Competitive Uptake of Plutonium and Iron in...
Transcript of Competitive Uptake of Plutonium and Iron in...
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Competitive Uptake of
Plutonium and Iron in Corn
(Zea mays)
Stephanie HoelblingF. Molz, N. Tharayil, B. Powell, and N. MartinezGraduate Research Assistant
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Introduction
• Interested in the plant mechanisms that influence iron
uptake, and subsequently plutonium uptake
• Two applications
– Phytoremediation
– Nuclear forensics/monitoring
Letsgarden.info Ec.Europa.eu
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Introduction
• Iron is an essential nutrient for plants
• Pu is of concern due to the long-term
environmental and health concerns
• Is plutonium taken up through the same plant
pathway as iron?
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Introduction
• Corn species of interest
– Trucker’s Favorite
– Yellow Stripe 1 (YS1)
• If YS1 uptakes Pu, then the Pu/Fe pathway is
different.
Trucker’s
Favorite YS1
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Introduction• Initial experiments compare Pu(DFOB) and 59Fe(DFOB) corn
uptake
• Conducted two experiments: One compared plant uptake of
~37kBq Pu(DFOB) and ~37kBq of Fe(DFOB). The other compared
plant uptake of ~37kBq Pu(DFOB) and either 0 or 10x Fe
concentration found in nutrient solution
• Experiment 1:
More 59Fe activity was found in the shoots than Pu
More Pu was found in the roots than Fe
• Experiment 2:
Differences in iron concentrations
had no effect on Pu uptake
0
10
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0 10 20 30 40
Shoot
Length
(cm
)
Concentration (Bq/g)
Plant B Pu Plant B Fe
Soil
HP
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Hydroponic Solution and Foliar Fertilization
• Hydroponic nutrient (HP)
solution
– Allows nutrient control
• Foliar Fertilization
– Two different types of
foliar fertilization (FF)
techniques were
attempted
• Type 1: Hydroponic
nutrient solution
containing FeCl3
• Type 2: FeCl3 with DDI
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Overall Experimental Setup
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Analysis Methods
Harvest
Dry
Ash
Digest
Analyze
•Roots and shoots
•Cut, separate, and weigh
•Dry in oven at 50ºC for 72 hours
•Reweigh
•Determine moisture content
•Ash at 450ºC for 4 hours
•Microwave digestion using nitric
acid
• ICP-MS
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Trial Experiments• Four trial experiments
– Trucker’s Favorite corn strain
– Two different types of HP solution: one with FeCl3and one without FeCl3
– Observe corn growth in presence and absence of iron
– Establish foliar fertilization techniques
• The control group and FF spray group should produce
similar results
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Trial Experiments
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Trial Experiments
• Corn was grown for 7 days once placed in HP solutions
• Roots and shoots were measured every day
• After 7 days, roots and shoots were cut, separated, and
dried
• Plant tissues will be digested
• Will be analyzed via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for magnesium, potassium,
calcium, iron, and molybdenum
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Trial Experiments - Results
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0 2 4 6 8 10
Gro
wth
(cm
)
Time (days)
FF Type 1 FF Type 2
• FF type 1: FeCl3 Hydroponic spray
• FF type 2: 2x FeCl3 + DDI
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Trial Experiments - Results
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Planned Experiments
• Each experiment conducted twice: once with DFOB in
solution and once with citric acid in solution
– Comparison of two ligands
• Two citrate experiments were conducted based on
modeling
• 40 Bq/mL Pu-239
0E+00
2E-01
4E-01
6E-01
8E-01
1E+00
1E+00
0 E+00 1 E+06 2 E+06 3 E+06 4 E+06Fra
cti
on o
f Pu in P
hase
Citrate/Pu Molar Ratio
Fraction of Soluble Pu Fraction of Precipitated Pu
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Citrate ExperimentsFirst round results:
106 [Pu]
104 [Pu]
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Citrate ExperimentsSecond round results:
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Media
n G
row
th (
cm
)
Time (days)
Median Root Growth
Control 10[Pu] 100[Pu] 1000[Pu]
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Media
n G
row
th (
cm
)
Time (days)
Median Shoot Growth
Control 10[Pu] 100[Pu] 1000[Pu]
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Planned Experiments
• Each experiment conducted twice: once with DFOB in
solution and once with citric acid in solution
– Comparison of two ligands
• 4 rounds per experiment:
Round 1 No plutonium
Round 2 High Pu/Low Fe ratio
Round 3 High Pu/High Fe ratio
Round 4 Low Pu/High Fe ratio
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Round 1
No plutonium
Round 2 High Pu/Low Fe ratio
Planned Experiments
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0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0 5 10
Gro
wth
(cm
)
Days
Median Shoot Growth
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
0 5 10G
row
th (
cm
)
Days
Median Root Growth
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Future Work
• U238, Np237, Th232 experiments
• Continue to digest and analyze Trial Experiment corn
• Continue primary experiment rounds
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Acknowledgments
Student and project funding provided by the United States Nuclear
Regulatory Commission Nuclear Education Grant #NRC-HQ-13-G-38-
0002.
I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Molz for providing preliminary
data, Dr. Powell for modeling assistance, and Dawn Montgomery and
Nate Conroy for their laboratory assistance.
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References
Garland, T. R., Cataldo, D. A., Wildung, R. E. (1981). "Absorption,
Transport, and Chemical Fate of Plutonium in Soybean Plants." Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 29(5): 915-920.
“Improvement of Uncertainty Measurements in Nuclear Forensics.” ec.Europa.eu. European
Commission. 1 July 2015.
Lee, J. H., Hossner, L. R., Attrep, M., Kung, K. S. (2002). "Uptake and
translocation of plutonium in two plant species using hydroponics."
Environmental Pollution 117(1): 61-68.
“Phytoremediation.” letsgarden.info. Web. 1 July 2015.
Thompson, S.W., 2010. Mobility of Plutonium in Zea mays (Corn): Determination of Transport
Velocities, Spatial Distribution, and Correlations with Iron. Dissertation. Clemson University,
Clemson, SC.