Compilation of Sediment & Soil Standards, Criteria & … · Compilation of Sediment & Soil...

Compilation ofSediment & Soil

Standards, Criteria& Guidelines

February 1995

State of California The Resources Agency Department of Water Resources

Quality AssuranceTechnical Document 7

Department of Water ResourcesQuality Assurance/Quality Control Program

Environmental Assessment Sampling

Analysis Data Evaluation

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

DE

PA

RTM

ENT OF WATER RESOU

RC

ES

State of CaliforniaThe Resources Agency

Department of Water ResourcesDivision of Local Assistance

Compilation of Sediment & SoilStandards, Criteria & Guidelines

February 1995

Douglas P. WheelerSecretary for ResourcesThe Resources Agency

David N. KennedyDirector

Department of Water Resources

Pete WilsonGovernor

State of California

Organization ...................................................... iv

Acknowledgements .........................................v

Introduction ........................................................ 1

Chapter 1California Sediment Criteria ............................... 3

Chapter 2Other State Sediment Criteria .......................... 11

Chapter 3Federal Sediment Criteria ................................. 21

Chapter 4International Sediment Criteria ....................... 31

Chapter 5Soil Criteria ........................................................... 41

Chapter 6California State Water ResourcesControl Board Leaking UndergroundFuel Tank Field Manual ...................................... 55

Chapter 7California State Water ResourcesControl Board Sediment QualityObjectives for Enclosed Bays andEstuaries of California ........................................ 57

Chapter 8California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard San Francisco Bay Region TestingRequirements for Wetland Creationand Upland Beneficial Reuse ........................... 59

Chapter 9California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard Central Valley Region DesignatedLevel Methodology .......................................... 61

ii

Table of Contents

iii

Chapter 10U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyAcid Volatile Sulfide Methodology ................. 65

Chapter 11Historical Tributyltin Data ................................... 67

Bibliography ................................................... 69

Tables1 California Sediment Criteria ....................... 4

2 Other State Sediment Criteria ................. 13

3 Federal Sediment Criteria ........................ 23

4 International Sediment Criteria ............... 33

5 Soil Criteria .................................................. 43

6 Butyltin Historical Sediment Data ............. 68

iv

State of CaliforniaPete Wilson, Governor

The Resources AgencyDouglas P. Wheeler, Secretary for Resources

Department of Water ResourcesDavid N. Kennedy, Director

John J. Silveira Robert G. PotterDeputy Director Chief Deputy Director Deputy Director

L. Lucinda Chipponeri Susan N. Weber Assistant Director for Legislation Chief Counsel

Division of Local Assistance

Carlos Madrid ...................................................................................................................................... Chief

This report was prepared under the supervision of

Richard Woodard ............................................................. Chief, Water Quality Assessment Section

by

Judith Heath ................................ Program Manager, Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program

Cassandra Enos ......................................................................................... Environmental Specialist III

with the assistance of

Tracy Latipow ................................................................................................ Former Student Assistant

Lynda Dale Herren ...................................................................... Publications and Editorial Services

Alice S. Dyer .................................................................................. Publications and Editorial Services

v

Acknowledgements

The California Department of Water Resourcesgratefully acknowledges the helpful suggestionsand material provided by the following peerreviewers:

■ Edward LongNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationBioeffects and Assessment Division

■ John MarshackRegional Water Quality Control BoardCentral Valley RegionEnvironmental/Technical Support Unit

■ Brenden McFarlandWashington Department of EcologySediment Management Unit

■ Mary ReileyEnvironmental Protection AgencyEcological Risk Assessment Branch

■ Thomas L. SealFlorida Department of Environmental ProtectionOffice of Intergovernmental Programs

■ Karen TaberskiRegional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay RegionBasin Planning/Bay Protection and Toxics Division

■ Craig WilsonState Water Resources Control BoardDivision of Water Quality

1

Introduction

Prior to the design of an adequate Quality Con-trol Program Plan for sediment and soil sam-pling, there must be agreement on the objectivesof the sampling program. This document is acompilation of United States and internationalstandards, criteria, and guidelines for assessingacceptable levels of constituents in sedimentsand soils under specific conditions. These crite-ria can be used to establish data quality objec-tives for individual studies, and to compareagainst data obtained from sediment and soilanalyses.

Explanations of the individual criteria and theiruse are provided at the beginning of each chapter.Each criterion was developed for a different use.Therefore, before using the criteria, it is importantto consider the applicability of the particularcriterion to the situation. It is recommended thatthe agencies which developed the criteria be con-tacted to confirm the appropriate use.

Chapters 1 through 4 provide descriptions ofsediment criteria and guidelines developed byvarious agencies. Tables 1 through 4 list Califor-nia and other state, federal, and internationalsediment criteria. Chapter 5 provides descrip-tions of soil criteria and guidelines listed in Table5. Chapters 6 through 10 contain information onproposed sediment and soil criteria, and sitespecific methodologies for evaluating sedimentor soil contaminant concentrations. Chapter 11discusses historical tributyltin sediment concen-trations.

This document is one of several Department ofWater Resources Quality Assurance/QualityControl Program technical reports. Othersinclude:

■ Quality Assurance Guidelines for AnalyticalLaboratories—Quality Assurance TechnicalDocument 1 (published in September 1992);

2

■ Sampling Manual for EnvironmentalMeasurement Projects—Quality AssuranceTechnical Document 2 (published in April1994);

■ Compilation of Federal and State DrinkingWater Standards and Criteria—QualityAssurance Technical Document 3 (publishedin July 1993);

■ Compendium of Water Quality Investiga-tions—Quality Assurance Technical Docu-ment 4 (published in November 1993);

■ Quality Assurance Program Plan—QualityAssurance Technical Document 5 (due forpublication in winter 1994); and

■ Guidelines for Developing Quality AssuranceProject Plans—Quality Assurance TechnicalDocument 6 (published in May 1994).

Copies of this report or any of the other technicalreports can be obtained from DWR's Bulletinsand Reports, Post Office Box 942836, Sacra-mento, California 94236-0001; phone: (916) 653-1097. ■

3

California SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of Californiasediment criteria used in Table 1 starting onpage 4.

California Regional Water QualityControl Board San Francisco BayRegion—Disposal Option SedimentScreening CriteriaIn December 1993, the California Regional WaterQuality Control Board San Francisco Bay Regionpublished Interim Sediment Screening Criteriaand Testing Requirements for Wetland Creationand Upland Beneficial Reuse. The documentprovides sediment screening criteria and testingrequirements for the beneficial reuse of dredgedmaterial such as wetlands creation and uplanddisposal. The document is intended to facilitatecreation, enhancement, and restoration of wet-lands. The criteria apply to marine and estua-rine conditions only and are not applicable forassessment of potential freshwater impacts fromsediment reuse or disposal. The screening crite-ria are not applied without consideration of site-specific factors.

