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Concepts and Theories of Politics

What’s inside the dirty kitchen: A discussion on the

Man is by nature a political animalARISTOTLE Politics, 1

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The chef’s guide to political science Politics is exciting because people

disagree. The question of HOW in politics leads

us perhaps in the effort to introduce CHANGE, REFORM & INNOVATION

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Concepts of State and Government

What’s in the cook book?

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The concept of state and government

A state Community of person Definite portion or territory With a government Enjoys freedom from external control

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The concept of state and government

Origins of state Divine right theory Necessity or force theory Paternalistic theory Social Contract Theory

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The concept of state and government

State distinguished from nation State distinguished from government Purpose and necessity of

government

1. Advancement of the public welfare2. Consequence of absence

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The concept of state and government

Forms of government

AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSON EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER

Monarchy Aristocracy Democracy

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The concept of state and government

Forms of government

AS TO THE EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Unitary government Federal government

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The concept of state and government

Forms of government

AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

Parliamentary government Presidential government

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Important Note

Fundamentally, what determines the effectiveness of a government in all aspects is not in its form

Effectiveness can only be achieved through the quality of men and women who serve in it

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Government, Systems and Regimes

The tools for cooking the best gourmet

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The traditional system of classification

WHAT is being classified and WHY we need to classify

We need to define ‘Government’ We need to define ‘Political Systems’

and its subsystem We need to define ‘Political Regimes’

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The characteristics of classification

2 sources of classification It aids in understanding of politics It facilitate evaluation rather than

analysis

The drawbacks of classification The danger of simplification Value biases

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The classical typologiesWho rules?

One person The few The many

Who benefits? Ruler Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy

All Monarchy Aristocracy Polity

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The classical typologies

Form Observation People

Tyranny Worst form Slaves

MonarchyAristocracy Impractical

Community before

the rulers interest

Polity Practicable Rule by the many

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The classical typologies

The development was passed to the early liberals

The road to the cause of constitutional government

Locke: Sovereignty is to the people Montesquieu: Check and balance Result: Constitutional Republicanism

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Cooking Political ideology

What’s for breakfast?

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Liberalism

The elements liberalism Individualism Freedom Reason Equality Toleration Consent Constitutionalism

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Liberalism

The taste of liberalism

CLASSICAL Liberalism MODERN Liberalism

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Conservatism

The elements of conservatism Tradition Pragmatism Human imperfection Organicism Hierarchy Authority Property

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Socialism

Elements of socialism Community Fraternity Social Equality Need Social Class Common Ownership

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Other Ideological Traditions Fascism Anarchism Feminism Environmentalism Religious Fundamentalism

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The EndHave a good cooking!