COMPLICATII+CZ
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Transcript of COMPLICATII+CZ
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COMPLICATIILE CIROZELOR HEPATICEProf. Dr. Mircea Diculescu
Clinica de Gastroenterologie S.U.U. Elias
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COMPLICATIIICTER (SIMPTOM ?)ASCITA ( DECOMPENSARE ? )PERITONITA BACTERIANA SPONTANASINDROM HEPATO-RENALHEMORAGIESINDROM HEPATO PULMONARINFECTIIENCEFALOPATIE HEPATICA
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ASCITA IN CIROZA HEPATICAD = TRANSUDAT IN CAV. PERITONEALA DAT DEZECHILIBRU MEC FORMARE / COMPENSARE = pHO/ pCOsmCEA MAI FRECV COMPLIC ( 50 % )CEL MAI FRECVENT DIAGNOSTIC AL CZCLASIC DECES 1 ANACTUAL SUPRAVIETUIRE LA 2 A = 50 %
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MECANISMELE DE FORMARE ALE ASCITEI IN CIROZAFACTORI PRIMORDIALIHTP --> pH2O > 22 mmHGDIUR SALURHIPOALBUM --> pCOsm < 10 mmHgALBUMFACTORI DE INTRETINEREHIPOVOLEMIE-----> > ADH -----> HipoosmALB
< DEBIT CAR--> > ALDOSPIPARACENTEZA+/-PROPR
MASURI EXCEPTIONALE
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MODIFICARI FUNCTIONALE RENALE IN ASCITAMODIFICARI RENALE INTRINSECISCAD REABS TUBULARE DE Na / SI APAMODIFICAREA EFECTULUI PROTECT AL PG (E /I)VASOCONSTRICTIE RENALA ( CORTICALA )MOD. RENALE EXTR (FACTORI VASOCONST)HIPERACTIVITATEA SIST RENINA ANGIOTENSINA ALDOSTERONHIPERACTIVITATE SIST NERVOS SIMPATICACTIVAREA HORMONILOR ANTIDIURETICI (PARADOXAL )CRESC NIVEL ENDOTELINE PROD CEL STELATE
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MECANISMELE DE COMPENSARE ALE ASCITEI IN CIROZAMECANISMUL DE SPALARE AL ALBUMINELOR = PRIN CAPILAR NU TREC ALBUMINE ==> > pCOsmVASOCONSTRICTIE SPLANCHMICA ==> < DEBIT MEZENTERIC ==> < DEBIT V PORTA
FINAL = OBSTRUCTIE LIMFATICA SP DISSE ==> LIMFA DRENEAZA LA PERIFERIA CAPSULEI GLISSON
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DIAGNOSTIC CLINICVOLUM > 1500 mlMATITATE DEPLASABILASEMNUL VALULUICOMPLICATIIPLEUREZIEEDEMECOMPRESIEHIPOALBUMINEMIEOLIGURIE
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DIAGNOSTIC PARACLINIC IPARACENTEZATRANSSUDATRIVALTA (-), D < 1016, ALB < 2,5 g/ dlGRADIENT > 1,1 (Alb Ser - Alb Asc )blocaj limfaticASPECTCLAR SEROCITRINCELULARITATEPMNn < 250 / mm3--> DIUR ?RARA ATIPII, MEZOTELII, LIMFOCITBACTERIOLOGIE - NEGATIV - TBCBIOCHIMIEIONOGR, UREE, GLIC = SER
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DIAGNOSTIC PARACLINIC IIBIOCHIMIE SERALBUMINEMIEELECTROLITIBOALA HEPATICAALTE ORGANE ( RENALE)HEMATOLOGIELeucocitoza, TombociteBIOCHIMIE URINANa 150 mlTC = NU NECESARA PT ASCITA CI PT ETIOLOGIERx CLASIC = NECONCLUDENTBIOPSIE PERITONEALALAPARASCOPIE
