Complete Booklet v2 - ServiceOntario · PDF fileThe Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing...
Transcript of Complete Booklet v2 - ServiceOntario · PDF fileThe Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing...
®
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
October 4, 2009
Dear Colleague;
The Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH) in partnership with the Ontario Building Officials Association (OBOA) and the Ontario Home Builders’ Association (OHBA) are pleased to introduce the Official 2010 Ontario Code and Construction Guide for Housing.
Since 1990, the Code and Construction Guide for Housing has played an important role providing current, practical and accurate construction information to builders, building officials, designers, educators, students and others in the housing industry.
The 2010 edition of the Ontario Code and Construction Guide for Housing builds on our 20 year history, is current to today's Building Code and contains many new and unique features. For more information about the Guide, its advantages, a free sample chapter and how to order your copy, visit: www.serviceontario.ca/publications
We are happy to continue our successful collaboration developing supportive materials that are current and relevant to the entire industry, and encourage you to invest in this valuable resource.
Sincerely
David Brezer, Director Building and Development Branch Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
Lynn Balfour, President Ontario Building Officials Association
James Bazely, President Ontario Home Builders’ Association
Ministère de Affairs municipales et du Logement
Le 4 octobre 2009
Madame ou Monsieur,
Le ministère des Affaires municipales et du Logement (MAML), en partenariat avec l’Association des officiers en bâtiments de l’Ontario (OBOA) et l’Ontario Home Builders’ Association (OHBA), est heureux de vous présenter la version officielle 2010 du OntarioCode and Construction Guide for Housing.
Depuis 1990, le Code and Construction Guide for Housing joue un rôle important en fournissant une information à jour, pratique et exacte aux constructeurs, aux agents du bâtiment, aux concepteurs, aux éducateurs, aux étudiants et à tous les intervenants de l’industrie du logement.
L’édition 2010 du Ontario Code and Construction Guide for Housing, qui s’appuie sur 20 années d’expérience, est totalement conforme au Code du bâtiment actuel et comporte de nombreuses caractéristiques novatrices uniques. Pour de plus amples renseignements sur le guide et ses avantages, et pour obtenir un chapitre modèle gratuit et des instructions sur la façon de commander votre exemplaire, veuillez visiter : www.serviceontario.ca/publications
Nous sommes heureux de poursuivre notre collaboration fructueuse avec l’industrie, collaboration qui a débouché sur la conception de ressources documentaires actualisées et pertinentes, s’adressant à toute l’industrie. Je vous encourage à acheter cet outil précieux.
Veuillez agréer, Madame ou Monsieur, l’expression de mes sentiments distingués.
David Brezer, directeur Direction du bâtiment et de l’aménagement Ministère des Affaires municipales et du Logement
Lynn Balfour, présidente Association des officiers en bâtiments de l’Ontario
James Bazely, président Ontario Home Builders’ Association
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Table of Contents i
Table of ContentsHousing Guide
Preface
Housing Guide Table of Contents
1. Start-Up2. Foundations3. Floor Framing4. Room and Space Dimensions5. Means of Egress6. Fire Safety and Sound Control7. Wall Systems8. Roofing9. Windows and Skylights10. Fireplaces, Chimneys and Flues11. Mechanical Systems12. Plumbing and Electrical Facilities13. Insulation, Air Barriers, and Vapour Barriers14. Interior Finishes15. Exterior Finishes16. Garages, Carports, Decks and Porches
Building Code for Housing
Building Code for Housing Table of Contents
Division A: Compliance, Objectives and Functional StatementsTBD
Division B: Acceptable SolutionsPart 1 GeneralPart 6 Heating, Ventilating and Air-ConditioningPart 9 Housing and Small BuildingsPart 12 Resource Conservation
Division C: Administrative ProceduresTBD
Supplementary StandardsSB-1 Climatic and Seismic Information for Building Design in OntarioSB-2 Fire Performance RatingsSB-3 Fire and Sound Resistance of Building AssembliesSB-7 Construction Requirements for GuardsSB-9 Requirements for Soil Gas Control
Appendix A: Explanatory material for the Building Code 2006
Appendix B: Imperial Conversions of Metric Values
Additional Material
Building Code Cross References
Plans Examination Checklists
Inspection Checklists
Forms
Index - Housing Guide
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 1
MEANS OF EGRESS
Among the most important provisions of the Code are those per-taining to the means of egress. These provisions regulate designand construction to allow people to move within and betweenrooms or spaces, as well as to exit and to enter the dwelling unit.
