Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Editionjianhua... · Enterprise Systems • Globalization o...
Transcript of Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Editionjianhua... · Enterprise Systems • Globalization o...
Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
Chapter 14: Enterprise Computing
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Enterprise Computing
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Objectives • Contrast enterprise and personal
computing. • Define the term business process and
briefly describe the flow of business processes within an organization.
• Differentiate between centralized and distributed technology management.
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Objectives • Name the tools that are commonly used in
enterprise computing. • Describe the various enterprise storage
systems. • Explain electronic data interchange and the
features that make it popular.
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Objectives • Discuss how enterprises use
teleconferencing. • Describe telecommuting and workgroup
computing.
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Enterprise Computing • Personal computing
• Individual’s control and use of computers or handheld devices
• Enterprise • Business or organization
• Enterprise computing • Information technology on a large scale,
encompassing all aspects of technology and information resources
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Business Processes and Activities
• Business process o Uses information systems o Has identifiable output o Begins with customer’s need and ends with needs
fulfilled o Provides links for information flow o At each link, value is added in the form of:
• Work performed • Useful information generated
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Business Processes and Activities
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Business Processes and Activities
• Information systems o Support or streamline business activities o Gives competitive advantage
• Superior position over the competition • Example: Billing process reduces use of paper
o Support internal or external business processes • Internal: accounting, finance, and human resources • External: customers, suppliers, and business
partners
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Business Processes and Activities
• BPR (Business process reengineering) o Use of information technology to make major
organizational changes and cost saving • Core of BPR:
o Processes and people o Key to changing how people work—leads to improved
employee morale, customer service, and reduced costs o Designers focus on business processes
• Can lead to complete redesign of process from ground up
o Attempts to improve efficiency by restructuring how, where, and when activities are performed
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Business Processes and Activities
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Business Processes and Activities
• BPM (Business process management) • Improves existing processes and optimizes assets through
managing the entire life cycle o Uses cross-functional approach and IT o Examines communications within a process and among
various systems o Often applied to discrete parts of an organization rather
than the whole o Encourages employees to suggest and implement changes o Critical factor of success is continuous improvement of
processes and communication.
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Business Processes and Activities
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Enterprise Systems • Enterprise systems
• Integrate organization’s information and applications • Provide common secure enterprise data center
o Used to store enterprise data • Personnel can share data and enterprise software
designed to solve enterprise-level problems.
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Enterprise Systems • Globalization
o Conducting international business
o Increased by e-business • Use of Internet for business
activities o Goods and services are identical
in all locations o Internationalization or
Glocalization • Combination of globalization
and localization • Adapting of a menu, slogan,
or logo to match local taste or trends
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Enterprise Systems • Enterprise systems
o Provide tools to find innovative ways to: • Increase accurate and on-time shipments • Minimize costs • Increase customer satisfaction • Maintain profitability
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Enterprise Systems • Enterprise systems (con’t.)
o Are information systems and consist of: • Data • Hardware • Software • People • Procedures
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Enterprise Systems • Enterprise systems (con’t.)
o Additional components may include: • Network servers • Database management systems • Desktop computers • Notebooks • Handheld devices
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Enterprise Systems • Centralized versus
distributed structures o Enterprise networking—
technology infrastructure • Managed using one of
two structures: o Centralized o Distributed
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Enterprise Systems • Centralized structure
o Standard technology solutions used by all o IT department responsible for technology management
• Distributed structure o Technology tools are customized o Individuals manage technology
• Structure depends on: o Cost o Applications used o Security o Objectives
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Enterprise Systems • Applying technology
o Application is an ongoing process o Keeping current
• Implementing improved technology and updated programs may cause lower user comfort level
o Upgrading • Impact on users • Hardware upgrades required • Cost
o Maintenance o Scalability
• Ability of hardware or software to continue functioning as demands and use increase
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Enterprise Systems • Applying technology (con’t.)
o Interoperability • Ability to connect and exchange data with another
computer o Adding workstations and applications
• SPOF (Single point of failure) o System component that causes entire system to malfunction
when it fails o Adding a network
• Zero configuration o Create networks on the fly
o Disaster recovery • Disaster recovery plan • BCP (Business continuity plan)
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Enterprise Systems • Disaster recovery
o Essentials • Copy of backup in different physical location • To recover, data must be in a protected location • Recovery process must be completed in time specified • Constant and ongoing evaluation is required
o Additional steps • Test backup system regularly • Update backup software when needed • Protect servers from damage • Check for security breaches • Distribute plan to essential personnel
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Enterprise Systems • Disaster recovery (con’t.)
