Computer Application Final

7/30/2019 Computer Application Final

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Computer is an essential parts now a time in our lives. But before giving

details we must know its full form i.e.

C.O.M.P.U.T.E.R.: Common Operating Machine Particularly Used for Technical &

Educational Research

MEANING:

Computer Is an electronic data processing device that automatically:

Accept and store the input data

Process that input data &

Output the processed result in the forms of reports

Characteristics of Computers

The main characteristics of computers are as follows:

Speed: The computer works very fast. It can perform millions of calculations in fractions of

second say in Nano Seconds ( 1 Nano Second = 1 Billion of a second)

Accuracy and reliability: Computer is very accurate. It never results in any kind of errors

in the calculations. Some times we get some errors, but these are because of the mistakes

performed by the users.

Versatility: Computer can do unlimited jobs depending on its hardware characteristics

and according to the instructions fed into it.

Diligence: The computer works efficiently without committing any errors to perform

complicated and repetitive task.

Logical Decisions: Computer can give logical decision in Nano Second. For example in

arithmetic calculation, railway reservation, process control, security etc.

Tireless: Since computer gets power continuously its never gets tired. The computer can

work tirelessly for hours provided continuous power is supplied.

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COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

There are three components of computer:

Input Unit

Central Processing Unit :(a) Memory (b) ALU-(Arithmetic and Logical Unit) (c) control Unit

Output Unit

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Control Unit (CU)

Interprets the instructions ina sequence and issues

commands to all elements

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Auxiliary Storage

Backing Unit

Acts as asupplement to

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

Data Signals

Control Signals

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COMPUTERS CLASSIFICATION

1) Based on Data Representation:

According to the data representation the computers can be classified as follows:

Digital Computers

Analog Computers

Hybrid Computers

Analog Computers: They were used for processing data that vary continuously. The

data is given to these computers in continuous form.

Examples: Speedometer, Wall clock, Voltmeter, Pressure Gauges

Digital Computers: They are much more accurate than analog and perform calculation

by counting.

Examples: Desk calculators, Electronic Computers

Hybrid Computers: They incorporate the best features of both analog and digital

computers.

Examples: In a hospital Intensive care Unit (I.C.U)

2) Based on Purpose:

According to the purpose the computers can be classified as follows:

Special Purpose: These are

Computers

Analog Digital Hybrid

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o Design to handle a particular task.

o The sequence of instructions permanently circuited.

o Example: Navigational computers used in Air Crafts

General Purpose: Design to handle variety of task

3) Based on Use:

According to the use the computers can be classified as follows:

Scientific :These are

o Fast internal processing speed

o

Slow input/output devices

o Suitable for mathematical applications

Business : These are

o Relatively slow in processing

o Fast input/output devices

o

Suitable for jobs involving large input/outputs and few simple calculations.

4) Based on Capacity Performance Criteria:

According to the capacity performance criteria the computers can be classified as follows:

Micro Computers or Personal Computers : These are

o Cheap and easy to use

o Having limited input output capabilities

o Having low storage capacity

o Limited range of softwares can be used

Mini Computers: These are

o Having limited range of peripherals

o Limited software are used

Mainframe Computers: These are

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o Based on the principle that computing power should be concentrated

o Many people can use same machine at same time

o Sensitive to variations in temperature humidity dust etc.

Super Computers : These are

o Based on concept of parallel processing

o Many small computer chips works simultaneously millions of arithmetic operations

per second.

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APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER

The use of computers is increasing at such a rate that there is hardly any field where computer are

not used. The following list describe some of the applications of computers:

In offices and homes for preparing documents and to perform other data processing jobs.

To maintain accounts and transfer funds in banks.

It also prepare salary slips and salary checks in offices and factories.

To store and retrieve large amount of information in offices.

To send and receive electronic mail and fax.

To search and retrieve the information from other computers.

To control and simulate defense equipments.

To create animation cartoons, movies and compose music.

To regulate traffic lights on roads.

To control machines and robots in factories.