Means of egress for stacked dwelling units are outside the scopeof this Code and Guide which focuses on unstacked, single dwell-ing units.
KEY POINTS
Residential buildings must be designed and constructed to fulfill the following functions:
• allow occupants a safe means of escape from a building in an emergency;
• allow the safe passage of occupants from one floor to another; and
• provide acceptable resistance to forced entry.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 2 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
Figure 5.1Terms Defining Means of Egress
Dwelling UnitRoom
Room
Hallway
Landing
Guard
Handrail
Room or space
Horizontal
Exit to an exterior protectedopen space with access to
public thoroughfare
Vestibule
Means of egress
(9.8.1.1)(9.9.1.1)
Verticalegress
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.9.1.3. Occupant Load
Exits, doors, stairs and ramps alongwith hallways, corridors and passage-ways represent the most commonmeans of egress in dwelling units.
The means of egress is a defined termin the Code which includes exits andaccess to exits. It refers to a continu-ous path of travel provided for theescape from any point in a building orin a contained open space to a sepa-rate building, an open public thor-oughfare, or an exterior open spacethat is protected from fire exposurefrom the building with access to anopen public thoroughfare. Figure 5.1illustrates the main components andterms that define means of egress.The following sections further discusseach of these in relation to the relevantCode requirements.
The primary consideration of the Codeis the safety of occupants, both undernormal conditions of use and in emer-gency situations, such as in the caseof fire. Under normal conditions ofuse, means of egress are intended tobe functional and permit occupants tosafely perform tasks such as movingfurniture, carrying in groceries or serv-ing food.
Under emergency conditions, theCode intends that occupants are pro-vided with a safe exit from the dwell-ing unit traveling through a properlydesigned means of egress. Based onthis intent, the means of egress mustnot only be safe with respect topedestrian movement, but must alsobe properly illuminated.
EXITS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.5.10.1. Width of Hallway Within Dwelling Unit
9.7.1.3. Bedroom Windows
9.8.1.1. General
9.9.1.1. Application
9.9.1.2. Fire Protection
9.9.2.1. Types of Exits
9.9.2.3. Elevators, Slide Escapes and Windows as Means of Egress
9.9.9.1. Travel Limit to Exits or Egress
Doors
Every dwelling unit must contain atleast one exit which can be accesseddirectly without going through anotherdwelling unit, service room or occu-pancy. Dwe l l i ng un i t s mus t bedesigned so that it is not necessary totravel up or down more than one sto-rey to reach a level served by an exitdoorway within 1.5 m (5') of groundlevel.
Additional exits may not be necessarywhere the uppermost floor level isserved by an openable window with asill not more than 1 m (3' 3") above thefloor and not more than 7 m (23')above the adjacent ground level, pro-viding an unobstructed opening of notless than 1 m (3' 3") in height and 0.55m (1' 10") in width or the floor level hasdirect access to a balcony. Refer toFigure 5.2.
An additional exit is required for floorlevels in dwelling units where thebuilding contains a hallway less than860 mm (2' 10") in width. This addi-tional exit must be provided near theend of the hallway furthest from the liv-ing area or in every bedroom servedby the hallway. Refer to Figure 5.3.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 3
Figure 5.3Exiting Requirements for Buildings With Narrow Hallways
Option 1 - One Exit
min 860 mm width hallway
min 710 mm (28")
Bedroom Bedroom
Exit
Exit
ExitExit
ExitExit Exit
Bedroom
Bath Bath
Bath
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
Bedroom Bedroom
Bedroom
LivingArea
LivingArea
LivingArea
LivingArea
LivingArea
LivingArea
Option 2 - Multiple Exits
second exit at end of hallwayexit in each bedroom served
Option 3 - Two Exits
(9.5.10.1)
min 710 mm (28")
min 860 mm (34")
Travel to a floor level served by an exit doorway is limited to one so storey up or down except where:
1. an openable window is provided, or2. the floor level has direct access to a balcony
Minimum dimensions of unobstructed opening in openable window:
0.55 m width x 1 m height (1' 10" w x 3' 3" h)
Note:
openable window with a minimum area of 0.35 sq. m (3.77 sq. ft) with no dimension less than 380 mm (15")and a maximum sill height of 1 m (3' 3").
