Concrete Patology

8/13/2019 Concrete Patology

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Concrete Structure Pathology


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Introduction

Building pathology embraces a holistic approach to the repair of buildings

and structures. This involves a detailed understanding of how the

structure is built, the materials of which it is constructed, how it has been

used, how it has performed over time, and all the factors that have

affected its current condition

How is the

built Process

MaterialPerformance

History of

Building

Building

Perfomance

Envirotment of

Structure

Best Repair

Method


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Material Of Concrete

Concrete are created from several material which is Cement, Water, Fine

aggregates (Sand) and Coarse aggregates (crushed Stone)

Paste

Mortar

Cement


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Concrete in Structure

In Land In Water Structure


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Concrete Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages

Concrete can handle the compression stresses.

Concrete is a brittle material

Easy to handle in mix specially now there is a batching plant

Can be form in any shape

Disadvantages:

Concrete is weak in handling tension.

Because concrete is a britile material the strength upon shear

Needs another material to reinforce it against excessive shear and tension,


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Quality By Process in Concrete

Material

Component Mix Design ForCompression Or

flexural

Type Of Cement

Water

Properties

Fine Aggregates

Properties

Coarse Aggregates

Properties

Need Of Aditive ?

Mixing Concrete

Sample for Test

Workabillity

Slump Test

Curing

Sample for Test fullfill the mix

design Aim ?

Does Field Test meet the mix design Aim ?

Structure Test


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Concrete in Sea

For several reasons, effect of seawater on concrete deserves special attention.

First, coastal and offshore sea structures are exposed to the simultaneous action of a

number of physical and chemical deterioration processes, which provide an excellent

opportunity to understand the complexity of concrete durability problems in practice.

Second, oceans make up 80 percent of the surface of the earth; therefore, a large

number of structures are exposed to seawater either directly or indirectly (e.g., winds

can carry seawater spray up to a few miles inland from the coast). Concrete piers,

decks, break-water, and retaining walls are widely used in the construction of harbors

and docks. To relieve land from pressures of urban congestion and pollution, floatingoffshore platforms made of concrete are being considered for location of new airports,

power plants, and waste disposal facilities. The use of concrete offshore drilling

platforms and oil storage tanks is already on the increase.


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Concrete in Sea

For the construction of concrete structures in marine environment, important lessons

from case histories of concrete deteriorated by seawater can be summed up as follows:

1. Permeability is the key to durability.

2. Type and severity of deterioration may not be uniform throughout the structure3. Corrosion of embedded steel is, generally, the major cause of concrete

deterioration in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures exposed to

seawater, but in low-permeability concrete this does not appear to be the first

cause of cracking


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Concrete Deterioration

Crack type

Flexural

Shear

Tensile


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Corrotion


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Carbonation


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Fatique the phenomenon of rupture under repeated loadings each of which is

smaller than a single static load that exceeds the strength of the

material. Fatigue is exhibited when a material fails under stress

applied by direct tension or compression, torsion, bending or a

combination of these actions.


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Monitoring & Maintance of Concrete Structure

Type Of Test

Destructive Test

Drill Test

Tension Test

Compression Test, etc

Non Destructive Test

Hammer Test Rebar Detector Test

Ultra Sonic Test, etc


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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)Despite recent developments in the engineering of innovative sensors a number of issues haslimited their applications to civil engineering structures. Civil structures are inherently large indimension, geometrically complex with different elements and joints, and composed ofdiverse materials. The response of structural elements is due to an assortment ofperturbations and therefore the measurements of interest are not limited to strains and

vibrations. For instance, measurement of importance in cable stays is force and the conditionof strands, i.e. rupturing of the strands. Whereas detection of cracks, excessive deflectionsand corrosion in reinforcing bars is important in concrete elements and structural systems


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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Maintance Time


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Strenghtening of Concrete

Concrete Structure Jacketing


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Concrete Structure Injection & Grouting


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Concrete Corrosion Inhibitor


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Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete


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Method For Repairing Structure

Structure show failure / below standart condition in field

Find Structure

Problem

Look at Design &Drawing Of Structure

Structure History

Envirotment History

Test In Field

Material Test

Structure Test

Performance Test

First Decision to

Maintance

Second Decision

to Maintance /

Repair

Strenghtening

Material Repair

Structure repairStructure health


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Case 1 : Mosque Dome Failure

Different condition between design and construction in field. Crack

happen in dome supporting


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Case 1 : Mosque Dome Failure

Envirotment = normal condition

History of building = change in dome diameter but no change in support

structure

Test = Crack Test

+ 13.66

+ 10.20

Kolom 700 mm

Skur, baja WF 400. 200. 8. 13

Baja 2L 70. 70. 6Plat landasan bentuk Utebal 12 mm + grouting

Balok 300/600

HILTI 16

HILTI 2 12

Plat penahan geser tebal 12 mm

lebar 200 mm, dilas.

