Portland's Complete Streets Policy - GSMSummit 2014, Bruce Hyman
Complete Streets Design Examples - GSMSummit 2014,Tom Errico
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Transcript of Complete Streets Design Examples - GSMSummit 2014,Tom Errico
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Complete Streets Design Examples
GrowSmart Maine October 21, 2014
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Road Diets/Road Retrofits
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There’s room; it needs to be recaptured
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City of Belfast
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City of Belfast
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City of Belfast
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Narrower Travel Lanes
• AASHTO Green Book allows narrower lanes:
– 9’ on local residential streets
– 10’ on low speed arterials & collectors
– 11’ for streets with trucks
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Lane Width Adjustment
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Lane Width Adjustment
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Facility Selection
• Bicycle Lanes
OK to reduce travel lane
10 and 11-foot lanes are just as safe as 12-foot lanes on urban arterials with posted speeds less than 45 mph
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18 – 49% crash reduction (ITE)
Convert 4-Lane Road to 3-Lane including Center Turn Lane
How to Make Room: Road Diets
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State Street– Augusta, Maine
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State Street– Augusta, Maine
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Park Avenue– Portland, Maine
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Park Avenue– Portland, Maine
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Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine
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Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine
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Congress Street - Portland
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Congress Street - Portland
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Congress Street - Portland
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Roadway Classification vs.
Context-Based
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Should street width be based on classification?
Functional classification doesn’t
adequately describe the street’s role
in a community
These 3 streets are “arterials” yet
look, feel and perform very
differently:
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North Windham, Maine
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Bath Road Master Plan (Route 1) Wiscasset, Maine
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Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine
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Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine
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Speed Matters
• Drivers’ field of vision & ability to see pedestrians
• Drivers’ ability to react and avoid a crash
• Crash severity
Speed affects:
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Speed Affects Crash Severity
High speeds lead to greater chance of serious injury & death
Doubling the speed from 20 mph to 40 mph reduces the survivability from 95% to just 15%
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Speed Affects Crash Severity
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Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine
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Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine
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Intersection Design
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They drive fast,
Effect of large radius on drivers
ignoring pedestrians
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• Large corner radii:
Allow high-speed
turns by cars
-Less likely to yield
-Injury severity
Tighten Corner Curb Radii
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• Large corner radii:
– Increase crossing
distance
– Require longer
signal time
Tighten Corner Curb Radii
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Eliminate free flow turns across
crosswalks/bikeways Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety – Interchanges & roundabouts 7-10
… they are difficult for pedestrians to cross… they are difficult for pedestrians to cross
Avoid freeAvoid free--flow movements…flow movements…
Asheville NC
Free Flow Right Turn Lanes
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Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment
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Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment
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Park and St. John – Radius Adjustment
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Park and St. John – Radius
Adjustment
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Washington/Chapman – Portland, ME
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Pedestrian Facilities
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Rectangular Rapid Flash LED Beacon
►Beacon is yellow, rectangular, and has a rapid “stutter” flash
►Beacon located between the warning sign and the arrow plaque
►Must be pedestrian activated (pushbutton or passive)
►Studies indicate motorist yielding rates increased from 18.2% to 81.2% for 2 beacons and to 87.8% for 4 beacons
►Interim approval from FHWA in July 2008
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Marginal Way – Portland, Maine
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Curb Extensions
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Curb Extensions
•Reduces Pedestrian Crossing Distance
•Increases pedestrian visibility
•Prevents vehicle enchroachment on crosswalk
•Encourages slower speeds by tightening corner
radii
•Provides improved opportunity for ADA Ramps
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Anderson St. Neighborhood By-Way
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Maine Street - Brunswick
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Mid-Block Crossing
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Mid-Block Crossing
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Congress Street - Portland
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Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk
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Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk
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Traffic Signals
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Pedestrian count-down signal tells pedestrians
how much crossing time is left
Countdown Clocks
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Results from San Francisco:
25% Crash Reduction Factor after countdown signals installed
Countdown Clocks
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Route 1 - Wiscasset
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Shorten Cycle Lengths
Reduces Overall
Pedestrian Wait
Times
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Lead Pedestrian Interval
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Lead Pedestrian Interval
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Lead Pedestrian Interval
LPIs increase the visibility of crossing pedestrians and give
them priority within the intersection.
LPIs have been shown to reduce pedestrian-vehicle
collisions as much as 60% at treated intersections.
LPIs typically require adjustments to existing signal timing
that are relatively low cost compared to other
countermeasures.
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Other Traffic Signal Considerations
Prioritize Walking, Bicycling, and Transit
Keep the Number of Signal Phases to a Minimum
Time Signals to the Speed you Intend Traffic to Go
Adjust Timing for Peak and Off-Peak Volumes
Use FixedTime Signals as Opposed to Actuated
Signals
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Thank you!
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QUESTIONS?
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Tom Errico, PE Senior Associate
T.Y. Lin International Falmouth, ME