The sediment screening criteria were developedusing ER-L and ER-M values from Long et al.(1990) and dredged material values typicallyfound in the Bay Area. The ER-L or tenth per-centile value is the chemical concentration belowwhich adverse biological effects may be expectedto occur 10 percent of the time. The ER-M is thechemical concentration below which adversebiological effects may be expected 50 percent ofthe time. ■

Chapter 1

4

California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region

Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria

Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,

Noncover Landfill Daily Cover

CONTAMINANT

ORGANICS

Abate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acenaphthene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A.

Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A.

Anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A.

BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.

α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.

β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.

γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chrysene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Table 1—California Sediment Criteria(values in mg/kg, dry weight)

5

Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)





CONTAMINANT

Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDE N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDT >2.0 0.1-0.003 <0.003

Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A.

6






CONTAMINANT

Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A.

EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Folpet N.A N.A. N.A.

Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A.

Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A.

HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A.

Herban N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A.

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A.

Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A.

Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A.

7






CONTAMINANT

Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A.

Naphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's(total) N.A. 35-4 <4

PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's (low molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A.

PCB (total) >100 0.4-0.05 <0.05

Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A.

Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenathrene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A.

Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A.

8






CONTAMINANT

Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A.

Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A.

Solan N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A.

Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-

propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A.

Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A.

INORGANICS

Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A.

Arsenic >1,000 85-33 <33

Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A.

9






CONTAMINANT

Barium N.A. N.A. N.A.

Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cadmium >200 9-5 <5

Chromium Total >1,000 300-220 <220

Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A.

Copper >5,000 390-90 <90

Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A.

Iron N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead >2,000 110-50 <50

Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mercury >40 1.3-0.35 <0.35

Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nickel >4,000 200-140 <140

Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A.

Selenium >200 1.4-0.7 <0.7

Silver >1,000 2.2-1.0 <1.0

Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A.

Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zinc >10,000 270-160 <160

Legend:

N.A. — Not Available

10

Please go to page 11

11

Other State SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of state (excludingCalifornia) sediment criteria used in Table 2starting on page 14.

Florida Department of EnvironmentalProtection—Preliminary Sediment QualityAssessment GuidelinesThe preliminary Sediment Quality AssessmentGuidelines (SQAGs) are taken from a publica-tion prepared for the Florida Department ofEnvironmental Regulation entitled Developmentof an Approach to the Assessment of SedimentQuality in Florida Coastal Waters. The SQAGswere developed to evaluate the potential forbiological effects associated with sediment-sorbed contaminants and to provide assistancein managing coastal resources. They are in-tended to assist in sediment quality assessmentapplications, such as identifying prioritynonpoint source management actions, designingwetlands restoration projects, and monitoringtrends in environmental contamination. TheSQAGs are not intended to be used as sedimentquality criteria. They do not supersede formalregulatory assessment protocols such as thoseimplemented under the federal Marine Protec-tion, Research, and Sanctuaries Act.

The effects-based SQAGs were derived using amodified version of the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Association National Status andTrends Program Approach. The SQAGs applyto marine and estuarine conditions only. Thenumerical SQAGs define three ranges of concen-trations for the contaminants: a no effects range,a possible effects range, and a probable effectsrange. Two values are used to define these

Chapter 2

12

ranges: a no observed effect level (NOEL) and aprobable effects level (PEL). The NOEL definesthe upper limit of the no effects range and thelower limit of the possible effects range. ThePEL defines the upper limit of the possibleeffects range and the lower limit of the probableeffects range.

For a copy of the guidelines, contact Thomas L.Seal, Florida Department of EnvironmentalProtection, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard,Mail Stop #46, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000;phone: (904) 488-0784.

Washington Department ofEcology—Sediment ManagementStandardsThe Washington State Sediment ManagementStandards are found in Chapter 173-204 of theWashington Administrative Code. The purposeof the standards is to reduce and ultimatelyeliminate adverse effects on biological resourcesand significant health threats to humans fromsurface sediment contamination. The followingstandards are for the protection of aquatic biotaand apply to Puget Sound marine sediment only:

Marine Sediment Quality Standards—Chemi-cal Criteria: These sediment quality standardscorrespond to a sediment quality that will resultin no adverse effects, including no acute orchronic adverse effects on biological resources.The criteria are used to initially designate asample as passing or failing the sediment qualitystandards. Additional tests may be used toconfirm the designation of a sediment.

Puget Sound Marine Sediment Impact ZoneMaximum Chemical Criteria: These criteria arethe maximum chemical concentration levels thatmay be allowed within an authorized sedimentimpact zone due to a permitted or otherwise

authorized discharge. These chemical concentra-tions correspond to a minor adverse effects level.

Puget Sound Marine Sediment CleanupScreening Levels and Minimum CleanupLevels—Chemical Criteria: These criteria estab-lish minor adverse effects as the level used toidentify contiguous sediment sampling stationsof low concern and stations of potential concern.They are identical to the above criteria. Contigu-ous stations whose average contaminant concen-trations exceed the screening levels are consid-ered stations of potential concern. Stationswhose concentrations are at or below the screen-ing levels are defined as stations of low concern.The criteria also represent the maximum allowedchemical concentration permissible at a cleanupsite, to be achieved by year 10 after completionof an active cleanup action.

The Department of Ecology is currently in theprocess of developing chemical criteria forfreshwater sediment and criteria for the protec-tion of human health.

For a copy of the Standards, contact BrendenMcFarland, Washington Department of Ecology,Post Office Box 47600, Olympia, Washington98504-7600; phone: (206) 407-6000. ■

13

Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria

Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology

Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment

(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b

NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels

CONTAMINANT

ORGANICS

Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acenaphthene 22 450 16 57

Acenaphthylene N.A. N.A. 66 66

Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Anthracene 85 740 220 1200

Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)anthracene 160 1,300 110 270

Benzo(a)pyrene 230 1,700 99 210

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. 31 78

Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzofluoranthenes(total)c N.A. N.A. 230 450

Benzoic acid N.A. N.A. 650d 650d

Benzyl alcohol N.A. N.A. 57d 73d

BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. 47 78

Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

14

Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)

Butyl benzyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 4.9 64

Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chrysene 220 1,700 110 460

Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDE 1.7 130 N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDT 4.5 270 N.A. N.A.

Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 31 320 12 33

Dibenzofuran N.A. N.A. 15 58

Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 2.3 2.3

1,4-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 3.1 9

2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.





CONTAMINANT

15


2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 61 110

Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dimethyl phenol N.A. N.A. 29d 29d

Dimethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 53 53

Di-n-butyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 220 1700

Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Di-n-octyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 58 4500

Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluoranthene 380 3,200 160 1200

Fluorene 18 460 23 79

Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.





CONTAMINANT

16






CONTAMINANT

Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. 0.38 2.3

Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. 3.9 6.2

Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. 34 88

Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2-Methylnaphthalene N.A. N.A. 38 64

2-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. 63d 63d

4-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. 670d 670d

Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

17






CONTAMINANT

Naphthalene 130 1,100 99 170

Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

N-nitrosodiphenylamine N.A. N.A. 11 11

PAH's(total) 2,900 28,000 N.A. N.A.

PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. 960 5300

PAH's (low molecular wt.) 250 2,400 370 780

PCB (total) 24 260 12 65

Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. 360d 690d

Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenathrene 140 1,200 100 480

Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenol N.A. N.A. 420d 1200d

Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pyrene 290 1,900 1000 1400

18






CONTAMINANT

Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 0.81 1.8

Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.


propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

INORGANICS

Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Arsenic 8 64 57 93

Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Barium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cadmium 1 7.5 5.1 6.7

Chromium Total 33 240 260 270

19


Legend:

a units for inorganics are mg/kg (ppm), dry weightb units for inorganics are mg/kg, dry weightc the total benzofluoranthenes criterion represents the sum of the concentrations of the “B,” “J,” and

“K” isomersd units are in µg/kg dry weighte picograms per gram (pg/g)

NOEL = No Observable Effects LevelPEL = Probable Effects LevelN.A. = Not Available





CONTAMINANT

Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Copper 28 170 390 390

Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Iron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead 21 160 450 530

Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mercury 0.1 1.4 0.41 0.59

Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nickel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Silver 0.5 2.5 6.1 6.1

Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zinc 68 300 410 960

20


21

Federal SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of the federalsediment guidelines found in Table 3 starting onpage 29.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Region V—Guidelines for ClassifyingSediments of Great Lakes HarborsThe guidelines for the evaluation of Great Lakesharbor sediments were developed as interimguidelines to aid in decisions regarding disposalof dredged material. Sediments are classified asnonpolluted, moderately polluted, or heavilypolluted. The overall classification of the sampleis based on the most predominant classificationof the individual parameters, with the exceptionof mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls.Because of the known bioaccumulation of mer-cury and PCBs, if the guideline values for eitherare exceeded, the sediments are classified aspolluted and unacceptable for open lake dis-posal, regardless of the concentrations of otherparameters. The guidelines apply to sedimentsin the Great Lakes harbors only.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Proposed Sediment Quality CriteriaThe Sediment Quality Criteria are taken from theU.S. EPA's Proposed Sediment Quality Criteriafor the Protection of Benthic Organisms. SQCare proposed to provide protection to benthicorganisms from chemicals associated with sedi-ments. They are EPA's best recommendation ofthe concentrations of a substance in sedimentthat will not unacceptably affect benthic organ-isms. The criteria were established for bothfreshwater and marine sediments and are basedon the biologically available concentration of the

Chapter 3

22

substance in sediments. These criteria do notprotect against additive, synergistic, antagonis-tic, or bioaccumulative effects of contaminants toaquatic life or human health.

SQC were developed for nonionic organicchemicals using an equilibrium partitioningmethod. The SQC are expressed as microgramsper gram of organic carbon (µg/goc). SQC areintended to apply to sediments permanentlyinundated with water, intertidal sediments, andsediments inundated periodically for durationssufficient to permit development of benthicassemblages.

Until final SQC are developed, these criteriashould only be used to support site specificassessments for sediments that are consistentwith assumptions on which these SQC are devel-oped. ■

23

Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency

Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)

a

Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine

CONTAMINANT

ORGANICS

Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acenaphthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 130 230

Acenaphthylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzofluoranthenes(total)b N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzoic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzyl alcohol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A N.A.

Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Butyl benzyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

24

Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)



a


CONTAMINANT

Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chrysene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDE N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDT N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

DDT (total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dibenzofuran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

1,4-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

25




a


CONTAMINANT

Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 11 20

Diethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dimethyl phenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dimethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Di-n-butyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Di-n-octyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.2 0.76

EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 620 300

Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

26




a


CONTAMINANT

Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2-Methylnaphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

4-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Naphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

N-nitrosodiphenylamine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's(total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's (low molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

PCB (total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

27




a


CONTAMINANT

Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenathrene N.A. N.A. N.A. 180 240

Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

28




a


CONTAMINANT

Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.


propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

INORGANICS N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ammonia <75 75-200 >200 N.A. N.A.

Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Arsenic <3 3-8 >8 N.A. N.A.

Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Barium <20 20-60 >60 N.A. N.A.

Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cadmium N.A. N.A. >6 N.A. N.A.

Chromium Total <25 25-75 >75 N.A. N.A.

Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

COD <40,000 40,000-80,000 >80,000 N.A. N.A.

Copper <25 25-50 >50 N.A. N.A.

Cyanide <0.10 0.10-0.25 >0.25 N.A. N.A.

Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Iron <17,000 17,000-25,000 >25,000 N.A. N.A.

Lead <40 40-60 >60 N.A. N.A.

Manganese <300 300-500 >500 N.A. N.A.

29


Legend:

a micrograms per gram organic carbon (µg/goc)

b the total benzofluoranthenes criterion represents the sum of the concentrations of the “B,” “J,” and“K” isomers.




a


CONTAMINANT

Mercury <1.0 N.A. >1.0 N.A. N.A.

Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nickel <20 20-50 >50 N.A. N.A.

Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl <1,000 1,000-2,000 >2,000 N.A. N.A.

Oil and Grease <1,000 1,000-2,000 >2,000 N.A. N.A.

Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Silver N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Volatile Solids <5% 5-8% >8% N.A. N.A.

Zinc <90 90-200 >200 N.A. N.A.

30


31

International SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of the interna-tional guidelines found in Table 4 starting onpage 39.

Long and Others—Sediment QualityGuidelinesLong, et al. have developed sediment qualityguidelines for 9 trace metals, total polychlori-nated biphenyls (PCBs), 2 pesticides, 13 poly-nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 3classes of PAHs. These values are published inIncidence of Adverse Biological Effects withinRanges of Chemical Concentrations in Marineand Estuarine Sediments. These guidelines weredeveloped using an updated and refined versionof a sediment chemistry/biological effects data-base compiled by Long and Morgan (1990).

For development of the new guidelines, thedatabase used by Long and Morgan (1990) wasrefined by excluding data from freshwater stud-ies and including data from additional sites,biological test end points, and contaminants.Numerous reports were reviewed and screened;a total of 89 reports were included in the data-base. The studies included were conductedthroughout North America, including California,Washington, and British Columbia.

The approach to developing the guidelinesinvolved three steps: (1) assemble, evaluate, andcollate all available information in which mea-sures of adverse biological effects and chemicalconcentrations in sediments were reported; (2)identify the ranges in chemical concentrationsthat were rarely, occasionally, or frequentlyassociated with effects; and (3) determine the

Chapter 4

32

incidence of biological effects within each of theranges in concentrations for each chemical as anestimate of guideline accuracy.

Two values were developed for each chemical orchemical group. The lower tenth percentile ofthe effects data for each chemical was identifiedand referred to as the effects range-low (ERL).The median, or fiftieth percentile, of the effectsdata was identified and referred to as the effectsrange-median (ERM). The concentrations belowthe ERL value represent a minimal-effects range,a range intended to estimate conditions in whicheffects would be rarely observed. Concentra-tions equal to and above the ERL but below theERM represent a possible-effects range withinwhich effects would occasionally occur. Finally,the concentrations equivalent to and above theERM value represent a probable-effects rangewithin which effects would frequently occur.

