Composition of Blood - Mrs. Benzing's Classroom...
Transcript of Composition of Blood - Mrs. Benzing's Classroom...
BloodFunctions of Blood•Transports – O2, CO2, nutrients and hormones
• Regulates – pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure
• Protects – Blood clotting (stops excess loss)
White Blood Cells – phagocytosis
- antibodies
Components of Whole Blood
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
temperature ~ 38°C
8% of total body weight
◦ Avg. Male – 5-6 liters = 1.5 gal
◦ Avg. Female – 4-5 liters = 1.2 gal
Blood Composition
Plasma – 55%
A. Proteins
Albumins
54% - maintain osmotic pressure
Globulins
38% - immune response
Fibrinogen
7% - forms blood clots
B. Other solutes
Electrolytes, nutrients, gases,
enzymes, hormones, vitamins &
waste products
Blood Composition
Formed Elements
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
◦ Erythrocytes
◦ Biconcave Discs
Greater surface to volume
ratio
“Hematocrit”
Less than 45% -Anemia!
The formed elements are composed of
Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes
These are biconcave discs that carry
Oxygen to the entire body
Blood Composition11. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
◦ Less numerous than red(700:1)
◦ Nuclei
◦ Life span of a few days (some B and T cells remain for years)
A. Granular leukocytes Neutrophils – most abundant
Respond first to bacterial invasion
Radiation, chemotherapy and stress can reduce #
Eosinophils
Cytotoxic – release contents on invader
Basophils
Allergic responses – cause secretion of histamine
#’s increase during infection
Blood CompositionB. Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes
B cells – make antibodies
T cells – destroy tumor cells
Bone marrow is source of
lymphocytes but T cells
mature in Thymus gland
Monocytes – become
macrophages
III. Platelets◦ No nucleus
◦ Fragments of a Megakaryocyte
◦ Essential role in blood clotting
Hematopoiesis – process by which the
formed elements of blood develop
Red bone marrow in axial skeleton,
pectoral, pelvic girdles and proximal
epiphyses of humerus and femur.
Pluripotent stem cell – have capacity to
develop into several different types of
cells “hematopoietic stem cell.
RBC’s
• Women average 4.8 million rbc’s/mm3
• Men average 5.4 million rbc’s/mm3
• Stimulated by hormones according to need
▪ EPO – Erythropoietin (RBC’s)
▪ TPO – Thrombopoietin (platelets)
• Terminally differentiated – never divide
• Ex. Peruvians living at 18000 feet have as many as
8.3 x 106
• Live about 120 days
Production of Erythrocytes
Erythropoiesis
Production of Platelets
Genesis of Platelets
Production Of WBCs
HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS
ABO Blood Groups
First discovered by Karl
Landsteiner in 1900
ABO Blood Groups
The ABO blood groups consists of:
◦ Two antigens (A and B) on the surface of the
RBCs
◦ Two antibodies in the plasma (anti-A and anti-
B)
Agglutinogens and their corresponding
antibodies cannot be mixed without
serious hemolytic reactions
ABO Blood Groups
These antigens are:
◦ Unique to the individual
◦ Recognized as foreign if transfused into another individual
◦ Promoters of agglutination and are referred to as agglutinogens
Presence or absence of these antigens is used to classify blood groups
Agglutinogen = Antigen = name tag
Agglutinins = Antibodies
ABO Blood Groups
RBC membranes have glycoprotein antigens on their external surfaces
The Blood Typing Game
Nobel Prize.org
◦ Type into your browser “Blood typing game”
◦ Once on the website, click on the “Quick
Game” random patients tab
◦ Write down the blood type of your three
patients and what blood types you game them
for transfusion.
◦ Happy blood typing!
Now we are going to find out….what is
your blood type?