Dilas

+ grouting

Plat penahan geser tebal 12 mmlebar 200 mm dan dilas

Plat penegar tebal 8 mm

HILTI 16

total 40 bh

2 sisi

Plat ring tebal 12 mm 2

00

Balok ring

Kolompipih 150/700

= 8 buah

tebal las = 10 mm

650

1200

200

810

A

460

5120

60.46

706

226

B

6 D16

6 D16

4 D13

Balok 250/600

600tul.12D16 +4D13

Kolom250/700

6 D166 D16

Begel 12-100

Balok 250/600

Beg. 12-100

Angker4D16

dalam 1 kolom pipih

Begel 12-100

Angker4D16

dalam 1 kolom pipih

digrouting

600


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Case 2 : Building Failure

Remodel of WF Roof Trus

Strenghtening using CFRP

POT. KUDA-KUDA BAJA

1600

Kolom PedestalWF 400x200x8x13

Stiffener Plate

t = 10 mm

Kuda-kudaWF 400x200x8x13 9

120 120

Kolom PedestalWF 400x200x8x13

Stiffener Plate

t = 10 mm

Kuda-kuda

WF 400x200x8x13

A

B

100100

B E

Penyangga Talangdari Potongan ProfilWF 400x200x8x13

Talang Polakandari Seng

600

400

300

300

400

8

300

7

400 400 600 600 600 600 300

6' 6 5 4 3 2 1

200

600

200

200

200

200

200

600

E

D

C

B

A'

A

150

A''

150

150

150

B'

B''

B'''

C'200

200

300

300

D'

Lantai 3

B2(365)

B2(386)

B2(403)

B3

(422)

B3

(461)

B3

(393)

B4

(384)

B4(367)

B4(445)

B5(446)

CFRP TUMPUAN (ATAS)

CFRP LAPANGAN (BAWAH)

2 Strip

L = 200 cm

2 StripL = 200 cm

1 Strip

L = 300 cm

1 Strip

L = 300 cm

2 Strip

L = 400 cm

2 Strip

L = 450 cm

2 StripL = 200 cm

2 Strip

L = 450 cm

2 StripL = 450 cm

2 StripL = 200 cm

2 Strip

L = 200 cm

2 StripL = 200 cm

2 Strip

L = 450 cm

2 StripL = 200 cm

2 Strip

L = 200 cm

1 StripL = 300 cm


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Case 2 : Building Failure

Envirotment = Earthquake

Building History = Failure after earthquake

Test = Hammer Test, Crack Test

max. = 198,5

mm

L =

2400cm


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Case 3 = Maintance of Jetty

Envirotment = sea

Building History = 12 years of operation

Failure in site = crack


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No. Jenis Test Alat yang Dipakai Standart Jumlah Sample

1 Observasi jenis kerusakan Meteran dan Foto --- 45 m x 450 m

2 Observasi Kondisi Tiang Pondasi Penyelam, Kamera bawah laut --- 50

3 Core Drill Mesin Bor Inti ASTM C 42 6

4 Drilling Test Drill Beton ASTM C 42 15

5 Hammer Test Rebound Test Hammer ASTM C 805 50

6 Ultra Sonic Alat test ultra sonic ASTM C 597 50

7 Rebar Detector dan Cover Meter Test Rebar Detector/ Provometer --- 25

8 Penetrasi Ion Chlor Titrasi ASTM C-11 45

9 Potensial Karat Half Cell Potensial App. ASTM C 876 100

10 Tes Tekan beton Universal Testing Machine ASTM C 39 6

11 Test Tarik Baja UTM ASTM A 6 3

12 Laju Korosi Micro Photography ASTM C-31 3


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Tul Transversal

Beugel

30

6

8D32

125

80 80

280

8D25

6 - 200

6

8D32

96

80

100

D13 - 400 D13 - 400

Crack

CrackSpallingG

E

H

D

West


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METODA JACKETING

Non Shrink Grout

Cast in Situ

Precast Crane Beam

Overtopping

Plat Precast470

155

300300

470

Plat Precast

Overtopping

Concrete Patology

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