Comparative rating of vehicles for particle
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Comparative rating of vehicles for particle filtration and quality of ventilation systems Nick Molden, Co-Founder of AIR, CEO of Emissions Analytics CEN Workshop 103 6 November 2019 VIAQ-17-07
Transcript of Comparative rating of vehicles for particle
Comparative rating of vehicles for particle filtration and quality of ventilation systems
Nick Molden, Co-Founder of AIR, CEO of Emissions Analytics
CEN Workshop 103 6 November 2019
VIAQ-17-07
WHAT IS THE NEED?
• Health need: pollution exposures are often high nearest tailpipe sources
• Economic need: market doesn’t value good filtration appropriately
• Policy need: there is not tool to incentivise or regulate
Why have we initiated a CEN Workshop?
WHAT IS THE PROCESS?
• Initiated by the AIR Alliance
• Previous experience of CEN Workshop process for tailpipe emissions
• Some methodology development and testing already conducted
• Opportunity to standardise to coordinate efforts
Urgent topic so CEN is ideal approach
HEALTH NEED
• “…each increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter in annual exposure to PM2.5 … was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality of 7.3%...” – New England Journal of Medicine, 2017
• “…ultrafine PM which comprises the smallest fraction of fine PM … may be disproportionately toxic…” – Atmospheric Environment, 2014
• Background CO2 ~400ppm; measured background around roads 450-500ppm
• Cognitive impairment starts around 1000ppm
• CO2 emitted as “greenhouse gas” becomes noxious pollutant in confined space
• Many vehicles count as workplaces and are subject to legal or regulatory criteria
ECONOMIC NEED
• Negative externality of from running high-emitting vehicle
• Market failure
• Time spent in vehicles in polluted locations is material, especially for commercial drivers
• Car buyers/owners undervalue good cabin air quality
• Therefore, good filtration/ventilation systems are undervalued
• OEMs can’t compete and profit on good air quality
• Incentive for suppliers to compete on quality could be greater
POLICY NEED
• Limited policy awareness
• Despite high-level focus on tailpipe emissions
• Assumption that sealed vehicle is protective
• Roadside monitors under-estimate exposures
• Research now emerging that in-vehicle concentrations can be higher than ambient
• Early standardisation could provide effective policy tools
YESTERDAY…
AIR ALLIANCE
• Allow Independent Road-testing founded in 2017
• Global not-for-profit alliance
• Of scientists, regulatory experts and organisations committed to improving air quality
• Building on legacy and expertise of Emissions Analytics, with access to its data
• Promotes on-road ratings as the cost-effective solution to air quality problems
• Members include Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Cenex, Energy Saving Trust
• Engages with all credible players, including cities, policy-makers, academics and industry
• Independent, accessible, transparent and accountable
• Activity scrutinised by authoritative Scientific Advisory Committee
AIR | 8
“PIMS”
• Pollution in-cabin measurement system: PN (15nm), CO2, (NO2)
AIR | 9
EUROPEAN TAILPIPE CEN CWA STANDARD METHOD
• CEN CWA17379
• Published in January 2019
• Voluntary European standard procedure
• Under Comité Européen de Normalisation
• Initiated by Emissions Analytics in November 2017, chaired by Nick Molden
• Wide participation from manufacturers, ACEA, academics, consumers and cities
AIR | 10
AIR INDEX
• Same test on every vehicle, according to CWA17379
• Rates cars and vans a simple scale from A (best) to E (worst)
• Discriminates between high and low emitters, irrespective of Euro class
• Can provide independent validation of retrofit effectiveness
AIR | 11
LABELLING
AIR | 12
AIR INDEX’S BENEFITS
• AIR Alliance guarantees the testing and results are independent and trusted
• Freely available
• Currency for buyers
• Marketing tool for OEMs to use
• Evidence for government to develop policies
• Criteria for tendering to clean up air quality quickly
AIR | 13
CEN WORKSHOP 103
• Kicked off 4 November 2019 in Brussels
• Nick Molden appointed chairman
• Wide attendance of OEMs, suppliers and cities
AIR | 14
WORKSHOP SCOPE – POLLUTANTS
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Covered by other programmes
• Particle mass: Established health effects, but low in-cabin concentrations
• Particle number: Growth health evidence, and high in-cabin concentrations
• Carbon dioxide: Consequence of using recirculation to protect from external pollution
• Nitrogen dioxide: Illegal ambient levels in many cities, but low absolute concentrations
• Flexible to include others
METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL TESTING – ON-ROAD PARTICLE INFILTRATION
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
171
14
12
11
28
13
51
42
14
91
56
16
31
70
17
71
84
19
11
98
110
5111
2111
9112
6113
3114
0114
7115
4116
1116
8117
5118
2118
9119
6120
3121
0121
7122
4123
1123
8124
5125
2125
9126
6127
3128
0128
7129
4130
1130
8131
5132
2132
9133
6134
3135
0135
7136
4137
1137
8138
5139
2139
9140
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Pa
rtic
le n
um
ber
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
, #/c
m3
Time, seconds
Inside vehicle Outside vehicle
Recirculationon Recirculation off
INITIAL TESTING – CARBON DIOXIDE BUILD-UP
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
110
621
131
642
152
663
173
684
194
61
05
11
15
61
26
11
36
61
47
11
57
61
68
11
78
61
89
11
99
62
10
12
20
62
31
12
41
62
52
12
62
62
73
12
83
62
94
13
04
63
15
13
25
63
36
13
46
63
57
13
67
63
78
13
88
63
99
14
09
64
20
14
30
64
41
14
51
6
In-c
abin
CO
2co
nce
ntr
atio
n,
pp
m
Time, seconds
Recirculation on Recirculation off
Cognitive impairment
INITIAL TESTING – STATIC AIR EXCHANGE RATE
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
1
28
55
82
10
9
13
6
16
3
19
0
21
7
24
4
27
1
29
8
32
5
35
2
37
9
40
6
43
3
46
0
48
7
51
4
54
1
56
8
59
5
62
2
64
9
67
6
70
3
73
0
75
7
78
4
81
1
83
8
86
5
89
2
91
9
94
6
97
3
10
00
10
27
10
54
10
81
11
08
11
35
11
62
11
89
12
16
12
43
12
70
12
97
13
24
13
51
13
78
14
05
Pa
rtic
le n
um
ber
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
, #/c
m3
Time, seconds
Recirculation on, low fan Recirculation on, medium fan Recirculation on, high fan Recirculation off,medium fan
INITIAL TESTING – FILTRATION VS FRESH AIR
SUMMARY
• Health and economic benefits of in-cabin air quality standardised methodology
• That complements existing work
• Must be primarily based on real-world testing for trust and authenticity
• Pragmatic scope and roll-out
• Existing experience can accelerate implementation and benefits
THANK YOU
