Comparison: drainage pipes

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ADVANTAGESOF POLYETHYLENE PIPES COMPARED TO PVC PIPES

The main advantages and improvements in drainage networks that will be obtained by the use of PE MAGNUM pipes, in comparison to PVC pipes are:

1. Lighter weight and greater flexibility of PE pipes compared to those of PVC are advantages that contribute to increasing assembly output. This translates into lesser duration of installation works, which will allow for a significant reduction in associated social costs in the works, as well as the reduction of workplace risks at worksites.

2. The abrasion resistance of MAGNUM PE pipes is double that of PVC pipes. The phenomenon of abrasion causes erosion due to friction with solid particles on the pipe walls, reducing their thickness. This is therefore a phenomenon that directly influences the durability of the pipes: the higher the abrasion resistance, the greater the durability of the drainage network.

3. One of the greatest drawbacks of PVC pipes is the low environmental compatibility of this chemical compound. The difficulty in recycling PVC waste, the problems in managing PVC materials on completing its useful life, the emission of toxic substances in case of fire and other environmental problems in general lead every year to more councils deciding to limit the use of PVC in the construction sector.

4. The resistance to the action of chemical agents of PVC pipes is much more limited than that of PE pipes. The high resistance

of MAGNUM pipes to chemical action makes it particularly suitable for civil and industrial drainage applications.

For more information please consult the rest of this brochure or contact our Head Office for further assistance.

COMPREHENSIVE ADVANTAGES OF POLYETHYLENE PIPES COMPARED TO PVC PIPES

1. LIGHTER WEIGHT .............................................................................................................................................. 3

2. GREATER IMPACT RESISTANCE ....................................................................................................................... 4

3. GREATER FLEXIBILITY ...................................................................................................................................... 5

4. SIMILAR HYDRAULIC CAPACITY (similar roughness) ....................................................................................... 7

5. RANGE OF DIAMETERS .................................................................................................................................... 8

6. RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS ............................................................................................................. 9

7. LONG-TERM DEFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 12

8. GREATER ABRASION RESISTANCE ................................................................................................................ 13

9. REDUCTION OF WORKPLACE RISKS ........................................................................................................... 14

10. ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY ............................................................................................................................. 14

11. EUROPEAN CITIES WITHOUT PVC: A “CONTAGIOUS” EUROPEAN INITIATIVE. ...................................................... 15

ManufacturingStandards

PVC Pipe HDPE Corrugated Pipe

SABS1602 (Structured profile)SANS 791 (Smooth profile)

SANS 21138-3 (Structured profile)

SANS 21138-3“Pipeline systems in thermoplastic materials for buried drainage without pressure. Pipeline systems with structured Poly (chloro vinyl) non-laminated (PVC-U) wall, polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE). Part 1. Specifications for pipes, accessories and the system”.

SANS 791“Pipeline systems in plastic materials for buried drainage without pressure. Unlaminated poly (chloro vinyl) (PVC-U). Part 1: Specifications for pipes, accessories and the system”.

HDPE pipes are certified by a Workplace Safety System based on the OHSAS 18001:1999 standard. (ECA Certificate N°052/SE/01/05).

HDPE pipes are certified by an Environment Management System, based on the ISO 14001:2004 standard (ECA Certification No. 579/MA/11/04).

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PVC heavy duty HDPE heavy duty

Smooth profile class 34 Corruguted profile SN8

Ext. Diam Int. Diam KG/mt Ext. Diam Int. Diam KG/mt

160 151 3.70 160 138 1.3

200 188 5.80 200 172 1.9

230 200 2.6

250 235 9.10 250 218 2.9

291 250 3.9

315 297 14.40 315 272 4.3

353 300 5.3

355 334 18.30

400 377 23.36 400 347 6.6

412 350 7

472 400 9

450 424 29.50

500 471 36.40 500 433 11.5

630 593 58.00 630 535 18

800 678 27

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HDPE Pipes subjected to extreme impact.