This method is currently being used as a basisfor developing national sediment quality guide-lines for Canada and informal sediment qualityguidelines for Florida.

For more information, contact Edward Long atthe Coastal Monitoring and Bioeffects Assess-ment Division, National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration, Bin C15700, 7600 SandPoint Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington98115; phone: (206)526-6338.

Ontario, Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment—Ontario ProvincialSediment Quality GuidelinesThe Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelineswere taken from Guidelines for the Protectionand Management of Aquatic Sediment Qualityin Ontario. The guidelines were developed forprotection of aquatic biological resources. Thebiologically based guidelines have been derived

to protect those organisms that are directlyimpacted by contaminated sediment, namely thebenthic species. They are intended to provideguidance during decision-making in relation tosediment issues, ranging from prevention toremedial action. ■

33

Table 4—International Sediment Criteria

Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment

Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)

ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld

CONTAMINANT

ORGANICS

Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acenaphthene 16 500 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acenaphthylene 44 640 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.002 8

Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Anthracene 85.3 1,100 N.A. 0.220 370

Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Benzo(a)anthracene 261 1,600 N.A. 0.320 1,480

Benzo(a)pyrene 430 1,600 N.A. 0.370 1,440

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.170 320

Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.240 1,340

BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.003 12

α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.006 10

β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 21

γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Chlordane N.A. N.A. 0.005 0.007 6

34

Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)




CONTAMINANT

Chrysene 384 2,800 N.A. 0.340 460

Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.008 6

p,p' -DDE 2.2 27 N.A. 0.005 19

p,p'-DDT N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 12

DDT (total) 1.58 46.1 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 63.4 260 N.A. 0.060 130

Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dieldrin N.A. N.A. 0.0006 0.002 91

1,4-Dioxane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

35





CONTAMINANT

Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Endrin N.A. N.A. 0.0005 0.003 130

EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluoranthene 600 5,100 N.A. 0.750 1,020

Fluorene 19 540 N.A. 0.190 160

Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. 0.01 0.02 24

Heptachlor N.A. N.A. 0.0003 N.A. N.A.

Heptachlor Epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 5

Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.200 320

Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

36





CONTAMINANT

Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Lindane N.A. N.A. 0.0002 0.003e 1e

Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2-Methyl naphthalene 70 670 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 130

Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Naphthalene 160 2,100 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's(total) 4,022 44,792 N.A. 4 10,000

PAH's (high molecular wt.) 1,700 9,600 N.A. N.A. N.A.

PAH's (low molecular wt.) 552 3,160 N.A. N.A. N.A.

PCB (total) 22.7 180 0.01 0.07 530

PCB 1254e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.06 34

PCB 1248e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.03 150

PCB 1016e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 53

PCB 1260e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 24

Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

37





CONTAMINANT

Phenathrene 240 1,500 N.A. 0.560 950

Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Pyrene 665 2,600 N.A. 0.490 850

Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

38





CONTAMINANT


propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

INORGANICS N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Arsenic 8.2 70 N.A. 6 33

Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Barium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Cadmium 1.2 9.6 N.A. 0.6 10

Chromium 81 370 N.A. 26 110

Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Copper 34 270 N.A. 16 110

Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Iron N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,200 43,766

Lead 46.7 218 N.A. 31 250

Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A. 460 1,100

Mercury 0.15 0.71 N.A. 0.2 2.0

Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Nickel 20.9 51.6 N.A. 16 75

Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

39


Legend:

a Units for inorganics are mg/kg (ppm) dry weight.

b A No Effect Level (NEL µg/g) at which no toxic effects have been observed in aquatic organisms.This is the level at which all biological resources will be protected. This level meets other waterquality and use guidelines. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s Sediment Quality Guidelines.

c A Lowest Effect Level (LEL µg/g) indicating a level of sediment contamination at which themajority of benthic organisms are unaffected. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s ProvincialSediment Quality Guidelines.

d A Severe Effect Level (SEL µg/goc) indicating the level at which pronounced disturbance of thesediment dwelling community can be expected. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s ProvincialSediment Quality Guidelines.

e Tentative guidelines.





CONTAMINANT

Silver 1.0 3.7 N.A. N.A. N.A.

Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Zinc 150 410 N.A. 120 820

40


41

Chapter 5Soil CriteriaThe following is a description of the soil guide-lines found in Table 5 starting on page 43. Theprevious chapters discussed the sediment crite-ria.

California Department of ToxicSubstances and Control—Characteristicsof Hazardous WasteTotal Threshold Limit Concentrations: TheTotal Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLCs)are standards listed in the California Code ofRegulations (CCR), Title 22, Chapter 11 "Identifi-cation and Listing of Hazardous Waste." Thestandards are for use in classifying a waste ashazardous. The TTLCs are enforceable; anywaste exceeding a TTLC is classified as a hazard-ous or extremely hazardous waste in the State ofCalifornia.

Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations: Aswith the TTLCs, the Soluble Threshold LimitConcentrations (STLCs) are listed in the CCR,Title 22, Chapter 11, and are for use in classify-ing a waste as hazardous. However, STLC is forthe concentration of the constituent in the wasteextract, as determined using the Waste Extrac-tion Test (WET). WET is described in CCR, Title22, Chapter 11, Appendix II. This test measuresthe amount of extractable substance in a waste orother material. Any waste extract with concen-trations exceeding the STLC is classified as ahazardous waste in the State of California.

New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection—Guidelines for Drinking WaterProtectionThe guidelines are from the New Jersey Depart-ment of Environmental Protection's Summary ofApproaches to Soil Cleanup Levels. They are

42

nonenforceable guidelines designed to identifypotential contamination problems. The guide-lines were derived by considering backgroundconcentrations and selecting a multiple of thebackground concentrations, thought to ensurethat concentrations in ground water would notviolate drinking water standards.

Ontario, Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment—Criteria for Protection ofHuman HealthThese criteria are taken from an unpublishedreport Inventory of Cleanup Criteria and Meth-ods to Select Criteria. They are intended toprotect human health during the dismantling ofindustrial sites. The criteria were set to ensurethat human intake through inhalation of dustand other exposures would not exceed dailyintake levels. The criteria were based on anexposure model for human health.

USSR State Committee for Scienceand Technology—Allowable SoilConcentrations in the Former Soviet UnionThe allowable soil concentrations are taken fromMaximum Allowable Concentrations and Tenta-tive Safe Exposure Levels of Harmful Substancesin the Environmental Media. The concentrationsin soil were set to protect plants, water, and airfrom contamination by harmful substances inthe soil, as well as to protect the soil's composi-tion and biological properties. ■

43

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia(v

alu

es

in m

g/k

g u

nle

ss o

the

rwis

e n

ote

d)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

OR

GA

NIC

S

Aba

teN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.6

Ace

nap

hthe

neN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Ace

tald

ehyd

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.10

N.A

.

