Conbustion And Convection In Microgravity
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Conbustion And Convection In Microgravity
Naiara Barrado IzagirreEHU-UPV
Authors: Javier Rodríguez, Naiara Barrado, Daniel Fernández de Castillo, Leire Del Campo, Manuel J. Tello
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Index
What do we know about a candle in microgravity?Experiment Objectives.Experiment Description.Technical support.Outreach.
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COMBUSTION:The flame of a candle a non-propagating pure difusion flame.Many interesting results around flame:
EstructureSize
Differences under normal gravity or microgravity.
Althogh it may raise an eyebrow, the candle hides a complex physics
behind.
What Do We Know About A Candle?
aerodynamic featurechemistry and transport feature
ShapeColour
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Candle under normal gravity
Candle under microgravity conditions
•Hemi spherical.•Dim blue.
•Tear-drop-like.•Yelow.
If anyone thinks about bringing a candle to the space in order to light up, it has been proved that he is wrong: The candle
doesn’t light in microgravity!!!!
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Why these tear-drop-like form?
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CONVECTION CURRENTS:Currents into the melted wax (in the top of the candle).Produced by temperature gradients between the flame base and the candle border. Very important in
order to avoid a very quickly candle melting the well base is an isothermal surface where the wax is contained.
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Experimet Objectives
The following experiment are proposed:1) Convection currents.
2) Behavior of the flame in presence of an electrical field.
3) Variation of the oxigen concentration.
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Experiment Description I
CONVECTIONCONVECTION CURRENTSCURRENTS:Study of the convection currents using sketchers.We were able to observe fluctuations in the currents under gravity conditions.Sketchers will follow the convection currents.Thermocouples: Allow registering the temperature changes at different points of the melted wax.
Hot focus
Isothermal surface
Convection currents followed by sketchers
Flame
Thermocouples
1)
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Experiment Description II
FLAME SHAPE IN AN FLAME SHAPE IN AN ELECTRICAL FIELDELECTRICAL FIELD:Study of the flame shape in an electrostatic field.Ifluence of the electrical field is due to the presence of some charged particles in the flame (soot).
Plane capacitor
2)
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Experiment Description III
OXIGEN CONCENTRATION:OXIGEN CONCENTRATION:Study the convection currents and the flame shape with and without electrical field changing the oxygen concentration.. Variation of oxygen will be made using a little oxygen container coupled to the boxes*.
3)
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Technical support I
Candles located in apropiate polycarbonate boxes (not flammable).
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Cameras
Technical support II
Location at the rack.Four cameras operating in the visible and ultraviolet.
Horizontal compensation mechanical system:
Allows to maintain the melted wax surface in the same position during the parabolic flight.
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Candles of different characteristics will be used :
diameterlengthtype of wicketc…
To see the influence of all these parameters in:flame shapecolour and dimensionssoot formationoxygen combustion
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Outreach
Experiments have scientificscientific, technologicaltechnological and educationaleducational objectives:Scientific: Writing an article.Tehnological: Application on candle production.Educational: Divulgation DVD.
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Bilbliography
1) J. Wisniak, “Candle: A light into the past”, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 7 (2001) 319-326.
2) D.L. Dietrich, H.D. Ross, Y. Shu, P. Chang, J.S. Tien, “Candle flames in non-buoyant atmospheres”, Combustion Science & Technology 156 (200) 1-24.
3) X. Q. Zhang, W.F. Du, M.G. Wei, W.J. Kong, Y.Hua, “A study of candle flame in microgravity” (to be published).
4) Some internet pages.