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DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIALETIOLOGIE80 % CIROZA ( ROM 50 % ALC / 50 % VIRALA ; FR 80 % ALC )10 % NEOPL ( CITOLOGIE , LDH, ETC )5 % TBC ( LIMFOCITE, CULTURI, BIOPSIE PERIT. )5 % ICC + ALTEALTEMETEORISMMASE ABDOMINALEOCLUZIE INTESTINALASARCINACHISTE GIGANTE, ETC
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TRATAMENTUL ASCITEI IN CIROZASCOP = DIMINUAREA ASCITEI LA NIVEL CONFORTABILMOD = CORECTAREA RETENTIEI DE Na SI H2O STIMULAREA DIUREZEICANTITATEASCITA = LIMITATAN ASCITA --> INTRAVASC = 3-500 mlDIUREZA MAX . 1500 ml SAU X 2+ DIURETIC = 1200 ==> TOTAL 1500ml< G 500g/ziASCITA + EDEME = NELIMITATANELIMITATA
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ALGORITM DE TRATAMENT I ASCITAVOLUMINOASA =CL+MODERATAparacenteza evacuatorie paracent diagnosticamax 5000 ml + alb 8g/%o50mlREPAUS + REGIMNatriur;>perfdesodat + lichide NRESPONDERI = 15 %NONRESPONDERID= X 2 / G = 0,5 g/ziHIPERALDOSTER SECALDOSTERON NSPIRONOLACTONA 100 mgFUROSEMID 40mg
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ALGORITM DE TRATAMENT IISPIRONOLACTONAFUROSEMIDTCDNU TCPANSAACIDIFALCALIN> K< K< NH3> NH3RESPONDERINONRESPONDERIRESPONDERI30 %ASOCIERERESPONDERI = 90 %NON = LIPSA DE RASP
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CAUZELE LIPSEI DE RASPUNS LA DIURETICERENALE< FILTRATPROPRANOLOL 80 mgHIPERALDOST REZSPIRONOLACT 600mgSD HEPATO-RENALPG ( MISOPROSTOL )PLASMATICEALCALOZAHCL / KCLHIPO Na DEPL NaCl DILUTIEALBUMINA, DEXTRANIHIPOALBUMINEMALBUMINACOMPLICATIIPERITONITA SPONTANAABINFECTIE SECUNDARAABMALIGNIZARE?
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ASCITA REFRACTARAD = ASCITA CE NU POATE FI MOBILIZATAREZISTENTA LA DIURETICE = NU RASP LA 400 mg SPIR + 160 mg FUROS + RESTR Na 50 mEq/zi IN 4 zileINTRATABILE CU DIURETICE = NURASPUNDE CACI APAR COMPLICATII * INTERNATIONAL ASCITES CLUB 1997PARACENTEZA MASIVAREPERFUZARE LICHIDSUNT LE VEENTIPPSDRENAJ CANAL TORACICADMINISTRARE DE ANFTRANSPLANT HEPATIC
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LOCUL ACTUAL AL PARACENTEZEI IN TRAT ASCITEIIN ULTIMII 10 ANI INLOCUIESTE TRAT DIURETIC IN ASCITELE MASIVE *MAI RAPIDA, MAI EFICIENTA MAI PUTINE COMPLICATIINU MODIFICA CONDITIILE PREEXISTENTE ==> TRATAMENT DIURETIC DUPA ALBUMINA PREVINE MAI BINE DECAT ALTI PLASMA EXPANDERS ( DEXTRAN 70, HEMACCEL ) COMPLIC HEMODINAMICE* GINES P. ET AL 1997
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PERITONITA BACTERIANA SPONTANAD = PERITONITA PRIN > PERMEABILITATII INTESTINALE ( TRANSLOCARE )+ < APARARII ASCITEI (OPSONIZARA )OBLIG FARA CAUZA APARENTA10-30 % DIN P INTERNATI ( G)MOR 20-40%CL = OLIGOSIMPTPC CITOLOGIE > 250 PMNn / mm3 LICHIDBACT +/ - ==> 80 % GRAM -TRAT = URG - Cefotaxim, Augmentin, Ofloxacin profilaxie = hds, norfloxacin (Conf Consens 2000)
- SD HEPATORENALD = SCAD. FLUX / FILTRAT GLOMERULAR RENAL LA CZ IN ABS LEZIUNI HISTOLOGICECL = OLIGURIEPC = AZOTEMIE + Na U