Computer data processing
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Transcript of Computer data processing
Contents
Data What is DataWhat is differences between data and informationWhat types of Data
Computer Data processing
What components of computer involved in data processingHow computer processing data
Data processing
What is Data processingWhat is six stages of the Data Processing CycleWhat types of Data processing
DataData is a collection of facts & figures, such as values or measurements.
The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.
Data versus Information
DataSubject Point
• A• B• F
InformationPass Subject
• Yes• Yes• No
When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information
Differences in Meaning
Data InformationA collection of facts represented of represented in the form of note, letters words
A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when, why, what, and how.
- The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance.
- This meaningful organization is information.
Numeric Data
The data which is represented in the form of numbers is known as Numeric Data.
This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.), +, /, – sign and the letters “E” or “D”.
binary number
•0, 1, 1010 …
decimal number
•1, 2, 3, 4, 5…
hexadecimal number:
•1A, E3, F4…
Character DataString Data
• Alphabetic Data : a to z
• Alphanumeric Data : a to z & decimal numbers or space
Graphic Data
• Pictures• Charts• Maps
Data processing cycle
Collection
Preparation
Input
Processing
Output
Storage Six stages of the Data Processing
Cycle
- Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful information through a process. - The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.
Input Input is the task where verified data is coded or
converted into machine readable form so that it can be processed through a computer
Coding
Verification
Storing
Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.
classifying,
Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.
classifying, sorting,
Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.
classifying, sorting, calculating,
Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.
classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing,
Processing
Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its current activity.
classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, comparing
Output Output is presented to users in various report formats
like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text
Output Output is presented to users in various report formats
like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics
Output Output is presented to users in various report formats
like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics Audio
Output Output is presented to users in various report formats
like printed report, audio, video, or on monitor. Text Graphics Audio Video
Storage
Storage is a location which data, instruction and information are held for future use.
Every computer uses storage to hold system software and application software.
A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in the computer that keeps data, instruction and information.
Manual Data Processing
The process of data entry implies many opportunities for errors, such as
Delays in data capture, A high amount of operator misprints, High labor costs from the amount of manual
labor required etc.
Electronic data processing
Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.
Computer can help: Accuracy 1 1 10
Electronic data processing
Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.
Computer can help: Accuracy Speed
Electronic data processing
Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.
Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency
Electronic data processing
Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.
Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency Storage capacity
Electronic data processing
Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data.
Computer can help: Accuracy Speed Consistency Storage capacity Automation
Computer data processing
The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are : recording verifying duplicating classifying sorting calculating summarizing and reporting merging storing retrieving feedback.
The components involved data processing Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Computer Memory (RAM and ROM) Data bus Ports Motherboard Hard disk Output Devices Input Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic Logical Unit
(ALU)•Arithmetic operations – performing calculations, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division•Comparison operations – comparing data items to determine if the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item•Logical operations – working with conditions and logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT
Control Unit (CU)
•fetching the instruction or data item from memory, •decoding the instruction into commands the computer understands•executing the commands, and, if necessary•storing, or writing the result to memory
Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be processed are stored in the primary memory
The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed below:
Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Programmable read-only memory (PROM) Cache Memory Registers
Input Devices
Keyboard: The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY
Mouse: . It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top
Scanner: Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back
Output Devices Visual Display Unit: It is also called the
monitor. Speaker: Printer: It is an important output device which
can be used to get a printed copy of the processed text or result on paper.
Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.
Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.
Input / Output operations
Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.
Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations
Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.
Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations Logic/Comparison Operations
Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed.
Input / Output operations Calculation and text manipulation Operations Logic/Comparison Operations Storage and Retrieval Operations
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
256BYTES
set enable
dataaddress
CPU
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
256BYTES
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
CPU
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
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11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
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01101000
01101001
01101010
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
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11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100001
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100001
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
address
01100001 00100001
data
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100001 00100001
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100010
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100010
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100010 00001001
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100010 00001001
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100011
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100011
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100011 01110000
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100011 01110000
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100100CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
address
01100100 00001111
data
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
address
01100100 00001111
data
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
01100100 00001111CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
controlbus
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
256BYTES
…
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
Instruction
00001001
Instruction
00001111
Instruction
Instruction
11100001
Instruction
00011000
01000111
…
controlbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
00001111
Instruction
Instruction
11100001
Instruction
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
AddressInstruction
Instruction
AddressInstruction
Address01000111
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
AddressInstruction
Instruction
AddressInstruction
AddressLetter
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
AddressInstruction
Instruction
AddressInstruction
Address01100001
…
a
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
AddressInstruction
Instruction
AddressInstruction
Address01000111
…
G
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
Instruction
NumberInstruction
AddressInstruction
Instruction
AddressInstruction
AddressLetter
…
CPU
256BYTES
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM
set enable
dataaddress
controlbus
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
256BYTES
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM
256BYTESset
enable
data
address
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enablecontrolbus
RAM256BYTESset
enable
data
address …
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM256
BYTESset
enable
data
addresscontrol
bus
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU
…
01100001
01100010
01100011
01100100
01100101
01100110
01100111
01101000
01101001
01101010
…
Motherboard
addressbus
databus
RAMsocket
set
enable
RAM256
BYTESset
enable
data
addresscontrol
bus
…
00100001
00001001
01110000
00001111
11110001
01010010
11100001
01111011
00011000
01000111
…
CPU