To design automobiles, buildings and dams and to forecast weather

To reserve tickets in the transportation sector for example railway and airlines etc.

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MICROSOFT WORD

FILE MENU

Creating a Document

1. In your Microsoft Office program, click File, and then click New.

2. The window will shows as follows

Open a file

3. In your Microsoft Office program, click File, and then click Open.

4. In the Look in list, click the drive, folder, or Internet location that

contains the file you want to open.

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Save a document

There are several ways to save documents in Microsoft Word. You can

save the active document you are working on, whether it is new or

existed previously. You can save all open documents at the same time.

And you can save a copy of the active document with a different name or

in a different location.

If you have text or formatting you want to reuse in other documents you

create, you can save a document as a Word template.

If you share documents with people who use previous versions of Word,

and you want to be sure the documents look the same when they're

opened in the earlier versions, you can turn off features that are not a

part of that version.

Copy of a file

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the File name box, enter a new name for the file.

3. Click Save.

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Save a file to another format

1. On the File menu, click Save as.

2. In the File name box, enter a new name for the file.

3. Click the Save as type list, and then click the file format that you

want the file saved in.

4. Click Save.

Print a document

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You can print the active document by clicking Print on the Standard

toolbar.

The following are some additional ways to preview or print a document.

EDIT MENU

Undo mistakes

1. On the Standard toolbar, click the arrow next to Undo .

Microsoft Word displays a list of the most recent actions you can

undo.

2. Click the action you want to undo. If you don't see the action, scroll

through the list.

When you undo an action, you also undo all actions above it in the

list.

Notes

You can undo the very last action you took by just clicking Undo

on the Standard toolbar.

If you later decide you didn't want to undo an action, click Redo

on the Standard toolbar.

Move or copy text

Do one of the following:

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Cut or copy a single item

1. Select the item you want to move or copy.

2. Do one of the following:

o To move the item, click cut on the Standard toolbar.

o To copy the item, click Copy on the Standard toolbar.

3. If you want to move or copy the item to another document, switch to

the document.

4. Click where you want the item to appear.

5. Click Paste on the Standard toolbar.

Finding a Text of Phrase

You can quickly search for every occurrence of a specific word or phrase.

1. On the Edit menu, click Find.

2. In the Find what box, enter the text that you want to search for.

3. Select any other options that you want.

To select all instances of a specific word or phrase at once, select

the Highlight all items found in check box, and then select which

portion of the document you want to search in by clicking in the

Highlight all items found in list.

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4. Click Find Next or Find All.

To cancel a search in progress, press ESC.

INSERT

Inserting Page Numbers

To add page numbers in header & footer

To insert page number in document click Insert Menu & Then Click Page

Number.

Inserting Date & Time

To add Date & Time in header & footer

To Date & Time number in document click Insert Menu & Then Click Date

& Time.

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Insert a symbol

You can use the Symbol dialog box to enter symbols that are not on your

keyboard

1. Click where you want to insert the symbol.

2. On the Insert menu, click Symbol, and then click the Symbols tab.

3. In the Font box, click the font that you want.

4. Double-click the symbol that you want to insert.

Set the font

1. If your document already contains text formatted with the properties

you want to use, select that text.

2. On the Format menu, click Font.

Paragraph

Paragraph is used to change paragraph setting such as indentations,

Alignment & Line Spacing.

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1. Click On Format menu

2. Click on Paragraph Menu Item Or you can Use CTRL + D Shortcut

keys.

.

Adding Bulleted / Numbered List Formats

1. On the Format menu, click Bullets and Numbering, and then click the

tab for the type of list you want to modify.

2. Click the list format you want.

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Adding Borders

1. On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the

Page Border tab.

2. To specify an artistic border, such as trees, select an option in the

Art box.

3. Click one of the border options under Settings.

4. To specify that the border appears on a particular side of a page,

such as only at the top, click Custom under Setting. Under Preview,

click where you want the border to appear.

5. To specify a particular page or section for the border to appear in,

click the option you want under Apply to.

