Computer Fundamentals - MUEEN AL-RUBAYE · Computer Fundamentals Southern Technical University...
Transcript of Computer Fundamentals - MUEEN AL-RUBAYE · Computer Fundamentals Southern Technical University...
MUEEN M. AL-RUBAYE www.mueen-it.weebly.com [email protected]
Computer
Fundamentals
Southern Technical University
Basra Engineering Technical College
Thermal Mechanical Techniques Department
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-
Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
1
Computer
A computer is an electronic device which accepts and processes data by following a set of
instruction (program) to give a result (information).
Functionalities of a computer
Types of Computers
1- Mini and Mainframe Computers
Very powerful, used by large organizations such a banks to control
The entire business operation. They are very expensive!
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-
Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
2
3- Workstation
It is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop
publishing, software development, and other types of applications that require a
moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics
capabilities.
2- Personal Computers
Cheap and easy to use. Often used as stand-alone computers or in a network. May be
connected to large mainframe computers within big companies.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-
Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
3
Computer Components
Hardware
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the
monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), etc. all of which
are physical objects that can be touched
Computer
Hardware Software
Input devices
Output devices
CPU
Memory etc. Application
Software
System
Software
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
4
1- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A CPU is brain of a computer. They are consists of millions transistors. They are small
pieces of semi – conducting material (silicon) .CPU that gets data from memory and
performs mathematical or logical operations to process the data.
2- Memory Unit:
An area within a computer system that holds data waiting to be processed.
a. RAM (Random Access Memory) this memory stores data that want to process. This
type of memory is delete the information when the computer is tuned off.
b. ROM (Read Only Memory) this memory it have special instructions for the
computer to operate.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
5
3- Data Storage Devices
The area within a computer system where data can be left on a longer term basis while it is
not needed for processing. Hard Drive (HD): A hard disk is main part of a storage unit,
often called a "Hard Disk Drive HDD" that record and store large amounts of data.
Various types of storage media and their capacities.
STORAGE MEDIUM CAPABILITIES STORAGE CAPACITY
Hard Drive Read and write External: Up to 2 TB (Terabyte).
Internal: Up to 500 GB (Giga byte).
-CD
-CD-RW
-Read-only.
- Read and write. 700 MB (Megabyte)
- DVD
- DVD+RW
-Read-only.
- Read and write.
- 4.7 GB (for single-sided, single-
layered DVDs).
- 9.4 GB (for single-sided, double-
layered DVDs).
Flash Memory Cards Read and write 16 MB to 8 GB
Flash Drive Read and write Up to 6 GB
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
6
Comparision between main memory (RAM) and hard desik (HD)
RAM Hard Disk
memory storage
Smaller amount (typically 500 MB – 6 GB) Much large amount(typically 80GB – 1000 GB)
Temporary storage of files and programs Permantent storage of files and programs
Consist of chips(microprocessors) Consist of hard disk (platters)
4- Input Devices
The devices that allow data and instructions to enter a computer (such as a keyboard,
mouse, scanner, Microphone voice as input, Light Pen, touch screen , web cam.)
5- Output Devices
The devices that allow information to be represented (that is, given out) to the user, such as
Monitor printer, speakers, plotter etc.)
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
7
Software
Is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer, its hardware,
or perform tasks. Without software, most computers would be useless. Software is divided
into two main parts:
1- Operation System Software
The operation system software is a special type of program that loads automatically when
you start your computer.it is the underlying principle behind the working of the computer.
For examples are: windows 7, windows XP and windows XP professional etc.
2- Application Program Software
An application software is the type of program that use after the operating system has been
loaded. Enable you to perform common tasks such as typing, designing etc. Example
include: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and databases program… etc.
What is windows operating system?
Windows is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft each version of windows
it’s have graphical user interface, with a desktop that allow users to view files and folders
in window.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
8
How the window operating system works?
When you press on the electric switch the computer will download the operating system
from the hard disk. Up to the windows desk top show.
What is the window?
Whenever you open a program, file, or folder, it appears on your screen in a box or frame
called a window (that's where the Windows operating system gets its name). Because
windows are everywhere in Windows, it's important to understand how to move them,
change their size, or just make them go away
Window Elements
1. Menu bar
2. Title bar
3. Minimize button.
4. Maximize button (restore).
5. Close button.
6. Scroll bar
7. Border
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
9
- Menu bar. Contains items that you can click to make choices in a program.
