Concrete Laboratory Procedure-Outline

8/13/2019 Concrete Laboratory Procedure-Outline

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CONCRETE LABORATORY PROCEDURE

Title: Preparation and Management of Concrete Laboratory Procedure

Procedure Number: 9-077-L-578-000

Purpose Requirements of preparation, revision and management of procedure for

standardization

Applicability Applied to affairs concerning preparation, review, approval, revision, distribution, and

abolishment of UAE BNPP laboratory procedure

References and General Requirements KEPCOs Quality Assurance Manual KEPCOs Site Internal Procedure for UAE BNPP UAE BNPP Quality Assurance Manual Nuclear Quality Assurance, Test and Inspection Concrete quality test procedure Application of all technical specification and standard

Terms and Definitions Evaluation of Effectiveness

Responsibility Project Manager to be called Laboratory Manager

Responsibility for operating laboratory Establishment and approval of project procedure Training plan and development of training material

Concrete Inspection/Test Personnel Preparation, review, revision and distribution concrete lab. procedures Test and management affairs Calibration and maintenance of equipment

Procedures Preparation

Tile and serial number Contents of procedure

Review and Approval Reflect reviewers comments Approval of Laboratory Manager

Revision of Procedure Initial preparation of procedure Revision number of procedure Evaluation of effectiveness of procedure


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Appendix Procedure cover Procedure revision history Evaluation of procedure effectiveness Comprehensive list of procedure record Provision revision summary


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Title: Indoctrination/Training and Qualification of Concrete Inspection/Testing Personnel

Procedure No: 9-077-L-578-001

Purpose

Requirements and procedure for indoctrination/training and qualification of concreteinspection/test personnel

Applicability

concrete inspection/test personnel working for UAE BNPP Site concrete inspection/test personnel working for Hyundai Samsung Joint Venture (HSJV)

performing concrete and other tests for UAE BNPP site (inspection/test items may be

limited for each Level)

Responsibility

Director of Construction Material Engineering Division Project Manager( Site Representative/Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager) Personnel in charge of qualification managementProcedure

Qualificationo ELEMENTARY INSPECTOR (LEVEL I)

Education: At least 2 years of engineering or science study and 3 months of experiencein concrete inspection/testing; or high school graduate, 6 months in concrete

inspection/testing, 30-hr theoretical education and 20-hr OJT

Responsibilities: Tests on Concrete, Aggregate, Re-bar and Cad-welding, Non-shrinkageGrout, Cement, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Mixing water

and Admixtures

o INTERMEDIATE INSPECTOR (LEVEL II) Education: (a) Graduate of at least 4-year engineering or science degree, 6-month

experience in concrete inspection/testing, 15-hr theoretical education and 10-hr OJT; or

(b) At least 2-year experience in engineering or science study, 1-year experience in

concrete inspection/testing, 30-hr theoretical education and 10-hr OJT; or (c) High

school graduate, 2 years of satisfactory performance as Level I Inspector, 45-hr

theoretical education and 10-hr OJT

Responsibilities: Aggregate Test, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), BlendedCement, Concrete Production Inspection/Testing, Witnessing of soil tests in main facility

projects, Preparation of Quality Inspection/Testing procedures, and other related tests

which may be deemed necessary by Level III Concrete Inspectoro ADVANCED INSPECTOR (LEVEL III)

Education: (a) At least 2 years of engineering or science study, a Professional Engineerwith experiences of 7 years in construction work, 2 years in NPP construction, 9 years in

inspection/testing, 6 years in concrete inspection/testing, 20-hr theoretical education

and 10-hr OJT; or (b) A graduate of at least a 4-year degree in engineering or science, a

Professional Engineer with experiences of 7 years in construction work, 2 years in NPP


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construction, 5 years in inspection/testing, 3 years in concrete inspection/testing, 10-hr

theoretical education and 10-hr OJT

*Note: in case of lack in experience in inspection/testing, it may require two times the

shortage period in NPP construction or at least 6 years (for option a)/ 3 years (for option

b) in concrete inspection/testing.

Responsibilities: Concrete Production Inspection/Testing, Quality Inspection/Testing,Education/Training for Certification, and Soil tests for main facility projects

o OTHER REQUIREMENTS A candidate shall have a vision (eye capacity) capable of reading J-1 letters, 20-40 by

Linear Snellen Scale, and capable of color vision. He shall also be able to clearly judge

and identify his responsibilities and scope in a given task. Physical examination shall be

held at a private/general hospital or site clinic.

