Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 11 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as...

Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 11

Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three?

A. Submicroscopic, because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can’t be seen with a microscope.

B. Microscopic, because it pertains to the formation of crystals.

C. Macroscopic, because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.

D. All of the above, because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.

Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three?

A. Submicroscopic, because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can’t be seen with a microscope.

B. Microscopic, because it pertains to the formation of crystals.

C. Macroscopic, because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.

D. All of the above, because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.

A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels). This is similar to a chemist’s view of matter in that

A. the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass.

B. on the submicroscopic level, chemists find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.

C. anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.

D. elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.

A. the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass.

B. on the submicroscopic level, chemists find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.

C. anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.

D. elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.

Imagine that you can watch a small collection of molecules that are moving

around slowly while vibrating and bumping against each other.

The slower moving molecules then start to line up, but as they do so, their

vibrations increase. Soon all the molecules are aligned and vibrating

about fixed positions. What is happening?

A. The sample is being cooled, and the material is freezing.

B. The sample is being heated, and the material is melting.

C. The sample is being cooled, and the material is condensing.

D. The sample is being heated, and the material is boiling.

E. The sample is unchanged.

A. The sample is being cooled, and the material is freezing.

B. The sample is being heated, and the material is melting.

C. The sample is being cooled, and the material is condensing.

D. The sample is being heated, and the material is boiling.

E. The sample is unchanged.

What type of phase change does the following figure best describe?

A. Melting.

B. Condensation.

C. Evaporation.

D. Freezing.

What type of phase change does the following figure best describe?

A. Melting.

B. Condensation.

C. Evaporation.

D. Freezing.

The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move is the

A. solid phase.

B. liquid phase.

C. gas phase.

D. none of the above.

The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move is the

A. solid phase.

B. liquid phase.

C. gas phase.

D. none of the above.

The image shown represents which kind of matter?

A. An element.

B. A mixture.

C. A compound.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above.

The image shown represents which kind of matter?

A. An element.

B. A mixture.

C. A compound.

E. None of the above.

Oxygen, O2 Nitrogen, N2

Boiling Temp. 90 K (–183°C) 77 K (–196°C)

At 80 K (–193°C), which is a liquid and which is a gas?

A. Oxygen is a liquid, and nitrogen is a gas.

B. Nitrogen is a liquid, and oxygen is a gas.

C. They are both liquids at 80 K (–193°C).

D. They are both gases at 80 K (–193°C).

Oxygen, O2 Nitrogen, N2

Boiling Temp. 90 K (–183°C) 77 K (–196°C)

At 80 K (–193°C), which is a liquid and which is a gas?

A. Oxygen is a liquid, and nitrogen is a gas.

B. Nitrogen is a liquid, and oxygen is a gas.

C. They are both liquids at 80 K (–193°C).

D. They are both gases at 80 K (–193°C).

Which has stronger attractions among its submicroscopic particles: a solid at 25°C or a gas at 25°C?

A. The attractions within the solid must be stronger than the attractions among the particles of the gas.

B. The submicroscopic particles of the gas are moving faster. This means that they have more energy, which means that the attractions among them must be stronger.

C. The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid are much stronger—so much stronger that they hold the particles of the solid absolutely still.

D. The temperatures of these two materials are the same, which means that the attractions among their submicroscopic particles are also of the same strength.

Which has stronger attractions among its submicroscopic particles: a solid at 25°C or a gas at 25°C?

A. The attractions within the solid must be stronger than the attractions among the particles of the gas.

B. The submicroscopic particles of the gas are moving faster. This means that they have more energy, which means that the attractions among them must be stronger.

C. The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid are much stronger—so much stronger that they hold the particles of the solid absolutely still.

D. The temperatures of these two materials are the same, which means that the attractions among their submicroscopic particles are also of the same strength.

The following boxes represent the number of submicroscopic particles within a given volume of a particular substance at different temperatures. Which box represents the greatest temperature?

D. Not possible to tell.

The following boxes represent the number of submicroscopic particles within a given volume of a particular substance at different temperatures. Which box represents the greatest temperature?

D. Not possible to tell.

What is the gas found within a bubble of boiling water?

A. Air.

B. Chlorine from the water.

C. Water vapor.

D. Hydrogen.

What is the gas found within a bubble of boiling water?

A. Air.

B. Chlorine from the water.

C. Water vapor.

D. Hydrogen.

Physical or chemical change?

