Comparisons of type I and type II diabetes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume...
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Camp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 84A, No. 4, pp. 789-790, 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Printed in Great Britain BOOK EndoeytosisEdited by I. PASTAN and M. C. WILLINGHAM. 326 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $42.50. Cells are able to regulate the entry of substrates. The cell surface has receptors often clustered in groups that look like coated pits under EM. There are 500-1000 coated pits per cultured cell and they occupy about 1% of the cell surface. The ligands bind to the receptors on the coated pit and are then internalized as a receptorsome or endosome and trans- ported to the Golgi system. There is a relationship between the ligand concentration and the number of receptors on the cell’s membrane. This multi-author volume discusses: the pathway of endocytosis; receptors; hepatic receptors for asialoglycoproteins; clathrin coated membranes; transferrin receptor mediated endocytosis; IgA and galactose specific pathways; toxins; acidification of endosomes and lysosomes; mathematical modeling of receptor mediated endocytosis; and endocytosis in cultured cells. The reviews are clearly written, well illustrated, with good bibliographies and pro- vide a valuable contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of cell activity. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume 188 Somatostatin.-Edited by Y. C. PATEL and G. S. TANNENBAUM.524 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $75. The major form of somatostatin (SS) is the 14 amino acid (AA) peptide that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, insulin and glucagon. It is synthesized by many tissues including the brain, hypothalamus and pancreatic islets. There is a 28 AA form (SS28) and SS14 and SS18 are made from prepro-somatostatin which is a signal hydrophobic peptide of 20-25 AA followed by a proregion of 8&100 AA. This multi-authored symposium discusses: the synthesis of SS; its processing into the smaller peptides; its synthesis and role in the brain, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract and tumors and the mechanisms of action of SS and its analogues. Comparisons of type I and type II diabetes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume 189 -Edited by M. VRANIC, C. H. HOLLENBERG and G. STEINER. 351 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. S55. Type I diabetes starts in childhood with the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. The patient shows insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM) is as- sociated with ageing, overnutrition and diminished exercise. The genetic susceptibility to IDDM is mainly on the short arm of chromosome 6 within the HLA gene locus. IDDM is unknown or rare amongst the Japanese, Indians, Chinese, Eskimos and Polynesians. There are other groups of di- abetics such as: (a) gestational diabetics where glucose intolerance develops during pregnancy; (b) those with glu- cose levels between normal and diabetic due to impaired glucose tolerance; and (c) those with transient hyper- glyciemias. In the overnight-fasted individual, glucose up- take is primarily by the brain, blood cells, peripheral nerve and renal medulla, all of which have glucose uptake that is not insulin-sensitive. The level of glucose in the body is set by the blood sugar level, insulin and the liver, and it is likely that in type II diabetics the liver sets the blood sugar level too high. There are millions of inactive, obese middle-age REVIEWS people who do not have type II diabetes, and whose beta cells are able to secrete 20&300 units of insulin a day and overcome their tissues’ insulin insensitivity and so achieve normal glucose homeostasis. This is discussed in the present multi-authored volume which also gives details of the genetics and immunology, the pathophysiology and meta- bolic abnormalities and the complications found in type I and type II diabetics. Parentera quality COI~OI-MICHAEL J. AKERS. 253 pp. 1985. Dekker, New York. $55 (USA and Canada), $66 (elsewhere). When solutions and drugs are to be injected or perfused into the body it is important that the solutions are (1) sterile, (2) free from pyrogens and (3) free from particulate matter. This volume gives full practical details of the methodology and the equipment used to make sure of these three points. The test procedures and the quality control tests are fully given. For example, there are different methods used to check the solution in ampuls to see that they are particle- free. When direct visual inspection was compared with an automated optical machine test it was found that the machine rejected 93% of faulty ampuls whilst direct vision rejected only 54%. This book will be very valuable to all those involved in the production of drugs and solution used in parenteral injection and also for those interested in the problems of checking and analyzing for sterility. Ion measurements in physiology and medicine-Edited by M. KESSLER, D. K. HARRISON and J. HOPER. 336 pp. 1985. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. DM 120. Soft cover. Electrodes have been developed so that specialized elec- trodes will measure pH, oxygen, potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, chloride, copper, bicarbonate, glucose, SHT, dopamine, etc. The recent developments have been to make the electrodes more selective to a specific ligand and to develop complex electrodes using bound enzymes for given substrates. The present volume contains published papers from an international meeting held in Germany and provides an excellent account of the present uses of extracellular and intracellular ion electrodes. Neuroendocrine correlates of strew-Edited by K. W. MCKERNS and V. PANTIC. 345 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $52.50. The volume contains edited papers presented at the twelth meeting of the International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology. Different types of stressing agents are con- sidered (immunological, temperature, immobilization, exer- cise, pre- and post-natal condition, acupuncture, spinal section and opioid peptides) on neurotransmitters, releasing factors and hormonal systems. The volume will be of interest to those working on parameters associated with stress. It would be more helpful to the general reader if the editors could have written a general introductory chapter indicating the new developments that have taken place and what important questions remain to be answered. Perhaps this can be done for the next publication. 789
Transcript of Comparisons of type I and type II diabetes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume...