Indoctrination/Trainingo The evaluator shall design training programs and designate training personnel for each level

of candidate. Level II Inspector, or higher, shall train Level I candidate while Level III

Inspector shall train Level II or Level III candidate. When important engineering

skill/technique is required, an external specialist may be designated.

o The training personnel shall prepare practical implementation, oral and written tests forcandidates.

o In oral tests, Level I candidate shall be able to answer more than 10 questions while Level Iand II candidates shall be able to answer more than 20 questions. Pass score shall be over

80 points for all levels.

o In written tests (maybe a combination of objective, subjective, and true-or-false questions),all candidates shall be able to answer more than 20 questions. Pass score shall be over 80

points for all levels. Test time shall be 1 hour per 20 questions.

Qualification Certification and Re-certificationo The evaluator shall submit to the Director of Construction Material Engineering Division,

Qualification Review Document of Concrete Inspection/Testing Personnel. This shall

contain the training program, training attendance sheet, qualification evaluation, written

test sheets, certificates of educational and experience career, physical examination records,

and other relevant documents.

o The Director of Construction Material Engineering Division shall issue a Certificate to acandidate who has satisfied all requirements. The Level III Inspector shall prepare, maintain

and record certificates issued.

o The certificate is valid for 2 years and upon expiry, it shall be reviewed whether re-certification is necessary.

o A personnel who has not performed inspection/test for 1 year shall lose certification andshall be re-certificated through the same procedure for initial certification. However, he may

be re-certificated without indoctrination if he has actual result of inspection/testing task for


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1 year or more, completed technical training and OJT, and satisfied physical examination

and capability.

o The Evaluator (Level III Inspector) shall review re-certification, prepare re-certificationdocument, submit it to the Chief of Construction Materials Engineering Department who

shall review it, re-certify, and notify the QS Team Manager of UAE BNPP Site.

o The Evaluator shall, at the beginning of every year, implement an OJT program formaintenance of certification of inspection/testing personnel.


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Title: Concrete Laboratory Testing Management


Purpose Relevant and applicable codes/standards and laboratory management requirements for testing

and quality inspection during concrete production

Applicability Management of material testing, inspection and calibration performed in the Concrete

Laboratory

Responsibility Technical/Engineering support Project Manager/Site Manager/Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager Concrete Inspection/Testing Personnel KEPCO Manager of QS Team of BNPP KEPCO QS Personnel of UAE BNPP

Procedure Condition of Laboratory Environment

o Cement test roomTemperature: 20-27.5C; Relative Humidity: not less than 50%o Concrete specimen fabrication roomTemperature: 16-27C (20-26C for 6,000 psi or more

compressive strength)

o Concrete curing roomTemperature: 21-25C; Relative Humidity: not less than 95% Testing Management of Cement GGBS and Silica Fume

o Cement Sample to be taken upon delivery: approximately 20 lb for every 1200 ton (15 lb for

testing; 5 lb to be stored in the laboratory until relevant amount is consumed at least

within 3 months)

Testing items, methods, and frequencies are shown in Table 1o GGBS

Sample to be taken upon delivery: approximately 20 lb for every 2500 ton (15 lb fortesting; 5 lb to be stored in the laboratory, in a tightly closed container with sample no.

and sampling date attached, until relevant amount is consumed at least within 3

months)

Testing items, methods, and frequencies are shown in Table 1o Silica Fume

Sample to be taken upon delivery: approximately 10 lb for every 110 ton and 440 ton (7lb for testing; 3 lb to be stored in the laboratory, in a tightly closed container with

sample no. and sampling date attached, until relevant amount is consumed at least

within 3 months)

Testing items, methods, and frequencies are shown in Table 1


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o The Laboratory Manager shall review the CMTR submitted by the supplier and shall witness,if required along with KEPCO QS Personnel, the tests done at suppliers factory

o The Concrete Inspection/Testing Personnel shall measure the temperature of cement atshipment and attach sample no. He has the authority to reject materials that has one or

more of the following:

When any of the documents submitted is missing When the CMTR does not comply with the requirements of purchase When there is external cracking or moisture intrusion When test results do not conform to requirements ( Tests shall be done within 3 days

upon shipment)

When actual quantity is lesser by 2% or more for cement, and by 5% or more for GGBS Testing and Quality Control of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate

o Test items, methods, and frequencies are shown in Table 2o Petrographic Examination and Potential Alkali Reactivity shall be tested by external

accredited (3rd

party) laboratory.

