Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge...

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Transcript of Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge...

Page 1: Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge (CEC) Fertility Low High/Highest Moderate Charge location ... Ikatan H (ikatan

Company Name

Page 2: Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge (CEC) Fertility Low High/Highest Moderate Charge location ... Ikatan H (ikatan

What is the pH

scale?

The pH scale

measures how

acidic or basic a solution is

The pH scale

The pH scale is

the concentration

of hydrogen ions

in a given

substance. pH = -Log [H+]

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Basa

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An acid is a substance that breaks into H+ ions in an aqueous solution.

A Base (alkaline) is a substance that breaks into OH- ions in an aqueous solution.

Definitions of

Acids and Bases

Note: aqueous solution is any solution where is the solvent.

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pH Aktif :

• Konsentrasi ion H yang

terdapat bebas dalam

larutan tanah.

• Digunakan sehari-hari

pH Potensial

• Kadar hidrogen dapat tukar

yang dijerap komplek koloid

tanah

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pH netral hara tersedia

+ mudah diserap

tanaman

• pH asam : P diikat oleh

Al

• pH basa : P difiksasi Ca

• •pH masam :

Al, sulfat.

Unsur mikro ( Fe,Mn,

Zn, Cu, Co)

• pH alkalis :

NaCl

Pentingnya pH

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Pengaruh pH terhadap

Ketersediaan Hara

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Penyangga :

jasad hidup

tanah

PENYANGGA TANAH

Anion yang disangga :

OH-,HCO3-,NO3-,SO42-,

Cl-, H2PO4-, HPO4

2-

,HPO43-

• Kation yang

disangga :

H+,Na+,K+,Ca++,

Mg++Al3+,Fe3+,,

Mn3+

• Penyangga :

H2CO3, CaCO3,

liat humus

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Me

rub

ah

pH

ta

na

h

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Bahan mineral dan bahan

organik yang sangat halus

sehingga luas permukaan tinggi

per satuan berat

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K

o

l

o

i

d

T

a

n

a

h Humus

Liat

Campuran

Mineral Liat

Silikat

a. Kristalin

1 : 1

2:1

Campuran

teratur

Struktur

rantai

b. Amorf

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Mineral liat

Al-silikat

Oksida-oksida

Fe dan Al

Mineral-

mineral primer

Mineral Liat

Silikat

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Mineral liat

Al-silikat kristalin

Kaolinit

Haloisit

Montmorilonit

Mineral liat Al-

silikat amorf

Alofan

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Mineral liat Al-silikat

mempunyai struktur

berlapis-lapis

Si-Tetrahedron

2. Mineral 2 :1

Monmorilonit,

Ilit, Vermikulit

1.Mineral 1 : 1

Kaolinit,Haolisit

3.Mineral 2 : 2

Klorit

Al oktrahedron

Vermikulit

Klorit

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• 1 :

• 1 : 1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - - - - -

-

H

1 : 1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - - - - - - --

- -

- - - - - - - --

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - - - - - - --

- -

- - - - - - - --

- -

O

2 : 1

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Kaolinite

K K K K K K K

1.0

nm

Mica (Primary mineral)

H+ K K K H+ H+

1.0

nm

Illite (Med. CEC)

0.93

nm

Chlorite (Low-Med CEC)

≈1.4

nm Ca Mg H 2 O Ca H 2 O

Vermiculite (High CEC,

expands/contracts somewhat)

Ca Mg H 2 O Ca H 2 O

Smectite (or Montmorillonite

(High CEC, expands/contracts a lot)

SiO 4

Al(OH) 3

≈1.8 to 4.0

nm

0.72

nm H+ bonding

Silicate clays: permanent charge CEC

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Penyebab

Muatan Negatif

pada Mineral Liat

1. Kelebihan

muatan negatif

pada ujung patahan

kristal

3. Substitusi

isomorfik

2. Disosiasi H+ dari

gugus OH yang

terdapat pada

tepi/ujung kristal.

• pH rendah H +

terikat kuat

• pH naik H +

lepas muatan

negatif naik

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H+ bound tightly, so

the lower the pH, the

less exchange there is

(i.e., lower nutrient

availability)

Disosiasi H

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Penggantian kation

dalam struktur kristal

oleh kation lain yang

mempunyai ukuran

sama, tetapi

muatan/valensi

berbeda.

Kation yang

menggantikan

bermuatan

lebih rendah

kelebihan

muatan negatif

Mg2+, Fe2+

mengganti

kan Al3+

Al 3+

menggantik

an Si4+

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Properties of common

silicate clays

Property Kaolinite Smectites /

Vermiculite Illite

(fine-grained micas)

General class 1:1 (TetraOcta) 2:1 (TOT) 2:1 (TOT)

Swelling

Layer Bonding ionic > H-bonding > van

der Waals

Net negative

charge (CEC)

Fertility

Low

High/Highest

Moderate

Charge location

Low Low, none High/Moderate

Hydrogen

(strong)

O-O & O-Cation

van der Waals

(weak)

Potassium

ions (strong)

Edges only – No

isomorphic substitution Octahedral / Octa+Tetra

Tetra(~balanced by

K+’s) so: Edges

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Page 24: Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge (CEC) Fertility Low High/Highest Moderate Charge location ... Ikatan H (ikatan

Ikatan H (ikatan kuat)

antar lempeng tidak

mudah

mengembang/mengkerut

bila basah/kering.

Substitusi isomorfik kecil

Muatan negatif pada

patahan kristal atau

disosiasi bila pH naik.

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Mineral 2 : 1

Monmorilonit

Ikatan oksigen (ikatan

lemah) antar lempeng

mengembang/mengker

ut bila basah/kering

Muatan negatif pada

patahan dalam dan

patahan luar.

Substitusi isomorfik :

Al3+ diganti Mg2+

KTK tinggi

pH < 6 muatan tetap

hasil substitusi isomorfik

pH > 6 muatan

tergantung pH

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Mineral

2:1

Ilit

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Page 29: Company Name - dedemae.files.wordpress.com · ionic > H-bonding > van der Waals Net negative charge (CEC) Fertility Low High/Highest Moderate Charge location ... Ikatan H (ikatan

- Berasal dari

pelapukan gelas

volkanik/mineral

feldspar

- Alofan, berasal dari

abu vulkan

- KTK tinggi

- Fiksasi P dengan

kuat.

- Bulk density

rendah (< 0,9 g/cc)

Mineral Liat Silikat Amorf