to medical school,she’ll become a doctor, just likeher mother and grandfather.

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If They Lived Closer, They’d Visit Us More Often

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A. Why don’t our grandchildren visit us more often?

B. They don’t live close enough.If they lived closer, they’d visit us more often.

1. Why don’t I feel energetic?You don’t sleep enough.If .

2. Why isn’t Sally a good driver?She isn’t careful enough.If .

A. Why isn’t Alexander able to lift weights?

B. He isn’t strong enough.If he were* stronger, he’d be able to lift weights.

* If [I, he, she, it, we, you, they] were . . .

(I would) I’d(He would) He’d(She would) She’dIt would work.

(We would) We’d(You would) You’d(They would) They’d

if would

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11. Why don’t our representatives in Congress do something about pollution?They aren’t concerned enough about the environment.If .

12. Why doesn’t our English teacher buy a new pair of shoes?He doesn’t make enough money.If .

9. Why doesn’t my car get better gas mileage?You don’t tune up your engine often enough.If .

10. Why don’t you and Janet get along with each other?We don’t have enough in common.If .

7. Why aren’t most Americans in good physical condition?They don’t exercise enough.If .

8. Why isn’t Melvin a good salesman?He isn’t aggressive enough.If .

5. Why doesn’t Amy have friends at school?She isn’t outgoing enough.If .

6. Why doesn’t Stan have a yearly checkup?He doesn’t care enough about his health.If .

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3. Why doesn’t Brian get good grades?He doesn’t study enough.If .

4. Why aren’t you satisfied with your job?I don’t get paid enough.If .

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A. I wonder why Olivia works so hard.

B. She must like her job.

A. You’re probably right.If she didn’t like her job, she wouldn’t work so hard.

1. I wonder why Gary is so nervous.He must have an exam today.

2. I wonder why our supervisor is shouting at us today.She must be in a bad mood.

A. I wonder why Paul is so dressed up.

B. He must have a job interview.

A. You’re probably right.If he didn’t have a job interview, he wouldn’t be so dressed up.

If She Didn’t Like Her Job, She Wouldn’t Work So Hard

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if wouldn’t (would not)

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9. I wonder why I’m sneezing so much.You must be allergic to my perfume.

10.

7. I wonder why Donald gets into so many fights.He must like to argue with people.

8. I wonder why my brother and hisgirlfriend hold hands all the time.They must be in love.

5. I wonder why Gregory makes so many mistakes.He must be careless.

6. I wonder why Beth is home tonight.She must have to take care of her littlebrother.

3. I wonder why Rover is barking at the door.He must want to go outside.

4. I wonder why Melanie wants to be a schoolteacher.She must like children.

Expressing Agreement

Practice the conversations in this lesson again. Express agreement in different ways.

You’re probablyright.

I think you’reright.

I think that’sright.

I think that’strue.

That’s probablytrue.

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For several months, Barry’s family hasbeen encouraging him to ask his boss for araise, but Barry refuses to do it. Thereason is that he’s afraid his boss mightget angry and say “No.” Barry says that ifhe weren’t afraid of his boss’s reaction, hewould be willing to ask for a raise. Barry’sfamily hopes he changes his mind and asksfor a raise soon.

READING CHECK-UP

LISTENING

Listen and choose the statement that is true based on what you hear.

1. a. It’s raining today.b. It isn’t raining today.

2. a. We have enough money.b. We don’t have enough money.

3. a. Mrs. Carter isn’t her English teacher.b. Mrs. Carter is her English teacher.

4. a. They might receive bonuses.b. The company’s profits didn’t increase.

5. a. He isn’t allergic to trees.b. He isn’t going hiking this weekend.

6. a. He isn’t going to the movies tonight.b. He doesn’t have to work tonight.

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THEY WOULD BE WILLING TO IF . . .

READING

For several months, Frederick has beenpressuring his wife, Doris, to go to thedentist, but she refuses to go. The reasonis that she can’t stand the sound of thedentist’s drill. Doris says that if thedentist’s drill didn’t bother her so much,she would be willing to go to the dentist.Frederick hopes his wife changes her mindand goes to the dentist soon.

TRUE, FALSE, OR MAYBE?

Answer True, False, or Maybe (if the answer isn’t in the story).

1. Frederick refuses to go to the dentist.2. Doris is going to find a different dentist.3. Doris would be willing to go to the dentist if the sound of the drill didn’t bother her.4. Barry isn’t willing to ask for a raise right now.5. If Barry asked for a raise, his boss would say “No.”6. Barry’s family began to encourage him to ask for a raise one month ago.