Ald

rin

1.4

0.14

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Am

iben

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05

Ant

hrac

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Atr

azin

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

Ben

zene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

040-

0.13

0.3

N.A

.

Ben

zene

(a)p

yren

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.00

4-0.

005

N.A

.N

.A.

Ben

zo(a

)ant

hrac

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Ben

zo(a

)pyr

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.02

N.A

.

Ben

zo(g

,h,i)

per

ylen

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

44

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Ben

zo(k

)flu

oran

then

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

BH

CN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

α-B

HC

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

β-B

HC

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

γ-B

HC

(Se

e L

ind

ane)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Bis

(2-e

thly

hexy

l)p

htha

late

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.70

-5,0

00N

.A.

N.A

.

Bro

mop

hos

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

4

Bu

tyla

teN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.6

Car

bary

lN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05N

.A.

Chl

oram

pN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05N

.A.

Chl

ord

ane

2.5

0.25

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Chr

ysen

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

470

N.A

.N

.A.

Cre

sols

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.70

0N

.A.

N.A

.

Cu

men

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

45

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Cya

nop

hos

(Cya

nox)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

4

Cyc

loat

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

8N

.A.

2,4-

DN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1N

.A.

2,4-

D a

mm

oniu

m s

alt

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.25

N.A

.

Dac

thal

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1

Dal

apon

sod

ium

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

p,p

'-DD

D1.

00.

1N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

p,p

'-DD

E1.

00.

1N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

p,p

'-DD

EN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

p,p

'-DD

T1.

00.

1N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1N

.A.

Des

met

ryn

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

6

Dia

zino

n (B

ausd

in)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.2

N.A

.

Dib

enzo

(a,h

)ant

hrac

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Dic

amba

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.25

N.A

.

46

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Dic

ofol

(Kel

than

e)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1.

0N

.A.

2,4-

Dic

hlor

ophe

nol

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.05

N.A

.

2,4-

Dic

hlor

ophe

noxy

ace

tic

acid

100

10N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Dic

hlor

vos

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1

Die

ldri

n8.

00.

8N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

1,4-

Dio

xane

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.5.

80-1

2.2

N.A

.N

.A.

Dih

ydro

hep

tach

lor

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

Dim

etho

ate

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.3

N.A

.

Din

obu

ton

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

1.0

N.A

.

Dio

xin

0.01

0.00

1N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Diu

ron

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

6

End

osu

lfan

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1

End

rin

0.2

0.02

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

EP

TC

(Ep

tam

)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

9N

.A.

47

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Eta

pho

sN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.1

Eth

ylen

edib

rom

ide

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

0000

6N

.A.

N.A

.

Fenu

ron

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

1.8

N.A

.

Flu

oran

then

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Flu

oren

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Folp

etN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.3

Form

ald

ehyd

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.7.

0N

.A.

Gly

pho

sate

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

HC

B (H

exac

hlor

oben

zene

)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Hep

tach

lor

4.7

0.47

N.A

.N

.A.

0.05

N.A

.

Hep

tach

lor

Ep

oxid

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Her

ban

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

7

Het

erop

hos

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.0

.05

N.A

.

Hex

achl

orob

uta

die

neN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

48

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Hex

achl

oroc

yclo

hexa

neN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1N

.A.

Ind

eno(

1,2,

3-cd

)pyr

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Kep

one

212.

1N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Lea

d c

omp

ound

s, o

rgan

ic13

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Len

acil

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1

Lin

dan

e4.

00.

4N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1N

.A.

Lin

uro

nN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1.

0N

.A.

Mal

athi

on (C

arbo

pho

s)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.2

N.A

.

Met

athi

one

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

1.0

N.A

.

Met

hap

hos

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.1

N.A

.

Met

hyle

thyl

keto

neN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

52N

.A.

N.A

.

Met

hoxy

chlo

r10

010

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Mir

ex21

2.1

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Mon

olin

uro

nN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.7

49

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Mon

uro

nN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.6

Nap

htha

lene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.5,

400

N.A

.N

.A.

Nit

rofo

rN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.2

PA

H's

(tot

al)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

PA

H's

(hig

h m

olec

ula

r w

t.)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

PA

H's

(low

mol

ecu

lar

wt.)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

PC

B (t

otal

)50

5.0

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Peb

ula

teN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.6

Pen

tach

loro

phe

nol

171.

7N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Per

met

hrin

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05

Phe

nath

rene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1,

870

N.A

.N

.A.

Phe

nazo

nN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.7

Phe

ntho

ate

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

4

Pho

salo

neN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

50

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Pho

spho

rou

s P

ento

xid

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.20

0N

.A.

Pht

halo

pho

sN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

1N

.A.

Pic

lora

mN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05N

.A.

Pir

imic

arb

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.3

N.A

.

Pir

imip

hos-

met

hyl

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

Pol

ychl

orop

inew

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

Pol

ytri

azin

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.01

N.A

.

Pro

met

rin

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

Pro

pan

idN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1.

5N

.A.

Pyr

ene

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Sim

azin

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

2N

.A.

Sola

nN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.6

2,3,

7,8

TC

DD

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

2,3,

7,8

TC

DF

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

51

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Ten

oran

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

4

Ter

baci

lN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.4

Tet

rach

lorv

inp

hos

(Gar

don

a)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1.

4N

.A.

Tol

uen

eN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

3N

.A.

Tox

aphe

ne5

0.5

N.A

.N

.A.

0.5

N.A

.

Tri

chlo

rfon

(C

hlor

opho

s)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.0.

5N

.A.

Tri

chlo

roet

hyle

ne2,

040

204

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

2,4,

5-T

rich

loro

phe

noxy

-

pro

pio

nic

acid

101.

0N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Tri

flu

ralin

(Tre

flan

)N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.1

Yal

anN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

0.9

Zin

ebN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1.

8N

.A.

INO

RG

AN

ICS

Ant

imon

y50

015

N.A

.N

.A.

4.5

N.A

.

Ars

enic

500

5.0

20N

.A.

2.0

N.A

.

52

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Asb

esto

s1.

0(as

%)

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Bar

ium

10,0

00b

100

400

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Ber

ylliu

m75

0.75

1N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Cad

miu

m10

01.

03

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Chr

omiu

m T

otal

N.A

.N

.A.

100

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.

Chr

omiu

m I

II2,

500

5N

.A.

N.A

.0.

05N

.A.

Chr

omiu

m V

I50

05

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Cob

alt

8,00

080

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Cop

per

2,50

025

170

N.A

.3.

0N

.A.

Flu

orid

e sa

lt18

,000

180

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Iron

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Lea

d1,

000

5.0

250-

1,00

0N

.A.

20.0

N.A

.

Man

gane

seN

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.1,

500

N.A

.

Mer

cury

200.

21

N.A

.2.

1N

.A.