Figure 5.2Exit Requirements (9.9.9.1)
Exit doorway not more than 1.5 m (5') above adjacent ground level
2 storeys down 2 storeysdown
Level served by exit doorway
1 storey up 1 storey up
Access to balcony
Window sill not more than 1 m (3' 3") above floor
Window sill not more than 7 m (23') above the adjacent ground level
NOT PERMITTED PERMITTED
(9.7.1.3)
Every floor level containing a bedroom requires an
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 4 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
Dwelling unit (required entrance)
Vestibule or entrance hall
Stairs to a floor level that contains a finshed space
All doors in at least one line of passage from the exterior to the basement
Utility rooms
Walk-in closet
Bathroom, water closet room, shower room
Rooms located off hallways that are permitted to be710 mm (28") wide
Rooms not mentioned above, exterior balconies
Figure 5.4Minimum Size of Doors
Minimum Size of Doors Depending on Entrance
(9.6.3.1)
Width (mm (in))
810 (32")
810 (32")
610 (24")
610 (24")
610 (24")
760 (30")
1980 (6' 6")
1980 (6' 6")
1980 (6' 6")
1980 (6' 6")
1980 (6' 6")
1980 (6' 6")
Height (mm (ft in))
(9.6.3.3)
See Chapter 13 Insulation and
See Chapter 16 Garages and Carports
LookingAhead
DOORS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.6.1.1. Application
9.6.2.1. Doors for Dwelling Units
9.6.3.1. Doorway Opening Sizes
9.6.3.3. Doors to Bathrooms
9.6.5.1. Exterior Wood Flush Doors
9.6.5.2. Sliding Doors
9.6.5.3. Insulated Steel Doors
9.6.5.4. Air Infiltration for Exterior Swing Type Doors
9.6.5.5. Air Infiltration for Patio Type Sliding Doors
9.6.5.6. Weather Stripping
9.6.6.1. Maximum Area of Glass
9.6.6.2. Glass in Doors and Sidelights
9.6.6.3. Mirrored Glass Doors
9.6.6.5. Glass for Shower or Bathtub Enclosures
9.6.8.1. Application
9.6.8.2. Wood Doors
9.6.8.3. Deadbolt Lock
9.6.8.4. Double Doors
9.6.8.5. Fastening of Hinges
9.6.8.6. Fastening of Strikeplates
9.6.8.7. Outward Swinging Doors
9.6.8.8. Door Viewer
9.6.8.9. Solid Blocking
9.6.8.10. Alternate Test Procedure
9.9.6.4. Door Action
9.9.6.5. Direction of Door Swing
9.9.6.7. Door Latching, Locking and Opening Mechanisms
9.10.13.16. Door Stops
This section deals with requirementsfor doors in dwellings. It applies todoors, glazed areas in doors, side-lights for doors and glass for showeror bathtub enclosures.
Many of the requirements for doorsare based on established standards.These standards are referenced in thecorresponding section of the Code.Standards have been developed toensure that doors will provide accept-able levels of performance for theirintended use. It is important to spec-ify doors which meet all required stan-dards and to ins ta l l t hem inaccordance with manufacturers'instructions.
GENERAL
Doors must be provided at eachentrance to a dwelling unit and ineach room containing a water closet.Exit doors are permitted to swingeither inward or outward. All exteriordoors must be readily openable fromthe inside without requiring keys, spe-cial devices, or specialized knowl-edge of the door opening mechanism.
(See also Resistance to Forced Entrybelow).
Where a door opens onto a drop ofmore than 600 mm (24") to the nearestfloor, landing, stair tread, or groundlevel (as in a french balcony), the doormust be provided with a guard or itmust be equipped with a mechanismthat wil l prevent any clear unob-structed opening greater than 100 mm(4").
MINIMUM SIZE OF DOORS
The minimum sizes for doors areshown in Figure 5.4. Doorway open-ings must be designed to accommo-date the minimum prescribed doorsizes regardless of door type - swing-ing, sliding or folding.
EXIT DOORS
Exit doors and doors in means ofegress within dwelling units or servinga single dwelling unit are not requiredto swing on the vertical axis.
