"Computer, end program": Virtualization and the Cloud
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“Computer, end program”
Making virtual worlds possible
Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Professor, Information Systems DepartmentCollege of Business, San Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USAhttp://verma.sfsu.edu/ [email protected]
Unless noted otherwise
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Holodeck on StarTrek Enterprise TNG
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Holodeck
● Star Trek: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodeck
● A simulated reality, where 3D worlds could be simulated with force fields and projections.
● Load, run, freeze and store programs.
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As it was in the beginning
● Mainframe virtualization.● IBM's CP-40 research system in 1967.● Compartmentalize large processing
capabilities.● Run processes separately.● Lease “slices” to different customers.
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Too many servers?
● Data center challenges● One physical server for one application
– Web
– Storage
– Authentication
– Network
Power, Cooling, Bandwidth...
= 4
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Rise of Apache
● Apache VirtualHost.● Multiple virtual web hosts in each physical
server.● Led to the adoption of Apache in server
rooms.● Eventually led to Linux to run these websites.● Still one underlying OS.
Single point of failure?
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Hypervisor
This is not a hypervisor
...although it is a VISOR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge#VISOR
http://startrek.asatem.cz/storage/laforge_geordi01.jpg
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Hypervisor
hypervisor
operating system operating system operating system
hardware
Type 1: Bare Metal (example: kvm)
apps appsapps apps apps apps apps
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Hypervisor
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (guest) operating system operating system
operating system (host)
Type 2: Hosted (example: virtualbox)
apps apps apps apps apps appsapps
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Paravirtualization
hardware
hypervisor
operating system (modified)
operating system (host)
apps appsapps
com
mon
Example: Linux Container (LXC)
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Public and Private clouds
Public Private
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Hybrid clouds
Public Private
+
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Hypervisors galore!
Hypervisors (xen, kvm, vmware, hyper-v, virtualbox, ...)
https://www.openstack.org/software/
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Moving up to the cloud
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*aaS
● Software as a Service (SaaS)– Salesforce.com, GoogleDocs
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)– Google App Engine, Heroku, OpenShift
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)– OpenStack, Eucalyptus, CloudStack
● Metal as a Service (MaaS)– Ubuntu MaaS
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Juju + charms
Juju
charms
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Cloud computing