Concept of Oil Palm Replanting Program · Peranan swasta dalam kelapa sawit jauh lebih dominan...
Transcript of Concept of Oil Palm Replanting Program · Peranan swasta dalam kelapa sawit jauh lebih dominan...
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Concept of Oil Palm Replanting Program
18 October 2017
The World Plantation Conferences 2017, Grand Sahid Hotel, JAKARTA
Lin Che Wei
Policy Advisor for the Minister of the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs and Minister of Agrarian & Spatial Planning
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• 41% of Indonesia palm oil comes from smallholders
• But crop yields of independent smallholders and state owned enterprises are less than plasma farmers
(outgrowers under contract) and private industry
Indonesia have to develop schemes to increase agricultural production and productivity and ensure
more sustainable management
SOEs 7%
Private 52%
Smallholders 41%
Indonesia Palm Oil Plantation Area:
~11 million Ha Independent Farmers
2.5 Million Ha
Plasma Farmers
2.0 Million Ha (Working with the plantation
companies)
Yield CPO
2-3 Ton/Ha/Year
Yield CPO
5-6 Ton/Ha/Year
Yield CPO
3-4 Ton/Ha/Year
Yield CPO
5-6 Ton/Ha/Year
Indonesia Palm Oil - Land to Production
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KETIMPANGAN PADA SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN
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Peranan
Rendah
Peranan
Seimbang
Peranan
Tinggi
Sumber: Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementan, 2016
Peranan swasta dalam kelapa sawit jauh lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan komoditas lain, penyerapan TK pun setiap tahun
terus meningkat. Di sisi lain komoditas seperti tebu, teh, karet, kelapa, kakao, kopi dan cengkeh memerlukan peranan swasta yang
lebih banyak demi mendorong rantai nilai produksi yang lebih baik, terutama dalam hal penyediaan bibit, peningkatan rantai nilai,
peningkatan kualitas, menjadi offtaker / avalis.
Komoditas
Kelapa
Sawit
Tebu
Teh
Karet
Kelapa
Kakao
Kopi
Cengkeh
Kebutuhan masuknya pihak swasta
0% 100% 53%
24% 0% 100%
0% 100% 24%
0% 100% 9%
0% 100% 1%
0% 100% 1,6%
0% 100% 2,1%
0% 100% 1,3%
Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Peranan Swasta dalam
Perkebunan 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAGR
3.651.636 3.701,321 5.184.747 5.218.322 5.503.418 10,8% Cukup dominan
1.042.173 996.648 1.068.022 1.066.434 1.068.569 0,6% Membutuhkan dorongan
peranan pihak swasta
untuk penelitian dan
pengembangan 198.037 201.260 99.591 101.198 101.744 -15,3%
2.310.169 2.303.360 2.398.117 2.434.375 2.442.598 1,4%
Perlu insentif untuk
mendorong pihak swasta
dalam penelitian, offtaker
& pengolahan
6.956.998 7.091.801 6.984.347 6.645.040 6.576.045 -1,4%
1.701.958 1.638.535 1.739.289 1.766.281 1.762.277 0,9%
1.929.459 2.047.273 1.935.956 1.827.371 1.852.245 -1,0%
4.760 4.760 4.762 4.762 4.766 0,03%
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Neraca Perdagangan Gula Indonesia (1930 – 2015)
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Source: - US Dept of Agriculture
(Data of 1960 – 2014)
- Data of 1930 - 1959
(Martinus Nijhoff and estimation)
1930 Harga gula dunia yang tinggi
dimana menstimulasi laju
ekspansi dari produsen gula.