EXTERIOR DOORS
Exterior doors used in housing arecommonly of the wood, insulatedsteel, fibre glass or sliding glass type.Each of these types is required to con-form to the applicable manufacturingstandard for construction and air infil-tration referenced in the correspond-ing section of the Code. All exteriordoors, except garage doors, must beweatherstripped to control air leak-age. Special consideration must begiven to doors between the dwelling
uni t and an at tached garage asdetailed in Chapter 16. It is alsorequired that exterior doors providethe minimum thermal resistance valuelisted in Chapter 13.
RESISTANCE TO FORCED ENTRY
A minimum level of security must beprovided for all swing-type exteriordoors leading into the dwelling unit.This Code requirement is intended tosubstantially reduce the likelihood offorced entry through exterior doors.
Where wood doors leading into thedwelling unit are installed, these mustbe either solid core type not less than45 mm (1-3/4") thick, or stile and railtype having a panel thickness of notless than 19 mm (3/4") and a totalpanel area not exceeding 50% of thedoor area.
Double doors leading into the dwell-ing unit must be provided with aninactive leaf which may be securedwith heavy duty bolts, top and bottom,having an engagement not less than15 mm (5/8").
Solid blocking must be provided onboth sides at the lock height betweenthe jambs and structural framing for all
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 5
Wood doors shall be solid core, (not less then 45 mm (1-3/4") thick), orstile and rail type, with a minimum panel thickness of 19 mm (3/4") and a total panel area not more than half of the door area (9.6.8.2)
45 mm (1-3/4")
Door viewer required unless transparentglazing provided in the door or in a sidelight(9.6.8.8)
Solid blocking at lock height on both sides of jamb so that the jambs will resist spreading by force(9.6.8.9)
Structural framing members
An inactive leaf in double doors must be provided with heavy duty bolts at the top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm (5/8")(9.6.8.4)
Figure 5.5Code Requirements for Resistance to Forced Entry (9.6.8)
Hinges fastened to door frame with at least 2 screws per hinge that are at least 30 mm (1-3/16")into solid wood
Hinges fastened to doors with screws not less than 25 mm (1")(9.6.8.5)
Strikeplate fastened with not less than 30 mm (1-3/16") screws
Dead bolt with not less than 25 mm (1") throw(9.8.6.3)
Throw
Jamb
15 mm(5/8")
doors leading into the dwelling unit.This blocking must be installed toadequately resist spreading of thedoor jambs by force.
For all outward swinging exteriordoors leading into the dwelling unit,hinges or pins must be provided sothat the doors cannot be removedwhen they are in the closed position.Hinges must be securely fastened towood doors with minimum 25 mm (1")long wood screws and to woodframes with at least two wood screwspenetrating not less than 30 mm (1-1/4") into solid wood.
Hinges for metal doors and framesmust be securely fastened with No. 10or larger machine screws not lessthan 10 mm (3/8") long.
Strikeplates for all exterior doors lead-ing into the dwelling unit must be fas-tened to wood frames with woodscrews penetrating not less than 30mm (1-1/4") into solid wood. Strike-plates must be fastened to metalframes with No. 10 or larger machinescrews not less than 12 mm (1/2")long.
Deadbolt locks must consist of a cylin-der having no less than 5 pins and abolt throw of not less than 25 mm (1"),protected with a solid or hardenedfree-turning ring or beveled cylinderhousing.
Entrance doors without transparentglazing provided in the door must beequipped with a door viewer with aviewing angle of not less than 160°.
The Appendix to the Code providesadditional explanatory material formeasures regarding resistance toforced entry. Figure 5.5 depicts someof the Code requirements for resis-tance to forced entry.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 6 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR STAIRSserving one dwelling unit
Stair dimensions as shown:
(9.8.4.2)
235 - 355 mm(9-1/4" - 14")tread limits
250 - 355 mm(9-7/8" - 14")tread limits
210 - 355 mm (8-1/4" - 14") run limits
230 - 355 mm (9" - 14") run limits
Figure 5.7Stair Dimensions
At least one stairway between each floor level within a dwelling unit must have a width not less than 860 mm(34")
Required exit stairs and public stairs must have a width not less than
CLEAR HEIGHT
The clear height over stairs is measured vertically from a line drawn through the outer edges of the nosings.
