CONCRETE APPEARANCECONCRETE APPEARANCE Does it matter… · CONCRETE APPEARANCECONCRETE APPEARANCE...
Transcript of CONCRETE APPEARANCECONCRETE APPEARANCE Does it matter… · CONCRETE APPEARANCECONCRETE APPEARANCE...
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CONCRETE APPEARANCECONCRETE APPEARANCEDoes it matter?
Neil CrookThe Concrete Society Advisory Service
1st July 2010
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Structural or Appearance?
• Structural– Functionality– Structural capacity– Durability
• Appearance– Does it look nice– What will it look like in 20, 50 or 100 yearsy
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Structural failureStructural failure
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Visual Concrete
• Planning and assessment• Finishes• Control of blemishes• Weathering, stains & efflorescence
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Planning and assessment
• Different levels of visuality‘hi h t’– ‘high art’
– Normal (grey/white) exposed but not colouredCoated e g painted– Coated e.g. painted
– Limited visual exposure• Not one size fits all• Not one size fits all• Perfection is not achievable nor should it
be expectedbe expected• Surface never completely uniform
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Large scale structures
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Planning and assessment
• SpecificationsBS 8110 Structural use of concrete (withdrawn in 2010)– BS 8110 Structural use of concrete (withdrawn in 2010)
– BS EN 13670 Execution of concrete structures– Highways Agency, Specification for Highway WorksHighways Agency, Specification for Highway Works– National Building Specification– Civil Engineering Specification for the Water Industry– National Structural Concrete Specification for Building
Construction
• ‘Fair faced’ is meaningless• Fair-faced is meaningless• Specification appropriate to the end use
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Cracking
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iJoints
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Rebate feature
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Rebated joints
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Planning and assessment
• Formwork– Many systems– Many form face materials– All with give a different appearance
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Formwork typesyp
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Panel System finishes y
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Planning and assessment
• Form faceSt l GRP Li CPF Ti b– Steel, GRP, Liners, CPF, Timber
• Release agentsOil Ch i l VERA– Oils, Chemical, VERA
• ConcreteC t A t S ifi ti– Cement, Aggregate, Specification
• ConstructionT i l l S W h Pl i– Trial panels, Spacers, Weather, Placing, Vibration, Remedial work
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Line and block spacers effect of finish
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Planning and assessment
• Assessment– Age, Lighting, Distance
• Bridges – from carriagewayB ildi• Buildings –– external – 3m– internal – 1minternal 1m
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Finishes
• Formed and Unformed
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Board marked
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Ribbed –hammered,
it bl t dcbdg annual conference– 1st July 2010
grit blasted
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Form liners
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Dream
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Tamped Brush Turf dragged
TiTine
Textured roller
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Pattern imprintedPattern imprinted
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Exposed and washedExposed and washed aggregate
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Abrasive blasting
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Di d i dDiamond grind
Diamond groove
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Dry shake and power trowelled
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Polished
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Stained, stencilled and blasted
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Control of blemishes
• Defects• Blemishes
– Avoidable– Unavoidable
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Natural variation
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Blow holes
Aggregate bridgingbridging
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Rust staining
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Water lossLift lines
SScourPoker burns
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Plastic shrinkage
i dRain damage
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Frost damage
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Frost damage
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R i f t i lReinforcement ripple
Crazing
Delaminationcbdg annual conference– 1st July 2010
Delamination
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Weathering affects all buildings
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Weathering, stains & efflorescenceCleaningCleaning
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Orientation
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Surface Permeability
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Surfaces intended to remain dirty – Bold profile
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Details to controlcontrol weathering should be bold not subtle
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Diagonally ribbed surfaces affect the flow of water in ways that are difficult to predict and control
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Weathering, stains & efflorescenceQuality and detailingdetailing
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Quality and detailing –exposed coarse aggregateexposed coarse aggregate
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Only pyramids will be y pywashed clean on all faces
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Uncontrolled water flowUncontrolled water flow
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Gutters need notGutters need not necessarily be connected to rainwater pipe systems
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p p y
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Stains – Bitumen, rust, graffiti, litchen
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Cleaning – water jet, acid grit blastingacid, grit blasting
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Weathering, stains & efflorescence
Lime bloom, Lime weeping, e weep g,Salt crystallization
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