COMPARATIVE BASIN STRATIGRAPHY CONGO
Transcript of COMPARATIVE BASIN STRATIGRAPHY CONGO
CONGO BASIN KWANZA BASIN NAMIBE BASINRELATIVE CHANGE OF
COASTAL ONLAP
AG
E IN
MY
ERR
ATU
M
SYST
EM
SER
IES
STA
GES
FOR
MAT
ION
FOR
MAT
ION
UN
ITS
AG
E IN
MYBIOSTRATIGRAPHY
(C0NGO)BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
(KWANZA)
PLANKTONIC
S
PLANKTONIC
S
BENTHONICS
BENTHONICS
LANDWARD BASINWARD1.0 0.5 0W E W EW E
QUATERNARY PLEISTOCENE MILAZZIANSICILIANEMILIAN
CALABRIANPIACENZIAN
ZANCIEAN
MESSINIAN
TORTONIAN
SERRAVALLIAN
LANGHIAN
BURDIGALIAN
AQUITANIAN
CHATTIAN
RUPELIAN
PRIABONIAN
BARTONIAN
LUTENIAN
YPRESIAN
THANETIAN
DANIAN
1.65
3.5
5.2
6.3
10.2
15.2
16.2
20
25.2
30
36
39.4
42
49
54
60.2
74
84
88
89
92
96
108
113
116.5
121
128
131
MAASTRICHTIAN
CAMPANIAN
SANTONIAN
CONIACIAN
TURONIAN
CENOMANIAN
ALBIAN
APTIAN
BARREMIAN
HAUTERIVIAN
VALANGIAN
RYAZANIAN
UL
U
M
L
U
M
L
U
L
U
L
U
L
U
L
HOLOCENE
5
1010.5
15
2021
25
30
35
39.540
45
49.550
55
59.5
60
65
67
70
75
80
85
90
9495
98
100
105
107.5
110
112
115
120
125
126
128.5
130
Autor: 11/00 DEXDEX
INTERPRETATION DEPT.
BASIN
STRATIGRAPHY
Computer Drafted:
GAD - DRAFTING
66.5
UP
BUCOMAZI
MA
CU
LUN
GO
AMBRIZ-2 (BLOCK 5)
CABINDAAREA B, C
BLOCK 2, 3 BLOCK 3,4 ONSHORE, LWRCONGO, BLOCK 2CABINDA AREA A
CABINDAAREA AONSHORECABINDA
NAVALHAGAVIÃO
(BLOCK 6,7)FLAMINGO-1
BLOCK 7,8
MUBAFO (BLOCK 5)CEGONHA (BLOCK 6)ONSHORE
ONSHORE
WSW ENEENEENE WSWNNW
UP
MP
LP
UP
MP
LP
U
M
L
U
M
L
SSE WSW
Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Congo Basin. Varied lithologies are noted across the basin fromonshore to present day shelf-slope. Prominent oolitic carbonate reservoirs in Upper, Middle and LowerAlbian are associated with upward zones (or paleo shelf-edge). Chert market beds are noted in Middle Pinda.
Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Kwanza Basin. Reservoir s (A,B) are in Upper, Middle (Catumbela)and Lower (Tuenza) Albian Carbonates, associated with upwarp zones (or paleo shelf-edge).
Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Namibe Basin. Shelf-edge carbonate buildups are anticipated.No exploration well in the basin.
Biostratigraphy: explanation
1. Presalt: Congo Basin
Cabinda Ostracods by Chevron: 1. Hourcquia africana, 2. Petrobrasia spp. 3. Cypridea (Sebastianities), 4. Reconcavona, 5. Paracypridea, 6. Tucanocypris, 7. Metacypris.
Lower Congo Ostracods: Zonation by Grosdidier, E.
Lower Congo Calcareous Nannoplankton: Zonation by Sissingh, 1977.
A) C. litterarius B) M. obtusus
Cabinda Palynomorphs: Zonation by Chevron
Congo Palynomorphs: Zonation by Drapeau, 1984.
