Abstract—May be taken for granted you know human that

Egyptian pharaohs were the first they invented physical sports and

games recreational and competitive. Including the fencing as

explained in drawings and carvings in temples of the ancient

Egyptians in ages BC In ancient Paranoiac families. Historical

knowledge of the sport fencing historically identified from the tenth

century until the seventeenth century was necessary researcher

studying this history. Aim find out how fencing evolved from

instrument for the wars and martial arts to sports instrument be

reason in happiness its practitioners and audiences. Included in this

study to identify evolving swords until they arrive at sporting

weapons and arranging entry those weapons to Olympics and World

Championships, which was credited with such development. The

countries have maintained their results in Olympic championships

from the period 1896 -2000. The first to be held in Athens and last

session was held in Athens a period in question. Results showed that

the European continent is due credited with the development

weapons even taken final forms that could be used sporting as

instruments and this may violates another study the development of

weapons assigned to Arabs in ignorance and the emergence of Islam.

Study also showed that most countries have achieved results at the

Olympics throughout the period under consideration in the three

weapons of Fencing are: France - Germany - Italy - Hungary -

England - Cuba - Poland - Russia and this result shows attention span

those countries that sports development in the three weapons fencing

men and women.

Keywords— Paranoiac, Olympic championships, fencing.

I. INTRODUCTION

UEL of the oldest of nine Olympic sports participated in

the modern Olympic Games program since its inception

in "1896" Athens "Athens, and even the latest cycle of

Olympic Games held in" Sydney "2000," "In doing so, had a

head start in the subscription cycle Olympic Games for five ten

other Olympic sport of the total twenty-four sport Olympic in

the twenty-first century, and practiced fencing at the level of

the five continents, a. Aruba, Asia, Africa, Australia, and

America. She points to the Olympic spirit Olympic Spirit

Prof. Dr. Gamal zaher ibrahim abdellatif, Department of theory and

applications Combats and individual sports, Faculty of Physical Education in

Port Said University, Egypt.( E-mail: Gamal_l14@yahoo.com).

which is the Olympic flag Olympic Flag was first put this flag

is Baron "de Coubertin" Baron "De Coubertin" in the Olympic

Council in "1914" and the first of said section Olympic Oath

swordsman Bulgarian Victor Baron year "1920" and wrote by

Baron "de Coubertin," said the host country, which read "the

name of all competitors, I promise that we will take this

competition in the Olympic Games, a permanent organization

to respect the laws and sportsmanship to sport and the honor of

the team.

Egypt is the oldest and one of the first Arab countries that

have a known history in the sport of fencing, from old and on

the walls of the temple, "Habu" which was built by Ramses III

in "1190 s. M" near Luxor in Upper Egypt excavations and

fees appear as evidence of practicing the ancient Egyptians for

the sport of fencing where it appears on the walls of those

players, referees and spectators as well as clothing, tools and

stages of practicing fencing, also found the Queen "Cleopatra"

dagger inscribed with Pharaonic candleholder and a statue of

the ancient Egyptian queen. "In the name of all Competitors, I

promise that we shall take part in these Olympic games,

respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the

true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the

honor of our teams"

The documents in the history of the Olympic Games in the

field of fencing from the common weapons in the competition,

the first Olympic competition was Pferdy epee men Men's Foil

Individual, and professional Blinds Men Foil for Fencing

Masters .., and individual sword Individual Men's Sabre at the

Athens Games in "1896" the Greece got four medals and

France on three medals and Denmark on a single medal in the

outcome of the duel, and in "1900," there was a duel on behalf

of the duel sword duel for amateurs and professionals Epee for

Amateurs and Fencing Masters Olympics "Paris" Paris, and

was the first competition involved the saber men in "1908"

cycle London Olympic teams as well as the first sword men

"1912" teams subscription cycle Stockholm and has been an

Olympic Games or cycle involving the women's fencing

individual epee weapon in "1924", "Paris"

Aim of the research: Analytical view of the duel during the

Middle Ages from the tenth century (1000) until the

seventeenth century (1700) on the European continent.

Analysis of the results of fencing in the Olympics during the

Comparative study fencing during the Middle

Ages from the tenth century Until the

seventeenth century in the European continent

and the results fencing in the Olympics suffered

from " 1896 - 2000"

Gamal Zaher Ibrahim Abdellatif

D

International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS) Volume 3, Issue 2 (2015) ISSN 2320–4044 (Online)

118

period from the beginning of the Olympic courses "Athens and

during from " 1952 "to the Olympic Games in Sydney," 2000".

Sub-objectives of the research: Identify the percentage

contribution of the results of the duel in older "men" and three

weapons "ladies.

In the overall standings, as well as the percentage of the total

fencing medals during the period under discussion.

Identification of Olympic history, which every weapon it up

separately for each of the adult "men and women.

Identify the date on which the Olympic fencing teams formed

the three types, senior men and women.

Identify the arrangement of the countries in the Olympic

fencing results over the Olympic courses in the period Of

(1952-2000).

Research questions:

1- What is the percentage contribution of the results of the

duel in the overall standings as well as the percentage

contribution.

