Comparative Performance of Racing Head and Neck Restraints Gregg S. Baker, P.E. General Technical...
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![Page 1: Comparative Performance of Racing Head and Neck Restraints Gregg S. Baker, P.E. General Technical Properties, LLC Orlando, Florida USA (SAE Paper #2006-01-3631)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649ef65503460f94c0970a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Comparative Performance of Racing Head and Neck Restraints
Comparative Performance of Racing Head and Neck Restraints
Gregg S. Baker, P.E.
General Technical Properties, LLC
Orlando, Florida USA
(SAE Paper #2006-01-3631)
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Project Resources
•General Technical Properties, LLC–Intellectual Property Company
•Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights–Applications since 1987
•Biomechanics–Structural implants
»Spinal/craniofacial reconstruction systems»Arthroplasty devices (artificial joints)
–Linear accelerator targeting systems (radiosurgery)–Electronically controlled implants
•Fastening systems•IC Engine valve designs•WEB-based mass customization software
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Resources (Cont.)
•Outside Consultants-Rod Henry, P.E. – General Dynamics
•“High impact devices”
-Leon Kazarian, Ph.D.• NASA, U.S. Air Force and Navy (ejection seats, carrier landings, helicopter crashes, Shuttle Challenger post mortem)
-Wayne State University, Bioengineering Center
-Delphi Safety Systems
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The Safety Progression
1. That’s racing
2. “This should work”
3. Serious efforts
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Nothing we can do…
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“Hey ya’ll, watch this!”
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Serious (?) EffortsSome Recent Ideas
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How well do they perform?
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The First Crash TestGeorge White, 1980
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Products that have been tested
<2004
•White Device
•HANS
•Hutchens
•D-Del
•Isaac
•Wright
•Tucker
>2004
•Isaac Link
•R3
•Hutchens II
•Hybrid
•Leatt Brace
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Previous Efforts
• SAE paper #2002-01-3304, “Sled Test Evaluation of Racecar Head/Neck Restraints”
• SAE paper #2004-01-3516, “Sled Test Evaluation of Racecar Head/Neck Restraints Revisited”
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SAE paper #2002-01-3304, “Sled Test Evaluation of Racecar Head/Neck Restraints”
• HANS device
• Hutchens device
• D-Cel device
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SAE paper #2004-01-3516, “Sled Test Evaluation of Racecar Head/Neck Restraints
Revisited”
• HANS device
• Hutchens device
• D-Cel device
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In the Perfect World…
• Every product
• Every test protocol
• Every load measure
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Plan B:
Get what you can and see what ya got
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Data Sources
• Peer-reviewed publications
• Unpublished raw test data
• Summary results from manufacturers
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Data Set
• Nine products
• 21 crash tests
• ~200 summary load measures
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Test Protocols(30 Degree Offset)
• Wayne State University Bioengineering Center “NASCAR” test
• Delphi Safety Systems Test Center execution of SFI Specification 38.1
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Wayne State
50G decelerating sled w/o head support, w/seat
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Wayne State Real Time
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Wayne State Slow Motion
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Delphi
70G accelerating sled w/o head support, w/o seat
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Delphi Real Time
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Delphi Slow Motion
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Performance Measures
• Loads-Axial (Tension/Compression)
-Shear
-Bending
• Head Gs
• Composite measures-HIC
-Nij, etc.
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Load Direction
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Wayne State
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SFI 38.1 at Delphi
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“Brain Slosh” references
• SAE Paper #2004-01-3539, Brain Injury Prediction for Indy Race Car Drivers Using Finite Element Model of the Human Head, L. Zhang et al
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Composite measures
FxDMyMocy *Where:
Where:
mD 01778.0
00.1Myc
Mocy
Fzc
FzNij
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What does it all mean?How do we add this up?
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Possible Options
1. Extend the Nij concept
2. Utilize fundamental stress analysis
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Option 1Extended Nij
?... Mzc
MzCmz
Myc
MyCmy
Mxc
MxCmx
Fzc
FzCfz
Fyc
FyCfy
Fxc
FxCfxN
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Option 2Fundamental Stress Analysis
Does the load exceed the strength?
If so, we have BSF
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What’s the Strength?
Healthy 30-40 yo femur/tibia samples at room temp:
Ultimate Strength in Tension: 136-154 MPa
Ultimate Strength in Compression: 209-213 MPa
Source: Burstein, A.H. et al, J. Bone Joint Surg., 58A, 82, 1976
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What’s the Load?
1. Sum “F” and “M” values to determine axial loads.
2. Consider shear to resolve principle loads.
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OccipitalCondyles
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Fz
Mx
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Principle Stresses
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Conclusions
• Performance ~ f(1/length, stiffness)
• Dampers are magic
• Engaging the belt retains the belt
• Classic measures, while valuable, do not tell the whole story
• There is a significant need for simplification
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Acknowledgements
• Rod Henry, General Dynamics
• George White
• Jay Wright
• Wayne State Bioengineering Center
• Delphi Safety Systems Test Center
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Thank youhttp://www.isaacdirect.com/