1940 India sebagai importir utama
mengurangi volume impor gula
mengikuti ekspansi nasional
1950 Menurunnya laju produksi
setelah invasi dan revolusi fisik
Jepang dengan membakar
pabrik gula
1967 Rendahnya produksi, petani
enggan menyediakan
lahannya dengan harga sewa
untuk tebu
1982 Resesi ekonomi dan kontrol
impor berdampak kepada krisis
minyak dimana menurunkan
permintaan global
1996
Kebijakan tarif impor 0%, diikuti
eliminasi monopoli BULOG
dalam impor gula di tahun
1998
2005
Produksi tebu yang tinggi
sebagai hasil program
replanting tahun 2004
2007 Stok tinggi untuk domestik
untuk penawaran
domestik, disebabkan
rendahnya jumlah gula
impor
Milestone Penting Industri Gula Indonesia
1. Sebelum Perang – Zaman keemasan Industri Gula
2. Masa Kemerdekaan – Mulai Turun
3. 1967 - Titik Nadir – Nasionalisasi Pabrik-pabrik Tebu milik Oei Tiong Ham yang
memutus rantai on-farm dan off farm
4. 1978-1981 Pembangunan Pabrik Gula di Lampung
5. 1996 Pembubaran Monopoli Bulog – Dan rencana Rasionalisasi PG di Jawa. Bulog di
bubarkan namun PG tidak jadi dirasionalisasi – akibatnya tatanan industri gula rusak
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P-1 P0 P1 P2 P3 Sub Total Total
Pre - Replanting 10
Admin cost (SHM, STDB, SPPL, CPCL) 10 10
Replanting 82
Land Clearing + Immature Development 28 28
Upkeep 1 15 15
Upkeep 2 18 18
Upkeep 3 21 21
Total 92
Financing source: 92
- BPDPKS 10 15 25
- Corporation 13 15 (28) 0
- financial institution 46 21 67
Palm Oil Replanting Financing Scheme
In million rupiah
Palm Oil replanting financing source and financing scheme
BPDPKS grant amounted Rp25 million/ha will be used to finance pre-replanting stage
and admin cost to minimize replanting cost
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Kelapa Sawit Merupakan Komodiitas dengan Produktivitas per Ha tertinggi mencapai ~4 Ton/Ha jauh lebih tinggi
dari rapeseed ~0,7 Ton/Ha, Sunflower ~0,6 Ton/Ha, dan Soybean ~0,4 Ton/Ha
Lahan Minyak Nabati Lainnya
77 juta lainnya Produksi lainnya
46 juta ton
Jika melihat produktivitas per Ha untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan minyak nabati
dunia, maka komoditas sawit
membutuhkan lahan paling sedikit untuk
memproduksi minyak nabati
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administrative cost standardization
during pre-replanting and
replanting stage
Financing return can only occur if ther
is no side selling
Private sector involvement Focus to the main purpose
Cost standardization The Need of Credit System Prevent Side Selling
Key Success Factors of Palm Oil Replanting
In order to achieve ideal palm oil replanting program – We must meet the success factors below
Key Success Factors of
Palm Oil Replanting
The main purpose of replanting
program is economic equality for
small farmers.
Private sector can involve to be
guarantor, off-taker, mentor to
implement good agricultural practice
and assist in verifying nominees
Using Face recognition technology
to identify entitled small farmers to
minimize credit risk
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Identify palm oil area which
need to be replanted at national
level
Identify palm oil area which need to
be replanted at provincial level
including potential smallholders
Central government
conducts coordination
meeting to determine the
areas and smallholders
based on criterias
Central government determines budget
needed to do replanting
Criterias :
1. Age of plants
2. Productivity
3. Smallholders
welfare
Potential land need
to be replanted
Municipal government identify potential areas
using spatial approach
Municipal government identify list of
smallholders cooperatives that meet palm oil
replanting criteria
Palm Oil Smallholders Cooperative
Identify smallholders at
district level and field
verification
District government identify
potential areas using spatial
approach and match the
areas with district plantation
service (dinas perkebunan)
District government perform field verification on
the potential areas and smallholders
Coordination meeting to determine
areas and budget
Identify potential area and smallholders
cooperative Field verification
Top-down identification is the most efficient way to be implemented in order to determine appropriate
potential of land and small farmers who are really entitled to replanting support,
Ideal Replanting Program Framework
Criteria :
1. Age of plants
2. Productivity
3. Smallholders
welfare
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The main focus of palm oil replanting is to improve the smallholders welfare and productivity as well as
provide land and plantation legality assistance
Current Condition Ideal Condition