6. To specify the exact position of the border on the page, click

Options, and then select the options you want.

Adding themes

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A theme is a set of unified design elements and color schemes. A

theme helps you easily create professional and well-designed

documents for viewing in Microsoft Word, in e-mail, or on the

Web.

When you apply a theme to a document, Word customizes the following

elements: link bars, background colors or graphics, body and heading

styles, lists, horizontal lines, hyperlink colors, and table border colors.

Both the single-level and the multiple-level lists are also customized. To

quickly change the appearance of these elements, you can change the

theme. Unlike a template, a theme does not provide AutoText entries,

custom toolbars, macros, menu settings, or shortcut keys.

You can also select options to apply brighter colors to text and graphics,

animate certain theme graphics, or apply a background to your

document. To see the animation of theme graphics, view the Web page in

a Web browser.

Automatically format a table

You can quickly give your table a professional design by using any of the

built-in table formats.

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1. Click the table.

2. On the Table menu, click Table AutoFormat.

3. In the Table styles box, click the format you want.

4. Select the options you want.

Create a table

Microsoft Word offers a number of ways to make a table. The best way

depends on how you like to work, and on how simple or complex the table

needs to be.

1. Click where you want to create a table.

2. Click Insert Table on the Standard toolbar.

3. Drag to select the number of rows and columns you want

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MS-POWERPOINT

Introduction:

PowerPoint is a popular presentation design program that provide a

complete and easy way to create presentation to fit any need. Ms-

PowerPoint use makes it possible to create and modify visually appealing

presentation quickly & easily.

Meaning of Presentation:

Presentation is a form of communication where you get a chance to

project your thoughts & ideas to gap of people. The basic element of

Presentation is a slide which can contain text, graphic and other

information. So using this PowerPoint one can make slide , enter text ,

edit slide , animate objects and text, add videos or sound to a

presentation thus creating a successful Presentation.

Importance of PowerPoint Presentations:

A PowerPoint Presentation is a collection of slides, handouts, speaker

notes and outline. It is an ideal toll to create electronic slides. Shows that

will attract even the must uninterested crowed. It also makes the

PowerPoint Presentation simple i.e. providing the user with built in

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professional design elements called as auto layouts and presentation

templates.

STARTING POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS:

Steps to activate PowerPoint Presentation

i) Click on the start button

ii) Click programs option

iii) Click Ms-Office and then PowerPoint Presentation.

A dialog box appears. You can use this dialog box to create or open an

existing presentation.

CREATING BLANK POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

I. Method 1: To create a blank presentation click on Blank PowerPoint

Presentation option in the above dialog box. You can see many option

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chose an Auto layout. You can select any of the option given click OK.

This creates a new PowerPoint Presentation.

II Method 2: You can click on the option in the menu. Same dialog

box appears as it appeared when we activated PowerPoint Presentation.

Follow the same above steps.

OPENING AN EXISTING PRESENTATION

Steps to open an exist presentation:

i) Click the file option on the menu bar.

ii) Click the open option.

iii) Select the file you want to open and click open.

SAVING THE PRESENTATION

Steps to save a presentation:

i) Click on save as option from the file menu. Dialog box appears.

ii) Enter the file name.

iii) Click on Save Button.

If you want to save the presentation again you can just save button

toolbar or save option in file menu.

CLOSING A PRESENTATION

Click on close option from the file menu.

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If the current presentation is unsaved, power point will display a dialog

box with Yes and No option click 'Yes' to save or click 'No' if no saving is

required or click 'Cancel' if you want to return to the presentation without

saving.

EDITING A PRESENTATION

I) Adding Slides:

i) Click insert menu and click new slide.

ii) The new slide dialog box appear.

iii) Select the desired layout for the new slide.

II) Deleting Slides:

i) Select the slide you want to delete.

ii) Press delete key : If needed you can click the Undo button to

restore the slide. .

III) Cut Slides & Paste Slide:

i) Click edit, cut after selecting slide to be cut.

ii) Place cursor at new position where slide is requried

iii) Click paste in edit menu.