-Title bar. Displays the name of the document and program (or the folder name if you're
working in a folder).
- Minimize, Maximize, and Close buttons. These buttons hide the window, enlarge it to
fill the whole screen, and close it, respectively (more details on these shortly).
- Scroll bar. Let’s you scroll the contents of the window to see information that is currently
out of view
- Borders and corners. You can drag these with your mouse pointer to change the size of
the window.
Moving a window To move a window, point to its title bar with the mouse pointer. Then drag the window
to the location that you want. (Dragging means pointing to an item, holding down the mouse
button, moving the item with the pointer, and then releasing the mouse button.)
Changing the size of a window
-To make a window fill the entire screen, click its Maximize button or double-click
the window's title bar.
-To return a maximized window to its former size, click its Restore button (this appear
in place of the Maximize button). Or, double-click the window's title bar.
- To resize a window (make it smaller or bigger), point to any of the window's borders or
corners. When the mouse pointer changes to a two headed arrow (see picture below), drag
the border or corner to shrink or enlarge the window.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
10
Note: A window that is maximized cannot be resized. You must restore it to its previous
size first.
Hiding a Window
•Hiding a window is called minimizing it. If you want to get a window out of the way
temporarily without closing it, minimize it.
• To minimize a window, click its Minimize button . The window disappears from the
desktop and is visible only as a button on the taskbar, the long horizontal bar at the bottom
of your screen.
• To make a minimized window appear again on the desktop, click its taskbar button. The
window appears exactly as it did before you minimized it.
Closing a Window
• Closing a window removes it from the desktop and taskbar. If you're done with a program
or document and don't need to return to it right away, close it.
• To close a window, click its Close button
• If you close a document without saving any changes you made, a message appears that
gives you the option to save your changes.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
11
Switching between windows
If you open more than one program or document, your desktop can quickly become cluttered
with windows. Keeping track of which windows you have open isn’t always easy, because
some windows might partially or completely cover others.
a) Using the taskbar.
The taskbar provides a way to organize all of your windows. Each window has a
corresponding button on the taskbar. To switch to another window, just click its taskbar
button.
b) Using Alt +Tab
You can switch to the previous window by pressing Alt+Tab, or cycle through all open
windows and the desktop by holding down Alt and repeatedly pressing Tab. Release Alt to
show the selected window.
c) Using key + Tap
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
12
Dialog boxes
A dialog box is a special type of window that asks you a question, allows you to select
options to perform a task, or provides you with information. You'll often see dialog boxes
when a program or Windows needs a response from you before it can continue.
Working with Windows Desktop
Graphical User Interface - Each type of file is represented by a picture and description,
and each command is represented by a button. Programs are arranged on a series of menus
to make them easy to locate.
Desktop
The most basic element of the Windows user interface is a background screen called the
desktop. All programs are opened over this background screen.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
13
Taskbar
A bar located at the bottom of the screen first introduced with all the versions of Windows
that followed. The taskbar allows you to locate and launch programs through the Start
button or view any program that is currently open. It also allows them to check the date and
time.
Rearrange icons on the taskbar
You can rearrange and organize program icons on the taskbar, including pinned programs
and running programs by drag and drop it.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
14
Start button:
The Start button is located at the bottom of the screen on the left-hand side of the taskbar
and gives you access to most things available on your computer. When you click on the
START button, you will see a menu. Clicking on this item will run the application.
-In the left column of the Start menu you can find:
Display a list of programs that you commonly access on the
computer.
This gets you going quickly if you need one of these application.
If you use Microsoft word consistently, it will show on this list.
-In the right column of the Start menu you can find:
- My Documents – the default folder for user files.
- My Recent Documents – the list of recently used files.
- My Pictures – the default folder for user pictures.
- My Computer – browses the computer for folders and files.
- Printers and Faxes – enables viewing of installed printers and faxes.
- Control Panel – this panel provides all options for managing the computer (display,
sound, add or remove program etc.)
- Help and Support
- Search – searches the computer for a file or folder.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
15
- Run – runs applications by entering the name of the application.
- Log off – logs off the user, but does not shut down the computer.
- Turn Off Computer – options: shut down or restart the computer.
Icons:
A small pictures that represent applications, program, folders, files or other things on the
desktop.
Opening an icon:
double-left click on the icon with the left mouse button, or
right click on the icon and choose from shown list the command (open)
select the icon and press Enter
Working with icons
Selecting icons: position the mouse pointer (cursor, arrow) over the desired icon, press
and release the left mouse button; the icon will become colored meaning that it is
selected.