District Level Indonesia
Criterias: 1. Smallholders who have old
plantations and low productivity
2. Smallholders who are not able
to do replanting on their own Verification
Potential smallholders at
national level
Potential smallholders at
district level
1. Long process
2. Small Number of
qualified smallholders
1. Fast process
2. Provide incentives to smallholders by providing land legality
3. Number of qualified farmers suitable with the replanting
objectives
Output: Output:
Administration :
Check & Verification of Land legality,
plantation and smallholders cooperatives
Stage 1 (District) :
1. Field checking & verification of legality
compliance and suitability
Stage 2 (Province) :
1. Data verification from district and field
checking (if needed)
Stage 3 (Central) :
1. Field checking & verification on district
data
2. Provide technical recommendation for
selected smallholders and cooperatives
1. Seed readiness
2. Local government support
3. Smallholders who have old plantations
Administration :
Check & Verification of Land legality,
plantation and smallholders
cooperatives
Supports :
Land administration and certification
assisstance
Stage 1 (district) :
1. Field checking and verification
2. Send copies of all selected
documentation & archives to
provincial and central
government
Palm Oil Replanting Scheme
Criterias:
Verification
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Directorate General of Plantation’s Scheme Proposed Replanting Scheme
Identify potential
areas to be
replanted
Near Palm Oil Mill
Near seed market
plantation with
aged> 25 years and
/or productivity 25
years and /or productivity
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Palm Oil Replanting Location Target
Pilot Project
(Short term)
Replanting program target area
(long term)
Sumatera island will be the main focus area to do palm oil replanting and North Sumatera will be
the next target after South Sumatera (Musi Banyuasin) last week.
West
Kalimantan
Bengkulu
Jambi
Riau
North
Sumatera
District Area: MUSI BANYUASIN
DONE
East
Kalimantan
South
Sumatera
4,450 Ha of smallholders
plantation
4 of smallholders
cooperatives
1,988 of smallholder
households
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TBM = 0 – 3 Tahun
TM = 3 – 25 Tahun
TTM = > 25 Tahun
Administrative border
Plantation Status
• Indonesia Palm Oil Plantation areas are distributed on several large islands such as Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua
• Based on ministry of agriculture data in 2017, the largest area is in Sumatera with total area of 7,2 million Ha (181 thousand Ha of
aged>25 years)
• Followed by Kalimantan with 4,3 million Ha (69 thousand Ha of aged> 25 years) and Sulawesi with 0,4 Million Ha (8 thousand Ha of
aged> 25 years old).
TBM : Immature plants
TM : productive plants
TTM : unproductive plants
illustration
Map of Indonesia Palm Oil Plantation Area Distribution
Source : Indonesia Plantations Statistic 2015 – 2017, Ministry of Agriculture; Data projection 2017
Sumatera island has the highest unproductive area of palm oil plantation
TBM
TM
TTM
1,163,531 Ha
6,055,705 Ha
181,117 Ha
15,7%
81,8%
2,4%
% SUMATERA
TBM
TM
TTM
1,411,089 Ha
2,859,511 Ha
69,460 Ha
32,5%
65,9%
1,6%
% KALIMANTAN
TBM
TM
TTM
142.427 Ha
253.548 Ha
8085 Ha
35,2%
62,8%
2,0%
% SULAWESI
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4 Main Conditions in Replanting Program Implementation
There are 4 main conditions that should be met in order to achieve replanting program
objectives:
Certified palm oil
seeds
Clustered palm oil
areas and managed by
smallholders
cooperatives
Offtake agreement between
smallholders and verified
corporation as well as good
agricultural practice
assistance
Selected palm oil
replanting areas must
be clean & clear
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Challenges in Implementing Palm Oil Replanting Program for Smallholders
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1 Smallholders do not have land
certificate (SHM) or farmers
planting permit (IUP)
Acceleration of certification process
with cost standardization and need to
be supported by local government
2 Partnership business model
should be strengthened
Implementation of good corporate
governance practices in farmer
cooperative and intensive
supervision from big corporation
3 The need of financing support Obtain bank financing with low interest especially in the grace period
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Obtain support from government through
BPDPKS with an easy, fast, yet
accountable as well as integrate it with KUR
policy for palm oil plantations
High replanting cost
CHALLENGES ACTIONS