Testing and Quality Control of Mixing Water (including water to be used for making ice)o Test items, methods and frequencies are shown in Table 3.o Chloride Ion Content test may be done by an external accredited laboratory.

Testing and Quality Control of Admixtureso The admixtures delivered shall conform to CP-C2 Specification. The Laboratory Manager

shall review the CMTR and, if needed, shall send a copy to concerned Department.

o Test items, methods and frequencies are shown in Table 4.o CMTR shall contain tests on specific gravity, residue by oven drying, infrared analysis,

physical tests, and chloride content for both High Water Reducing Admixture (HWRA) and

Superplasticizer.

Testing and Quality Control of Non-shrink grouto Initial and control test items, methods, and frequencies are shown in Table 5.

Concrete Production Inspection and Testingo Concrete mix design, sampling and testing shall be in accordance to CP-C2. At least 30

consecutive compressive strength tests shall be done to determine whether a revision is

needed.

o Test items, methods and frequencies are shown in Table 6.o A retest shall be done on another portion of concrete sample when one of the tests does

not satisfy requirements. If the test result is still not satisfactory, the Testing Personnel shall

write down REJECT on the Batch Ticket.

Strength Testo The compressive strength test equipment shall be operated only by certified personnel. The

concrete specimen shall be tested by capping both sides or with un-bonded pad cap. It shall

be loaded until breakage.

o The cubical specimen of grout, drypack and mortar shall be tested in accordance to ASTM C109


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o The rebar specimen (or other reinforcements) shall be stored (24 hr min) until it reachesroom temperature.

Length: minimum 12 in, maximum 40 in Requirements of Testing Machine

Load Capacity: 600,000 lbs; Grip Range: Max #18

Rate of loadingMaximum of 30,000 psiany convenient speed of testing

30,000 psi-maximum load10,000-100,000 psi/min

Tensile StrengthMaximum load (lb)/original cross-sectional area (in

2)

Inspection and Testing of Concrete Production Facilityo The Laboratory Manager and Inspection/testing personnel shall be in-charge of the

inspection and supervision of concrete production at Batch Plant.

o The Inspection/testing Personnel (B/P Inspector) has the authority to reject a batch ofconcrete produced inappropriately.

Concrete Production Inspectiono The B/P Inspector shall perform inspection using Batch Plant Inspection Checklist.

Management of Test Datao Test results shall be managed using the NPCMS system.


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Title: Calibration Management of Concrete Testing Equipment and Measurement Tool


Purpose Calibration procedure for reliability and precision of measuring and test equipment (M/TE)

Applicability M/TE or test apparatus in the Concrete Laboratory

Responsibility Project Manager/Site Manager/Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager Test Apparatus Calibration Personnel

Procedure Internal Calibration

o Shall be done by an internal calibration inspection/testing personnelo If an item is out of calibration, a Usage Hold tag shall be attached to it, and it shall be

isolated. The cause shall be assessed, and the item shall be repaired, re-calibrated, or themanufacturer shall replace the item with another that is calibrated.

o Items to be calibrated, calibration methods and frequency are shown in Table 1o calibrated apparatus shall have calibration identification tag

External Calibrationo Shall be done by an internationally accredited calibration agencyo If an item is out of calibration after delivery, a Usage Hold tag shall be attached to it, and it

shall be isolated. The cause shall be assessed and repair/re-calibration/disposal shall be

performed

o Items to be calibrated and frequency are shown in Table 2o Calibrated apparatus shall have the tag of calibration agency

If a test apparatus, while being used in the laboratory, is out of calibration more than once, theinterval of frequency may be reduced to ensure reliability.

If a test apparatus is out of calibration more than 5 times, it shall no longer be used Test apparatus that does not require calibration (according to KRISSs calibration frequency

table) shall have a Calibration unrequired tag

Certificate no. of internal calibration shall be expressed in the following manner:Abbreviation of Calibration (Numerical digits of Control No.) Last 2 digits of calibration year

Calibration sequence no. of each apparatus per year


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Title: Sampling and Subsampling/ Reduction of Concrete Materials


Purpose Describes subsampling/reduction procedure for quality testing of concrete

materials. Applicability

Covers sampling and subsampling activities of concrete materials References and General Definitions

UAE BNPP concrete production specification UAE BNPP quality assurance manual KEPIC QA ASME NQA-1200 ASTMC702 ASTMD75 ASTM C 183 ASTM C 494