Moving icons (the drag-and-drop method):
1. Press and hold down the left mouse button on the desired icon
2. Drag the icon to the desired position
3. Release the left mouse button
Personalization of Desk Top
Two ways to get into computer personalization options:
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
16
A. Right click the mouse in a blank space on your desktop and click Personalize.
B. Through Control Panel
1. Click start button
2. Click control panel
3. Make sure view by category is selected at the top
4. Click Appearance and Personalization
5. Click Personalization
The desktop background include built in categories or you may select a personal picture from
the folder on your computer.
Many people enjoy placing family photos or pet photos on the background of their desktop
likewise the screen saver, which provides privacy for your open files on the computer when
you are away from your desktop, is changed with built in screen savers. The color of the
borders of your windows is another change that you can make to your desktop. You can mix
your own colors and change the intensity of the colors as desired. Different themes are built
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
17
in, download from online theme libraries or created by you. These change the desktop
background, window color, sounds and screen saver all at one time.
Notification area
The notification area alerts you to important information about activities going on behind
the scenes in your computer.
Managing the Data and Time Display
1. Right-click on the notification area
2. Choose from shown list adjust data/time.
3. Click on change date and time setting.
4. Choose the time you want and press ok.
The Main Icons on the Desktop
1. My Computer
My Computer allows the user to explore the contents of their computer drives as well as
manage their computer files. Once My Computer is open you'll see all available drives on
your computer. The user can also access external drives examples of an external drive are a
floppy disk drive (A: Drive) and the CD Drive (D :) .My computer also lets the user access
my document and other files.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
18
How to Open My Computer Icons
In all versions of windows, pressing Window key +E opens this icon. Or after clicking
start, select my computer.
2. Recycle bin:
The Recycle Bin is a location (Folder) where deleted files are temporarily stored on
Microsoft Windows. The Recycling Bin allows users to recover files that have been deleted
in Windows
3. Network
Network in window for browsing available network connections, computer and devices.in
a home network setting, network can display the other computers, network printer and other
network resources.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
19
Icon Operations
• Arrange Icons on the Desktop
To change the arrangement of icons on the desktop do the following
1 - Right Click the desktop
2- Click Sort by
3- Select one of the 4 options to arrange icons from sub-menu .
• To Hide Icons
1- Right Click the desktop
2- Click View from shown list
3- Click (hide) desktop icon
• To show Icons
1- Right Click the desktop
2- Click View from shown list
3- Click (show) desktop icon
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
20
• Change Icon size
1- Right Click the desktop
2- Click View
3- Show the required size
• Auto Arrange Icon
1 - Right Click the desktop
2- Click View
3- Check to see if Auto Arrange has a check mark
4- If it does uncheck it
• Way of Creating Shortcut of Icons
1- Right – click anywhere on the desktop.
2- Choose new shortcut
3- Browse for the file or program you want to create the icon for
4- Click next, name your icon
5- Click finish
• Ways of deleting of icon
1. Right click on the icon that you want to delete it.
2. Select delete from shown list. Or
1. Click once on the icon to select.
2. Press the (delete key) on your keyboard.
How to rename the icon
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
21
1. Right click on the icon that you want to rename it.
2. Select rename from shown list.
3. Type the new rename
• Adding Gadgets
Gadgets such as a clock, calendar and photo slide show are added to your desktop to make
it easier for you to use. Gadgets run always on your desktop.to install a gadgets on your
desktop, right click on an empty portion of your desktop and click gadgets. Double click
or drag a gadget to place it on your desktop. To remove a gadget from desktop right click
on the gadget and click close gadget.
Change from and hide the main icons on the desktop
To change the form of the main icons on the desktop follow the steps:
1. Right click on the desktop.
2. Choose (Personalize) from shown list.
3. In the lift side of window choose the option (change desktop icons).
4. From the new window show choose the options (change icon)
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
22
5. Choose any from you like it and click ok.
To hide the main icons on the desktop follow the steps:
1. Right click on the desktop.
2. Choose (Personalize) from shown list.
3. In the lift side of window choose the option (change desktop icons).
4. Remove the (true symbol) from icon that you want to hide.
5. Click ok.
Note: if you want get back to set default of icons click on (restore default) and click ok.