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TALK ABOUT IT! Are You Prepared for Emergencies?

Talk with other students about these emergencies.

What would you do with themoney if you won a milliondollars on a TV game show?Write about it in your journal.

1. What would you do if you saw a badaccident?

2. What would you do if you saw someonehaving a heart attack?

3. What would you do if somebody in yourfamily were missing?

4. What would you do if you were bitten by adog?

5. What would you do if you were at the beachand you saw someone drowning?

6. What would you do if somebody came up toyou on the street and tried to rob you?

7. What would you do if a fire broke out inyour house or apartment?

8. What would you do if you were lying in bedand you heard someone trying to break intoyour house or apartment?

Think of some other emergencies and talk with other students about what you would do.

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KEY VOCABULARY

VERBS

break updrop inencourageget acceptedget paid

get worsehold handshopeincreasemake a wish

NOUNS

accessbonuscoinCongressdrilleconomy

environmentphysical conditionpollutionprofitsreactionreport card

ADJECTIVES

aggressiveburntcarsickdressed upimportantmissing

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PRONUNCIATION Contractions with would

If I got paid more, I’d be satisfied with my job.

If she were more outgoing, she’d have friendsat school.

Listen. Then say it.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

PRESENT REAL CONDITIONAL (IF___WILL)

I I’llwe we’llyou feel you’llthey they’llIf better, eat dinner.he he’ll she feels she’llit it’ll

GRAMMAR

representativesoundspotsuccesswishwishing well

missskipsneezespoil

PRESENT UNREAL CONDITIONAL (IF___WOULD)

I I’dhe he’dshe she’dIf we had more time, we’d

study more.

you you’d they they’d

I Ihe heshe didn’t have she wouldn’t beIf we an exam, we nervous.you youthey they

I I’dhe he’dshe she’d be able toIf we were stronger, we’d do that.you you’d they they’d

I Ihe heshe weren’t she wouldn’t makeIf we careless, we mistakes.you youthey they

If we had more in common, we’d get along better.

If you tuned up your car more often, it’d getbetter gas mileage.

Say it. Then listen.

HOPE-CLAUSES

I IWe hope we getYou youThey they a raise soon.

He hopes he getsShe she

I hope it rains tomorrow.I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

I hope the weather is nice this weekend.I hope the weather isn’t bad this weekend.

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Volume 4 Number 2

The Music ofWishes and

Hopes

Songwriters often express wishes and hopes through their music.Their songs are filled with lyrics such as “If I could . . . ,“ “If I had . . . ,” “If I were. . . ,” I wish . . . ,” and “I hope . . . .” Here are some favorite songs about wishes and hopes from the worldsof popular, folk, Broadway, country, and rock music.

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FACT FILE

Song Search

WORD NUMBER OF SONGS

WITH WORD IN TITLE

“if” 1130

“hope” 41

“wish” 149

Feature ArticleFact FileAround the WorldInterviewWe’ve Got Mail!

Global ExchangeListeningFun with IdiomsWhat Are They

Saying?

“If I Were a Rich Man”:In the musical Fiddler onthe Roof, Tevye, a poordairyman, sings that hewishes he were rich. If hewere a rich man, hewouldn’t have to workhard, and he would build a big house for his family.

“(If I Could) Change the World”: Singer EricClapton won a Grammy Award for this song fromthe movie Phenomenon. In this song, the singerwishes he could change the world and be with thegirl he loves. If he could, he would be the centerof her universe. He would be a king, and shewould be a queen. But for now, he realizes it’simpossible.

“(If I Could Save) Time in aBottle”: In this song written by JimCroce, the singer wishes he hadmore time to spend with hisgirlfriend. If it were possible, hewould save time the way people savemoney. He would save the days in abottle and then spend all the timewith the one he loves.

“If I Had a Hammer”: Thisfamous folk song wasoriginally written as a poem byLee Hays, then put to music byPete Seeger. The singer singsabout what he would do tobring peace all over the land.He sings that if he had a hammer, he’d hammer in themorning. If he had a bell, he’d ring it. If he had asong, he’d sing it. This popular tune was madefamous by the folk singers Peter, Paul, and Mary.

Try to find some of these songs and listen to them. Do you knowother songs about wishes and hopes?

“I Hope You Dance”: Thissong of hope is sung by thepopular country music singerLee Ann Womack. She singsabout her hopes for the peopleshe loves. She hopes theynever go hungry or withoutlove. She hopes they find joy insimple pleasures like the ocean.She hopes they appreciate whatthey have.