Terms and Definition Sampling Subsampling/Reducing Grab Sampling Composite Sampling

Responsibility Project Manager-Laboratory Manager Concrete Inspection/Testing Personnel

Procedure Sampling Aggregates

Stockpile Sampling from Batch Plant Bin Specimen Collection at Belt Conveyer

Sampling Aggregates Mechanical Splitter Method Quartering Method

Sampling Cement, Silica Fume and GGBS Physical/chemical testing according to ASTMC 150 Remaining sample shall be kept in a container with sample number

Admixtures Shall be obtained every shipment from the admixture tanks Testing shall be performed according to ASTM C 494, or ASTM C 017

Shipping Samples and Identification Method Individual identification shall be attached Sample container must not easily deteriorated Silica fume or GGBS shall be stored differently


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Appendix Sample Identification Label (9-077-L-578-004-001)


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Title: Procedure for Health, Safety, and Environment of the Concrete Laboratory


Purpose Describe the Health, Safety, and Environment of testing personnel

Applicability Applies to health and safety for the testing personnel who perform test of concrete

References and General Requirement HSE Procedure Laboratory Safety

Terms and Definition Health, Safety, and Environment procedure Material safety data sheet

Responsibility Laboratory Manager

Analysis of risk factor Understanding of the actions to be taken General training relating HSE Approval of HSE procedure

Person in charge of HSE in the laboratory Preparation, revision, and maintenance Taking HSE education

Procedure General

Testing personnel shall pay attention to HSE Material safety data sheet Make testing personnel take HSE education Restricted area to unauthorized person Fire extinguisher shall be furnished in each laboratory

Safety Rules in Laboratory Methods how to handle and use chemicals Methods how to handle high-temperature/high-pressure test equipment How to handle glassware Strength test of re-bar and concrete Other material test

Safety Rules of Field-Test Testing personnel shal wear the protection devices Personal protection devices Safety rules relating to field testing Movement by working or a vehicle Others


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Appenixes Hazard diamonds Warning symbols Management log of testing chemicals Management log of waste matter


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Title: Control of Purchased Items for the Concrete Laboratory and Its Procurement Documents


Purpose Establish and maintain the procedure to assure that the purchases related to work

execution in the UAE concrete lab oratory are of appropriate quality

Applicability Applied for purchased products service, purchasing, receipt, storage and maintenance

References and General Requirements UAE BNPP Calibration management of concrete testing equipment and measurement tool

Terms and Definition External calibration Procurement document

Responsibility UAE BNPP

Final acceptance of purchase request KEPCO QS Personnel of UAE BNPP

Acceptance of purchase request Laboratory Manager

Approval of documents produced by concrete laboratory Testing personnel

Checking for quantity in demand of purchase Selection of appropriate supplier Receiving inspection of purchases Management of procurement document Handling and management of purchases

Procedure Selection of supplier

Consider the characteristics of the purchase item Purchase of items

Based on the quotations obtained Purchasing order request shall be sent to the supplier For changes in purchase, the purchase request from that was already written

should be revised

Purchasing plan Inspection and receiving purchases Management of purchases

Purchase shall be installed or kept in an appropriate place

External calibration shall be performed Procurement document control Content of procurement documents

Scope of service Technical requirement Quality assurance requirements Acceptance criteria Documentation requirements


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Procurement document review Shall be reviewed prior to issuance for bid to assure that necessary

technical and quality requirements are included

Procurement document changes Appendix

Purchase request form Receiving inspection confirmation


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Title: Management of Quality Document for Concrete Laboratory


Purpose Maintenance and documents for standardization and efficiency

Applicability Distribution and disposal in the Concrete Laboratory

Responsibility Project Manager /Site Representative/ Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager Concrete Laboratory Inspection/Testing Personnel

Procedure Register the original copy of approved document in the document management list. The

data controller shall copy the original document and record it in the Quality Document

Management Log and shall send copies to the concerned department/s.