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

53

Leg

end

:

aT

TL

C a

nd S

TL

C v

alue

s ar

e ca

lcul

ated

on

the

conc

entr

atio

ns o

f the

ele

men

ts—

not t

he c

ompo

und

s.b

Exc

lud

ing

bari

um s

ulfa

tes.

N.A

. — N

ot A

vaila

ble

Tab

le 5

—So

il C

riter

ia (c

ont

inue

d)

(va

lue

s in

mg

/kg

unl

ess

oth

erw

ise

no

ted

)

Cal

ifor

nia

Dep

artm

ent o

fN

ew Je

rsey

Dep

t. of

Ont

ario

, Can

ada'

sU

SSR

Sta

te C

omm

itte

e fo

r Sc

ienc

e an

dT

oxic

Su

bsta

nces

Con

trol

aE

nvir

onm

enta

lM

inis

try

of th

eT

echn

olog

yP

rote

ctio

nE

nvir

onm

ent

TT

LC

sST

LC

sG

uid

elin

es fo

rC

rite

ria

for

Pro

tect

ion

Allo

wab

le S

oil C

once

ntra

tion

s in

the

Form

er(w

et(m

g/L

)D

rink

ing

Wat

erof

Hu

man

Hea

lth

Sovi

et U

nion

wei

ght)

Pro

tect

ion

Max

imu

m A

llow

able

Ten

tati

ve A

llow

able

Con

cent

rati

ons

Con

cent

rati

ons

CO

NT

AM

INA

NT

Mol

ybd

enu

m3,

500

350

N.A

.N

.A.

N.A

.N

.A.

Nic

kel

2,00

020

100

N.A

.4.

0N

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54


55

Chapter 6California State WaterResources ControlBoard LeakingUnderground Fuel TankField ManualThe Leaking Underground Fuel Tank FieldManual was prepared by the State Water Re-sources Control Board in conjunction with theCalifornia Department of Health Services in aneffort to establish procedures for determiningwhether an underground storage fuel tank site isclean and safe, so as to protect public health andthe environment. It deals with gasoline anddiesel fuel products only, including: benzene,toluene, xylene, ethylene (BTX&E), and totalpetroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The manualprovides a guideline for determining site specificsoil cleanup levels for the protection of groundwater.

The soil cleanup levels were developed usingenvironmental fate and chemistry data forBTX&E. The site-specific cleanup levels arebased on several site features: depth to groundwater, subsurface fractures, precipitation, man-made conduits, and unique site-specific featuressuch as recharge area, coarse soil, nearby wells,etc. The guidelines are valid for soil concentra-tions below 100, 80, and 40 ppb for benzene,toluene, and xylene and ethylene, respectively.If soil concentrations exceed these values, analternative risk appraisal should be considered.

In addition to soil cleanup guidelines, the LUFTfield manual also provides criteria for hazardouswaste classification of contaminated soil. In the

56

past, DHS has set a TPH concentration of 1,000mg/kg in soil as a hazardous waste classificationcriterion. At this time, DHS is researching theissue with the objective of reassessing thisthreshold value. Until this issue is resolved, theLUFT Task Force recommends that a value of1,000 mg/kg TPH be used to classify soil as ahazardous waste until new criteria are set. ■

57

Chapter 7California State WaterResources ControlBoard SedimentQuality Objectives forEnclosed Bays andEstuaries of CaliforniaThe California State Water Resources ControlBoard is currently developing sediment qualityobjectives for enclosed bays and estuaries in theState of California. Information regarding theobjectives is in Workplan for the Development ofSediment Quality Objectives for Enclosed Baysand Estuaries of California. The purpose of thesediment quality objectives will be to protect thebeneficial uses of bays and estuaries from theadverse affects of toxic substances.

The approach is to bring several estimators ofsediment quality together into a single sedimentquality objective. The estimators of sedimentquality which will be used include the "Equilib-rium Partitioning Approach" from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, the "Appar-ent Effects Threshold Approach" developed foruse in Puget Sound, and the "Spiked BioassayApproach" used for general characterization oftoxicity responses. An uncertainty factor will beincorporated to account for any disagreement ofthe data. The combination of these three meth-ods balances the uncertainties and limitations ofany one method by incorporating the strengthsof the other two methods to produce a singlevalue.

58

For more information, contact Craig Wilson atthe State Water Resources Control Board, PostOffice Box 100, Sacramento, California 95812-0100; phone: (916) 657-1108. ■

59

Chapter 8California RegionalWater Quality ControlBoard San FranciscoBay Region TestingRequirements forWetland Creation andUpland BeneficialReuseThe California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard San Francisco Bay Region's documentSediment Screening Criteria and Testing Re-quirements for Wetland Creation and UplandBeneficial Reuse provides testing requirementsfor different dredge material disposal options.Each disposal option has specific dredged mate-rial testing requirements. Some testing require-ments are common to all disposal options. Alldredging projects are required to complete thetesting requirements contained in Public Notice92-7, "Interim Testing Procedures for EvaluatingDredged Material Disposal in San Francisco Bay"(USACOE/USEPA/SFBRWQCB/BCDC, 1992),except for the biological testing. Additionaltesting requirements for each disposal option arediscussed below.

Wetlands Creation CoverIn addition to the standard requirements, thefollowing tests shall be part of the dredgingprojects for Wetlands Creation Cover material:

■ 10-day solid phase bioassay test (ASTMMethod E1367-90)

60

■ Modified Waste Extraction Test (WET)procedure Title 22, Division 4.5, Chapter 11,Appendix II

Wetlands Creation NoncoverA leach test on the dredged material shall also bepart of the dredging projects proposed for Wet-lands Creation Noncover material. The leachtest employed should include procedures forleachate extraction under reduced as well asoxidized conditions.

Class III LandfillDredged material for disposal at a Class IIIlandfill has to meet the testing requirements andsediment screening criteria of the individuallandfill. One acceptable testing procedure is theRegional Water Control Board's DesignatedLevel Methodology. This methodology takesinto consideration the WET extractable concen-tration from the material and an attenuationfactor. The procedure is site and material spe-cific (see Chapter 9).

Class II LandfillDredged material proposed for disposal at aClass II landfill has to meet the testing require-ments of the individual landfill. In general, if amaterial fails to be accepted at a Class III landfilland is below the concentrations of a hazardouswaste, it is acceptable for disposal at a Class IIlandfill.

Class I LandfillDredged material proposed for disposal at aClass I landfill has to meet the testing require-ments of the individual landfill. In general, if amaterial contains concentrations greater thanthose listed in Title 22, Section 66699(a), then thematerial is hazardous and must be disposed of ata Class I facility.

Definition of Dredged Material as InertWasteDredged material will be considered inert wasteif the following criteria are met:

1. It has contaminant concentrations less thanthose listed for Wetlands Creation Covermaterial and it passes the 10-day solid-phasebioassay test;

or

2. It is within the concentrations for theWetlands Creation Noncover material, and itpasses the leach test.

Definitions relating to Class I, II, and III landfills,and inert waste are found in the California Codeof Regulations, Title 23, Division 3, Chapter 15.

