Concepts of Mental & Mental

8/18/2019 Concepts of Mental & Mental

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Concepts of Mental Health &

Mental Illness

E. Fagon FNP/Educator

April 9 !"1#


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$%ecti'es

( )efine the ter*s +a, *ental health +%, *entalillness.

+c, E'aluate the ter* *ental health continuu*

( Identif- so*e Characteristics of a Mentall-Health- Indi'idual

( tate so*e co*ponents of *ental health.

( tate so*e co*ponents of *ental illness.


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$%ecti'es contd

( )iscuss so*e strategies to pro*ote and

*aintain opti*al *ental health.

(Identif- & %riefl- discuss the 'ariouscategories of *ental illnesses according to)M I.

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)efinition Mental Health

( Mental health is defined as a state or

condition on 2hich an indi'idual feels a

sense of 2ell3%eing. 4his gi'es hi* or her

the capacit- to li'e life in fulfill*ent of 2hat

he or she 2ants to achie'e in accordance

to the a'aila%le resources.

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)efinition contd

4his condition also pro'ides an indi'idual

the capacit- to %e resilient to the stresses he

*eets and to respond to these challenges2ithout ha'ing to co*pro*ise his 2ell3

%eing. 4his also *a6es hi* producti'e and

fruitful for hi*self and his co**unit-.

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Mental 2ellness could also %e defined as

the lac6 of *ental pro%le*s or disorders.

People 2ho do not present diagnosa%le

%eha'iors that could 8ualif- as a *ental

disorder are seen as *entall- health-. For

ea*ple so*eone 2ho has an o%session

on things *a- not necessaril- ha'e a*ental disorder li6e o%session.

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4hus he is said to ha'e *ental 2ellness. :ut

2hen this o%session is co*%ined 2ith

unrelenting co*pulsion to do the o%ect ofo%session the person *a- alread- %e

diagnosed 2ith a *ental disorder called

$%sessi'e3co*pulsi'e )isorder or $C).

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Mental health across culture

4he


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For ea*ple canni%alistic %eha'ior in so*e

tri%es li'ing in re*ote areas is highl-

regarded as a religious practice ho2e'er inthe *aorit- of ur%ani=ed 2orld this could %e

seen as %ar%aric or insane.

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Mental health can %e an-2here along a

continuu* fro* so*ething te*porar- or

li*ited to *ore enduring or per*anent.


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o*e people ho2e'er eperience *ore

fre8uent or se'ere periods of *ental3ill

health and a fe2 ha'e 'er- long lastingpro%le*s .Is the indi'idual@s suffering se'ere

and distressing %e-ond 2hat he/she feels

a%le to %ear

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Mental health in'ol'es *aster- in the areas

of life in'ol'ing lo'e 2or6 and pla-

:ar%ara choen Bohnson.

!nd )efinition A state of 2ell %eing in 2hich

the indi'idual reali=es his/her o2n a%ilities

can cope 2ith the nor*al stresses of life can

2or6 producti'el- & fruitfull- and is a%le to *a6e a

contri%ution to his or her co**unit-

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Characteristics of a Health-

Indi'idual( Accurate perception of realit-

( (A%ilit- to accept oneself and others

( (A%ilit- to %e spontaneous( (A%ilit- to sol'e pro%le*s

( (A need for pri'ac-

( (Independence or autono*-( (A%ilit- to epress oneself e*otionall-

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( Fre8uenc- of happ- *o*ents that

produce a sense of 2orth hope and lo'e

of life

( (Identification 2ith *an6ind

( (A%ilit- to *aintain satisfactor-

relationships

( (A sense of ethics

( (o*e sense of resistance to confor*it-

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Mental Health Continuu*

( (Illness

( Darel- in touch 2ith realit-

( (


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MEN4A INE Ma- %e defined as a

ps-chiatric disease in 2hich the *ind is

epressing its disco*fort through thought

feelings and %eha'iors

!nd )ef. An- of 'arious conditions character3

i=ed %- i*pair*ent of an indi'idual@s nor*alcogniti'e e*otional or %eha'ioural functioning


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and caused %- social and ps-chological %ioche*

3cal genetic or other factors such as infection or

head trau*a. 4he free )ictionar- co*. Farle Inc.