IV) Copy and Paste Slides:

i) Click edit, copy after selecting the slide.

ii) Place cursor at newer position.

iii) Click edits paste.

V) Move Slides:

i) Drag icon of slide to new position.

ii) When lines appear at desired position, release mouse.

PowerPoint Views:

PowerPoint presentation comes with five different views:

i) Normal View

ii) Outline View

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iii) Slide View

iv) Slide Sorter View

v) Slide Show

These views are the means to see the PowerPoint presentation in

different ways

ADDING GRAPHICS TO PRESENTATION

I) ADDING CLIP ART TO PRESENTATION

Steps for adding clip art

i) Open the slide to which you want to add the clip art image.

Slide will open in slide view.

ii) Click on the Insert Click Art Button on the drawing toolbar or

through Insert Menu.

iii) Click on the category

iv) The clip art image contained in the selected category will

appear in the dialog box.

v) Double Click on the image required it will insert to your

presentation.

II ADDING WORDART TO A PRESENTATION

WordArt allows you to enhance and manipulate text as a graphic

object.

Steps to Insert WordArt:

i) Click Insert WordArt button on drawing toolbar.

ii) Select a word art style

iii) Click OK. A dialog box appears.

iv) Type text to apply word art style.

v) Select font, size and style as desired

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Click OK.

MS-EXCEL

1.1 What is Spreadsheet or an Electronic Spreadsheet?

A spreadsheet contains grid of cells arranged in columns and rows.

Data is entered into the cells to represent information. This information is

then calculated using formulas to provide results. Hence, a spreadsheet

allows you to enter and edit numbers, perform mathematics on them and

store them in a form that can be changed as and when required.

Excel is an integrated electronic worksheet (spreadsheet) program

developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA. It includes three components

-worksheet, graph (chart) and database management. A few other

important features of Excel are:

1. Date and time related functions.

2. Manipulation of character data (string).

3. Keyboard macros to automate tasks.

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4. Drawing toolbar.

5. Each workbook can have multiple sheets.

1.2 Starting Microsoft Excel

1. Click on the Start Button.

2. Select the Option Programs.

3. Click on Microsoft Excel.

Screen will appear as :

1.3 Microsoft Excel Window

Excel provides an interface (graphical tools and controls) for working with

worksheet data. Components or elements of Excel window are:

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1. Title Bar: It displays the name of the workbook file. The XLS

extension is the default for Excel workbook files.

2. Menu Bar: It provides access to all of the Excel commands. These

commands are grouped together in menus, with the various menu

names displayed on the menu bar. To access a command, first you

open the relevant menu by, clicking it.

3. Toolbar: It contains buttons that provide fast access to the more

commonly used commands in the menus. Clicking a button has the

same effect as selecting from the menus but can be done in a single

action. The upper Toolbar is the "Standard" toolbar and is the default

mode for Excel. Directly, below it is the "Formatting" tool bar

offering access to features for formatting text and numbers.

4. Formula bar: Below the formatting toolbar is the formula bar. On

the left of the formula bar is the 'Name' box. It displays the active

cell. You can also use the name box to name cells and move directly

to specific cells. The right of the formula bar displays the contents of

the active cell. If the active cell is empty, then this box is also

empty. When you enter data into a cell, or click inside the text box

on the formula bar, a cross and a check button appears on the

formula bar. You can use these to confirm or delete the data in the

active cell. The button next to the check is the 'Function Wizard'. You

can use it to enter functions into the Worksheet.

5. Application window Control icon: Click it to access a drop-down

menu of commands that control the position and size of the

application window.

6. Close, maximize, and minimize buttons: Click buttons to close,

maximize or minimize the Excel window.

7. Status bar: Displays information about the current mode, selected

command, or option. The right side of the status bar shows the

Keyboard status. For example, NUM indicates the numeric keyboard

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is active (number lock). The middle of the status bar contains the

AutoCalcuate box, which displays the result of a selected Auto

Calculate function (such as SUM or AVERAGE) when applied to a

selected range of cells.