For more information contact Karen Taberski,Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Fran-cisco Bay Region, 2101 Webster Street, Suite 500,Oakland, California 94612; phone (510) 286-1346.■

61

California RegionalWater Quality ControlBoard Central ValleyRegion DesignatedLevel MethodologyThe Regional Water Quality Control BoardCentral Valley Region's Designated Level Meth-odology for Waste Classification and CleanupLevel Determination establishes a method forclassifying wastes and determining the degree towhich a contaminated site should be cleaned orto which remedial action is necessary. Themethodology defines the lower boundary of the"designated waste" classification (Title 23, Cali-fornia Code of Regulations, Division 3, Chapter15 "Discharges of Waste to Land") by establish-ing "Designated Levels." These levels are con-centrations of waste constituents above which awaste is presumed to pose a threat to waterquality at the site being considered. Wastesclassified as "designated waste" are required tohave Class II containment. The DesignatedLevels can also be used to determine the neces-sity of cleanup or mitigative measures for waterquality protection at sites with soil contamina-tion.

Designated Levels are "measures of the mini-mum concentrations of waste constituentswhich, upon accounting for environmentalattenuation at the proposed site of discharge,have the potential to cause the water qualitygoals for the constituents to be equalled or ex-ceeded in ground and/or surface waters"(Marshack, 1989). The designated levels arebased on water quality goals and environmental

Chapter 9

62

attenuation factors. Water quality goals arenumerical parameters indicating the mandatedwater quality for the proposed site. In manycases, the background water quality is appropri-ate for water quality goals. In other cases, sev-eral water quality criteria and standards existthat are designed to protect a number of benefi-cial uses.

Environmental attenuation factors approximatethe degree of expected attenuation under reason-able worst-case conditions at the site. Severalcharacteristics influence the environmental fateof a constituent: Depth to ground water, netrecharge, characteristics of the vadose zone,pollutant characteristics, topography, etc. At-tenuation factors are derived using site andconstituent specific information. However, incases where resources may not permit a detailedenvironmental fate analysis, a "generic" environ-mental attenuation factor should be used. The"generic" environmental attenuation factor isbased on the degree of natural water qualityprotection, as seen in the following:

Degree of Water AttenuationQuality Protection Factor

Very Low 1Less than Average 1-10Average 100Very High* 1000

* also for constituents that are known to havea much greater than average degree ofenvironmental attenuation.

Two types of Designated Levels exist, theSoluble Designated Level and the Total Desig-nated Level. The Soluble Designated Level iscompared with extractable concentrations ofcontaminants in the solid waste. The extractable

concentrations are determined using the WETprocedure from Title 22, Division 4.5, Chapter11, Appendix II of the CCR. The Total Desig-nated Level is calculated for comparison withtotal constituent concentrations at the site. Themethods for determining Soluble DesignatedLevels and Total Designated Levels are givenbelow:

Soluble Designated Levels

NOTE: The factor of 10 represents the dilutionscaused by the WET procedure.

Total Designated LevelIn addition to the water quality goal and envi-ronmental attenuation factor, the Total Desig-nated Level takes another factor into consider-ation, the leachability factor. The leachabilityfactor is equal to the total constituent concentra-tion divided by the leachable constituent concen-tration.

NOTE: The Leachable Constituent Concentra-tion must be converted into mg/kg by multiply-ing by the dilution of the WET procedure.

In cases when information on the leachablefraction is unavailable, the leachability factormust be approximated. The recommended"generic" leachability factors are:

■ Volatile Organics—1 fold Leachability Factor

Soluble = Water x EnvironmentalDesignated Quality Attenuation/10Level for a Goal FactorConstituent of (mg/L)a Solid Waste(mg/L of WET extract)

Leachability Factor = Total Constituent Concentration Leachable Constituent Concentration

63

■ Organics—10 fold Leachability Factor■ Inorganics—100 fold Leachability Factor

The Total Designated Level for a constituent is:

The Regional Water Quality Control Boardprovides the following guidelines for comparingSoluble Designated Level and Total DesignatedLevel Results:

■ If the total concentration of a constituentof a solid waste equals or exceeds the TotalDesignated Level but the extractable concen-tration of the constituent does not exceed theSoluble Designated Level, the waste shouldnot be classified as a "designated waste,"since it is the extractable or soluble constitu-ent concentration that has the potential toadversely impact water quality.

■ If the total concentration of a constituentin a solid waste is less than ten times theSoluble Designated Level for the constituent,it would be unlikely for the extractable con-stituent concentration from the WET to equalor exceed the Soluble Designated Level,assuming sample homogeneity. Therefore,extraction testing would be unnecessary andthe waste would not be considered a "desig-nated waste."

The threat to water quality posed by constituentsof a contaminated soil is similar to the threat

posed by constituents of a solid waste in anunlined landfill or waste pile. Therefore, byderiving site-specific Designated Levels forconstituents of contaminated soils, the necessity

for cleanup or mitigativemeasures for water qualityprotection can be assessed.

For more information on theDesignated Level Methodol-ogy, contact Jon Marshack atthe Central Valley RegionalWater Quality Control Board,3443 Routier Road, Suite A,

Rancho Cordova, California 95827-3098; phone:(916) 255-3123. ■

Total Designated Soluble Designated Level Leachability Level (mg/kg) = (mg/L of WET extract) x Factor x 10

or

Total Designated Water Environmental Leachability Level (mg/kg) = Quality x Attenuation x Factor

Goal Factor

64


65

Chapter 10U.S. EnvironmentalProtection AgencyAcid Volatile SulfideMethodologyThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency iscurrently developing a methodology for deter-mining sediment criteria for divalent cationicmetal contaminants in anoxic sediments. Themethod focuses on the role solid phase sulfidesplay in controlling the bioavailability of toxicmetals.

EPA's Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) method mea-sures the amount of reactive solid phase sulfides.These sulfides are available to bind with metalssuch as nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, andmercury. Cold hydrochloric acid is added to thesample causing the reactive solid phase sulfidesto volatilize and form hydrogen sulfide gas(H2S). The H2S is trapped and the amount ofsulfide is measured. The sulfides that volatilizeare called Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS).

The addition of acid to the sample also results inthe solubilization of metals from less solublesulfides. These metals are defined as Simulta-neously Extracted Metals (SEM).

The relative amounts of AVS and SEM are im-portant in the prediction of potential metalbioavailability. If SEMs are found in excess ofthe AVSs, the toxic metals in the sample arepotentially bioavailable. On the other hand, ifAVSs are greater than SEMs, the toxic metal isbound to sulfide and is not bioavailable. Mostfreshwater and marine sediments contain highenough AVS concentrations to have a significant

66

effect on the bioavailability of toxic metals.