2- What Total fencing medals in older "men" three weapons

and "ladies" during the period under discussion.

3- What is the first history of the Olympic co-senior men's

and women's teams in the three Weapon.

4- What is the world ranking the top five countries of the

results may have received medals in fencing.

II. METHODS

It is the opening proceedings of the session and recognized

over more than a century and a four-year Olympic flag, Flame,

logo Olympic Motto, and Section Olympic Oath and Olympic

Creed. (Operational definition)

Names of fencing in the Olympic Games all competitors

Fencing.

It all names fencing, which has disease during the first

Olympic Games in Athens in 1896 until the last Olympic

Games held Sydney's "2000", namely:

Professional duel Foil for Fencing Masters .

Professional sword duel Epee for Fencing Masters.

Saber amateur and professional Epee for Amateurs and

Fencing Masters ..

Professional Fencing Saber for fencing Masters ... Fencing

Single Sticks

Men's Foil Individual .

Men's Team Foil l.

Women's Foil Individual .

Women's Team Foil .

Men's Individual Epee .

Men team's Epee

Women's Epee Individual.

Women's teams Epee team .

Men's Sabre Individual.

Men's Team Sabre

III. RESULTS

TABLE I THE RANKING OF COUNTRIES IN THE RESULTS OF THE JOINT FENCING COMPETITIONS IN OLYMPIC GAMES IN 1952 TO 2000,

ACCORDING TO THE PROPORTION OF THEIR CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE IN FENCING

COUNTRY ITA RUS FRA HUN GBR POL SUI ROM CHN CUB COM BGR USA

Ranking First second Third Fourth fifth Sixth Seventh eighth Ninth Eleven Twelv X11 X111

Year

Th

e p

erce

nta

ge c

on

trib

uti

on

in

the

tota

l m

edal

s F

enci

ng

1952 38% - 14% 29% - - 10% 5% - - - - -

1956 23% 10% 19% 19% - 10% - 5% - - - 5% -

1960 29% 29% - 13% 8% 4% - - - - - 8% 4%

1964 13% 25% 21% 17% 8% 13% - - - - - 4% -

1968 8% 29% 13% 25% - 13% - 4% - - - - -

1972 8% 29% 13% 29% - 13% 4% 4% - - - - -

1976 13% 29% 17% 8% 13% - 13% 4% - - - - -

1980 7% 29% 25% 25% - 13% 8% - - - - - -

1984 29% - 29% - 17% - 4% 13% - - - - 4%

1988 17% 21% 13% 13% 25% 4% - - - - - - 4%

1992 13% - 21% 17% 8% 8% - 4% 4% 4% 17% - -

1996 21% 28% 25% 10% 11% - - 9% 12% 9% - - -

2000 20% 32% 18% 3% 15% 6% 163% - 6% 6% - - -

Percentage of

Total 18.6% 17.5% 17.5% 16 % 8.1% 6.5% 4 % 3.7% 1.7% 1.5% 1.3% 1.3% 0.9%

rounding to the nearest decimal number*

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119

TABLE II FENCING RESULTS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES FROM 1952 TO 2000 LEVELS OF THE SUMMIT IN THE THREE ARMS "TOP", "MEN"

AND "WOMEN" AND THE NUMBER OF "MEDALS" (GOLD - SILVER - BRONZE), WHICH EARNED HIM EVERY WEAPON

UNTRY ITA RUS FRA HUN GBR BOL

Combined Arms G S B G S B G S B G S B G S B G S B

Armed individual FOIL 9 3 8 3 3 4 5 2 7 1 6 4 - 5 2 1 1 1

TEAM FOIL 6 2 - 8 5 - 5 2 5 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 5

TOTAL 15 5 8 11 8 4 10 4 12 2 10 7 1 6 4 2 4 6

Armed individual Epee 4 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 - - 1 -

Armed Team Epee 4 2 2 1 2 2 - 5 4 3 3 2 - 2 - - - 1

total 8 5 5 4 3 4 3 6 7 7 4 4 1 2 - - 1 1

Armed individual Sabre - 1 - 4 3 6 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 - 1 1 2 1

Armed Team sabre 2 4 - 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2 -

Total 3 5 - 10 5 8 4 5 4 5 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 1

Total all 26 15 13 25 16 16 17 15 22 14 16 13 5 11 - 4 9 8

TABLE III

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE "ALKROSKAL - ALLIS" TO DENOTE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RESULTS OF STATE SUMMIT IN FENCING IN THE OLYMPIC

GAMES IN THE PERIOD FROM 1952 – 2000 Country ITA RUS FRA HUN GBR POL

N-GROUB 13 13 13 13 13 13

T- RANK 677.00 656.50 556.00 530.00 351.00 310.00

Statistical test of Kruskal - Allis H "

19.334

Odds ratio error occurs using the distribution of Ca 2 degrees of freedom = 0.002