For stairs within dwelling units the clear heightmust be not less than 1.95 m (6' 5")
For stairs not within dwelling units the clear
PUBLIC STAIRSserving more than one dwelling unit
Rounded or bevelledleading edges of treads can not reduce the required tread depth by more than 15 mm (5/8")
(9.8.4.6)
125 - 200 mm (4-7/8" - 7-7/8") rise limits
125 - 200 mm (4-7/8" - 7-7/8") rise limits
Maximumdepth of beveled or rounded edge is 25 mm (1")
Tread minimum
900 mm (36")
(9.8.3)
height must be not less than 2.05 m (6' 9")
WIDTH
(9.8.2)
Max verticalheight is 3.7 m (12' 2")betweenlandings
Figure 5.6Maximum Glass Area for Doors
Maximum Glass Area for Doors - m (ft ) 2 2
Notes to Table: (*) Not generally available (9.6.6.1)
GlassThickness
(mm)
3 (0.12")4 (0.16")5 (0.20")6 (0.24")
Type of Glass
Annealed
Annealedmultiple glazed;Factory sealed
units
Laminated Wired Heatstrengthened
Fully tempered
0.50 (5.38)1.00 (10.76)1.50 (16.14)1.50 (16.14)
0.70 (7.53)1.50 (16.14)1.50 (16.14)1.50 (16.14)
1.00 (10.76)1.50 (16.14)1.50 (16.14)1.50 (16.14)
1.00 (10.76)4.00 (43.04)
no limitno limit
----*----*----*
1.20 (12.91)
----*----*----*
1.00 (10.76)
Fully temperedmultiple glazed;Factory sealed
units
2.00 (21.52)4.00 (43.04)
no limitno limit
GLASS IN DOORS
The maximum area of glass in doors isprovided in Figure 5.6. The thicknessand type of glass is used to determinethe maximum area of glazing permit-ted for the safe performance of thedoor assembly.
MIRRORED GLASS DOORS
Mirrored glass doors may be usedonly at the entrance to reach- inclothes closets and must be rein-forced with a film backing providingadequate impact resistance. Ensurethat mirrored glass doors conform tothe standards referenced in the Code.
GLASS FOR SHOWER OR BATHTUB
ENCLOSURES
Safety glass must be used for glassshower and bathtub enclosures. Thisrequirement is especially important tocheck when custom enclosures arebeing fabricated.
Better Building Note
As a means of egress, doors and doorways should be designed to provide safety and convenience. Door locations and types in dwellings along with directions of swing should be carefully considered.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 7
For straight-run stairs, the landing width (LW) and landing length (LL)
(43") for stairs in a straight-run.
The vertical height between any landings (LH) shall not exceed 3.7 m (12' 2") (9.8.3.3)
Landing
Landing
Landing
LW
LH
SWLH
LL
Where a door swings towards a stair, the full arc of its swing shall be over a landing(9.8.6.3)
Figure 5.8Landing Dimensions
Except for main entrance doors, where a door atthe top of a stair swings away from the stair, no landing is required(9.8.6.2)
must be not less than the stair width
All other landing lengths (LL) must not exceed 1100 mm
(SW) required.
(9.8.6.3)
STAIRS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.8.2.1. Stair Width
9.8.2.2. Height over Stairs
9.8.3.1. Straight and Curved Runs in Stairs
9.8.3.2. Minimum Number of Risers
9.8.3.3. Maximum Height of Stairs
9.8.4.1. Uniformity and Tolerances for Risers and Treads
9.8.4.2. Dimensions for Risers
9.8.4.3. Dimensions for Rectangular Treads
9.8.4.4. Dimensions for Angled Treads
9.8.4.5. Winders
9.8.4.6. Leading Edges of Treads
9.8.6.2. Required Landings
9.8.6.3. Dimensions of Landings
9.8.6.4. Height over Landings
9.8.9.1. Loads on Stairs and Ramps
9.8.9.2. Exterior Concrete Stairs
9.8.9.3. Exterior Wood Steps
9.8.9.4. Wooden Stair Stringers
9.8.9.5. Treads
9.8.9.6. Finish for Treads and Landings and Ramps
9.8.10.1. Design
9.8.10.2. Anchorage
9.8.10.3. Prevention of Damage Due to Frost
9.9.2.5. Front Edge of Stair Treads
Stairs are the most common means ofvertical egress in dwell ing units.Code requirements for stairs havebeen derived from evolving practicesfound to provide reasonable safetyand convenience.