It is anticipated that the methodology will beused to define contaminated sediment accordingto the following ratios:

SEM/AVS < 1 Sediment Not ContaminatedSEM/AVS > 1 Sediment Potentially

Contaminated (other bind-ing factors may apply iftoxicity is not observed)

If sediment is determined to be contaminated, anappropriate program strategy for contaminatedsediments must be followed. It should be notedthat this method does not yet account forbioaccumulation.

The AVS methodology is anticipated to be pre-sented to the Science Advisory Board (SAB) inthe fall of 1994. SAB is a senior scientific panelof nationally recognized experts EPA employs toreview new scientific approaches. In addition tothe current AVS methodology, a secondaryfactor relating to the organic carbon concentra-tion in sediment is being incorporated.

For more information, contact Mary Reiley at theEnvironmental Protection Agency, Office ofScience and Technology, 400 M Street, S.W.,#4304, Washington, DC 20460; phone: (202)260-9456. ■

67

Historical TributyltinDataTributyltin (TBT), an anti-fouling paint for boats,is a widespread contaminant of marine and freshwater habitats in California. Once TBT entersthe water, it has been found to accumulate insediments. Once in the sediments, TBT degradesto dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT).Currently no sediment criteria exist for TBT.However, some accumulated data can be used toassess ranges of concentrations. These data arelisted in Table 6 (on page 74) and are explainedbelow.

In 1986, the State Water Resources ControlBoard's Priority Chemical program conducted awater and sediment sampling project. Sampleswere collected from San Diego Bay to as farnorth as Crescent City, California and in theSacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Sites were se-lected both within and away from high-densitypleasure and fishing craft areas in order to showa potential gradient of TBT use.

In 1986-87, the U.S. Navy studied total butyl tinconcentrations in 15 harbors. The sample siteswere separated into naval, commercial, andecological habitat.

In 1992, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineerssampled sediments near Alcatraz, California inan attempt to determine reference or back-ground concentrations of several constituents inthe area. Five separate sample sites were se-lected.

Canada is the only country outside of the U.S.known to have reported data on TBT concentra-tions in sediment. In 1982, a study of TBT con-centrations in the water and sediment of lakes,rivers, and harbors of Ontario was conducted.Samples were collected from 24 sites. ■

Chapter 11

68

Table 6—Butyltin Historical Sediment Data

Legend:

N.A. — Not AvailableN.D. — Not Detected

Study Sample Site TBT DBT MBT Total BT

(ppb, dry weight)

SWRCB CA Coastal and Delta Waters 0.23-23 0.26-27 0.36-60 N.A.

U.S. Navy Mare Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Naval N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.6

Commercial N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.7

Ecological Habitat N.A. N.A. N.A. 3.5

San Diego N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Naval N.A. N.A. N.A. 87

Commercial N.A. N.A. N.A. 178

Ecological Habitat N.A. N.A. N.A. 9.1

U.S. Army Battelle, Jan 92 N.D. 0.6 1.0 N.A.Corps ofEngineers

Battelle, Jun 92 N.D. N.D. 1.1 N.A.

Battelle, Sept 92 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.A.

Oakland berths 7, 8, 9 & 25 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1 N.A.

Port of SF Berth 35E <1.3 <1.3 <1.3 N.A.

Canada Ontario 30-540 9-350 14-580 N.A.

69

Beyer, W.N. 1990. Evaluating Soil Contamina-tion. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Biological Report 90(2). 25 pp.

California State Water Resources Control Board.1988. Tributyltin: A California WaterQuality Assessment. Report No.88-12. 181 pp.

Committee on Industrial Site Decommissioning,Industrial Programs Branch. 1987. SoilCleanup Criteria for DecommissioningIndustrial Sites in Ontario, 46 pp. (Ascited in Biological Report 90[2]).

Long, E.R, MacDonald, D.D., Smith, S.L., Calder,F.D. 1994. Incidence of Adverse Biologi-cal Effects within Ranges of ChemicalConcentrations in Marine and EstuarineSediments. Environmental Management.Publication pending.

Long, E.R., Morgan, L.G. 1991. The Potentialfor Biological Effects of Sediment-SorbedContaminants Tested in the NationalStatus and Trends Program. NationalOceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationTechnical Memorandum NOS OMA 52.175 pp.

Lorenzato, S.G., Wilson, C.J. 1991. Workplan forthe Development of Sediment QualityObjectives for Enclosed Bays and Estuar-ies of California. California State WaterResources Control Board. 25 pp.

MacDonald, D.D. 1993. Development of anApproach to the Assessment of SedimentQuality in Florida Coastal Waters. Pre-pared for the Florida Department ofEnvironmental Regulation. MacDonaldEnvironmental Services, Ltd. Ladysmith,BC. 133 pp.

Marshack, J.B. 1989. The Designated LevelMethodology for Waste Classificationand Cleanup Level Determination. Cali-fornia Regional Water Quality ControlBoard Staff Report. 59 pp.

Bibliography

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New Jersey Department of Environmental Pro-tection, Division of Waste Management.1987. Guidelines for the New JerseyCleanup Responsibility Act. (As cited inBiological Report 90[2]).

Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., Hayton, H. 1992.Guidelines for the Protection and Man-agement of Aquatic Sediment Quality inOntario. Ontario Ministry of the Environ-ment, Water Resources Branch. Report.23 pp.

Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., Hayton, H. 1993.Guidelines for the Protection and Man-agement of Aquatic Sediment Quality inOntario, Revised. Ontario Ministry of theEnvironment, Water Resources Branch.Report. 6 pp.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1993. PublicNotice 93-2, Testing Guidelines forDredged Material Disposal atSan Francisco Bay Sites. 13 pp.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, US Environmen-tal Protection Agency, San Francisco BayRegional Water Quality Control Board,San Francisco Bay Conservation andDevelopment Commission (USACOE/USEPA/SFBRWQCB/BCDC). 1992.Public Notice 92-7, Interim Testing Proce-dures for Evaluating Dredged MaterialDisposal in San Francisco Bay. 13 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Draft Analytical Method for Determina-tion of Acid Volatile Sulfide in Sediment.18 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Acenaphthene. Draft Report.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Dieldrin. Draft Report.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Endrin. Draft Report.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Fluoranthene. Draft Report.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Phenanthrene. Draft Report.

USSR State Committee for Science and Technol-ogy. 1984. Maximum Allowable Concen-trations and Tentative Safe ExposureLevels of Harmful Substances in theEnvironmental Media. United NationsEnvironment Programme, Centre ofInternational Projects, 114 pp. (As cited inBiological Report 90[2]).

Washington Administrative Code, Chapter 173-204. 1991. Sediment Management Stan-dards. 61 pp.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.1985. Report of the Technical Subcommit-tee on Determination of Dredge MaterialSuitability for in Water Disposal. (Ascited in Biological Report 90[2]).

Wolfenden, J.D., Carlin, M.P. 1992. InterimSediment Screening Criteria and TestingRequirements for Wetland Creation andUpland Beneficial Reuse. CaliforniaRegional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region. 19 pp.

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