o Backup centers • Hot site • Cold site
o Can be outsourced
• Insert Figure 14.9
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
• ERP (Enterprise resource planning) o Software to manage enterprise tasks
• Provides an individual software module for each task • Integrates modules into one computer system • Modules are linked
o Can integrate financial, human resources, customer, and order information; speed up manufacturing processes; reduce inventory
o Some projects fail because of employee resistance to change o Implementation is expensive and takes time o Vendors include: SAP, Oracle, and Sage
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
• CRM (Customer relationship management)
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o Follows interactions between an enterprise and customers
o Assists in efforts to hold onto customers
o Software can be used to match company resources with customer wants and needs
o Vendors include FrontRange Solutions, Oracle, SAP, and Salesforce.com
Tools for Enterprise Computing
• SFA (Sales force automation) o Software that automates sales processes
• Processes and tracks orders • Manages customers and other contacts • Monitors and controlling inventory • Analyzes sales forecasts
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
• XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) o Used to publish and share enterprise financial
information • Examples: net revenue, annual and quarterly
reports, and SEC filings o Works regardless of the computer platform
• SaaS (Software as a Service) o Web-based software o Used by enterprises that outsource a portion of their IT
tasks o Can use application service provider (ASP) to host
software
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Tools for Enterprise Computing
• OSS (Operational support systems) o Software suite to assist the network operations of an
enterprise • Create network inventory • Provide network discovery and reconciliation • Tracking network assets and maintenance
• EAI (Enterprise application integration) o Highly complex tool that integrates two or more
enterprise systems o Provides integration by combining processes, hardware,
software, and standards
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Enterprise Storage Systems
• RAID (Redundant array of independent disks) o Multiple hard drives hold same
data o Goal to improve storage speed
and protect against data loss o Service interruption is
prevented if any one drive fails • Fault tolerant
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Enterprise Storage Systems
• Jukeboxes and Libraries o Jukebox—enterprise
storage units that use DVD and CD discs
o Library—enterprise storage units that use Blu-ray optical media
• Newest media • Eco-friendly
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Enterprise Storage Systems
• SAN (Storage area network) o Available on LAN or WAN o High-capacity network of storage devices o Keeps enterprise services available for processing
• NAS (Network-attached storage) o Provides data and file sharing o Access provided via a network
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Enterprise-wide technologies o Can be used to gain a competitive advantage
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o Grid computing o Cloud computing o Blade servers o Thin clients o Web portals o Electronic data
interchange
o Virtual private networks o Intranets and extranets o Computer-based and
Web-based training o Teleconferencing o Telecommuting o Workgroup computing
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Grid computing o Uses many
computers to solve a problem
o Usually scientific or technical problems
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Cloud computing o Subscription service that provides scalable resources and
IT services over the Internet o Multi-tenancy—application is installed only once in the
cloud but can be shared and customized o Security aspects should be verified before using
• Blade servers o Energy efficient, low-cost modular computers
• Thin client o Software program or computer that relies on other
computers to do most of the work
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Web portals o Web sites that supply numerous online
services o Examples: AOL, Yahoo!, MSN, and Google o Business portals offer centralized
knowledge and content management
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• EDI (Electronic data interchange) o Popular method for sharing information and doing
business over networks, including the Internet o Set of standards that dictate how data and documents
are transferred between enterprises o Can make businesses more efficient
• Business-to-business e-commerce • VAN (Value-added network)
o Public data communication network that an enterprise uses for EDI or other services
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• VPNs (Virtual private networks) o Connect distributed LANs over the Internet o Ensure security through the use of encryption and
supplemental security features.
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• VPNs (con’t.)
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Intranet o Internal enterprise network o Accessed only by employees or authorized individuals o Employee manuals and telephone directories can be moved to
an intranet, creating enormous savings for the enterprise
• Extranet o Network that enables outside users to access an intranet
through the Internet o Data transfer is encrypted
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• CBT (Computer-based training) o Convenient, affordable, learning method o Useful when multimedia, animation, and
programmed learning are used
• WBT (Web-based training) o Similar to CBT o Training provided over the Internet or intranet
• Includes instant messaging, discussion forums, chat tools, Web broadcasts with streaming audio or video, and videoconferencing
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Teleconferencing o Enables business to be
conducted by using computer and telecommunications equipment
o Enhances enterprise communication
o Often reduces costs
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Telecommuting o Working from home via computer and
telecommunications equipment o Numbers are increasing o Benefits—productivity gains, lower employee
turnover, and reduced costs for office space • Disadvantage—lack of direct supervision of
employee
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Enterprise-Wide Technologies
• Workgroup computing o Used to communicate and collaborate o Uses specific computer hardware, software, and network
equipment o Groupware (teamware) is software that supports
workgroup information requirements. • Applications include:
o E-mail o Videoconferencing tools o Group-scheduling systems o Customizable electronic forms o Real-time shared applications o Shared information databases
o Facilitates workflow automation Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 47
Enterprise-Wide Technologies
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Summary • Enterprise computing is the use of
technology, information systems, and computers within an organization. Personal computing is the use of these technologies by individuals.
• A business process begins with a customer’s need and ends with the fulfillment of that need.
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Summary • The IT department manages in a
centralized technology structure; individuals manage in a distributed structure.
• Frequently used enterprise computing tools include enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, and sales force automation. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 50
Summary • Other frequently used enterprise
computing tools are Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), Software as a Service (SaaS), Operational Support Systems (OSS), and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).
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Summary • Types of enterprise storage systems
include RAID (redundant array of independent disks), CD/DVD jukeboxes, Blu-ray optical libraries, storage area networks (SANs), and network-attached storage (NAS).
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Summary • Enterprise-wide technologies that provide
a competitive edge include grid computing, cloud computing, blade servers, thin clients, Web portals, EDI, intranets, extranets, VPNs, computer- and Web-based training, teleconferencing, telecommuting, and workgroup computing.
• Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a set of standards that assists companies in exchanging information and conducting business over the Internet and other networks.
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Summary • Teleconferencing enables workers in
different locations to communicate and conduct business using computers and telecommunications equipment.
• Telecommuting is an arrangement in which employees work from home but are linked to the office.
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Summary • Workgroup computing allows group
members to work together on a task using specific technology and tools that enable them to connect, communicate, and collaborate.
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