Concept of justiceConcept of justice

The word justice has been The word justice has been originated from Latin word ‘Jus’ which originated from Latin word ‘Jus’ which means bond or tie. This means that means bond or tie. This means that justice is a system in which men are tied justice is a system in which men are tied in close relationship. A man living in in close relationship. A man living in society is attached to another man in society is attached to another man in one way or the other. This relationship one way or the other. This relationship has few rights and duties attached to it. has few rights and duties attached to it. When a man while enjoying his rights When a man while enjoying his rights also fulfils his duties and behaves in an also fulfils his duties and behaves in an appropriate manner with others, then he appropriate manner with others, then he is said to be doing justice.is said to be doing justice.

Meaning of JusticeMeaning of Justice

According to Salmond, “Justice means According to Salmond, “Justice means provide everyone his share” provide everyone his share”

According to Plato, ‘Justice is a quality. In According to Plato, ‘Justice is a quality. In simple words the meaning of justice is to simple words the meaning of justice is to discharge one’s duties honestly and not to discharge one’s duties honestly and not to interfere in other actions. interfere in other actions.

So justice is concerned with human So justice is concerned with human

welfarewelfare

Characteristics of JusticeCharacteristics of Justice Human welfareHuman welfare Ethical conceptEthical concept ChangeabilityChangeability Fulfillment of reasonable interestFulfillment of reasonable interest Performance of dutiesPerformance of duties To provide everybody his reasonable shareTo provide everybody his reasonable share Justice is related to values prevailing in Justice is related to values prevailing in

societysociety

Basic postulates of JusticeBasic postulates of Justice TruthTruth Uniform values Uniform values Equality before lawEquality before law LibertyLiberty ImpartialityImpartiality Respect of individual’s ability and Respect of individual’s ability and

capabilitycapability Protective discrimination is not injusticeProtective discrimination is not injustice Provision of rightsProvision of rights Fulfillment of basic needs Fulfillment of basic needs

Various Various Dimensions ofDimensions of Justice Justice

Legal dimensions of justiceLegal dimensions of justice Political dimensions of justicePolitical dimensions of justice Social dimensions of justiceSocial dimensions of justice Economic dimensions of justiceEconomic dimensions of justice

Legal dimension of justice Legal dimension of justice

Justice and laws have close affinity with each Justice and laws have close affinity with each other. State makes laws and implements other. State makes laws and implements them in order to establish justice in the them in order to establish justice in the society.society.

Following conditions are necessary to ensure Following conditions are necessary to ensure legal justice:-legal justice:-

Just lawsJust laws Equality before lawEquality before law Uniform legal systemUniform legal system Impartial and independent judiciaryImpartial and independent judiciary Inexpensive and efficient justiceInexpensive and efficient justice Democratic organization of legislative bodiesDemocratic organization of legislative bodies

Political dimensions of justicePolitical dimensions of justice

Nobody should be denied of political rights Nobody should be denied of political rights and to provide equal political rights is and to provide equal political rights is political justice.political justice.

Following conditions are necessary to ensure Following conditions are necessary to ensure political justice:-political justice:-

Universal adult franchiseUniversal adult franchise Right to contest electionsRight to contest elections Right to criticise the governmentRight to criticise the government Right to form political partiesRight to form political parties Right to protestRight to protest

Right to petitionRight to petition Respect of human rightRespect of human right Protection of the interests of minoritiesProtection of the interests of minorities Political authority should be based on the Political authority should be based on the

consent of the peopleconsent of the people Democratic systemDemocratic system Special provisions for the protection of the Special provisions for the protection of the

interests of Backward classes and interests of Backward classes and backward tribesbackward tribes

Social Dimensions of JusticeSocial Dimensions of Justice

Social justice means to give proper Social justice means to give proper opportunities to every citizens, in every opportunities to every citizens, in every sphere of life, to develop his personality sphere of life, to develop his personality and to end all types of social inequalities.and to end all types of social inequalities.

Following conditions are necessary to ensure Following conditions are necessary to ensure Social justice:-Social justice:-

Equality before lawEquality before law Absence of special rightsAbsence of special rights Prohibitions of discriminationProhibitions of discrimination

To end caste systemTo end caste system Just distribution of wealthJust distribution of wealth Democratic governmentDemocratic government Just balance between freedom and social Just balance between freedom and social

controlcontrol Social securitySocial security Provision of equal political rightsProvision of equal political rights Protection of interest of minoritiesProtection of interest of minorities Abolition of social valuesAbolition of social values

Economic Dimensions of Economic Dimensions of JusticeJustice

By economic justice mean to provide By economic justice mean to provide equal opportunities to everybody to earn his equal opportunities to everybody to earn his livelihood. It also mean to help such people livelihood. It also mean to help such people who are not able to work and earn their who are not able to work and earn their livelihood. The basic needs of every body livelihood. The basic needs of every body such as food, cloth and shelter should be such as food, cloth and shelter should be fulfilled and the unequal distribution of wealth fulfilled and the unequal distribution of wealth needed to be stopped. needed to be stopped.