PVC Pipes subjected to extreme impact.

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SMOOTH PVC CORRUGATED PVC MAGNUM CORRUGATED PE

Samples of smooth PVC, corrugated PVC and corrugated PE, before being subjected to a flexibility test

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State of samples on completing the 70% deformation test.

State of samples 24 hours after having completed the 70% deformation test.

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4. HYDRAULIC CAPACITY

POLYETHYLENE AND PVC PIPES

AT EQUAL INTERNAL DIAMETERS

EQUAL FLOW VOLUME AND RATE

Hydraulic advantages deriving from the low roughness coefficient:

• Increase in flow rate, which is particularly useful in low gradient terrain.

• Possibility of satisfying the maximum project volume (Qmax) with a noticeably lower pipe filling degree.

• Possibility of recalculating the dimensions of the project pipelines with HDPE or PVC pipes of lower internal diameter, without

reaching an excessive filling degree.

• The low friction coefficient greatly reduces sedimentation, embedding and depositing of materials in the pipe interior, with

the resulting reduction in maintenance costs of drainage networks and ease of “self-cleaning”, besides maintaining its

section

HYDRAULIC CALCULATION METHOD

PVC FRICTION COEFFICIENT

PE FRICTION COEFFICIENT

Gauckler-Strickler 95 95

Manning 0.011 0.011

Kutter 0.12 0.12

Bazin 0.06 0.06

POLYETHYLENE AND PVC PIPES

AT EQUAL INTERNAL DIAMETERS

EQUAL FLOW VOLUME AND RATE

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PVC HDPE

CORRUGATE PROFILE PVC SMOOTH PROFILE PVC CORRUGATED PROFILE MAGNUM

External Ø DN/OD (mm) External Ø DN/OD (mm) External Ø DN/OD (mm)

160 160 160

200 200 200

250 250 250

315 315 315

355 355 350

400 400 400

450 450 472

500 500 500

- - 575

630 630 630

- - 700

- - 800

- - 935

- - 1000

- - 1200

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TABLE SHOWING RESISTENCE OF POLYETHYLENE AND PVC TO THE ACTION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS

Chemical product ConcentrationPVC temperature PE temperature20°C 60°C 20°C 60°C

Oils and fats - S S S L

Acetaldehyde 100% NS NS S L

Amyl acetate 100% NS NS S L

Ethyl acetate 100% NS NS S NS

Lead acetate Dil. Sol. S S S S

Lead acetate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Acetone 100% NS NS L L

Glacial acetic acid 96% NS NS S L

Adipic acid Sat. Sol. S L S S

Arsenic acid Sat. Sol. S L S S

Benzoic acid Sat. Sol. L NS S S

Boric acid Dil. Sol. S L S S

Bromic acid 10% S - S S

Butyric acid 20% S L S S

Butyric acid 98% NS NS S L

Citric acid Sat. Sol. S S S S

Chloroacetic acid Sol. S L S S

Chromic acid 20% S L S L

Fluorosilic acid 40% S S S S

Formic acid From 1 to 50% S L S S

Glycolic acid 30% S S S S

Hydrobromic acid 50% S L S S

Hydrochloric acid 20% S L S S

Hydrofluoric acid 40% L NS S S

Hydrofluoric acid 60% L NS S L

Lactic acid From 10 to 90% L NS S S

Maleic acid Sat. Sol. S L S S

Refer to legend on page 12

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Nicotine acid Dil. Sol. S S S -