GENERAL
All stairs must be designed and con-structed such that treads and risershave a uniform rise and run. Stair-ways may contain both curved andstraight portions of stairs provided theriser height is uniform throughout theentire flight and the curved portionconforms to Section 9.8 of the Build-ing Code. Where interior stairs extendthrough the roof of a dwelling, theymust be protected from ice and snow.
STAIR DIMENSIONS
Code requirements for stair dimen-sions are illustrated in Figure 5.7. Therise and run of stairs, the provision ofnosings or backslopes, the minimumwidth of stairs and the minimum headroom are all prescribed by the Code.
LANDINGS
Landings are intended to provideoccupants with level, secure footing atthe top and bottom of stairs, rampswith a slope greater than 1 in 50 andat doorways which swing towardstairs. Where a door at the top of astair swings away from the stair, nolanding is required between the door-way and stair, however, provision of alanding is recognized as better build-ing practice. A landing must be pro-vided at the top of all exterior stairs. Alanding is not required for an exteriorstair serving a secondary entrancewith 3 risers or less and with a doorthat swings away from the stair or thatslides. If the door is a storm or screendoor it must be equipped with hard-ware to hold it open. A landing mustbe provided at the bottom of all exte-rior stairs and ramps, unless there isno obstruction such as a gate or a
door within 900 mm (36'') of the stairor ramp.
Landings must be at least as wideand as long as the width of the stairsin which they serve, except that thelength of a landing serving a singledwelling unit must be not less than900 mm (36'') for exterior stairs andnot less than 860 mm (34'') for interiorstairs. The length of a landing forpublic stairs in a straight run must notbe less than 1.1 m (3' 7"). Publicstairs are shared stairs that servemore than one dwelling unit. Themaximum permitted vertical heightbetween landings is 3.7 m (12' 2") inorder to minimize the risk of an acci-dental fall and provide occupants witha resting level. The clear height overlandings must not be less 1.95 m (6'5"). Figures 5.8 and 5.9 illustraterequirements for landings.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 8 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
Figure 5.9 Dimensions of Landings Serving a Single Dwelling Unit
Dimensions for Required Landings Serving a Single Dwelling Unit
Landing Configuration Minimum Length Minimum Width
(9.8.6.3)
In straight-run interior stair or ramp, or interior landing turning through less than 30
Width of stair or ramp
860 mm
(34")
In straight-run exterior stair or ramp, or exterior landing turning through less than 30
Landing turning through an angle of 30 or more, but less than 90
Landing turning through not less than 90
Landing turning through 30 or more
Width of stair or ramp
measured at right angle
to path of travel
900 mm
(36")
230 mm (9") along inside edge
AND
Width of landing
Width of stair or landing
370 mm (15") measured at a
point 230 mm (9") from the
inside edge
Note: Please refer to Table 9.8.6.3 in the Code for stairs and ramps serving other than single dwelling units
CURVED STAIRS AND WINDERS
In order to accommodate turns safelyin stairs, the Code requirements inFigure 5.10 must be observed. It isimportant during the design of curvedstairs and winders, particularly wherethese are manufactured off-site, toensure compliance with the Code.
CONSTRUCTION, UNIFORMITY
AND TOLERANCES
The construction of stairs must con-form to the corresponding section ofthe Code. Stairs and ramps serving asingle dwelling unit must be designedfor strength and rigidity to support 1.9kPa. See Figure 5.11. All risers andtreads must have a uniform height orrun and tread depth with a maximumtolerance of 6 mm (1/4''). It is alsoimportant to provide appropriate fin-ishes for stairs which are both safeand durable.
30 -45
CURVED STAIRS WITH ANGLED TREADS
minimum average run 200 mm (8") measured on the centreline of the stair
WINDERS
Stairs within units may contain winders that converge to a centre point provided the winders turn through an angle of not more than 90 and individual treads turn through an angle of 30
Figure 5.10Curved Stairs and Winders
risers to conformto 9.8.4.2
Winders must not turn through an angle greater than 90
minimum run 150 mm (6")
Three winders maximum
90
Two winders
One winder
(9.8.4.5)
PERMITTED 30 -45
30 -45
30 -45
30 - 45
30 - 45
(9.8.4.4)
minimum 1.2 m(3' 11") separationbetween each setof winders
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 9
Better Building Note
Landings and thresholds in stairs can be designedto provide a higher level of safety and convenience.It is difficult to open doors swinging into landings ifthe occupant is required to step back and down to allow sufficient door swing clearance. Similarly, atdoorways occurring at the top of stairs, it is safer toprovide a threshold in place of the first step, especiallywhen the stair light switch is located beyond the doorway.