When a revision is distributed, old version of documents shall immediately be disposed.Use of old version as reference may be done after it has been marked Unmanaged

Document

All test records in the laboratory shall be enrolled on NPCMS. After completion oflaboratory work, they shall be transferred to the DDCC of KEPCO in UAE BNPP through

computer network


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Title: Identification and Management of Concrete Test Apparatus


Purpose Specifies the requirements to prevent inappropriate use of items

Applicability Identification and management of the concrete test apparatus

References and General Requirements UAE BNPP Calibration management of concrete testing equipment and measurement tool Quality test procedure for KOLAS

Terms and Definition Identification of item

Responsibility Project Manager

Approval of the procedure for identifying each test apparatus Testing Personnel

Approval of the procedure for identifying each test apparatus Testing Personnel

Identification marking Preparation of procedure

Procedure Item identification marks

Identification requirements for identification markings Item identification management

Item shall be identified and traceable Items with limited life time shall be identified Detailed identification procedure shall follow equipment management

procedure Appendix

N/A


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Title: Management of Nonconformities in the Concrete Laboratory


Purpose To ensure reliability by managing non-conformities in test results and test apparatus

Applicability Non-conformities related to test work

Responsibility KEPCO QS Personnel of UAE BNPP Project Manager /Site Representative/ Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager Concrete Laboratory Inspection/Testing Personnel

Procedure Test Results

o The Testing Personnel shall notify the Laboratory Manager if a test result does not conformto the requirements. After review of the non-conformity, the Laboratory Manager shall

attach a Usage Hold tag to the item and shall notify the QS Personnel by e -mail or Memodocument.

Test Apparatuso A test apparatus that is out of calibration or malfunctioning shall be notified to the

Laboratory Manager and shall be isolated with a Usage Hold tag. It shall then be notified

to the QS Personnel for NCR issuance.

o A fixable apparatus shall be used after repair/correction/re-calibrationo In case repair is impossible, the test apparatus shall be disposed of after approval of the

Laboratory Manager and notification to the QS Personnel.


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Title: Corrective and Preventive Action


Purpose Prevent recurrence and other potential nonconformities

Applicability Any corrective or preventive action against any nonconformities

References and General Requirements UAE BNPP quality assurance manual KOCEN quality management procedure

Terms and Definition Corrective action Preventive action


Approval of request of corrective and preventive action Testing Personnel

Planning, execution and result reporting Procedure

Issuance of the request corrective and preventive action Testing personnel shall accomplish request of corrective and preventive action

Analysis of causes Verification and analysis Review

Implementation of corrective action Immediate corrective action shall be taken for adverse quality items Submit to senior for confirmation

Post management Laboratory manager shall take the following preventive action to prevent

recurrence

Appendixes Request of corrective and preventive action Corrective and preventive action management log


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Title: Management of Quality Procedures


Purpose Address requirements for identification, index, reading, filing, storage, maintenance and

disposal quality records

Applicability Applied to both the quality documents/ records generated during the works

References and General Requirements UAE BNPP quality assurance method

Terms and Definitions Quality Record


Final management of quality records Appointment of document controller Approval of records reading

Testing Personnel Compilation and maintenance and management of quality documents Transfer to the DDCC or discard out of the date records in storage Transfer management for quality records

Procedure Review and compilation of records

Quality records shall be legible and identifiable and can be immediatelysearched

Document controller shall understand and compile all quality documents Only the original document shall be compiled

Index, Filing and Storage of records The compiled records shall be managed by records tittle of record separately The records shall easily be indexed by recording page or by attached label

Storage, preservation and discard of records Must be stored in a facility equipped environment Managed by registering on NPCMS Shall always be kept at the designated place Shall be compiled by years of occurrence The quality of records shall fundamentally be preserved until the end of

laboratory work

In modifying records, testing personnel shall attach his signature or abbreviatedform of name and record

Appendix

Document reading log


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Title: Handling, Storage, and Shipping of Test Apparatus


Purpose Describes the requirements for handling, storage, and shipping of test apparatus to be

used for UAE BNPP concrete laboratory

Applicability Applied to handling, storage and shipping of test apparatus to be used for UAE BNPP

concrete laboratory

References and General Requirements UAE BNPP quality assurance manual Identification and management of concrete test apparatus Management of nonconformities in the concrete laboratory Calibration management of concrete testing equipment and measurement tool Control of purchased items for the concrete laboratory and its procurement documents

Terms and Definition Test apparatus


Approval of procedure for handling Approval of maintenance and repair of test apparatus General management for handling, shipping and storage of test apparatus

Testing Personnel Handling, storage, and shipping of test apparatus Checking of records matters of maintenance and repair of test apparatus Establishing procedure regarding maintenance and control of test apparatus

Procedure Handling

Apparatus controlled by the testing personnel after verification Shall be handled in accordance with the procedure

Storage Shall be inspected and verified to meet the following environment conditions