Nitric acid < 45% S L S S

Nitric acid From 50 to 98% NS NS NSS NS

Oleic acid 100% S S S L

Orthophosphoric acid < 30% S S S S

Orthophosposric acid > 30% S L S L

Oxalic acid Sat. Sol. S S S S

Chromic acid Sat. Sol. S S S -

Sulfuric acid From 40 to 90% S L S S

Sulfuric acid 96% L NS S NS

Tannic acid Sol. S S S S

Tartaric acid Sol. S S S S

Water - S S S S

Amyl alcohol 100% S L S L

Liquid ammonia 100% L NS S S

Aqueous ammonia Dil. Sol. S L S S

Dry ammonia gas 100% S S S S

Acetic Anhydride 100% NS NS S L

Aniline 100% NS NS S L

Benzene 100% NS NS L L

Benzaldehyde 100% NS NS S L

Sodium benzoate 35% S L S S

Borax Sat. Sol. S L S S

Liquid bromide 100% NS NS NS NS

Potassium bromide Sat. Sol. S S S S

Butane gas 100% S - S S

Butanol 100% S L S S

Beer - S S S S

Potassium cyanide Sol. S S S S

Cyclohexanol 100% NS NS S S

Cyclohexanol 100% NS NS S L

Sodium chlorate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Dry chlorine gas 100% L NS L NS

Aluminum chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Ammonium chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Calcium chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Zinc chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Copper chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Tin chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Iron chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S


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Magnesium chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Potassium chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Sodium chloride Sat. Sol. S S S S

Potassium chromate 40% S S S S

Dextrine Sat. Sol. S L S S

Diethyl ether 100% NS - L -

Dry sulfur dioxide 100% S S S S

Dry carbon dioxide 100% S S S S

Carbon disulfate 100% NS NS L NS

Ethanol 40% S L S L

Phenol Sol. NS NS S S

Ammonium fluoride 20% S L S S

Formaldehyde Dil. Sol. S L S S

Formaldehyde 40% S S S S

Gasoline - S S S L

Glycerin 100% S S S S

Glucose Sat. Sol. S L S S

Hydrogen 100% S S S S

Potassium hydroxide Sol. S S S S

Sodium hydroxide Sol. S S S S

Sodium Hypochlorite 15% Cl S L S S

Milk - S S S S

Yeast Sol. S L S S

Molasses Sol. S L S S

Methanol 100% S L S S

Ammonium nitrate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Calcium nitrate 50% S S S S

Silver nitrate Sat. Sol. S L S S

Potassium nitrate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Oxygen 100% S S S L

Ozone 100% S S L NS

Potassium permanganate 20% S S S S

Hydrogen peroxide 30% S S S S

Potassium persulfate Sat. Sol. S L S S

Pyridine 100% NS S L

Photographic developers Sol. S S S S

Aluminum sulfate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Ammonium sulfate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Copper sulfate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Nickel sulfate Sat. Sol. S S S S


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Sodium sulfate Sat. Sol. S S S S

Hydrogen sulfate 100% S S S S

Carbon tetrachloride 100% NS NS L NS

Toluene 100% NS NS L NS

Trichloroethylene 100% NS NS NS NS

Urea 10% S L S S

Vinegar - S S S S

Wine - S S S S

Xylol 100% NS NS L NS

Phenol Sol. NS NS S S

Ammonium fluoride 20% S L S S

S Satisfactory Sol. Aqueous solution at a concentration higher than 10 %, but not saturated.

L Limited Sol. Ind. Aqueous solution at a concentration normally used in industrial applications

NS Not satisfactory Sol. Dil. Diluted aqueous solution at a concentration not higher than 10 %.

Sat. Sol. Aqueous saturated solution, prepared at 20°C

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8. ABRASION RESISTENCE

Abrasion resistance is resistance to friction with particles such as gravel, sand, mud, etc., which may be present in the fluid transported through the pipes. The low roughness of polyethylene reduces this friction coefficient and, with that, surface abrasion.

HDPE MAGNUM pipes have abrasion resistance up to 2 times higher than that of PVC pipes, which makes it especially suitable for drainage pipelines.

In the case of pipes manufactured with materials with low abrasion resistance, the reduction in the thickness of the walls as a result of erosion would lead to an increase in tension, and therefore, less durability.

Cement PRFV Steel PVC Stone HDPE

= 20 h = 25 h = 34 h = 50 h = 60 h = 100 h

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PEPVC

Comparison: drainage pipes

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