IV. DISCUSSION

A table showing (1) ranking of countries in the results of the

fencing competitions and participating in the Olympic Games

of the year 1952 to 2000, according to the share of the total

medals made by each country in relation to the total medal

tally fencing, as can be seen that the arrangement Olympic

winner of the countries in the competitions fencing is: "Italy,

Russia, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Romania,

Sweden, China, Cuba, the Commonwealth, Britain and

America, and is noticeable win, "the Italian team" in the

thirteen to meet an Olympic-size is the sum of Olympic

Games, and the "Russian" team win in ten games Olympic as

"Italian" team won the medals (26 gold 0.15 silver 0.16

Bronze) percentage 18.6% more than the team, "Russian" and

the number of medals (25 gold 0.16 silver and 18 bronze)

percentage 17.5%, as "France" got third place and the number

of medals obtained by (17 gold 0.15 silver and 22 bronze)

percentage 17.5% and the total medals Hungary (14 gold 0.16

silver and 13 bronze) as a percentage of 16% contribution to

the outcome of the duel. then comes next in the order in

Germany total medals (5 gold 0.11 and silver) and Hungary

the number of medals (4 gold 0.9 silver and 8 bronze) as a

percentage contribution to the total medals Fencing 8.1% and

6.5%, respectively. Then comes in the standings after the

Sweden percentage of 4% and Romania increased by 3.7% and

Cuba 1.5% and Commonwealth increased by 1.3% and Britain

1.3% and America 0.90.

- With this and the above checks the first question, the

second, the first of what are the percentages contribute to the

outcome of the duel in the overall standings and as well as the

percentage contribution to the total fencing medals in older

"men" and women "during the search?

- The second question is what are the countries which

achieved a breakthrough in the results in the three fencing

weapons "singles and" older "men" and women's teams "in the

period from 1952 - 2000?

- The first observation that can be inferred that the countries

presented in the results of the fencing has been outstanding this

achievement from the beginning of the Olympic course in

question from 1952 and until the last Olympic cycle, "Sydney

2000" which indicates that the fencing in these countries is not

the result of chance, but rather indicates that the the fencing is

subject to clear objectives achieved availability of the factors

leading to victory in the competition, and among those factors

is the spread of fencing with a broad base of practitioners,

providing all the necessary tools and capabilities to exercise a

greater number of Fencers whether it's at the level of the

stadiums or trainers, and experts And standard sports

equipment, which shows them how they achieve the objectives

of the training plans.

- The second observation that can be inferred that over the

history of the modern Olympics did not find Arab or African

country occupies in fencing any advanced point in each

Olympic cycle, and especially Egypt, which is one of the

oldest countries involved in the And it.

- is also useful to choose her state greatest achievement in

competitions fencing in a specific weapon without other

weapons, or more than one weapon, it's Table (2) it is clear

that Italy more wins countries in the epee "singles and teams,"

where the total medals won it is (15 gold 0.5 silver and 8

bronze), where he excelled on Russia winning second place in

the standings with a total medals (11 gold 0.8 silver and 4

bronze), and in return, we find that Russia was characterized

by a large margin from the rest of the other countries in the

sword weapon "singles and teams" where won (10 gold 0.5

silver and 8 bronze) are also shown in Table superiority in

Hungary weapon saber "singles and teams," the number of

medals (7 gold 0.4 silver and 4 bronze). And can be seen from

the foregoing importance of linking training plans in epee state

of Italy, or a contract of cooperation with Russia in the State of

the sword Weapon agreements, and the State of Hungary in the

saber weapon and these three countries illustrated the

importance of using their expertise and training plans in the

three Weapon... Olympics, especially in the sport of fencing.

- With this third question is achieved what is the first state

in all of the weapons of the top "of the three individual

weapons and" men "and women's teams" at the Olympic

Games in the period from 1952 - 2000?

Table shows (3) that the statistical test value "to Kruskal -

International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS) Volume 3, Issue 2 (2015) ISSN 2320–4044 (Online)

120

Wallis" Kruskal -Wallis equal to 19.334 and the percentage

likelihood of error by using the distribution of Ca 2 degrees of

freedom 5 equal to 0.002 and is statistically significant, and

this means that the differences between the results of the

summit countries in Fencing in the Olympic Games in the

period from 1952-2000 real differences, where the difference

between the "Italy", Russia, France, Hungary, Germany and

Poland was "in favor of" "Italy," and the difference between

"Russia", France, Hungary and Germany and Poland was "in

favor of" Hungary ", and so there is a real and significant

difference between Germany and Poland in favor of Germany

and Poland in favor of Germany. Thus, results indicate

variation in the table analysis (3) for the best six international

teams in the Duel in the Olympic Games of 1952 -2000 and

therefore the ranking according to their results in fencing was

"Italy, Russia, France, and Hungary, and Germany, and

Poland."

- With this fourth question achieved Are there significant

differences between the results of the top teams in the fencing

at the Olympic Games in the period 1952-2000?

- As evidenced by the analysis of the results of fencing in

the period from 1952 Helsinki to Sydney 2000 session that the

first involvement of women in the League, "the difference in

the epee," was in 1960 in the Olympic Games in Rome after 13

Games where the ladies involved in the weapon saber "Singles

and teams" was in "Atlanta 1996".

- All men fencing competitions in the three Weapon

constant has not changed since 1924, and even the Olympic

Games, "Sydney 2000".

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