Compromise and Succession

Chapter 14

The Compromise of 1850

• What incidents led to the issues that were discussed in the Compromise of 1850?

• What were the two sides of the debate in the Compromise of 1850?

• Ultimately, what did Henry Clay pass through as the solution? What did each side receive? (Fugitive Slave Act)

Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty

The Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty left the balance of slave and free states up for grabs as the new territories began to apply for statehood

California Statehood

The growth of San Francisco due to the gold rush was a big reason why California applied for statehood as a free state

Henry Clay

Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 before the Senate:

1) California is a free state

2) Gained Mexican lands are now divided into New Mexico and Arizona and popular sovereignty decides slavery issue

3) Federal government will pay off Texas debt

4) Allow slavery to continue in Washington D.C.

5) Enforce a new Fugitive Slave Law

Defiance of the Compromise

• What caused the North to ultimately defy the promises that they made in the Compromise of 1850? (Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe)

• How did the Election of 1852 suggest that the issue of slavery had replaced Manifest Destiny as the main issue?

Fugitive Slave ActThe Fugitive Slave Law created a backlash in the North

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

This book by Harriet Beecher Stowe further aroused Northern feelings for the slaves

Election of 1852

Slavery becomes the main issue as Scott (Whig) loses to Pierce (Democrat)

Pierce – Popular Sovereignty

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• What caused the massive political changes in the mid-1850s?

• What was the original intent of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and how did it get passed?

• What sectional and political outcries were caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Stephen A. Douglas proposed a new map dividing Kansas and Nebraska in order to advance their settlement, but had to appease the South by allowing both states to use popular sovereignty

Party Realignments and Divisions• After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, what new political

parties sprung up and what were their ideals? (Know-Nothings, Republicans)

• What were the causes of “Bleeding Kansas”? (Lecompton v. Topeka, John Brown and Sack of Lawrence)

• What events after Kansas showed a further national division? (Brooks-Sumner Incident)

• What was the result of the election of 1856 and what new era did it signal?

Free Soilers

The reaction of the Free-Soil Movement to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Know-Nothings (American Party)

The Know-Nothings became a legitimate anti-slavery option before their radical conspiracies eventually turned members away

The Republican PartyThe Republicans became a coalition of the Liberty, Free-Soil, and Know-Nothing anti-slavery advocates as they opposed the new Kansas-Nebraska Act

Lecompton ConstitutionThis small house held the Lecompton legislature, which passed slavery laws in Kansas

The rival Topeka legislature disputed their authority, causing a civil war in Kansas

“Bleeding Kansas”

The Sack of Lawrence and John Brown’s Massacre (shown above) opened the eyes of the nation to the civil war in Kansas and heightened the slavery issue

Brooks-Sumner Incident

When Preston Brooks (South) attacked Charles Sumner (North) with a club in the Senate, the division of North and South was clear

The Election of 1856Fremont gives the Republicans a strong showing in the North, while Buchanan narrowly wins due to “Solid South”

The “Penny Press”

• Create a 1 page newspaper story on any of the events that happened between the Compromise of 1850 and the Election of 1856. Make sure to include 2 causes of the event, 2 happenings within the event, any people that were involved, 2 “possible effects” of the event, and a visual sketch of the event.

The Union in Crisis

• What was the role of the Supreme Court regarding the slavery issue? (Dred Scott Case)

• What were the causes of the South considering the idea of succession from the union? (Harper’s Ferry, Panic of 1857)

• What impact did the Lincoln-Douglas debates have on party ideologies and future elections? (Illinois Senate Race)

Dred Scott claimed he was free after his master took him to the North, but the mostly Southern Supreme Court ruled that he, like all blacks, were not citizens of the US

Also, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not stop the expansion of slavery due to the 5th Amendment property rights

Harpers FerryJohn Brown’s raid of Harper’s Ferry was only one of the reasons why the South considered breaking from the Union

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Douglas, running for his Illinois Senate Seat, ran into the unknown challenger Abraham Lincoln, who challenged him to debates in which Lincoln held his “middle ground” stance while forcing Douglas to make his “Freeport Doctrine” speech in favor of abolishing slavery to win

Douglas’s stance split the Democratic Party between anti-slavery and pro-slavery supporters, while Lincoln became a legitimate candidate

The Union Collapses

• What were the results of the election of 1860? (Four Way Election)

• What were the final compromise attempts by the North and South, and why did they fail? (Crittenden Compromise)

• What event started the Civil War and how did each side respond to the conflict? (Fort Sumter)

Election of 1860When Lincoln and Douglas met again in the Presidential election, Lincoln supported no slavery expansion and Douglas popular sovereignty

But the damage had been done and the Southern Democratic candidate split the votes, allowing Lincoln to win

Breckenridge wanted laws protecting slavery

Bell wanted to unite the country (Constitutional Union Party)

Stages of Secession

After Lincoln’s victory, the Deep Southern states seceded from the Union and created the Confederate States of America led by Jefferson Davis

John Crittenden

Author of the Crittenden Compromise, he attempted to get the Deep South to return to the Union by offering to redraw the Missouri Compromise line and give the government less power to control slavery

Lincoln shot down the Compromise, claiming he had won fairly and promised the free-soilers he would not give in to Southern demands

Fort Sumter

The Confederate Flag flies at Ft. Sumter, Charleston after the bombardment forced the Union to abandon the fort

Lincoln called up 75,000 volunteers to put down the “rebellion”

The Upper South states instead joined the Confederacy in their bid to remain separate from the Union

Order in the Court Essay

• In pairs, in relation to the charge against your person, choose to be the defendant or prosecutor

• Create an essay with a thesis, at least two paragraphs and six specifics, and a conclusion

• As the prosecutor, come up with an essay to explain why the person is GUILTY

• As the defendant, come up with a defense essay of your actions to explain that you are NOT GUILTY