Shall be protected from rainfall Any potential cause of damage to the items in storage shall not be

within the vicinity

Temperature and humidity shall be so maintained not to cause damage Shall be kept clean

Shall be managed through the test apparatus management card to check itscondition

Shall immediately reported to the laboratory manager if there are any doubts tothe functionality and accuracy of the test apparatus

Nonconforming test apparatus shall be stored separately attached with a usagehold tag

Taking-out and Shipping Shall be taken out of the laboratory for its calibration or for other reason Shall utilize a suitable shipping container


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Apparatus which requires special condition for moving shall be requested yoexternal specialized agency

Management/ Control Test apparatus which do not conform the quality requirements shall be

returned to the supplier for replacement

Each test apparatus shall be given its own test apparatus number Appendix

N/A


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Title: Concrete Mix Proportioning


Purpose Mixture proportioning of ingredients for concrete production

Applicability Selection of mixture proportions for hydraulic cement concrete made with or without other

cementitious materials and admixtures

Responsibility Project Manager /Site Representative/ Chief Laboratory Engineer/Laboratory Manager Concrete Laboratory Inspection/ Testing personnel (Level II) Concrete Laboratory Inspection/Testing personnel (Level I)

Procedure Concrete mix classes and related matters shall comply with Table I of CP C2 D.7 Quality requirements of fresh mixed concrete for each trial mix

o Slump Type B-1 Normal concrete: 4 0.75 inch Type A-1, B-2, B-3, & D High slump concrete: 6 0.75 inch Type C-1 High slump concrete: 5.25 0.5 inch

o Temperature: 70 4 Fo Density/Unit Weight

Lean Concrete: Min. 137 pcf Structural Concrete: Min. 140 pcf

Background Input Datao Fine Aggregate

Fineness Modulus (FM) Bulk Specific Gravity (Density) in Saturated Surface Dry condition (SSD) Absorption

o Coarse Aggregate Bulk Specific Gravity (Density) in Saturated Surface Dry condition (SSD) Absorption Unit Weight by Dry Rodded Method

o Specific Gravity (Density) of Cementitious materialso Specific Gravity (Density) of Mixing Watero Specific Gravity (Density) of Chemical Admixture

Sequence of Mix Proportioning (should be in accordance to ACI 211.1)o Required average strength, fcr

Add 1,000 psi to fc = 2000 psi Add 1,200 psi to fc= 5,000 psi Add 1,400 psi to fc = 6,000 psi

o Steps of Mixture Proportioning


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1. Choice of slump2. Choice of maximum size of aggregate3. Estimation of mixing water and air content4. Selection of water - cementitious materials ratio5. Calculation of cement content6. Estimation of coarse aggregate content7. Estimation of fine aggregate content8. Adjustment for aggregate moisture9. Trial batch adjustment10.Repeat step 3 to 9 if required

o Fabrication of Specimen and Analysis of Strength Result When obtaining results in step 9, trial mixes with different water binder (W/B) ratio

shall be proportioned based on the 1sttrial mix. Concrete cylinders for testing shall

be molded for each mix with different W/B ratio.

Proportions shall be based on the relationship of compressive strength and W/Bratio.

Mortar (grout) proportion = volume of coarse aggregate + solid portion of chemicaladmixture; or volume of remaining ingredients + liquid portion of chemical

admixture added to quantity of water

HWRA shall be of the same mass percent (%) as the total cementitious material Mix Design shall include, but not limited to, the following:

Concrete mix type/class, specified strength (fc), required average strength (fcr),W/B ratio, Sand-aggregate ratio (s/a), proportion of ingredients

Adjustments of Mix Proportions and Mixture Proportioning Using Test Recordso Calculation of required average strength (fcr)

fcr = fc + 1.34s (psi or kgf/cm2)

fcr = fc 500 + 2.33s (psi)

fcr = fc - 35 + 2.33s (kgf/cm2)

where:

fcr = required average strength (psi or kgf/cm2)

fc = specified compressive strength (psi or kgf/cm2)

s = standard deviation (psi or kgf/cm2)

o Determination of W/B ratio The fcr obtained above shall be entered into the W/B ratio vs. strength curve to

determine maximum W/B ratio. The obtained value shall be the new W/B ratio for a

new concrete proportion, unless lower W/B ratio is required.

o Establishment of Mixture Proportions Maximum W/B ratio should not exceed maximum slump. Adjustment in volume to

maintain yield shall be done by adjusting aggregate amount while retaining sand

percentage of original trial mixture


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