Kwanza Basin
Ostracods: 1. Cypridea spp. 2. Hourcquia africana 3. Cypridea aff. salvadorensis, 4. Petrobrasia tenuistriatra 5. Cypridea spp. 6. Candona cf. gregaria, 7. Reconcavona ? polita, 8. Paracypridea brasiliersis
Calcareous nannoplankton: similar to Congo
Palynomorphs: Zonation by A Doerenkamp. 1. Gnetaceapollenites 2. Cicatricosisporites diversus 3. Monosulcites, 4. Araucariacites, 5. Classopolis classoides, 6. Dicheiropolis etruscus, 7. Clavatipollenites hughuesii, 8. Concavissimisporites cf. variverrucatus
Biostratigraphy: explanation
2. Albian - Cenomanian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985)
Albian: Planktonic Foraminifer: Favusella washitensis;Benthonic Foraminifer: Trocholina silvai; Veenia spp. (Ostracods);Nannoconus donatensis (Calcareous Nannoplankton);Anomalina berthelini (Benthonlc Foraminifer)
Cenomanian: Dominated by Planktonics.Common Occurence is Hedbergellids and Rotaliporids.
3. Turonian to Maastrichtian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985) Planktonic Zone CS 9-Rugoglobigerina; CS 6/8 - Contusotruncana fornicata;
CS 5 - Dicarinela carinata; CS 4 - Praeglobotruncana inornata;
CS 3 - Archaeoglobigerina; CS 2 - Whiteinella spp.
Benthonics: BCS 8/9 - Orthokarstenia clavata;
BCS 6/7 - Orthokarstenia dentata/Gabonita elongata;
BCS 4/5 - Stensioeina spp;
BCS 2/3 - Gabonita obesa/Dorothia oxycona
Biostratigraphy: explanation
4. Paleocene - Eocene (zonation based on Gofas, 1985).
Planktonic: TI 1- Globorotalia trinidadensis/Globigerinadaubjergensis; TI 2 - Morozovella angulata; TI3 - Globorotaliavelascoensis; TI 4 - Globorotalia aequa/lensiformis
Benthonic: BTI - 1/3 - Bolivina africana Eponidespseudoetevatus BTI 4 - Lexostomoides/Nuttalides;BTI 5 - Uvigerina spp. BTI - Eponides elevatus.
Biostratigraphy: Explanation
5 - Oligocene - Miocene _Pliocene
Planktonics (zonation based on Meijer, 1972)TSI - Globigerina ampliapertura; TS 2 - Globigerinaangulisuturalis; TS 3 - Globigerinoides primordius;TS 4 - Globigerinita; TS 5 - Globigerinatella insueta;TS 6 - Globorotalia fohsi s.l.; TS 7 - Globorotalia siakensis;TS 8 - Globorotalia menardii; TS 9 - Globorotaliaacostaensis; TS 10 - Globorotalia margaritae.
Benthonics (zonation based on Gofas, 1985)BTS 1 - Uvigerina alazanesis;BTS 2/3 - Gavelinella stenzelli/Uvegerina mantaensis;BTS 4 - Gavelinella beninensis; BTS 5/6 - Eponides eshira/ /Bolivina interjuncta;BTS 6/7 - Marginulina costata;BTS 10 - Rectuvigerina siphogenerinoides.
EXPLANATION OF TECTONIC PHASE:
PHASE-I : LANDSCAPE OF EXTREME PENEPLANATION
PHASE-II : DOMING AND FLOOD BASALT ERUPTION DEPOSITED FLUVIO-ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT.
PHASE-III : RIFTING AND CONTINENTAL EXTENSION. DEPOSITED CONTINENTAL AND LACUSTRINE SEDIMENT.
PHASE-IV : THERMAL SUBSIDENCE, EVAPORITE FORMATION DEPOSITED MARINE DOMINETED SEDIMENT, SEA-LEVEL RISE.
PHASE-V : ACCELERATED PLATE SEPARATION AND FURTHER SEA -LEVEL RISE.
PHASE-VI : DROP IN RATE OF PLATE SEPARATION, FALL IN SEA-LEVEL.
PHASE-VII : SUBSTANTIAL FALL IN SEA-LEVEL, NON DEPOSITION ON THE MARGIN. WESTWARD TILT AND STRONG UPLIFT.
PHASE-VIII : RISE FOLLOWED BY FALL IN SEA-LEVEL LEAD TO TRANSGRESSION AND REGRESSION. SECOND TIME, WESTWARD TILT AND MARGIN UPLIFT.
For elaboration of tectonic phase, Refer“Avaliação de Formações de Angola”,SCHLUMBERGER, 1991
LOEME LOEME
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Sand, silt, ferruginous SSt and clay. Severalunconformities are noted with associatedsand development. Continental depositionalenvironment.
Delta sands, interbedded siltstone and claystone. Good delta sand reservoirs areassociated with unconformities. Inner neriticdepositional environment.
Variable lithology in interbedded shales and silts.Thin turbiditic reservoirs are noted nearunconformity levels. Inner neritic depositionalenvironment.
Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls andlimes. Bathyal - neritic depositional environment. Noted thin turbiditic sands nearthe uncoformity. Erosion or not depositionnear offshore and onshore.
Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls. Reservoirs sands developed near the unconformities. Crinoidal limestones and sandstones in Ambrizete, member a coastal depositional environment.
Reservoir bearing deltaic channel sandsdevelopment
Erosion near offshore.
Variable lithology having shales, marls and silts. Thin sandy reservoirs are noted near theunconformities (1).
Neritic bathyal depositional environment.
Source potencial is in selective basinal areas.
Variable lithology having shales, marls and silts. Bathyal pelagic depositional environ-ment.
Very good marine source rocks that are regional in extent.
Thin sandy reservoirs near the unconformity.
Reservoirs in (1) Lago sst and (2) Azul sstLithology is variable mixture of silt, shale, marl.Reservoirs in (1) Mesa dolomite (2) Vermelhasst Lithology is variable mixture of silt, lime and clay. Fluvial to marine transational depositional environment.Varied lithofacies that grade from sands to carbo-nates. Reservoirs in shoal carbonates and poroussandstones are known. The lithofacies from coastto offshore are (1) Vermelha-continental, (2) Verme-lha-fluvio/alluvial, (3) Bufalo-marine, (4) Pinda car-bonate platform with high energy oolitic shoals (Pacassa) and open marine carbonates (Punja), (5) Moitaseca (bathyal-neritic)-deep marine,(6) Pinda sandstones-marine.
Good reservoirs same source potential.
Marine depositional environment .1-Mesa 2-Vermelha
Layers of anydrite, halite and other salts. Whereverpresent, acted as inhibitant to upward oil migration.Restrict evaporitic depositional environment.Marine transgressive sequence in a transitionalenvironment. Good porous sandstone with layers of shale limestone. Acted aspipe rock HC migration.
Lacustrine shales, silts and limestone. Good organic rich shale. Layers are present al places. Lacustrine turbidites(Vovo member) developed at places. Good source and reser-voir. Lacustrine carbonate mounds (TOCA) ou basement flanks
in UB. Restrict lagoonal-lacustrine depositional environment.
Possibly continental red beds with basementintraclasts. Poor reservoir and poor source.Lithology is siltstone claystone, shale.
Depositional environment is continental tolacustrine.
Lucula is fluvio-alluvial sands with stringers of clay, lime and basementclasts. Good reservoir, Fluvio-continental depositional environment.Nacanga is cherty limestone on basement flanks and fractured reservoir,likely to be a Pre-Neocomian (Jurassic) in lacustrine (?) environment.
Precambrian granitic and gneissic basement. older than 600 my. The high areas are inundated,sporadically, by hypabyssal dykes or Mesozoicvolcanics. Volcanism is estimated to be around130 my.
Silt, ferruginous and clay. Several unconformi-ties are likely with associated sand. Continen-tal depositional environment.
Luanda is likely to extend from BURDIGALIAN to PLIOCE-NE. Calcareous and argillaceous sands.Litoral depositional environment.
Sands with clay and silt.
Variable lithology from fluvial sands toinsterlayers of sand and crinoidal l.st tomarl-shale-silt. Sand layers near theunconformities are likely reservoir poten-tial. Litoral, circalitoral depositional envi-ronment.Variable lithology from fluvial sands tocrinoidal l.st and sands to marl-shale-silt. Reservoirs are likely.
Sands, silt, shale.
Variable lithology from fluvio-continentalsands to marl-clay-silt to shale and siltSand layers are likely to be present nearunconformities. Reservoirs are likely.
Depositional environment range from outer platform to bathyal.
Variable lithology from sands-silt, marl-clay-silt to shale-silt. Thin layers oflimestone.
Pelagic depositional environment.
Lithology includes shale, marl and layersof dolomitic limestone and limestone.Moderate source potential.
Platform depositional environment.
Llithology includes fluvio-continental sands-silts, interlayers of crinoidal l.st, marls, shales and siltstone.
Platform depositional environment.
Good source potencial. Likely reservoirs are in sands and l.st.
Lithology includes fluvial sands to marine marls, claystones and siltstones. Good sourcepotential.Pelagic depositional environment.Varied lithology from fluvial sands to mari-ne carbonetes, marls, silts and clay. Poten-tial reservoirs are in Cabo Ledo carbona-tes. Pelagic depositional environment.Varied lithofacies grading from continental fluvio--alluvial, sabkha, shelf edge to deep marine facies.
Depositional environment varies from fluvio--continental, lagoonal to outer platform.
Good reservoir and source potential.