300 mm (12") min threshold 300 mm (12") min
beyond door swing
Figure 5.11Stair Construction
WOOD STAIRS
Tread thickness:
A = min 25 mm (1") when risers support front of treadB = min 38 mm (1-1/2") when tread unsupported at front and distance between stringers is no greater than 750 mm (30")
Stringer thickness:
T = 25 mm (1") if supported along the length (i.e. secured to a wall)T = 38 mm (1-1/2") if unsupported along the length
W = max 900 mm (35") in dwelling unitsW = max 1200 mm (47") in dwelling units when risers support the front of the treads unless stringers and treads designed for wider spacingW = max 600 mm (23-1/2") in other than dwelling units
EXTERIOR CONCRETE STAIRS
Concrete steps with more than 2 risers and 2 treads must be supported on unit masonry, concrete walls or piers not less than 150 x 150 mm (6" x 6") (9.8.9.2)
CANTILEVERED EXTERIOR CONCRETE STEPS
Min 90 mm (3-1/2")
Min 235 mm (9-1/2")
Exterior wood steps shall not be in direct contact with the ground unless treated to prevent decay
(9.8.9.5)
W
Secure stringers at top and bottom
Stair treads of plywood or OSB thatare not continuously supported by the riser must have their face grain or direction of face orientation at right
Concrete pad
Stringer
T
B
A
4 risers 4 risers
Suitable precautions shall be taken during backfilling and grading to avoid damage due to soil freezing
(9.8.10)
Concretefoundation
Anchor
Min 200 mm (8") (9.8.10.2)
Below frost on undisturbedground
angles to the stringers
(9.8.9.4)(9.8.9.3)
(9.8.10.3)
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 10 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
Width of ramp not less than 860 mm (2' 10")
Where a doorway or stairway opens onto the side of a ramp, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp and for a distance of at least 300 mm (12") on either side of the wall opening
Figure 5.12Requirements for Pedestrian Ramps
The maximum gradient for ramps is 1 in 10.
1
10
300 mm (12") min
(9.8.6.3)
A landing shall be provided at the top and bottom of every ramp with a slopegreater than 1 in 50
(9.8.6.2)
(9.8.5)
RAMPS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.8.5.1. Application
9.8.5.2. Ramp Width
9.8.5.3. Height over Ramps
9.8.5.4. Slope
9.8.5.5. Maximum Rise
9.8.6.2. Required Landings
9.8.6.3. Dimensions of Landings
Ramps represent the second mostcommon form of vertical egress. Themaximum gradient for interior andexterior ramps in dwelling units is 1 in10. Where any means of egressopens onto the side of a ramp, thelanding shall extend for a distance ofnot less than 300 mm (12") on eitherside of the doorway or stairway,except on a side abutting an end wall.F igure 5.12 i l lustrates the Coderequirements governing ramps.
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 11
HANDRAILS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.8.7.1. Required Handrails
9.8.7.2. Continuity of Handrails
9.8.7.4. Height of Handrails
9.8.7.5. Ergonomic Design
9.8.7.6. Projections into Stairs and Ramps
9.8.7.7. Design and Attachment of Handrails
Handrails are intended to provideoccupants with a secure grip andmeans of support when ascendingand descending stairs or ramps.Code requirements for handrailsapply to both stairs and ramps indwelling units, however, only require-ments for stairs are depicted in Figure5.13.
