What is a concussion? A concussion is a brain injury that cannot be seen on routine x-rays, CT scans or MRIs. Any blow to the head, face or neck, or a blow to the body that jars the head, could cause a concussion.

What are the signs and symptoms of a concussion? Symptoms of a concussion can appear immediately or a few days after the impact. Concussions can appear as a variety of symptoms, and each person might experience concussion in a different way. It is typical to experience one or more of the following symptoms:

CONCUSSION: THE BASICS

Our aim is an injury-free Canada. Parachute is bringing attention to the issue of preventable injury and to help Canadians reduce their risks of injury and enjoy long lives lived to the fullest.

PHYSICAL• Dizziness • Nausea or vomiting • “Pressure in the head” • Headache • Balance problems • Sensitivity to light • Neck pain • Seizure or convulsion • Blurred vision • Loss of consciousness

EMOTIONAL

• Irritability • Nervous or anxious • More emotional • Feeling like in a “fog” • “Don’t feel right” • Sadness

COGNITIVE

• Sensitivity to noise • Feeling slowed down • Fatigue or low energy • Difficulty remembering • Confusion • Drowsiness • Difficulty concentrating • Amnesia

SLEEP

• Insomnia – unable to sleep • Poor sleep quality • Sleeping too much

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What should I do if I suspect a concussion? Anyone with a suspected concussion should be checked out by a medical doctor.

If any red flag symptoms are present, get medical help immediately. If the person is unconscious, call an ambulance. Do not move the person or remove any equipment, such as a helmet, in case of a spine injury.

How long does a concussion last? The symptoms of a concussion often start to improve within 10-14 days, but may last longer. In some cases, it can take weeks or months to heal. If you have had a concussion before, you may take longer to heal the next time.

How is a concussion treated? Care for a concussion can involve a variety of treatments and a team of health professionals, depending on the symptoms and how a person’s condition improves. Common recommendations would include rest in the early days, followed by a gradual return to activity under the supervision of a medical professional.

Where can I get more information? Parachute has resources to learn about concussion prevention, recognition, and management. Visit our website parachutecanada.org/concussion or download the Concussion Ed App for information on the go.

CONCUSSION: THE BASICS

• Person complains of neck pain

• Deteriorating conscious state

• Increasing confusion or irritability

• Severe or increasing headache

• Repeated vomiting

• Unusual behaviour change

• Seizure or convulsion

• Double vision

• Weakness or tingling / burning in arms or legs

911

RED FLAGS

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