Encountered lithologies include sand and silt, anhydrite, dolomite, crinoidal l.st, argillaceous l.st marl and shale.
Penesaline -1 layers of carbonate clay and anhydritic. Massive salt with diapers penetrated upto Tertiary sedi-ment. Restrictid evaporitic environment. Penesaline -2 layers of carbonate, anhydritic, clay.
Marginal marine transgressive sequence. Layers of sand,silt, claystone and carbonate. Moderate reservoirs.
Recognized unusual massive salt in Maculungo (500mthick). Lacustrine sequence-siltstone shale and carbonate. Good source potential. Lacustrine depositional environ-ment.
Possibly continental red beds.Lithology is siltstone, clyst, conglomerate, carbonates, volcanoclasts and basementintraclasts.Present in reservoirs and source.
The lower lithological sequence in wells Maculungo, Calomboloca indicate to be Jurassic.
Precambrian basement inundated by hypabyssal dykes and Mesozoic volcanism. Volcanism is estimated to be around 111 MY, 133-135 MY and 164 10 MY.
Shale, silt, marl.
Notable volcanism in deep basin
Volcanism
Marine shales, silts, marls.
Marine shales, silts, marls.Good source is likely.
Varied lithological sequencesfrom very coarse sands, sands,carbonate buildups to deepmarine marl, shale, silt.Good reservoir is likely incarbonate buildups.
Marine sequence-shale, silt andsand.Marginal marine transgression.Shale, silt and sand.
Lacustrine sequence shales and siltswith volcanics. Likely source.
Continental sequence with lacustrineinfluence.
Silts and shales with extensive volcanoclasts.
Volcanics are likely.
Mesozoic volcanics overlying thePrecambrian basement. Pulses ofvolcanism is likely in the entirestratigraphic column.
PHASE
WESTWARDSUBSIDENCE
PHASE
(PHASE VIII)
TECTONICPHASE
VIII
DRIFTPHASE
(PHASES IV-VII)
PHASE
VII
PHASE
VI
PHASE
V
PHASE
IV
PHASE
III
(POST RIFT)
LATE
DRIFT PHASE
(PHASE III)
EARLY
PRE RIFTPHASE
(PHASE I AND II)
PHASEI
PHASEII
TRANSITIONALPHASE
(PHASE IV) POSTRIFT
I N I T I A T I O NP H A S E
Anhydritic, dolomite and sand;subreefal carbonates are locally developed in Quianga lagoonal depositional environment.
AZUL
LAGO
VERMELHASANDSTONE
MOITA SECA
MESA
PUNJA
PACASSA
PINDASANDSTONE
BUFALO
VERMELHACONTINENTAL
2
2
1
1
2
1
4
3
6
5
1
25
4
3
ANHYDRITE
MAVUMA
MASSIVE SALT
CHELA
TOCA
OB
ERVA
LUCULA
NACANGA
3
AMBRIZETE
QUELO MUSSEQUES
LUANDA
CACUACO
BOM JESUS
CATALA
FUNDA
CHIO
CALOMBOLOCA
CUNGA
GRATIDAO
RIO DANDE
TEBA
SEPULTURES
NGOLOME
MORRO DA CRUZ
ITOMBE
ZENZA/MUCONGA
CABO LEDO
QUISSONDE
CATUMBELA
MUCANZO/CACOBA
DONDO
TUENZA
BINGA QUIANGA
MASSIVE SALT
PENESALINE 2
GREY CUVO
ORGANIC CUVO
MASSIVE SALT
RED CUVO
CALOMBOLOCA
QUEMBELE
CAMBAMBE
PENESALINE-1
1
2
4
3
51
2
4
3
4
6
5
BOLD
FRIO
INHUCA
UB
LB
MP
LP
UP
PE
RLO
WE
RLO
WE
RU
PP
ER
UPP
ER
LOW
ER
LOW
ER
UP
PE
RM
IDD
LEU
PP
ER
LOW
ER
LOW
ERLO
WER
LOW
ERLO
WER
UPP
ERU
PPER
UPP
ERU
PPER
MID
DLE
MID
DLE
UL
LOW
ERU
PPER
NEO
CO
MIA
N(S
ENO
NIA
N)
MAY
OM
BE
PRES
ALT
PIN
DA
IAB
ELA
ND
AN
AM
ALE
MB
OC
IRQ
UES
UN
NA
MED
(CIR
QU
ES E
Q.)
QU
IFA
NG
ON
DO
UN
NA
MED
(LA
ND
AD
AN
A EQ
.)U
NN
AM
ED(IA
BE
EQ.)
