Comprehensive Land Management in Support of Territorial Planning and Development

Univ.Prof. EoE Dr.- Ing. Holger Magel

FIG Honorary President

Founding Director TUM Master Programme Land Management

Institute of Geodesy, GIS and Land Management ,TU Munich (TUM)

Member of Advisory Board for Territorial Development of Bavarian Government

Member of the Commission of Enquiry “Equivalent Living Conditions all over Bavaria” of Bavarian Parliament

Spokesman of German Alliance of Academies for Rural Areas

Keynote 2015 Land and Real Estate Summit Forum 9 -10 May 2015

Renmin University (RUC) , Beijing

www.landentwicklung-muenchen.dewww.akademie-bayern.de

„I have a dream…..“

President Xi Jinpings chinese dream on the great national renaissance : „Blue sky, green meadows and clean water for future generations“ (see his book „Ruling China“)

Xi Jinping in terms of territorial development: „As long as rural areas,especially their poor parts lag behind the rest of the country so long we can not talk about having reached a society with modest wealth“ (see his book „Ruling China“)

Univ. Prof. EoE Holger Magel 3

European and German Dreams /Goals on balanced territorial development Source:German Federal Office of Building and Regional Planning (BBR)

In Germany it`s already a Law!!!!

German Federal Spatial Planning Act

Section 1 Task and Overall Concept of Spatial Planning

(2) The overall concept of the task laid down in subsection 1 is that of a sustainable spatial development which will bring the social and economic demands made on an area in line with its ecological functions and result in a stable order which will be well-balanced on a large scale with equivalent living conditions in all regions.

Growth and Innovation Ensuring basic public services and infrastructure

Conservation of Resources, Shaping of Cultural Landscapes

Overall Concepts of spatial planning and territorial development in Germany

Source: BBR Bonn, 2005

Population dynamics in Germany 2010 -2013 1990-2010

But that is the reality: increasing gap between north and south

Future Chances of German Regions : mainly rural and former DDR regions face huge problems

Source : Prognos AG, Future Map 2013

Competitive and Sustainable Developmentthrough

Territorial Justice

Equality of opportunities and inter-generation justice

Engagement, Qualification,Participation,

Inclusive citizenship

Procedural JusticeEquality of rights,

Good Governance,Citizen as co-producer,

State as warrantor and enabler

Disparity-sensible

Distribution JusticeFairness of needs

Fairness of performance

Triangle of Territorial Justice © Prof. Magel 2015 based on J. Rawls, A. Sen, M. Schneider

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Discussion within the Commission of Enquiry „Equivalent Living Conditions all over Bavaria“ about „Territorial Justice“ as new Vision for a just society :Huge challenge also for science and research in terms of finding applicable criteria

Living in community (welfare)

Living in environment(sustainability)

Education Supplying

Employment Recreation

Housing Traffic Communication

One but not only the sole Criterion: Ubiquitious basic functions of human existence and

living conditions

Source: Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR):Spatial Development and spatial Planning in Germany.

a shared responsibility according to laws

Indispensable Precondition in Germany : functioning hierarchical Spatial and Local (Land use) Planning

System -

OECD does not mention territorial/spatial planning or rural policies. Whats about „balance rural and urban development“? (see Nr.1 Central Document)

New model of urbanisation – at cost of or benificial for rural areas?

China’s 2014 State Policy on Rural Development and the Agriculture Industry: Investment Implications 27.5. China Briefing

Univ. Prof. EoE Holger Magel 15

China decided to adopt theory of central places (Walter Christaller)

Balanced Development in China by a new Spatial Planning System ?

How does new urbanisation in China follow principles of Spatial Planning and Development and the need of strengthening rural

areas ?

Lessons learnt…

Everywhere we need powerful Territorial Planning System and Hierarchy based on Visions, overall concepts ,goals,objectives and measures to ensure balance of urban and rural development and to reach as much as possible everywhere equivalent living conditions!See for this e.g. the consecutively developped three Territorial Agendas in Europe!

It`s always about

People

Places

Politics

It`s all about Land (Management)

PENTAPHONIE( 5 tasks) of Land Management

© Magel 2010

Valuation, Planning Approval Construction and Financing

Ensure equivalent living conditions in all

regions

Surveying,Mapping Planning Networking Coordination Process controll

Readjustment Conflict Resolution Cadaster and Registry

Information, Active Consulting and Motivation

Land Management is an important partner and supporter of Territorial, Regional and Local (Land Use) Planning

and Development

Why?

Because it realizes the goals of territorial development by a broad range of (shared) responsibilities , theories, methods, instruments,

and measures like

land policy, land reform,land tenure rights (tenure security) , cadaster, registry, SDI, land administration ,urban and rural planning and development ,urban and village renewal, urban land readjustment and land consolidation , land conflict resolution , valuation , land markets, land governance , transparent process of

expropriation and fair compensation, environmental risk awareness and preparedness etc.

Source: Magel, Klaus and Espinoza 2009 based on Stig Enemark “Land in Society”- Hierarchy of Land issues 2009

The Munich Model of Land Management

Univ. Prof. EoE Holger Magel 21

The whole is more than the sum of the parts.We need to understand the land sector as a system ,but not as separated or independant components

Services toPublic, Business

& Citizens

Services toPublic, Business

& Citizens

Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements

like Spatial Planning Framework, NSDICapacity Building

Education & Research

Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements

like Spatial Planning Framework, NSDICapacity Building

Education & Research

FulfillingTerritorial Justice and SDG

Enhancing balanced development and Quality of Life in urban and rural areas

FulfillingTerritorial Justice and SDG

Enhancing balanced development and Quality of Life in urban and rural areas

Land PolicyGood Land

Governance

Land PolicyGood Land

Governance

Spatially Enabled participativeSustainable Land Management

Land Tenure, Land Administration, Land Valuation, Land Markets, Land Use, Land Development,

Land Arrangement

© Prof. Magel 2015 based on Expert Group Meeting 9 – 11 November 2005 at the University of Melbourne

Comprehensive Land Management 2015

Dyn

amic L

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anag

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ent (L

M)

Dynamic Part of Land ManagementPolicies, goals and fields of action to ensure equality in all regions through efficient advicing, planning,

networking, coordination and implementation of all measures and instruments with reference to access, mobilising (selling,buying) , use , restriction and change of tenure, allocation , distribution and development of land

for housing, ecological, economic, cultural, social and other purposes in urban and rural areasby means of e.g.

The German Comprehensive Land Management System gives answers to contributing to balanced rural and urban development

Participative

Spatial and Land Use

Planning

Landbanking

(Landpooling)

Controlling Monitoring

and Securing (incl. Risk

Management)

Planning Approval,

Construction , Financing

Urban and Rural Land Readjustment Reconciliation of individual legal rights with

objective planning goals

Application of different programmes and techniques of support (e.g. urban and rural development programmes,) LIS,GIS,surveying,mapping, land valuation, taxation, land transactions, credit system, governance etc.

Land Administration (with renewed Cadastre and Land Register); if necessary Evaluation New (rearranged) tenure, allocation, distribution, use and documentation of land and land ownership

Stat.L

M

Static part of Landmanagement: Land Administration with georeferenced Cadastre and Land RegisterExisting land tenure, distribution, use , restrictions and documentation of land and land ownership as well as

overall concept and regulations for its sustainable use in conformity with the relevant concrete plan in urban and rural areas

Static L

M

L a n d P o l i c y (LP) overall concept and basic conditions of land related action

as well as the initiation of corresponding measures by public authorities based on Art. 14 German Constitution and § 903 German Civil Code and special laws (substance and limits)

H. Magel, 2005/2015

Comprehensive Land Management in german scientific geodetic education , training and research

Strategies for urban and rural areas

and development

Planning theories

Decision making methods

Land management

CadasterRegistry Geodata

management

ConsultancyCapacity Building

ReaI Estate Economics

Land Market

Land readjustmentLand Pooling

Source: German Geodetic Commission of Bavarian Academy of Sciences Section Land- und Real Estate Management 2014

Spatial Planning