COMPUTING Std IX Ex 10.1 page 116 Q1. Write any four field where computers is being used.
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Transcript of COMPUTING Std IX Ex 10.1 page 116 Q1. Write any four field where computers is being used.
Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111
• Reservations in railways & airplanes.
• Computerized bills of electricity, telephone, insurance premium.
• Workers paybills
Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111
• Merit list & Results of various organization.
• Printing of news paper and magazines..
• Widely used in Banks, Share market & Insurance Company.
Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111
• Scientific research.
• Launching of satellite.
• Forecasting of weather.
• Television & cable advertisement etc.
Why do we need computers ? Text book PAGE No. 111 / 112
• Have more and more knowledge,
• Generate new knowledge.
• Utilize the existing knowledge in best possible way and more efficiently.
Ours is a knowledge oriented society and we are eager to
Devices used for calculation Text book PAGE No. 112
• Abacus
• Logarithms
• Slide rule
• Pascal’s adding machine
• Babbages analytical Engine
• Turing machine
• Calculator
Abacus
Abacus, instrument used in performing arithmetic calculations. Many early civilizations used the abacus. In ancient Roman culture it was a sand-covered wax tablet, marked table, or grooved table or tablet. A simplified form of abacus was used in medieval England. The abacus is still used in China and Japan.
Logarithms
The first tables of logarithms were published independently by the Scottish mathematician John Napier in 1614 and the Swiss mathematician Justus Byrgius in 1620. The first table of common logarithms was compiled by the English mathematician Henry Briggs.
SLIDE RULE
Slide RulePrior to the Invention of the hand-held calculator, the slide
rule was a standard tool for engineers and scientists. Operating on the principle that all mathematical computations may be carried out on sets of sliding scales, the device looks much like a heavily calibrated ruler with a movable midsection. The midsection, called the sliding center scales, is engraved with fine lines to allow the user to align different logarithmic scales rapidly and efficiently. Multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, squaring, cubing, extracting roots, and more complicated calculations were computed regularly by adept users until well into the 1960s.
Pascal Adding Machine
Pascal (computer), a concise procedural computer programming language, designed 1967-71 by Niklaus Wirth. Pascal, a compiled, structured language, built upon ALGOL, simplifies syntax while adding data types and structures such as subranges, enumerated data types, files, records, and sets. Acceptance and use of Pascal exploded with Borland International's introduction in 1984 of Turbo Pascal, a high-speed, low-cost Pascal compiler for MS-DOS systems that has sold over a million copies in its various versions.
Babbages analytical Engine
Analytical Engine, a mechanical calculating machine that was conceived by British mathematician and scientist Charles Babbage in 1833 but only a part of which was ever constructed. The first general-purpose digital computer, the Analytical Engine, although conceived long before electronics technology appeared, was to have been capable of storing instructions, performing mathematical operations, and using punched cards as a form of permanent memory.
.
Turing Machine
In 1936 British mathematician Alan Turing proposed the idea
of a machine that could process equations without human direction. The machine (now
known as a Turing machine) resembled an automatic typewriter that used symbols for math and logic instead of letters. Turing intended the device to be used as a “universal machine” that could be programmed to duplicate the function of any other existing machine. Turing’s machine was the theoretical precursor to the modern digital computer.
Calculator
In 1967 a team of three engineers from Texas Instruments, Inc. invented the portable,
electronic, handheld calculator. Jack Kilby, widely known as the inventor of the integrated circuit (IC), or computer
chip,along with Jerry Merryman and James Van Tassel, built an IC-based, battery-powered miniature calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. This basic calculator could accept 6-digit numbers and display results as large as 12 digits. The prototype of this device is now displayed in the Smithsonian Institution, based in Washington, D.C.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
Input Devices
• Input Devices: - It is used to pass on the data and program to the computer.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
Input Devices
CPU
• Central Processing Unit: -A unit consisting of ALU, Memory Unit and Control Unit is called CPU.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
• Output Devices: - It is used to pass on the final answer to the user.
Output Devices
Input Devices
CPU
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
Output Devices
ALU
Input Devices
CPU
• Arithmetic Logic Unit: - It is a part which does the calculation work apart from some other work.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
Output Devices
ALU
Control Unit
Input Devices
CPU
• Control Unit: -This unit controls all other units. It also give instruction to other units as and when required by a program.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 114
Output Devices
ALU
Control Unit
Memory Unit
Input Devices
CPU
• Memory Unit: - The data and instruction, which we supply through input devices, are stored in a unit called “memory unit”. This data can be used whenever required.
Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113
Some features of computer Text book PAGE No. 114
• A computer carries out the instruction most obediently and very accurately.
• It works continuously for lengthy or repetitive type of work.
• It works with a tremendous speed.• It has a memory with voluminous data and / or
large number of instruction can be stored.• The information stored in the computer can be
processed and various reports can be generated.
• Numeric Computation• Alphabetic Computation• Alpha-numeric computation
Types of ComputationText book PAGE No. 114
Text book PAGE No. 116
Q3 ) Give an example of alpha-numeric computation.Ans ) To prepare a list of the ages of the students of your class as on today and arrange their ages in the descending order.
