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Components & Elements

of Built Structure

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Components and elements of

building are divided in two parts

Structural Non structural

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Components and elements of building-

 Structural

These are main element of building .No one should disturb any one of

them or the structure will be

destroyed.

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•Foundation-

Foundation is the lowermost part of building . It takes up the load of entire building and

transfer it to the soil below it.

Thus it distribute the load to the large area. Avoiding settlement or failure of building. It also support building. It give stability to structure against various

forces like wind ,rain.

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 Two types of foundation-

Shallow foundation:  This foundation is done at medium level

below the ground. it is used for load bearing

structure.

  e.g. old houses in village. eep foundation:

  This type of the foundation is done at very

deep level below the ground. it is used for framed

structure.

e.g. multi storey building.

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Sloped foundation and Stepped foundation:

 

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Footings-

!t is a "ind of foundation in this sufficient area of

contact with soil is provided around each column

#when good $uality of soil is available at shallow

depth.

%rovide stability to foundation.

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Columns-It is the vertical member of the building supporting

the beams.

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Beams-

• !t is a hori&ontal member supporting theslab

•!t is flat ceiling of a storey

 Slab-

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Plinth Level-

• This is the portion provided 'ust above thefoundation

• The difference between ground level and the

first flooring of the building is called plinth level

• !t secure the building from rain water cominginside.

• The height of the plinth should be (.)m to (.*m.

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Floors-

• Floor system are the hori&ontal planes that

must support both

• live load- people# furnishing and movinge$uipments

• ead load- the weight of construction itself.

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+intels-

•   , lintel is a hori&ontal member which isplaced across an opening to support theportion of the structure above it.

• The function of lintel is 'ust the same asthat of beam or an arch They are easy inconstruction.

• The ends of lintel are built into masonry

and thus the load carried by lintels istransferred to the masonry.

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ooden lintel

Steel lintel

Stone lintelecorative lintel

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 ,rch-

• ,n arch may be define as mechanicalarrangement of wedge shaped bloc"s ofstones or bric" mutually supporting each

other supported at the end by piers orabutments li"e lintels .Function of arch isto carry the weight of the structure abovethe opening.

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Non structural elements-

• alls.• Fenestrations /oor# indows# 0entilator#

openings1

• Steps.• Stairs.• +adders.

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alls-

• alls are vertical

constructions of

a building that

enclose#

separate and

protect its interior

spaces.

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Fenestrations-

• Door

• indows

• !entilators

• openings

oor

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  oor-• oors and doorways access from the outside

into the interior of building as well as passage

between interior space.

  indows-• indows provides access for air# light from

outside into the interior of building. they provide

ventilation also.

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ventilators

• Step

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• Step-

  Step consist of one vertical part called riserand hori&ontal part called tread.

• Staircase-

!t is series of steps.!t ta"e up from one floor to another floor.

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