Computer Hardware Basic Input and Output Devices
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Transcript of Computer Hardware Basic Input and Output Devices
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Basic Computer
Hardware
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Physical devices that make up the computerare called hardware. Computer’s hardwaredevices fall into the following categories:◦ Input and Output, Devices Expansion Cards
Storage Devices & Processing Devices
Hardware Defnition
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Input Devices
An input device is any hardware componentthat allows you to enter data andinstructions into a computer
Keyboard The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input
information.
The keys on computer keyboards are often classied as follows:
Alphanumeric keys letters and numbers Punctuation keys
comma! period! semicolon! and so on. "pecial keys function keys!control keys! arrow keys! Caps #ock key! and so on.
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Input Devices cont!d"
#ouse◦ $ost modern computers today are run
using a mouse controlled pointer
Scanner◦
A scanner converts te%t&image into adigital le! allowing the computer toread and&or display the scanned ob'ect.
$ouc% Screen◦ (t’s a touch sensitive display device.
"ome models of desktop computersand notebook computers! includingnetbooks and Tablet PCs! and manymobile devices have touch "creen
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Input Devices cont!d"
Touchpad◦ (t’s a small! )at! rectangular pointing
device that is sensitive to pressure andmotion. "ome touchpads have one ormore buttons around the edge of the
pad that work like mouse buttons.
Trackball◦ A trackball is a stationary pointing
device with a ball on its top or side. Tomove the pointer using a trackball! yourotate the ball with your thumb! ngers!
or the palm of your hand. *or users whohave limited desk space.
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Input Devices cont!d"
Optica C%aracter 'ecognition usuallyabbreviated to OC'! is the electronic conversionof scanned or photographed images oftypewritten or printed te%t into computerreadable te%t. (t is widely used as a form of dataentry from some sort of original paper datasource! such as passports! documents! businesscard! or any number of printed records
Optica #ar( 'ecognition reads handdrawn
marks such as circles or rectangles. ,sed in paperbased (-#T"&T-*# e%ams.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics
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Input Devices cont!d"
)ar Code 'eader is an optical reader that uses laser beamsto read a bar code! or identication code. /hen you goshopping
#agnetic Stripe Card 'eader reads te%t printed withmagneti0ed ink. 1ou can see it under the checks given by your
bank.
*uto+ated $eer #ac%ine is a selfservice bankingmachine that connects to a host computer through a network.
A )io+etric device translates a personal characteristic intodigital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the
computer to identify an individual. A ngerprint readercaptures curves and indentations of a ngerprint. A facerecognition system captures a live face image
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Output Devices
utput devices are hardware componentsthat convey information to one or morepeople
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Output Devices cont!d"
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Expansion Cards
Sound Card◦ A sound card is an e%pansion card or integrated
circuit that provides a computer with the ability toproduce sound like music and voice that can beheard by the user.
-ideo Card◦ 5ideo cards plug into the motherboard and are used
to display video.
◦ 56A$ is video memory that enhances the
refreshment rate of the image.
◦ 5ideo cards have chipsets that can increase thespeed of video display.
.etwor( Inter/ace Card◦ Allow computers to connect together to
communicate with each other. 7etwork cards have
connections for cable! thin wire or wireless networks.
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Secondary Storage
◦ "torage: A location where informationcan be held permanently ortemporarily for later use.
◦ The harddrive is a mechanical storagedevice typically located internally.
◦ Characteristics
*ast recording and recovery of data
#arge storage capacity
$agnetic
"peed is measured in 6.P.$.’s26evolutions per minute3
Data Storage Devices0Secondary Storage
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Data Storage Devices0Secondary Storage
◦ CD1'O# co+pact dis( readony +e+ory"
Compact disks or C8s can storelarge amounts of information. nedisk will store 9; $b or about gigabytes. 858 recorders allow youto store large les! such as movies!on a single disk. 858?6/ 2T-3
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Data Storage Devices0Secondary Storage
2oppy dis(ette is magnetic
storage device for small
amounts of data 2@.>>$3.• A 3S) 4as% drive! sometimes
called a thumb drive! is a )ashmemory storage device thatplugs into a ," port on acomputer or mobile device
• An ExpressCard module is a
removable device mobile devicethat ts in an -%pressCard slot
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Data Storage Devices0 Pri+aryStorage
Pri+ary Storage
◦ '*# 2rando+ access+e+ory3 stores data that isprocessing. This type of memoryis erased when the computer isturned oB.
◦ 'O# 2read ony +e+ory3contains special instructions forthe computer to operate.
◦
Cac%e +e+ory increases thespeed of the processor byrecording and anticipatinginstructions.
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Data Storage Devices0 Pri+aryStorage
◦ Computer memory is binary 2; or @3 2on or oB3.
◦ The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
◦ A byte is composed of = bits 2binary digits3.
◦
Typical units of measurement: @ 2kilobyte3 D @;;; bytes @ $ 2megabyte3 D@;;; kilobytes or @ million
bytes @ E 2gigabyte3 D@;;; megabytes or @ billion
bytes @ Tb2Terabyte3D @;;; gigabytes or @ trillon
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Processing 3nit cont!d"◦
CP, 2Central Processing ,nit3 also called the$icroprocessor or FThe rainG of the Computer.
◦ Processor speed: The speed at which amicroprocessor e%ecutes instructions. This isusually measured in megahert0 2$H03&Eigahert02EH03.
◦ Currently the processors 2iI!i! and i
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Processing 3nit cont!d"
◦ Computer chips contain millions oftransistors. They are small pieces of
semiconducting material 2silicon3.
◦ An integrated circuit is embedded in
the silicon. Computers are made ofmany chips on a circuit board.
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Ports and Perip%eras
Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheraldevice such as a disk drive! mouse! printer! modem! monitor! camera!*#A"H drive or keyboard.
Examples:
"erial
Parallel
hotwire
,"
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Ports and Perip%erascont!d"Peripherals are devices
that plug into acomputer and are nothoused internally.
Examples:Printers
"canners
Cameras
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Co+parison )etween SecondaryStorage
$ype o/Secondary
Storage
Capacity $rans/erSpeed
Portabe Categories
Hard 8isk8rive
5ery High2@;; E3
5ery *ast 7o
C82Compact8isk3
High 29;$3
*ast 1es C86$C86/
85828igital5ersatile
8isk3
5ery High2> E3
*ast 1es 858 ? 6/
*loppy 8isk #ow 2@.>>$3
"low 1es
," *lash 5ery High *ast 1es