Write down various stages of computation in the following example
₪ 27 - 13 ( 64 ÷ 2 – 19 x 13 ) -11
═ 27 - 13 ( 32 – 19 x 13 ) -11
═ 27 - 13 ( 32 – 247 ) -11
═ 27 - 13 ( - 215 ) -11
═ 27 + 2795 – 11
═ 2882 – 11
═ 2811
Q4) Write down various stages of computation in the following example
• 15 – ( 18 x 5 ) + ( 60 ÷12 ) – (– 20 ) + 2═ 15 – ( 18 x 5 ) + ( 5 ) – (– 20 ) + 2═ 15 – ( 90 ) + ( 5 ) – ( – 20 ) + 2═ 15 – ( 90 ) + ( 5 ) + 20 + 2═ – 75 + 5 + 20 + 2═ – 70 + 20 + 2═ – 50 + 2═ – 48
Q4) Write down various stages of computation in the following example
• 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – ( 8 x 12 ) ÷ ( + 22 )
= 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – ( 96 ) ÷ ( + 22 )
= 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – 4.36
= 12 – 3 + 10 – 4.36
= 12 + 7 – 4.36
= 19 – 4.36
= 14.64
Way’s of representation Text book PAGE No. 125
• Algorithm: - The step by step procedure to solve a problem is known as an algorithm
Q1. What is an algorithm?
•Flowchart: - The diagrammatic representation of an algorithm is called a “Flowchart”.
Q2. What is a flowchart?
To solve the problem with the help of computer
• Analyse the problem.
• Think of a solution procedure.
• Write step by step instructions to get the solution.
• Draw a flowchart.
Flowchart
“PRINT” or “INPUT” or “OUTPUT” box.
Input & Output Box
Input the value of A
Print thevalue of A
Read the valueof A,B and C
Examples
Rectangular box for calculation and storage.
FlowchartRectangular Box
Calculate the value ofI = (P *N*R) / 100
Store the value of I
Examples
Flowchart
Lines with arrows to indicate the direction of flow.
Flow Lines
Start
Read the value of A
Examples
Flowchart
Connectors to link the flowcharts
Connectors
Is A > 10No
Yes
Print thevalue of A
1
Examples
START
Read the value of ‘m’
Store thevalue of ‘m’
Print thevalue of ‘m’
STOP
START
Read the value of ‘m’
Print thevalue of ‘m’
STOP
START
Read the value of ‘m’
Store thevalue of ‘m’
Print thevalue of ‘x’
STOP
Read the value of ‘n’
Store thevalue of ‘n’
1
1
Calculatex = m + n
Store the valueof x
START
Read the value of ‘m’
Print thevalue of ‘x’
STOP
Read the value of ‘n’
Calculatex = m + n
Text book page 125Q5) Draw a flow chart to print the area and
perimeter of the rectangle.START
Read the value of length as ‘l ’
Print the value of Perimeter as P
STOP
Read the value of breadth as ‘b’
Calculate Perimeter asP = 2 ( l + b )
1
1
Calculate Area as A = l x b
Print the value of Area as A
Text book page 125Q6) Draw a flow chart to find the area of a
triangle whose base is b and height is h.
START
Read the value of base as ‘b ’
STOP
Read the value of height as ‘h’
Calculate Area as A = ½ x b x h
Print the value of Area as A
Text book page 125Q7) Draw a flow chart to find the average of
two given numbers
START
Read the value of ‘m’
Print the value of Average as ‘Av’ STOP
Read the value of ‘n’
Calculate Averageas ‘Av’ = (m + n) 2
Text book page 125Q8) Ram purchased one book for Rs. 40 and sold it for Rs. 45.
Draw a flow chart to print the profit made by Ram.
START
Read the value of C.P as C = Rs. 40
Print the value of Profit as ‘P’ STOP
Read the value of S.P. as S = Rs. 45
Calculate Profitas ‘P’ = S - P
Text book page 125Q9) The distance between the two towns is 100
Km. Draw a flowchart in meters and centimeters.START
Read the value of distance as ‘D ’= 100 km
Print the value of C = 1,00,00,000 cm
STOP
Calculate distance in centimeters as C = D x 1000 x 100
1
1
Calculate distance in meters as M = D x 1000
Print the value of M = 1,00,000 m
Text book page 125Q10) A plot size 50m X 60m is purchased at the rate of Rs.
1120/- per square meter. Draw a flowchart to print the cost of the plot.
START
Read the value of length as ‘l ’= 60m
STOP
Read the value of breadth as ‘b’= 50m
Calculate cost asC = ( l x b ) x r
1
1
Print the value of Cost as C
Read the value of Rate as ‘r’= Rs. 1120
Text book page 125Q12) The length and the breadth of a rectangle is input through keyboard. Draw a flowchart to print the area of the rectangle
only if the perimeter is greater than 30.START
Read the value of length as ‘l ’
STOP
Read the value of breadth as ‘b’
Calculate Perimeter asP = 2 ( l + b )
1
1
Calculate Area as A = l x b
Print the value of Area as A
IsP>30
Yes
No
START
Read the value of ‘a’
Read thevalue of ‘b’
Isa > b
YesNoPrint ‘The valueof a is greater’
Print ‘The valueof b is greater’
STOP
START
Read the value of ‘a’
Read thevalue of ‘b’
Isa > = b
Yes
No
Print ‘The valueof b is greater’
Isa = b
Print ‘The value of a = b’
Yes
No
Print ‘The valueof a is greater’
STOP