Following conditions are necessary to ensure Following conditions are necessary to ensure economic justice:-economic justice:-

Right to work for everybodyRight to work for everybody Fulfillment of basic needsFulfillment of basic needs To reduce wide economic disparitiesTo reduce wide economic disparities

Protection of the interest of workersProtection of the interest of workers From each according to his ability and to From each according to his ability and to

each according to his needseach according to his needs Just distribution of wealthJust distribution of wealth End of economic exploitationEnd of economic exploitation Special protection of the interest of Special protection of the interest of

weaker sectionweaker section Limited right to propertyLimited right to property Question of state interference in economic Question of state interference in economic

needsneeds Fixed economy is betterFixed economy is better Equal wages for same jobEqual wages for same job

Relationship between liberty, Relationship between liberty, equality, property and justiceequality, property and justice

Relationship between liberty Relationship between liberty

and justice:-and justice:-liberty is the first need of liberty is the first need of justice. Every ruler who attacks the civil justice. Every ruler who attacks the civil liberties is considered unjust ruler. We can liberties is considered unjust ruler. We can not even think of one without the other.not even think of one without the other.

Purpose of both is commonPurpose of both is common Liberty is the first condition of justiceLiberty is the first condition of justiceBut absolute freedom is against justiceBut absolute freedom is against justice

Relation between justice and Relation between justice and propertyproperty

There are contradictions in views There are contradictions in views regarding the relationship between justice regarding the relationship between justice and property.and property.

According to liberalists:-According to liberalists:- liberalists accept a close relationship liberalists accept a close relationship between justice and property and they between justice and property and they think right to property is necessary for the think right to property is necessary for the establishing economic and social justice, establishing economic and social justice, because:because:

It create incentive to workIt create incentive to work It gives social status to manIt gives social status to man To reap the fruit of your labour is justiceTo reap the fruit of your labour is justice

Views of contemporary Views of contemporary liberalist:-liberalist:-

Contemporary liberalist are against giving Contemporary liberalist are against giving absolute right to property. They are of the absolute right to property. They are of the view that right to property can be limited view that right to property can be limited by keeping in mind social interest and by keeping in mind social interest and social justice. They are in favour of mixed social justice. They are in favour of mixed economy.economy.

Views of Marxists:-Views of Marxists:-

According to Marxist there is no close According to Marxist there is no close relationship between justice and personal relationship between justice and personal property, rather, they are opposed to each property, rather, they are opposed to each other. Marxist are of the view that other. Marxist are of the view that personal property is against liberty, personal property is against liberty, equality and justice, because:-equality and justice, because:-

Exploitation is its basisExploitation is its basis It divides society into classesIt divides society into classes It creates social tensionIt creates social tension

Conclusion Conclusion We can conclude that justice is concerned We can conclude that justice is concerned

with human welfare and the protection of with human welfare and the protection of reasonable interests. It can be experienced only reasonable interests. It can be experienced only when each citizen will perform his duties in right when each citizen will perform his duties in right perspective. A just society is that society where perspective. A just society is that society where every individual gets legal, political, social, every individual gets legal, political, social, economic justice. For every just society there economic justice. For every just society there should be a proper combination among equality should be a proper combination among equality liberty and justice. there is a close mutual liberty and justice. there is a close mutual relationship among them. These concepts are relationship among them. These concepts are closely knitted to each other with an unseen thread. closely knitted to each other with an unseen thread. The individual is the subject matter of these The individual is the subject matter of these concepts. The main purpose of these concepts is concepts. The main purpose of these concepts is the development of human beings welfare the development of human beings welfare

and the protection of reasonable interests. It can and the protection of reasonable interests. It can be experienced only when each citizen will be experienced only when each citizen will perform his duties in right perspective. A just perform his duties in right perspective. A just society is that society where every individual gets society is that society where every individual gets legal, political, social, economic justice. For every legal, political, social, economic justice. For every just society there should be a proper combination just society there should be a proper combination among equality liberty and justice.among equality liberty and justice.

There is a close mutual relationship among There is a close mutual relationship among them. These concepts are closely knitted to each them. These concepts are closely knitted to each other with an unseen thread. The individual is the other with an unseen thread. The individual is the subject matter of these concepts. The main subject matter of these concepts. The main purpose of these concept is the development of purpose of these concept is the development of human beings.human beings.

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ByBy Dr. AMANDIP KAURDr. AMANDIP KAUR DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE,DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH.PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH.