Comprehensive -- India Bangladesh Relations in 2 Pages!

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12/10/2013 Lets not miss the big picture - The Hindu

www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/lets-not-miss-the-big-picture/article5093974.ece?ref=relatedNews

Opinion Lead

Lets not miss the big picture

Kamal Davar

ndia should do all it can to resolve contentious issues with Bangladesh in order to strengthen the hands of the secular Sheikh Hasin

government

Among all our neighbours, the nation whose birth is indelibly linked to India is Bangladesh. That this nation, uniquein the Islamic world, is struggling to be a modern secular state, has always acknowledged Indias support for itsindependence from Pakistan and now looks forward to developing an all encompassing positive relationship with us inexplicably underplayed in this country.

Economic & political linkages

For long, India has looked at the West as the centre of gravity of its strategic interests, but to little avail. Our muchheralded Look East Policy, though initiated in 1993 by the late Narasimha Rao when he was Prime Minister, has on

received some impetus. Bangladesh is a natural pillar of this policy, be as it can a bridge to economic and politicallinkages with South East Asia and beyond. A friendly Bangladesh that ensures no anti-India terror or insurgent

activities can be carried out from its soil unlike in the past will substantially assist India in handling securityproblems in some of its restive north-east States. Importantly, a neutral Bangladesh also ensures containment of anassertive China in this region, including along the strategic sea-lanes of the Bay of Bengal.

Since Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League came to power five years ago, there has been tremendous goodwill forIndia in Bangladesh. In December, she faces a bitter general election in which her adversaries are the congenitallyanti-India Islamic fundamentalists. That India has a stake in the victory of secular forces in Bangladesh is a factor itcan disregard only at its peril.

It is accepted by all that Sheikh Hasina has largely delivered on Indian security concerns by cracking down onterrorism directed against India from Bangladeshi soil. Additionally, the current government is doing its utmost tokeep Islamic fundamentalism in Bangladesh, represented by the likes of Harkat-al-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI), therecently banned political outfit Jamaat-e-Islami, others like Hefajat-e-Islam, Jagrata Muslim Janata, and HUJI-B
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whose links to al Qaeda are well known, at bay at some cost to the Awami League rank and file.

It must also be noted that when Indias President Pranab Mukherjee recently visited Bangladesh, the other primeministerial aspirant in Dhaka, Begum Khaleda Zia, whose Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) is known to encouraganti-India sentiments and has traditionally colluded with fundamentalists in the past, did not bother to meet him.Electoral battle-lines between the two parties in Bangladesh are also drawn over their regional priorities.

Unfortunately, there exist many contentious issues between the two countries, primarily in the division of commonriver waters. Not surprising considering we share 54 trans-boundary rivers, big and small! In 1996, the sharing of thGanga waters was successfully agreed upon between the two nations. However, the major area of dispute has been

Indias construction and operation of the Farakka Barrage to increase water supply to the river Hooghly. Bangladeshcomplains that it does not get a fair share of the water in the dry season and some of its areas get flooded when Indiareleases excess waters during the monsoons. In addition, the sharing of the waters of the Teesta river is being

vehemently opposed by Indias West Bengal government though many Indian security and water experts in that Statempathise with Bangladeshs stand. The sluggish execution of the Tipaimukh hydroelectric project on the Barak Rivein Bangladesh is another problem area. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has, however, graciously offered areasonable partnership stake in this project to Bangladesh.

Then, there is the land corridor that India wants through Bangladesh, to connect West Bengal to the north-easternStates. Right now, the only land connection between these two parts of India is the 20 to 25 km wide Siliguri corrido(also known as Indias Chicken Neck). It appears that Bangladesh will grant this only after it gets its demand of waterequirements. Importantly, its internal political situation has to ease enough for Dhaka to make such a concession toIndia.

Indias other concern is the issue of the continuing huge influx of undocumented Bangladesh migrants through a4000 km-long porous international border, and despite a crackdown by the Sheikh Hasina government, thecontinuing presence of anti-India forces across the border. Problems like trade imbalances and tariff barriers betweethe two nations are easily surmountable and India providing some business incentives recently to Bangladesh have

been appreciated.

One other issue that could have been solved, but has been allowed to fester, is Indias inability to ratify the protocol tthe Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) of 1974 with Bangladesh. Under this, 161 adversely held small enclaves are to b

exchanged by the two countries; 7,100 acres of land will be transferred to India and nearly 17,000 acres go toBangladesh. The Union Cabinet had in February 2013 approved the draft LBA Bill for introduction in the monsoonsession of Parliament for ratification of the swap deal. However, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee andthe BJP have strongly opposed this deal much to the discomfiture of the Centre and annoyance of the Bangladesh

government.

Legitimate demand

Overall, India has to consider if West Bengal, under Ms Banerjee, is unnecessarily spoiling the relationship betweenthe two nations by putting spokes in New Delhis efforts to address Bangladeshs legitimate demands. If thiscontinues, India risks missing the larger picture. Even West Bengal economists lament that their governments failurto view the big picture and putting politics before development has prevented the State from becoming Indiasgateway to South East Asia and the Far East as a whole. That the Centre could have taken more efforts to bring the

West Bengal Chief Minister on board prior to the Prime Ministers Bangladesh visit is another story.

Addressing a dialogue organised recently by two think tanks of the two nations in New Delhi, Bangladesh HighCommissioner to India Tariq Karim succinctly pointed out that Indias growth is Bangladeshs growth becauseBangladesh can grow only when India grows. He reminded his Indian audience of President Pranab Mukherjeesobservation that the agenda for the future for both the countries has to be sub-regional.

India-Bangladesh relations have more than an academic strategic content. In the long run, Indias national interestsprimarily lie towards and beyond its eastern flanks to South East Asia and the new geographical and strategicconstruct namely Indo-Pacific Asia. India thus needs to strengthen the various regional groupings in this region likethe ASEAN and the BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation).Importantly, by pragmatically reaching out to Bangladesh now, it will be able to strengthen the secular democratic

forces in Islamic Bangladesh to our east an imperative which must always be borne in our strategic formulations,for let us never forget that towards our western flank violent Islamic fundamentalism is on an alarming ascendant.

(Lt Gen Davar was Indias first Chief of the Defence Intelligence Agency and Deputy Chief of the Integrated DefencStaff)


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Keywords: India-Bangladesh relations, Sheikh Hasina government, Look East Policy, Bangaldeshi migrants,ASEAN

Comprehensive -- India Bangladesh Relations in 2 Pages!

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