UN
NA
MED
(PIN
DA
EQ.)
PRES
ALT
CU
VOB
SMT
TS 10
TS 9
TS 8
TS 7
TS 6
TS 5
TS 4
TS 3
TS 2
TS 1
BTS 10
BTS 6/7
BTS 5/6
BTS 4
BTS 2/3
BTS 1
NOTRECOGNIZED
TI 7
TI 6 BTI 6/7
TI 5 BTI 5
TI 4 BTI 4
TI 3
BTI 1
TI 2
TI 1
CS 9
CS 6/8
BCS 8/9
BCS 6/7
CS 5
CS 4
CS 3
CS 2
BCS 4/5
BCS 2/3
BCS 1
CS
1
Cs
1aC
s 1b
? ?
BC 1
C 1
?C IX
?
?
C IV
K 1
3K
15
K 1
6K
17
K 1
8
?
12
3
4
5
6
7
?
A
B
AS
12A
S 11
AS9/10
AS6/8
AS3/5
?
?
CA
BIN
DA
PALY
NO
MO
RPH
S
CO
NG
O O
STR
AC
OD
S
CA
BIN
DA
OST
RA
CO
DS
CO
NG
O C
ALN
AN
INO
PLT.
CO
NG
O P
ALY
NO
MO
RPH
S
TS 10
TS 9
TS 8
TS 7
TS 6
TS 5
TS 4
TS 3
TS 2
TS 1
TI 7
TI 6
TI 5
TI 4
TI 3
TI 2
TI 1
CS 9
CS 6/8
CS 5
CS 4
CS 3
CS 2
CS 1
CS
1
Cs
1aC
s 1b BC 1
BC 1
?
BTS 10
BTS 6/7
BTS 5/6
BTS 4
BTS 2/3
BTS 1
BTI 6/7
BTI 5
BTI 1
BCS 8/9
BCS 6/7
BCS 4/5
1
23456
NOTRECOGNIZED
BTI 4
BCS 2/3
C VII/IX
C V/VI
C IV5
6
7
8
?
7
8
?
?
OST
RA
CO
DS
CA
L.N
AN
NO
PLA
NK
.
PA
LYN
OM
OR
PHS
BSM
T
AG
E IN
MY
A
B
?
1
2
3
4
AG
E IN
MY
SHELF-EDGE NOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALESHELF-SLOPEUPWARD ZONE
Underlain by
basement ridge
UPWARD ZONE
Underlain by
basement ridge MAVUMADOLOMITES
SHELF-SLOPE
UPWARD ZONE
Underlain by
basement ridgeUPWARP ZONE
Underlain by
basement ridge
BINGA/QUIANGA
Schematic Albian platform showing varied lithofacies in Congo, Kwanza and Namibe
0 100 1000kmNamibia
Namibe
NAMIBEBASIN
Lucira
Lobito
KWANZABASIN
Luanda
Ambris
CONGOBASIN
CAB
INDA
R. ZaireN
10E 15E
5S
10S
15S
A T
L A
N T
I C
O
C E
A N
EROSIONOR
NON DEPOSITION
EROSIONOR
NON DEPOSITION
EROSIONOR
NON DEPOSITION
EROSIONOR
NON DEPOSITION
CEN
OZO
ICTE
RTI
ARY
PALE
OG
ENE
NEO
GEN
EM
IOC
ENE
OLI
GO
CEN
EEO
CEN
EPA
LEO
CEN
EPL
IOCEN
E
MES
OZO
IC
CR
ETA
CEO
US
VOVOVOVO
PC+-
PUNJA
PUNJA
PACASSA
PACASSA
PACASSA PINDA LAGOONAL
VERMELHACONTINENTAL
VER
MEL
HA
FLU
VIO
/ALL
UVI
AL
PINDA SANDSTONE
BUFALO
QUISSONDE CATUMBELA
TUENZA
MUCANZO/CACOBA
DONDO
UP
MP
LP
A
A
B
MOITA SECA
REFERENCES:
1. Chronostratigraphic scale is from “Chronoly of Flutuating Sea Levels Since The Triassic” U. Bilal, Hardenbol and Peter R. Vail, 1987, Science.2. Lithostratigraphic Columns - Stratigraphic Commission For Angola Sedimentary Basins, 1985.3. Biostratigraphy: Mario G.P. Brandao, Laboratorio de Exploracao e Producao (Sonangol).
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GAD200707-CEST0001- I
COMPARATIVE BASIN STRATIGRAPHY CONGOKWANZA - NAMIBE