8. Office Assistant: Appears when you open Excel, and can answer

your question about how to perform a task.

1.4 .The Work Book Window

A workbook is a file in which you store and analyze information. The

Component of workbook window are shown in figure.

1. Workbook : A workbook is a file in Excel where the user stores his

data. A work book consists of many worksheets. By default,

workbook contains three worksheets.

2. Worksheet: A worksheet consists of grid of columns and rows. The

columns are designated alphabetically starting with A and the rows

numerically beginning with 1. Due to its size, you can only see a

portion of the total worksheet on screen at any time. Collection of

these worksheets is called workbook.

3. Scroll Bar: Only a small part of the worksheet can be displayed

inside the window. To move quickly to other cells in the worksheet,

you can use "scroll box". Vertical scroll bar move you up and down

the worksheet while Horizontal scroll bar move you left and right.

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4. Sheet Tabs: Excel allows you to have multiple worksheets stored in

a single file. In excel, a file is referred as a "workbook". The first

worksheet is designated as "Sheet 1" while the second as "Sheet. 2"

and so on. Each worksheet has a tab attached to it much like a file in

a filing cabinet. The tab for active worksheet appears white. To

display another worksheet you simply click the tab of the worksheet

you require.

5. Rows: Rows are horizontal. Row numbers identify rows. Ms-Excel

consists of 65536 rows.

6. Columns: Columns are vertical. They are named from A to Z.

Generally, spreadsheets have 256 columns.

7. Cells: A cell is a point where the row and the column intersect. For

example, cell A 1 is the intersection of Column A and Row 1. A

collection of these cells is called a worksheet. The worksheet can be

opened, saved, closed, edited and printed.

8. Active cell: When a cell is active, you can type data into it. The

active cell has a dark outline.

9. Select all buttons: Click it to select all the cells in the worksheet.

10. Tab split box: Drag to the right to display more sheet tabs or to the

left to show more of the horizontal scroll bar.

l.4.1 Data Types

Data is entered in the worksheet one cell at a time. Excel allows

three different types of cell entries namely (numbers, formulae and

labels). Data is entered in a cell by positioning the cell pointer in the cell

and typing the entry. Excel identifies the type of cell entry, you are

making from the first character that you enter. If you start with one of the

following characters.

o. 9, +, ., {, @, #, $.

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Excel will treat your entry as either a NUMBER or a FORMULA. If you begin

by entering a character, Excel will treat the entry as a LABEL.

1. Numbers

Rules for entering numbers:

(i) A number cannot begin with any character except 0 thorough 9, -, +,

., $.

(ii) You can end a number with a percent sign (%).

(iii) A number cannot have more than one decimal point.

(iv) Excel offers various numeric formats in which the values in the cells

can be displayed.

(v) You can enter a number in scientific notation.

(vi) Number always appear right justified in the cells.

2. Labels

The second type of data that can be entered in a cell is labels.

Labels are commonly used for row and column headers. They can be upto

240 characters long and can contains any string of characters and

numbers. If a label is too long for the width of a cell, it will continue across

the cells to the right for display purposes as long as there are no other

entries in the neighboring cells. In case neight bouring cells are not

empty, extra characters are not displayed in the worksheet, but in the

control panel entire cell contents are displayed.

One of the advantage of Excel is that you can left-justify, centrally align

or right-justify labels when you display them. To do this, the label should

be preceded by one of the following label-prefix characters.

The default for displaying labels is left-justification.

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1.5 Entering Data in The Worksheet

Click the cell where you want to enter data. Now, type the data and press,

ENTER or TAB.

1.6 Save Workbooks

The Save command lets you store workbook files on disk, so you can open

them in future work sessions.

Steps to Save Workbook on Disk are:

(i) Click the Save button on Standard tool bar, or, if saving and

renaming file, click File menu, then Save As. Save As dialog box

appears.

(ii) Select drive or folder in Save In box.