Handrails REQUIRED on: a) at least one side of stairs or ramps less than 1.1 m (43") wideb) two sides of stairs or ramps 1.1 m (43") wide or greater
Handrails NOT REQUIRED for: a) interior stairs serving one dwelling unit having not more than two risersb) exterior stairs serving one dwelling unit having not more than three risersc) ramps with a slope not less than 1 in 12 or rising more than 400 mm (16")
Figure 5.13Handrails
Handrails shall be constructed with no obstruction on or above them to break a handhold except where the handrails interrupted by newels at changes in direction
NewelHANDRAILPROJECTIONS
Design and attachment of handrails must conform
The height of handrail (H)must be no less than 800 mm (31") and not more than965 mm (38") measured vertically from a line drawnthrough the leading edges of
(9.8.7.4)
100 mm(4") max
50 mm (2") min
(9.8.7.6)
EASY TO GRASP
Recommended50 mm (2") max
DIFFICULTTO GRASP
Line through leadingedges of stair treads
Line through leadingedges of stair treads
Only one handrail required for exteriorstairs with more than 3 risers servingone dwelling unit
Exterior stair
1.1 m (43") or morerequire two handrails
Interior stair
H
H
(9.8.7.1)
to article 9.8.7.7
stair treads to the top of the handrail
(9.8.7.2)
(9.8.7.5)
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
5 - 12 Means of Egress 2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
GUARDS
BUILDING CODE REFERENCES
DIVISION B
9.8.8.1. Required Guards
9.8.8.2. Loads on Guards
9.8.8.3. Height of Guards
9.8.8.4. Guards for Floors and Ramps in Garages
9.8.8.5. Openings in Guards
9.8.8.6. Design to Prevent Climbing
9.8.8.7. Glass in Guards
Guards are intended to reduce acci-dental falls from differences in eleva-tion between adjacent floor levels orthe exterior ground. Generally, guardsare required for stairs, ramps, land-ings, balconies, porches, decks, mez-zanine galleries and raised walkwaysunless stated otherwise. In manycases, handrails are incorporated intoguards where both are required.
Guards should be designed to notfacilitate climbing by minimizing hori-
zontal hand grips and toeholds. Fig-ures 5.14 to 5.16 illustrate the majorCode requirements for guards.
Figure 5.14Required Guards (9.8.8)
Every exterior flight of steps and ramps, landing, porch, balcony, mezzanine, gallery, and raised walkway to which access is provided for other than maintenance purposes shall be protected by guards on all open sides. (9.8.8.1)
900 mm (36")min guard height (9.8.8.3 (3))
Guard is required when H is more than 600 mm (24")
H
1070 mm (42") min guard height(9.8.8.3 (1))
(9.8.8.1 (1))
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND IS NOT MORE THAN 1.8 m (6') HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND IS MORE THAN 1.8 m (6')
Balcony
Openings through a guard must prevent the passage of a 100 mm (4") diameter sphere(9.8.8.5)
900 mm (36") min(9.8.8.3 (2))
Line through leading edges of stair treads
900 mm (36") min measured from top of landing to top of guard(9.8.8.3 (2))
When an interior stair has more than two risers, the sides of the stair and the landing or floorlevel around the stair wellshall be enclosed by walls or be protected by guards(9.8.8.1(3))
© Q
ueen
’s P
rinte
r for
Ont
ario, 2
009
– Dra
ft Ver
sion
2010 CODE AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Means of Egress 5 - 13
s ss900 mm
(36")
140 mm
(5-1/2")
Do not provide a toe-spacemore than 45 mm (1-3/4")horizontally and 20 mm (3/4") vertically
Not less than a 1 in 2 slope(27 degrees)
1
2
max 100 mm (4")
Protruding elements may beoffset not more than 15 mm (1/2")
Where guards arerequired, openingsmust prevent the passage of a 100 mm (4") diameter sphere
Where guards are notrequired, openings must be less than 100 mm (4") or more than 200 mm (8")
max 100 mm (4") min 200 mm (8")
Figure 5.16Design to Prevent Climbing (9.8.8.6)
L
W
L = max 45 mm (1-3/4")
W = max 20 mm (3/4")
Protruding elements
in this zone must be
more than 450 mm
(17-3/4") apart vertically
and horizontally
more than 450 mm
(17-3/4")
PERMITTED NOT PERMITTED
(9.8.8.5)
less than 450 mm(17-3/4")
Figure 5.15Guards not Required
H is not more than 600 mm (24"), no guard is required(9.8.8.1 (1))
Handrail required when more than 3 risers(9.8.7.1 (2))
H
Height above adjacent ground level or walking surface
Guard Requirement
600 mm (24") or less
1800 mm (71") or less
(See Figure 5.14)
more than 1800 mm (71")
(See Figure 5.14)
Not Required
Required
900 mm (36") min guard height
Required
1070 mm (42") minguard height