Camp. Biochem. Physiol. Vol. 84A, No. 4, pp. 789-790, 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Printed in Great Britain
BOOK
EndoeytosisEdited by I. PASTAN and M. C. WILLINGHAM. 326 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $42.50.
Cells are able to regulate the entry of substrates. The cell surface has receptors often clustered in groups that look like coated pits under EM. There are 500-1000 coated pits per cultured cell and they occupy about 1% of the cell surface. The ligands bind to the receptors on the coated pit and are then internalized as a receptorsome or endosome and trans- ported to the Golgi system. There is a relationship between the ligand concentration and the number of receptors on the cell’s membrane. This multi-author volume discusses: the pathway of endocytosis; receptors; hepatic receptors for asialoglycoproteins; clathrin coated membranes; transferrin receptor mediated endocytosis; IgA and galactose specific pathways; toxins; acidification of endosomes and lysosomes; mathematical modeling of receptor mediated endocytosis; and endocytosis in cultured cells. The reviews are clearly written, well illustrated, with good bibliographies and pro- vide a valuable contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of cell activity.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume 188 Somatostatin.-Edited by Y. C. PATEL and G. S. TANNENBAUM. 524 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $75.
The major form of somatostatin (SS) is the 14 amino acid (AA) peptide that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, insulin and glucagon. It is synthesized by many tissues including the brain, hypothalamus and pancreatic islets. There is a 28 AA form (SS28) and SS14 and SS18 are made from prepro-somatostatin which is a signal hydrophobic peptide of 20-25 AA followed by a proregion of 8&100 AA. This multi-authored symposium discusses: the synthesis of SS; its processing into the smaller peptides; its synthesis and role in the brain, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract and tumors and the mechanisms of action of SS and its analogues.
Comparisons of type I and type II diabetes. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Volume 189 -Edited by M. VRANIC, C. H. HOLLENBERG and G. STEINER. 351 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. S55.
Type I diabetes starts in childhood with the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. The patient shows insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM) is as- sociated with ageing, overnutrition and diminished exercise. The genetic susceptibility to IDDM is mainly on the short arm of chromosome 6 within the HLA gene locus. IDDM is unknown or rare amongst the Japanese, Indians, Chinese, Eskimos and Polynesians. There are other groups of di- abetics such as: (a) gestational diabetics where glucose intolerance develops during pregnancy; (b) those with glu- cose levels between normal and diabetic due to impaired glucose tolerance; and (c) those with transient hyper- glyciemias. In the overnight-fasted individual, glucose up- take is primarily by the brain, blood cells, peripheral nerve and renal medulla, all of which have glucose uptake that is not insulin-sensitive. The level of glucose in the body is set by the blood sugar level, insulin and the liver, and it is likely that in type II diabetics the liver sets the blood sugar level too high. There are millions of inactive, obese middle-age
REVIEWS
people who do not have type II diabetes, and whose beta cells are able to secrete 20&300 units of insulin a day and overcome their tissues’ insulin insensitivity and so achieve normal glucose homeostasis. This is discussed in the present multi-authored volume which also gives details of the genetics and immunology, the pathophysiology and meta- bolic abnormalities and the complications found in type I and type II diabetics.
Parentera quality COI~OI-MICHAEL J. AKERS. 253 pp. 1985. Dekker, New York. $55 (USA and Canada), $66 (elsewhere).
When solutions and drugs are to be injected or perfused into the body it is important that the solutions are (1) sterile, (2) free from pyrogens and (3) free from particulate matter. This volume gives full practical details of the methodology and the equipment used to make sure of these three points. The test procedures and the quality control tests are fully given. For example, there are different methods used to check the solution in ampuls to see that they are particle- free. When direct visual inspection was compared with an automated optical machine test it was found that the machine rejected 93% of faulty ampuls whilst direct vision rejected only 54%. This book will be very valuable to all those involved in the production of drugs and solution used in parenteral injection and also for those interested in the problems of checking and analyzing for sterility.
Ion measurements in physiology and medicine-Edited by M. KESSLER, D. K. HARRISON and J. HOPER. 336 pp. 1985. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. DM 120. Soft cover.
Electrodes have been developed so that specialized elec- trodes will measure pH, oxygen, potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, chloride, copper, bicarbonate, glucose, SHT, dopamine, etc. The recent developments have been to make the electrodes more selective to a specific ligand and to develop complex electrodes using bound enzymes for given substrates. The present volume contains published papers from an international meeting held in Germany and provides an excellent account of the present uses of extracellular and intracellular ion electrodes.
Neuroendocrine correlates of strew-Edited by K. W. MCKERNS and V. PANTIC. 345 pp. 1985. Plenum Press, New York. $52.50.
The volume contains edited papers presented at the twelth meeting of the International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology. Different types of stressing agents are con- sidered (immunological, temperature, immobilization, exer- cise, pre- and post-natal condition, acupuncture, spinal section and opioid peptides) on neurotransmitters, releasing factors and hormonal systems. The volume will be of interest to those working on parameters associated with stress. It would be more helpful to the general reader if the editors could have written a general introductory chapter indicating the new developments that have taken place and what important questions remain to be answered. Perhaps this can be done for the next publication.
789