(iii) Type name in File name box, then click Save.

1.7 Open Workbooks

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The Open command lets you open workbook files stored on disk.

When you click the Open, button on the toolbar or select Open from the

File menu, Excel presents a dialog box containing tools for displaying,

finding, and opening workbook files. Steps to Open a Workbook Stored on

Disk are:

(i) Click the Open button on Standard tool bar.

(ii) Select drive or folder containing workbook in Look In box.

(iii) Click desired workbook, then click Open.

1.8 Get Help from Office Assistant

Steps to get help from office assistant are:

(i) Click the Office Assistant button on the Standard toolbar.

Or

Click anywhere on the~ Office Assistant.

(ii) Type your question in the text box and click Search.

(iii) Click the button next to the desired topic.

(iv) Click Close when done.

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1.9 Close Workbooks and Quit Excel

When you close a workbook, Excel continues to run. in computer memory.

When you close (quit) Excel, all workbooks are closed, and Excel is also

removed from computer memory. In either circumstance, Excel will

prompt you to save open workbooks, if you have not done so already.

Steps to Close Workbook Using Close Button are:

(i) Click close button on workbook window.

If the following dialog box appears:

(ii) Click yes to save the changes made to the file.

Or

Click No to close without saving.

Other ways to close a workbook are :

(i) Press Ctrl+W.

(ii) Double-click workbook control icon.

(iii) Click File menu, then click Close.

1.9.1 Steps to Close Excel Using Close Button are:

(i) Click close button on Excel window.(ii) If the following dialog box appears:

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Click yes to save the changes made to the file.

Or Click No to close without saving.

Other ways to close Excel are:

(i) Press Alt+F4.

(ii) Double-click Excel control icon.

(iii) Click File menu, then click Exit.

(iv) Right-click Excel button on Windows taskbar, then click Close.

BASIC FEATURES OF EXCEL

2.1 Select Cells, Columns, Rows and Range

When working with worksheets, you will need to select a cell or

range of cells to complete a variety of tasks. A range may consist of

adjacent or nonadjacent cells. You can also name and select named cell

ranges.

What is a Range?

A Range is any rectangular area in the worksheet. A range may

include just a single cell, a number of consecutive cells in a row or

column, or cells from consecutive rows and columns. A range may include

cell from multiple rows and columns, however it must form a rectangle in

order to be valid.

(a) Select a cell

You can select a cell by just clicking it with the help of mouse or

using the arrow keys on the keyboard. To select cells that are

nonadjacent, you can press Ctrl and click.

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(b) Select Entire column or Row

Click row or column heading to select.

(c) Select Adjacent cell Range

(i) Click first cell you want to select.

(ii) Drag mouse in direction of cells to include in. selection.

(d) Select Nonadjacent Cell Range

(i) Click first cell and drag in direction of cells to select.

(ii) Press and hold Ctrl while dragging through additional ranges to

include in your selection.

(e) Name a Range

(i) Select the range to name.

(ii) Click in the name box and type descriptive name.

(iii) Press Enter

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(f) Select a Named Range

Click in name box, then click name to select.

(g) You can click the select All button to quickly select the entire

worksheet.

2.2 Aligning Data in Cells

When you enter data in a worksheet, by default, Excel left aligns the

text entries and right aligns the numeric entries. To change the

alignment of data in cells, you can use the alignment button in the

formatting toolbar or the Format, cells command.

(a) Align cell Data Using Toolbar

(i) Select cell (s) to align.

(ii) Click desired alignment button on the Formatting toolbar:

(b) Menu Alignment Options

You can set alignment options fr9m a dialog box. .

(i) Select cells.

(ii) Click Format menu, then click Cells.

(iii) Click the Alignment tab.

(iv) Select desired options and click OK.

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2.4 Changing Column WidthWhile changing the column width, you have to ensure that the cell

pointer is positioned anywhere in that column.

(a) Change column Width Using the Mouse

(i) Rest pointer on right border of any selected column heading.

Pointer becomes a cross with left-and right-facing arrows.

