Computing ESSENTIALS CHAPTER 1 1010 Privacy and Security computing ESSENTIALS.

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computing ESSENTIALS

CH

AP

TE

R 10101010Privacy and

Security


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Competencies

Negative effects

Privacy

Security

Ergonomics

Environment


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Negative Effects

Effective implementation of technology Maximize positive effects Minimize negative effects

Significant concerns Privacy Security Ergonomics Environment


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Privacy Laws often do not keep up with technology Ethics

Standards of moral conduct Computer ethics

Guidelines for morally acceptable computer use

• Property

• Access

• Privacy

• Accuracy


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Large Databases Information on citizens and consumers

compiled daily Banks, utilities, grocery stores Hospitals, doctor’s offices Government

Social Security Number Used for ID number on forms

Information resellers Contact data is valuable


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Information Without Consent

Information collected and used without the person’s knowledge Shopping habits, video rentals Medical records Banking transactions

Federal government Know Your Customer Total Information Awareness project


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Inaccurate Information Inaccurate data can be circulated

Data propagation can spread mistakes to

other databases

Laws can help

Correct credit data

Freedom of Information Act


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Private Networks

Employers legally monitor email

Snoopware used in 75% of

businesses

Online services right to censor content


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Internet and Web

Concerns about email privacy on Web

Illusion of anonymity

Browser records pages visited

Cookies monitor

Times and pages visited

Other private information


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Cookies Programs that monitor Web activity Traditional cookies

Monitor activity at one site Dormant other times

Ad network cookies Spyware programs that record all Internet

activity Web bugs

Cookie-cutter programs


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Privacy Laws

Mostly cover government usage, but not private organizations

Some current laws Fair Credit Reporting Act (1970) Freedom of Information Act (1970) Right to Financial Privacy Act (1974) Computer Abuse Amendments Act (1994) No Electronic Theft (NET) Act (1997)


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Code of Fair Information Practice Response to information privacy concerns Not law, but adopted by many information

collecting businesses• No secret

databases• Right of individual

access• Right of consent

• Right to correct

• Assurance of

reliability and proper

use


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Security

Threats to computer systems include

Viruses

Electronic break-ins

Natural and other hazards

Terrorist activity


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Computer Criminals

Employees

Outside users

“Hackers” and “crackers”

Organized crime

Terrorists


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Computer Crime

Damage to computers, programs or files Viruses and worms Denial of Service attack

Theft Hardware, data, computer time Software piracy

Manipulation


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Other Hazards Other hazards to computer systems besides

criminal misuse Natural hazards

Earthquake, fire, floods, hurricanes Civil strife

War, riots Technological failures

Voltage surge, brownouts Human error

Data-entry, programming errors


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Security Measures Protecting information, hardware, software Principle methods

Encrypting messages Pretty Good Privacy

Restricting access Passwords, firewalls

Anticipating disasters Disaster recovery plan

Backing up data In case other measures fail


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Security for Microcomputers Individuals should also implement security Some basic procedures

Avoid extreme conditionsClean and protect equipment

Avoid virusesVirus protection software

Guard computerCable locks, marking equipment

Guard programs and dataStore media securely


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Ergonomics Study of human factors

related to things people use

Fitting the job to the worker

Improve productivity Health issues

Physical health Mental health


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Physical Health

Sitting in awkward position for long periods

Eyestrain and headache

Back and neck pain

Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome


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Ideal Microcomputer Work Environment


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Mental Health Technology can be counterproductive

NoiseVoice input/outputPrintersCooling fans, equipment vibration

Excessive monitoringTime of customer service callsNumber of keystrokesLess is more


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Ergonomic Design

Devices made with less features Simpler to use, setup Fewer buttons and lights Plug and Play

Adjustable equipment Chairs, footrests, lighting

Ergonomic devices Keyboards, mouse, glare screens


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The Environment Greatest user of electricity in workplace

Energy Star program with Green PC

System Unit

Display

Manufacturing


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A Look to the Future Presence Technology

Currently used with Instant Messaging software

May spread to other devicesTelevisionAutomobilePDAs, cell phones

Potential loss of privacy Abused by advertisers Abused by government


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Computing ESSENTIALS CHAPTER 1 1010 Privacy and Security computing ESSENTIALS.

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