A. Chemical, because of the formation of elements.

B. Physical, because a new material has been formed.

C. Chemical, because the atoms are connected differently.

D. Physical, because of a change in phase.

Physical or chemical change?

A. Chemical, because of the formation of elements.

B. Physical, because a new material has been formed.

C. Chemical, because the atoms are connected differently.

D. Physical, because of a change in phase.

Molecule A: Molecule B:

A. Molecule A, which is the first to transform into a liquid.

B. Molecule B, which is the first to transform into a liquid.

C. Molecule A, which remains in the gaseous phase.

D. Molecule B, which remains in the gaseous phase.

Based on the following diagrams, which substance

has the lower boiling point?

Molecule A: Molecule B:

A. Molecule A, which is the first to transform into a liquid.

B. Molecule B, which is the first to transform into a liquid.

C. Molecule A, which remains in the gaseous phase.

D. Molecule B, which remains in the gaseous phase.

Based on the following diagrams, which substance

has the lower boiling point?

Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

A. Element: A, C Compound: A, B, C Mixture: A, B

B. Element: C Compound: A, B Mixture: B

C. Element: A, C Compound: A, B Mixture: A

D. Element: A, C Compound: A, B Mixture: A, B

Which of the following boxes contains an element? A compound? A mixture?

A. Element: A, C Compound: A, B, C Mixture: A, B

B. Element: C Compound: A, B Mixture: B

C. Element: A, C Compound: A, B Mixture: A

D. Element: A, C Compound: A, B Mixture: A, B

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A. They both consist of atoms from different elements.

B. The way in which their atoms are bonded together.

C. One is a solid, and the other is a liquid.

D. The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A. They both consist of atoms from different elements.

B. The way in which their atoms are bonded together.

C. One is a solid, and the other is a liquid.

D. The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.

A. They are too homogenous when found within a compound.

B. Their atoms are too tightly bound to one another.

C. Elements found within a compound tend to be inert.

D. Elements tend not to be soluble in water.

Why can’t the elements of a compound be separated from one another by physical means?

Classify the following changes as physical or chemical: Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.

A. Chemical; Physical; Chemical; Chemical

B. Chemical; Physical; Physical; Physical

C. Physical; Physical; Chemical; Physical

D. Chemical; Physical; Chemical; Physical

Classify the following changes as physical or chemical: Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.

A. Chemical; Physical; Chemical; Chemical

B. Chemical; Physical; Physical; Physical

C. Physical; Physical; Chemical; Physical

D. Chemical; Physical; Chemical; Physical

What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns?

A. The wax near the flame melts.

B. The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.

C. The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.

D. The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.

What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns?

A. The wax near the flame melts.

B. The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.

C. The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.

D. The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.

The oldest known elements are the ones with

A. the lowest atomic numbers.

B. the highest atomic numbers.

C. odd looking atomic symbols.

D. atomic symbols that match their modern names.

The oldest known elements are the ones with

A. the lowest atomic numbers.

B. the highest atomic numbers.

C. odd looking atomic symbols.

D. atomic symbols that match their modern names.

Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water, H2O, have similar properties?

A. Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.

B. Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.

C. No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.

D. No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water, H2O, have similar properties?

A. Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.

B. Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.

C. No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.

D. No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane are dihydrogen monoxide, H2O; trihydrogen nitride, NH3; and tetrahydrogen carbide, CH4. Why do most people, including chemists, prefer to use the common names for these compounds?

A. The common names are shorter and easier to pronounce.

B. These compounds are encountered frequently.

C. The common names are more widely known.

The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane are dihydrogen monoxide, H2O; trihydrogen nitride, NH3; and tetrahydrogen carbide, CH4. Why do most people, including chemists, prefer to use the common names for these compounds?

A. The common names are shorter and easier to pronounce.

B. These compounds are encountered frequently.

C. The common names are more widely known.

Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table. Why?

A. Hydrogen and helium repel one another.

B. The sizes of their atoms are vastly different.

C. They come from different sources.

D. Helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.

Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table. Why?

A. Hydrogen and helium repel one another.

B. The sizes of their atoms are vastly different.

C. They come from different sources.

D. Helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.

About how many elements do you have access to as a consumer of market goods?

A. None.

B. One.

C. Ten.

D. One hundred.

About how many elements do you have access to as a consumer of market goods?

A. None.

B. One.

C. Ten.

D. One Hundred.

Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 11 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as...

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