(ii) Drag pointer left or right to decrease or increase the columnsize.

(b) Automatically Size Column to Fit Largest Entry

(i) Rest pointer on right border of column heading. Pointer

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(ii) Double-click.

(c) Adjust Columns Using the Menu

(i) Select column(s) to adjust.

(ii) Click Format menu, then point to or click Column.

(iii) Click width command.

2.5 Creating A New Worksheet

When you start Excel, it automatically creates a new worksheet. Let

us assume that you have typed you worksheet, saved and closed it. Now

you want to create another worksheet. To create a new worksheet,

perform any of the following steps.

(i) Open the file menu. Then choose the New command from the File

menu.

(ii) Press "N, the shortcut keys for the File, New command.

(iii) Click the New button on the standard toolbar. This button looks like

On using any of these steps, Excel creates a new worksheet.

2.6 Moving Data

You can move the data in one cell to other cells ina variety of ways.

1. Move Cell Contents Using Menu Commands or standard

toolbar.

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(i) Select cells to move.

(ii) Click Edit. menu, then click Cut or click on Cut button on tool

bar.

(iii) Select destination cell.

(iv) Click Edit menu, then click Paste or click on Paste button on

toolbar.

2. Move Cell Contens by Dragging Cell Border

(i) Select cell(s) containing data to move.

(ii) Point to any border of selected cell(s).

2.7 Copy Data to Another Area

You can copy the data in one cell to other cells in a variety of ways.

The method you choose often depends upon the location of the data

and the destination.

1. Copy Cell Data Using Menu Commands (or tool bar)

(i) Select cells to copy.

(ii) Click Edit menu, then click Copy or click on Copy button on

toolbar (iii) Select destination cell

(iv) Click Edit menu, then click Paste or click on Paste button

on tool bar.

(v) Repeat steps 3 and 4 to repeat paste operation.

2. Copy Cell Contents by Dragging Cell Reader

(i) Select cell(s) to copy.

(ii) Point to any border of select.

(iii) Press CtrI and drag border outline to new location.

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(iv) Release mouse button.

3. Copy a Single Cell to Several Cells by Dragging Fill Handle

(i) Select cell(s) to copy then point to fill handle. If cell contains

the number then press Ctrl key and point to fill handle. A

crosshair appears.

(ii) Drag crosshair to extend border over adjacent cells to fill.

(iii) Release mouse button. Excel copies data into all cells within

extended border.

2.8 Copy Cell Data in Special Ways

Steps are:

(i) Select cells to copy

(ii) Click Edit menu, then click Copy.

(iii) Select destination cell.

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(iv) Click Edit menu, then click Paste Special.

The Paste Special dialog box appears.

(v) Select the desired options (iv) Click OK.

2.9 Insert Cells, Columns or Rows

You can insert cells, entire columns; to accommodate the new cells.

1. Steps to Insert Cells Using Menu

(i) Select cells in location when

(ii) Click Insert menu, then close

The Insert dialog box appear.

(iii) Select direction you want (iv) Click OK.

2. Steps to Insert Columns or Rows Using Menu are:

(i) Click row or column heading to select.

(ii) Click Insert menu, then click Columns or Rows.

3. Steps to Insert Cells, Columns, or Rows Using Shortcut Menu

are:

(i) Select cells or click or drag through row or column headings.

(ii) Right-click the selection.

(iii) Click Insert on shortcut menu that appears.

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2.10 Delete Cells, Columns or Rows

You can delete cells, entire columns, or rows from a worksheet.

Existing cells adjust to take the place of the removed cells.

1. Steps to Delete Cells Using Menu are:

(i) Select cells to delete.

(ii) Click Edit menu, then click Delete.

The Delete dialog box appears.

(iii) Select direction you want existing cells to shift.

(iv) Click OK.

2. Delete Using Shortcut Menu

(i) Select cells to delete.

(ii) Right click any selected cell, then click Delete from the shortcut

menu that appears.

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3. Steps to Delete Entire Column or Row are:

(i) Click row or column heading to select.