Change your account picture
To change your account picture follow steps:
1. Right click on the desktop.
2. Choose (Personalize) from shown list.
3. In the lift side of window choose the option (change your account picture).
4. Choose picture from the window shown or browse for picture in your PC.
5. Click on (change picture).
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
23
Files and Folders
Files: set of digital data representing specific content (text, image, video, program) .files
are placed in folders.
Folders: it is a container for files. Every file is stored in a folder or subfolder (a folder
within a folder).you can access all your folders by clicking computer icon or click on start
menu.
Create a Folder
• Open the drive or folder where you want to create a folder.
• Right-click a blank area point to New, and then click Folder.
• With the New Folder name selected, type a new name.
• Press Enter.
Selecting the file or folder
To select a single object, click on it once.
• Multiple object
• Start on an open empty area of the windows and draw a diagonal box around your file
list or icons.
• Ctrl- A: If you wish to select all file in the current folder, hold down the CTRL key and
press the letter “A”. To de-select, just click on any white area
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
24
Change the Icon for a Folder
• Right - click the folder that you want to change, and then click properties.
• In the properties dialog box, click the customize tab.
• Under the folder icons, click change icon.
• Click an icon from default list, click ok, and then click ok again.
Rename Folder or File in Windows • Right-click the file or folder you want to rename it.
• Choose from shown list Rename command.
• Write the new name
• Press Enter
Note: You can also select the folder or file, then press F2, type a name, and then press
Enter.
Copy Folder or File in Windows • Right-click the file or folder you want to Copy it.
• Choose from shown list Rename command.
• Right –click on empty place.
• Choose from shown list Past command.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
25
Notes:
•Another way to copy and paste files or folders is to use the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+C
(Copy) and Ctrl+V (Paste).
• You can also press and hold the right-mouse button and then drag the file or folder to the
new location. When you release the mouse button, click Copy here.
Move Folder or File in Windows
• Select the file or folder you want to Move it.
• Press the right mouse button and on the quick menu choose the tool Cut (Ctrl +X)
• Position the cursor to the place you want to move the content to
• Press the right mouse button and on the quick menu choose the tool Paste
Notes: You can also press and hold the right-mouse button and then drag the file or folder
to the new location. When you release the mouse button, click Move here.
Delete Folder or file in Windows
• Right-click the file or folder you want to delete it.
• Choose from shown list Delete command.
• Choose from shown dialog box yes to complete process of delete.
Note: You can also delete a file or folder by press Delete buttons on the keyboard, or by
drag and drop it to Recycle Bin.
Delete or Restore File or Folder in Recycle Bin
When you Delete a file or any folder, it's usually moved to the Recycle Bin .you can restore
this file by this step:
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
26
1- Open recycle bin
2- Right click on the file or folder you want restore.
3- Choose from list restore command.
If you want to delete the file or folder from Recycle Bin by this step:
1-right-clicking the Recycle Bin.
2- Choose from list empty command.
3- Choose from shown dialog box yes to complete process of delete.
Note: You can permanently delete a file from your computer without sending it to the
Recycle Bin by clicking the file and then pressing Shift + Delete.
Search for a file and folder
You can use the search box on the Start menu by this step:
• Click the Start button and then type a word or part of a word in the search
box.
• Search result appear as soon as you start typing in the search box.
as you start typing in the search box. As you type, items that match your text will appear on
the Start menu. The search results are based on text in the file name, text in the file, tags,
and other file properties
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
27
What is the difference between a file and a folder?
Answer: All the data on your hard drive consists of files and folders. The basic difference
between the two is that files store data, while folders store files and other folders. The
folders, often referred to as directories, are used to organize files on your computer. The
folders themselves take up virtually no space on the hard drive. Files, on the other hand, is
a collection of data. Stored in one unit, identified by a filename. And filename period file
extension can range from a few bytes to several gigabytes. They can be documents,
programs, libraries, and other compilations of data. File name consists of two part name and
extension
Working with Control Panel You can use Control Panel to change settings for Windows. These settings control nearly
everything about how Windows looks and works, and you can use them to set up Windows.
To open Control Panel by clicking the Start button and then clicking Control
Panel.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
28
Category View
By default, the control panel is displayed in category view, which is separate into eight
categories, ranging from system and security to ease of access. To open a window with the
control panel options for any one of these categories, simply click the category’s hyperlink.
• The following table gives you a description of all the Control Panel categories, including
the various programs you can find by clicking each category’s hyperlink.
