Concepts in Dental Public Health Ch 7
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Transcript of Concepts in Dental Public Health Ch 7
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Concepts In Dental PublicHealth
Program Evaluation
Chapter 7
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Purpose Of Program
Evaluation Evaluation answers the question: Was the
program successful in reducing or eliminating
the identified need or problem? Did the program accomplish what is was
designed to do?
How could the program be improved?
Should the program be continued? Does the program merit funding?
Should the program be expanded?
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Program EvaluationHelps:
1. Develop good practice
2. Make good use of scarce resources
3. Provide feedback to staff andparticipants
4. Shape policy development
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Most Importantly: Program evaluation is the contribution
to the provision of quality services to
people in need!
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Types Of Evaluation Formative (process evaluation)
Summative (outcome evaluation)
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Formative Evaluation Occurs during implementation process
Points out problems with the process
Identifies opportunities forimprovement with the process
Helps determine if program is operatingas expected.
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Summative Evaluation Occurs after the intervention
Results are compared with goals andobjectives to determine the impact ofthe program on the communitieshealth.
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Evaluation Two types: Qualitative and
Quantitative
Best if used together for evaluation
Give information as to whether and byhow much a program had an impact.
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Qualitative Evaluation Helpful when long term changes are
expected
They tell us why something changed,what factors are involved
Can cause program improvements more
quickly than quantitative methods Tell what people did and did not like
about the program
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Intermediate Outcomes Method to measure educational program
effectiveness
Ex: intention to quit smoking, improvementin plaque levels, agreement to get sealants,or decreased sugar intake.
Intermediate variables: knowledge, attitudes,behaviors (measurement of these helps todetermine program effectiveness)
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Stakeholders Who are they?
1. Policy makers
2. Funding agents
3. Community representatives
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Stakeholders Why are they important in the
evaluation process?
*The relevance and credibility of theresults and long-term participation isincreased when the stakeholders are
included in the evaluation process.
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Framework For Evaluation1. Engage stakeholders
2. Describe program
3. Focus evaluation design
4. Gather credible evidence
5. Justify conclusions6. Ensure use and share lessons learned
(Page 99, Table 7-1)
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Evaluation Designs Post program only
Pre-program and post program
Pre-program and post program with acomparison group
Pre-program and post program with acontrol group
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Post Program OnlyAssessed after program is completed
Least useful design
No baseline measurement taken tocompare results with
Only useful when a specific outcome is
desiredAmount of change that occurs cannot
be measured
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Pre-Program and Post
ProgramAllows for assessment of amount of
change
Baseline measurement is taken prior toprogram begins
Same measurement/same way/before
and after Does not account for changes in target
group that are not related to program
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Pre/Post With A Comparison
Group Comparison group does not receive the
program
Comparison and target group areassessed before and after program
Comparison group must be similar to
target group (gender, age, SES,education) and in similar situation
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Pre/Post With A Control Group Most reliable evaluation method
Participants are randomly assigned from
same group to target or control group
Random-each person has equal chanceof being assigned to either group
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Data Collection Methods Review Table 7-3, page 102-103
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Management Information
Systems Helps organize data
Data is needed to manage program
Data is needed to help make decisionsabout a program
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Information To Be Tracked Number and types of services
performed
Sealants retained over a period of time
Numbers of attendees
Responses to evaluation forms