“If I Were a Bell”: In this songfrom the musical Guys andDolls, Sarah Brown sings abouther feelings for the man sheloves, a gambler named SkyMasterson. She is so happy thatif she were a bell, she’d beringing. If she were a gate,she’d be swinging.

“If I Had a Million Dollars”:In this popular song sung bythe Canadian groupBarenaked Ladies, the leaderof the group sings about whathe would do if he had amillion dollars. He would buythe woman he loves a house, furniture, a car, an exoticpet, a green dress, and other things.

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Making WishesThere are many different traditions andcustoms for making wishes around the world.

Which of these traditions for wishing did you know about? What are some traditions that you know?

Hold one end of a wishbone (froma chicken or turkey) while someoneelse holds the other end. Make awish, then break the wishbone. Ifyou get the longer piece, your wishwill come true. (The United States)

At midnight on NewYear’s Eve, eat onegrape for each ofthe twelve chimesof the clock. Makethe same wish asyou eat each grapeand your wish willcome true. (Spain,Portugal, andVenezuela)

Stand with your back toa fountain. Throw threecoins, one at a time,over your shoulder intothe water. Each timemake the same wish. Ifyou hear the coinssplash into the waterthree times, your wishwill come true. (Europe)

If you find afour-leafclover, makea wish andthen throwthe cloveraway.(Ireland)

If youcatch afalling leaf,make awish.(Japan)

When you seelightning,make awish. (ThePhilippines)

When you seea new moon,hold a coin upto the moonand wish formoney. As themoon increases,your money willincrease.(Jamaica)

If you make awish as youthrow a coinor a pebbleinto a wishingwell, yourwish maycome true.(Manycountries)

When you see the first star in the eveningsky, say this poem and make a wish:

Star light, star bright,First star I see tonight.I wish I may, I wish I mightHave the wish I wish tonight.

(Many countries with similar poems indifferent languages)

Make a wish beforeyou blow out thecandles on abirthday cake. (TheUnited States andother countries)

If you open a nutshell and find twonuts instead of one, give one to afriend. Each of you should make awish. If you’re the person whoremembers to say “lucky nut” the nextmorning, you will get your wish.(Russia)

When you seethe first fullmoon of theyear, make awish. (Korea)

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a. I’m very happy.

b. I’ll do anything for you.

c. I’m very sad.

d. You aren’t a nice person.

____ 1. You’re breaking my heart.

____ 2. You light up my life.

____ 3. You’re a heel!

____ 4. You’ve got me wrapped around your little finger.

You’re breaking my heart.

You’re a heel! You’ve got me wrappedaround your little finger.

You light up my life.

A Side by Side Gazettereporter asked these people:

What would you doif you won a milliondollars?

I don’t know. Iwouldn’t quit my job, that’sfor sure! I wouldn’t knowwhat to do if I had so muchfree time.

I think I would quit myjob and travel around theworld.

I’d pay all my bills, and I’dpay off all my debts. I’d put therest of the money in the bank.

I’d invest some money,and I’d save the rest for mychildren’s college education.

All my life I’ve dreamedabout starting my own business.I’d open up a flower shop, andmy dream would come true.

I’d give most of themoney to charities that helppeople. I’d really feel good ifI could do that.

I’d help my parents.They don’t have a lot ofmoney. I’d buy them a housein a nice neighborhood.

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Dear “Hoping for an Answer,”Yes, those people are making a very common grammar

mistake. We understand why you think the future tenseshould be used to express hope about the future. It seems tomake sense. Unfortunately, grammar rules in English don'talways make sense! In this case, the rule is that the presenttense should be used. We hope this answers your question.

Sincerely,

Side by Side

Dear “Confused About Conditionals,”Your question is wonderful because it shows the difference

between grammatically correct English and the informal Englishpeople use every day. “Were” is the grammatically correct verbin these conditional sentences. However, it is indeed verycommon in informal speech for people to say “was.” If youwere a student in our classroom, we would encourage you touse “were.” That’s the correct form, and after all, you’restudying the rules of the language!

Sincerely,

Side by Side

a. to plan a vacation

b. to repeat the menu

c. to fly in the U.S. or Canada

d. to speak to a representative

e. to find out about today’s flights

f. to fly overseas

g. to get travel awards

h. to listen to airport check-in rules

e 1

2

3

4

5

Tempo Airlines

6

7

8

Send a message to a keypal. Tell aboutyour plans for the weekend.

Press

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