Category Name . . . To Display These Groups of Links
System and
Security
Action Center, Windows Firewall, System, Windows Update, Power Options,
Backup and
Restore, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and Administrative Tools
User Accounts User Accounts, Windows CardSpace, Credential Manager, and Mail (32-bit)
Network and
Internet
Network and Sharing Center, Home group, and Internet Options
Appearance and
Personalization
Personalization, Display, Desktop Gadgets, Taskbar and Start Menu, Ease of
Access Center,
Folder Options, and Fonts
Hardware and
Sound
Devices and Printers, AutoPlay, Sound, Power Options, Display, and Windows
Mobility
Center
Clock, Language,
and Region
Date and Time, and Region and Language
Programs Programs and Features, Default Programs, and Desktop Gadgets
Ease of Access Ease of Access Center and Speech Recognition
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
29
The Mouse Properties
Some people find the standard mouse cursor too small to see on screen and can have trouble
finding it. There are several ways to make it easier to see and use. Most of these changes are
made in the mouse properties in the Control Panel.
To change the mouse pointer by the following steps:
Open Mouse Properties by Clicking on the Start button and then Clicking Control
Panel and then click Mouse. In the Mouse Properties window that appears, click the Pointers tab and then do one of
the following:
a. To give all your pointers a new look, click the scheme drop – down list, and then click a
new mouse pointer scheme.
b. To change an individual pointer, under customize, click the pointer you want to change
in the list, click brows, click the pointer you want to use, and then click open.
c. Click ok.
To change the mouse properties by the following steps:
Open Mouse Properties by Clicking on the Start button and then Clicking Control
Panel and then click Mouse. In the Mouse Properties window that appears, click the Pointers tab and then do any of
the following
a. To swap the function of the right and left mouse buttons, under button configuration,
select the switch primary and secondary buttons check box.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
30
b. To change how quickly you must click the buttons to perform a double –click, under
double click speed, move the speed slider toward slow or fast.
c. To turn on click lock, which enables you to drag items without holding down the
mouse button, under click lock, select the turn on click lock check box.
Click ok.
Changing the Computer Name
1. Right- click on the computer icon.
2. Select properties.
3. Choose from shown window change setting.
4. Click change button under computer name tab.
5. Type in the new name for your computer under computer name filed
6. Click ok.
Run command
You can also access the run command by pressing the window logo key on the keyboard
+ R
Run command list
1. Calc : open the Calculator
Step 3 Step 4
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
31
2. Charmap: open the Character Map
3. Osk: On Screen Keyboard
Log Off or Shut Down?
Once you have closed all open applications, you can either log off your computer or shut
down. It will depend on whether someone else will be using your computer when you’ve
finished as to which action you choose.
Log Off means that you log off as a User without turning the computer off. Someone else
can then log on.
Shut Down means that you log off as a User and the computer is turned off at the same
time. If you are leaving work for the day and no-one else will be using your computer, you
will need to Shut Down your computer as this saves power.
Log Off
To log off from your computer:
1. Click on the Start Button.
2. Select Log off (click the arrow next to Shut down).
3. If you have any open programs then you will be asked to close them down or to let
Windows, Force them to shut down. You will lose any un-saved information if you do this.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
32
Shut Down
To shut down your computer:
1. Click on the Start Button
2. Select Shut down
3. You will then see the Shutdown Windows dialog box
4. If you have any open programs then you will be asked to close them down or to let
Windows, Force them to shut down. You will lose any un-saved information if you do
this.
Restarting your Computer
The Restart Command is occasionally used because:
• You do not have access to the network drives
• The Service Desk has asked you to restart your computer
Restarting your computer means that the computer logs you off the system, turns itself
off and turns itself back on again so you can re-log on.
To restart your computer:
1. Follow Steps 1 – 3 of the Shut Down Instructions
2. Select Restart from the drop down menu
3. Your computer will log you off, turn itself off and turn itself on again so you can re-log
on.
Southern Technical University Computer Application by Lecture
Basra Technical Collage First Class Farah A. Al-Salam
Thermal Mechanical Engineering Dep.
33
Shortcut Keys
Use this key To do this
Windows key or CTRL+Esc Open the Start menu.
Windows key+M Minimize all applications.
Alt+Tab Switch between applications.
ALT+SPACEBAR Opens the shortcut menu for the active
window.
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item.
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were
opened.
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active
program.
CTRL+A Select all.
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+Z Undo
ESC Cancel the current task.