C$MP$NEN4 of MEN4A HEA4H.

( EF $EDNANCE 4he person de*onst3

rates autono*- a sense of detach*entindependence and a tendenc- to loo6 2ithin

for guiding 'alues and rules to li'e %-. 4he


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person acts independentl- dependentl- or

interdependentl- as the need arises 2ithout

per*anentl- loosing independence.( D$


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and *ai*i=ation of capacities.

4$EDANCE $F ?NCED4AIN4G 4he person

faces the uncertaint- of li'ing and the certaint-of death %- *eans of faith and hope.

EF E4EEM 4he person@s self estee* is

%uilt on self 6no2ledge and a2areness oftalents a%ilities and li*itations.


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MA4EDG $F 4HE ENID$NMEN4 4he

person is effecti'e capa%le co*petent and

creati'e in dealing 2ith and influencing theen'iron*ent.

DEAI4G $DIEN4A4I$N 4he person is a%le to

distinguish fact fro* fantas- the real 2orldfro* the drea* 2orld and acts accordingl-.


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4DE MANAEMEN4 4he person eperience3

es appropriate depression aniet- a*ong other

things in dail- life and can tolerate high le'els of

stress 6no2ing that the feelings 2ill not last for3

e'er and can eperience failure 2ithout self

castigation. ?suall- the person deals 2ith crises

2ithout needing help %e-ond the support of fa*il-

and friends.


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o*e eneral Criteria For

*ental )isorders.

( 4here is dissatisfaction 2ith one@s charact3

eristics a%ilities and acco*plish*ents.

( Ineffecti'e or unsatisfactor- interpersonal relationships.

( )issatisfaction 2ith one@s place in the 2orld.

( Ineffecti'e coping or adaptation to the e'ents inone@s life as 2ell as lac6 of personal gro2th.


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Mental Health Maintenance and

Pro*otion trategies.Mental health and illness are deter*ined %-

%- *ultiple and interacting social ps-chological

and %iological factors ust as health and

illness in general. 4here is a strong associat3

ion %et2een *ental illness and po'ert-

including lo2 le'els of education poor hous3

ing and lo2 inco*e. 4he greater 'ulnera%ilit-

of disad'antaged people in each co**unit-


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to *ental illness *a- %e eplained %- such

factors as eperience of insecurit- & hopeless3

ness rapid social change and the ris6 of'iolence and ph-sical ill health. N: 4he

association %et2een po'ert- & *ental disorders

appears to %e uni'ersal occurring in all societiesirrespecti'e of their le'els of de'elop*ent. Mental

health for each person is affected %- indi'idual


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factors and eperiences social interactions

societal structures and resources

and cultural 'alues. It is influenced %- eperiences

in e'er-da- life in fa*il- in schools on the

streets and at 2or6. 4he *ental health of

each person in turn affects life in each of these

do*ains and hence the health of a co**unit-

or population. Mental disorders are co**on


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2orld2ide *ental and %eha'ioral disorders

represented 11 of total disease %urden in

199" and gre2 to 1! in !""". 4his is predicted

to increase to 17 %- !"!" N: Mental health

pro%le*s also result in a 'ariet- of other costs

to societ- +


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after ischae*ic heart disease %- !"!". Get

*ental illness & *ental health ha'e %een

neglected topics for *ost go'ern*ents and

societies. Decent data +


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4DA4EIE For MAIN4ENANCE

AN) PD$M$4I$N $F

M/HEA4H.( A cli*ate that respects and protects %asic ci'il political econo*ic social and cultural

rights is funda*ental to the pro*otion of *ental health. N:


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( Collecti'e action depends on shared 'alues

as *uch as the 8ualit- of scientific e'idence

In so*e co**unities ti*e honored practices &

2a-s of life *aintain *ental health e'en though

*ental health *a- not %e identified as theoutco*e or identified %- *an-. In other co*3

*unities people need to %e con'inced that*a6ing an effort to i*pro'e *ental health is

2orth2hile or realistic.


