1 Digital Technology and Computer Fundamentals Chapter 1 Data Representation and Numbering Systems.
Computer Systems Data Representation
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Transcript of Computer Systems Data Representation
Aims of Lesson 1
1. To go over the Computer Structure test
2. Begin Unit 3 – Peripherals
3. Discuss the functions of an interface Buffering Data Format conversion Voltage conversion
Interface
A piece of hardware that is positioned between the processor and peripheral
The interface allows the processor and peripherals to communicate and compensates for differences between the two, for example, speed
INTERFACE
Functions of the Interface
Buffering A part of the interface where data
is held temporarily while in transit between the processor and peripheral
1. Processor sends print job to printer
2. Job stored temporarily in buffer
3. Processor get on with other tasks
4. Job is printed when printer is ready
Other Interface Functions
Voltage conversion This is required if the
peripheral uses a different voltage from the standard 5V used by the processor
Analogue to Digital Conversion Used to convert
analogue signals like sound from a microphone into digital 1s and 0s
Computer Systems Question
1. What is the total addressable memory if you have a 16 bit address bus and an 32 bit data bus?
2. Give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using ASCII over Unicode
3. I have an image of Bart Simpson with a bit depth of 16 bits. How many colours can I represent per pixel
4. How many bits are used to represent true colour5. List the 3 steps in the Memory Read Operation6. Name the 3 main types of RAM that can be found
in a computer system7. Name the 3 main buses connecting the processor
to input and output
Aims of Lesson 2
Last Lesson Discuss the functions
of an interface Buffering Data Format conversion Voltage conversion
Today’s Lesson More functions of an
interface Serial to Parallel
conversion Status Signals
Spoolers
Other Interface Functions
Serial to Parallel Conversion Serial sends the bits for each character one after
the other Parallel sends each character along separate
lines sumultaneously .i.e data bus
0 1 0 1 1
SERIAL
PARALLEL
1
1
1
0
0
SERIAL to PARALLEL conversion
Status Signals
The purpose of a status signal is to determine whether or not a peripheral device is ready to communicate
Signals could include Insert paper Printer busy Toner low
More printers also show status signals on a LCD panel on the printer
Spoolers
A spooler is a program which carries out a similar function to a buffer
The spooler uses an area of the hard disk to temporarily store print jobs
The data is held on disk and transferred to the printer gradually
Adv Buffer is limited to a fixed size depending on
RAM of printer Spooler may be used in a LAN on a
dedicated printer server
Aims of Lesson 3Last Lesson Discuss the functions of an
interface Buffering Data Format conversion Voltage conversion Serial to Parallel conversion Status Signals
Spoolers
Today’s Lesson Protocols Interface standards Solid state storage
Flash cards USB flash memory
Advantages of solid state
Protocols
An agreement or standard that is set up between the processor and the peripheral
Parity is an example of a protocol used for checking errors Even = adding a bit to each byte of data to
make the number of 1s even Odd = adding a bit to each byte of data to
make the number of 1s odd
1001 0011
0001 0011
Solid State Storage
A storage device that has no moving parts and uses Flash ROM Flash cards USB Flash memory Advantages
Physically small Robust with no moving
parts Use less power Range of capacities
Aims of Lesson 4So Far!! Discuss the functions
of an interface Buffering Data Format conversion Voltage conversion Serial to Parallel conversion Status Signals
Spoolers Protocols Interface standards Solid state storage
Flash cards USB flash memory
Advantages of solid state
Today’s Lesson Current Interface Trends
Increasing Interface speeds
Wireless communication between peripherals and CPU
Development Trends in Backing Storage
Blu-ray Holographic storage Reduced Physical size Lower storage cost
Class Quiz to revise Peripherals
Current Interface Trends
Increasing speeds USB1 = 12Mbps USB2 = 480Mbps
Wireless Communication Using Bluetooth and Wifi radio waves
to connect peripherals to the CPU
Development Trends in Backing Storage Blu-ray
Used for storing high definition video
BD-ROM, BD-R and BD-RE Laser beam in the drive is
coloured blue, producing a narrower beam and is able to store more data
Holographic storage Uses laser beams to record data
through the full depth of the device rather than just the surface
Reduced Physical size Lower cost per unit of storage
Peripherals Revision Quiz
1. What is an interface?2. Give 3 functions of an interface3. What is the difference between buffering
and spooling?4. Give 1 advantage of spooling over
buffering5. What is a status signal? Give 1 example to
reinforce your answer6. Parity is an example of a protocol. What is
even parity?