(ii) Click Edit menu, then click Delete.

Formatting A Worksheet

You can give a professional look to your worksheet by formatting it many

ways. For instance, you can show a particular range in bold letters or in

bigger size character. The numeric data can be formatted in many ways,

such as displaying commands in the number or prefixing it with the

currency symbol.

1. Format Using Toolbar

(i) Select cell(s) to format.

(ii) Select desired options on the Formatting toolbar.

Select desired font in Font box.

Select or type desired font size in Font Size box.

Click the Bold button to apply the bold attribute.

Click the Italic button to apply the italic attribute.

Click the Underline button to apply the underline attribute.

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2. Format Font Using Menu

(i) Select cell(s) to format.


The Format Cells dialog box appears.

(iii) Select the Font tab.

(iv) Select desired options from the dialog box.

(v) Click OK.

2.12 Formatting Numbers

Excel allows you to format the numeric data entered in any cell in

many formats. For example, you can show 123456.25 entered in a

cell as 123, 456.25 or $ 123, 456.25 etc. by applying suitable

formats on the cell.

1. Format Numbers Using Toolbar

(i) Select cell(s) containing values to format.

(ii) Click desired number format button on the Formatting toolbar:

2. Format Numbers Using Menu Commands

(i) Select cell(s) containing values to format.


(iii) Click the Number tab.

(iv) Select category of number format in Category list. Excel

displays options for the selected category.

(v) Select options or the category you have selected. Excel

displays sample in Sample box.

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(vi) Click OK.

3.1 Creating Charts (Graphs)Charts convey the message clearly and quickly, they playa very

important role in the business world. Excel allows you to view graphs

on the screen as well as to print them on a printer or plotter. It

supports many types of charts, such as Line, Bar, Stacked-Bar, Pie,XV, Area 3-D etc. To create a chart, all you need to do is to select

the range that you want to include in the chart and use a wizard

called Chart Wizard.

Consider the following table:

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We want to create a chart to compare the Cost, Overheads and

Sales figures for the months of January, February & March. With Chart

Wizard, you can create a chart by following these steps:

1. Select the range that you want to plot in the chart.

(a) Move the mouse pointer on cell A4 & drag to select the range

A4:A7.

(b) Move the mouse pointer on cell C4 & drag to select the range

C4:E7.The worksheet should look like as:

2. Select the Area where you want to show the chart. However, you can

easily resize your chart later.

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5. The third Chart Wizard box has six tabs, as shown in Figure. From

the chart options dialog box, you can set options for chart titles,

axes, grid lines, Legend, data labels and data table. Select desired

chart options and click Next.

6. Another dialog box appears, as shown in fig., that ask you to specifythe place where the chart is to be placed. The chart locations give us

two options. We can either accommodate the chart in the same

sheet or we can even place chart in a separate sheet. Click As

object in option and click finish.

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7. After completing all these steps, we get the required output as

shown below:

3.1.1 Changing the Chart Type

Click on the chart type available on the chart tool bar and select the other

type of the graph.

For Example: Click the Pie Chart Type Button. The figure look like as:

Summary With Chart Wizard you can create a chart by following these

steps :

1. Select the range that you want to plot in the chart.

2. Select the area where you want to show the chart.

3. Click the chart wizard button on the Standard toolbar.

4. Chart Wizard asks a series of questions regarding the type of chart

that you want to create.

5. Select the options that you want to use with your chart.

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6. Finally, click the Finish Button.

3.2 Print Charts (Graphs)

You can prim a chart as part of a worksheet or prim it as a separate

item on a page. Steps are:

(i) Click the chart to prim in worksheet.

(ii) Click File menu, then click Page Setup.

The Page Setup dialog box appears.

(iii) Click the Chart tab.

(iv) Select a printed chart size.

(v) If you selected Custom, select the Margins tab to set margins

and centering options.

(vi) If desired, click the Header/Footer tab and select or create a

header.

(vii) Click OK.

Computer Application Final

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