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( Intersectional lin6age is the 6e- for *ental health pro*otion. N: Mental health can %e

i*pro'ed through the collecti'e action of societ-.

I*pro'ing *ental health re8uires policies andprogra**es in go'ern*ent and %usiness sectors

including education la%our ustice transport

en'iron*ent housing and 2elfare as 2ell

as specific acti'ities in the health field


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relating to the pre'ention and treat*ent of

ill health.

( Mental health is *ore than the a%sence of

*ental illness it is 'ital to indi'iduals fa*ilies

and societies. N: Mental health is descri%ed

%-


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foundation for 2ell%eing and effecti'e functioning

for an indi'idual and for co**unit-. 4he

core concept of *ental health is consistent

2ith its 2ide and 'aried interpretationacross cultures.

( Mental Health is e'er-%od-@s :usiness

4hose 2ho can do so*ething to pro*ote *ental

health and 2ho ha'e so*ething to gain include

fa*ilies indi'iduals co**unities co**ercial


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organi=ations and health professionals

Particularl- i*portant are the decisions *a6ers

in go'ern*ents at local and national le'els

2hose actions affect *ental health in 2a-s

that the- *a- not reali=e. International %odies

can ensure that countries at all stages of econo*ic

de'elop*ent are a2are of the i*portance of *ental

health to co**unit- de'elop*ent.


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4he- can also encourage the* +go'ern*ents,

to assess the possi%ilities and e'idence for

inter'ening to i*pro'e the *ental health ofthe population. N: 4here is no health 2ith3

$ut good *ental health.


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CA4E$DIE $F MEN4A

INE

Mental illnesses co*prise a large group of

disorders of thought or %eha'iour. 4he current

)iagnostic and tatistical Manual +I, of the

A*erican Ps-chological Association di'ides

*ental illnesses in the follo2ing groups

( Aniet- )isorders are associated 2ith intense

feelings of aniet- often in'ol'ing ph-sical

*anifestations 2hich disrupt dail- life.


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Ea*ples of aniet- disorders include i, post

trau*atic stress disorder +P4), ii, o%sessi'e

co*pulsi'e disorder +$C), and iii, pho%ias

Childhood )isorders such as i, attention deficit

h-peracti'it- disorder +A)H), and conduct

disorder3reflect disrupti'e and so*eti*es

dangerous %eha'iours in de'eloping

children.


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Eating )isorders

Eating disorders include anoreia ner'osa

and %uli*ia ner'osa in 2hich indi'iduals

a%stain fro* food or go to great lengths to purge

the*sel'es after eating.

M$$) )I$D)ED34he *ood disorders include unipolar

depressi'e disorder and %ipolar disorders 2hich

are t-pified %- prolonged periods of de%ilitating

depressed or ele'ated *ood.


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Personalit- )isorders.

Personalit- disorders constitute a fa*il- of

disorders 2ith *aladapti'e characteristics

and %eha'iours that are disrupti'e to self or others such as antisocial +ps-chopathic,

personalit- disorder and %orderline personalit-

disorder .


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Ps-chotic )isorders.

Ps-chotic disorders are *ar6ed %- profound

distur%ances in the thought process or content

delusions difficult- in social interaction andlanguage. Ea*ples include schi=ophrenia

and %rief ps-chotic disorder.


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u%stance Delated )isorder.

u%stance related disorders in'ol'e

destructi'e use of su%stances often 2ith

tolerance for the offending su%stanceand 2ithdra2al s-*pto*s upon cessation.

Co**on su%stance related disorders are

alcohol nicotine or cocaine dependence.

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