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سم الله الرحمن •الرحيم

• In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

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Study on the Relation-ship Between the Siege , the quality of life and psychological conditions in Gaza

By :Samir Qouta Ph DAssociated Prof.

Islamic UniversityAida KssabOct. 2008

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

“” كبد في اإلنسان خلقنا لقدالعظيم الله صدقسورة من

البلد

“ Verily, we have created man into toil and struggle”

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INTRODUCTION

Israel has imposed a severe siege on the Gaza Strip since Hamas’ winning of the parliamentary elections in January, 2006. Furthermore, Israel has tightened this siege following Hamas military domination over the Gaza Strip in June, 2007 when Israel declared that the Gaza Strip is an enemy entity.

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Israel has tightened the siege and embargo imposed on Israel has tightened the siege and embargo imposed on the Gaza Strip reaching unprecedented levels. This the Gaza Strip reaching unprecedented levels. This action included various sanctions such as: cut-off fuel action included various sanctions such as: cut-off fuel and electricity provisions to Gaza as well as all other and electricity provisions to Gaza as well as all other energy resources. Israel has also imposed strict energy resources. Israel has also imposed strict closure on all Gaza Strip border crossings, preventing closure on all Gaza Strip border crossings, preventing movement of civilians including patients’ for medical movement of civilians including patients’ for medical services. Such procedures led to entire shut-down of services. Such procedures led to entire shut-down of the sole energy producing station in the Gaza Strip, the sole energy producing station in the Gaza Strip, and many times and as a consequence, Gaza is and many times and as a consequence, Gaza is drowning in darkness whereas electricity from all drowning in darkness whereas electricity from all homes, industrial, and health facilities in the Gaza homes, industrial, and health facilities in the Gaza Strip was cut-off entirelyStrip was cut-off entirely . .

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Due to the denial of deliveries of vital supplies of food, Due to the denial of deliveries of vital supplies of food, fuel and humanitarian aids to the Gaza Strip, there has fuel and humanitarian aids to the Gaza Strip, there has been a crisis in obtaining necessary food supplies for been a crisis in obtaining necessary food supplies for the people in Gaza. This situation added to the already the people in Gaza. This situation added to the already existing crisis due to the fact that 85% of the Palestinian existing crisis due to the fact that 85% of the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip depends mainly on the population in the Gaza Strip depends mainly on the humanitarian aids for securing their basic needs of humanitarian aids for securing their basic needs of survival. Furthermore, the stoppage of electricity and survival. Furthermore, the stoppage of electricity and fuel as well as flour cut-off have caused even more fuel as well as flour cut-off have caused even more paralysis in the bakeries in the Gaza Strip, thus paralysis in the bakeries in the Gaza Strip, thus preventing the Palestinians from receiving their preventing the Palestinians from receiving their necessary needs of breadnecessary needs of bread

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GoalsGoals

This study tried to explore the "relationship This study tried to explore the "relationship between the siege and its impact on the between the siege and its impact on the economic and social areas and the quality of economic and social areas and the quality of life of Palestinian families" beside the life of Palestinian families" beside the psychological consequences of the Palestinian psychological consequences of the Palestinian children and adultschildren and adults..

The researchers used the quantitative and The researchers used the quantitative and qualitative approachqualitative approach..

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SampleSample::The study used stratified random sample involved The study used stratified random sample involved 244 heads of the family with average age (38) 244 heads of the family with average age (38) years, distributed in cities and camps and villages years, distributed in cities and camps and villages

in Gaza Stripin Gaza Strip. . ToolsTools::

using tools to measure the economic and social using tools to measure the economic and social levels as well as the World Health Organization levels as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life scale,and scl(WHO) quality of life scale,and scl..

Method: (Method: ( Descriptive app.based on quantative and Descriptive app.based on quantative and qualitative methodsqualitative methods..

In order to accomplish the study qualtaitativeIn order to accomplish the study qualtaitativeWe asked each participant to tell us a story that he We asked each participant to tell us a story that he pass about the siegepass about the siege

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• The Results of the Quantitative Part:

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Results:• The Israeli siege pushed around 84% of Palestinian families to change

the patterns of their lives; while about 93% of them gave up their daily living requirements. About 95% of the families in Gaza, expressed their dissatisfaction of the fact that Gaza Strip is converted into a big prison, where they live in throughout the night and day.

• Patients without medication..!• The results of the study showed that 47% of patients in

Gaza are not able to get the medicine they needed after Israel tightened its control over the crossings and prevented aid convoys and medical supplies to enter the hospitals in Gaza. The suffering of 38% of the patients by not receiving medical services has increased as well.

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• In terms of social impacts, there has been a reduction in the social visits between citizens by 79% due to worsening of financial and social conditions. It was also indicated by the study that most of the interviewees of the study expressed that they do not tend to stay long outside the home due to the conditions of work or other reasons. The siege impacted about 92% on the behaviors of citizens regarding participating in social events.

• Due to the continued siege, 95% of the citizens could not find the objects and goods that they were looking for; while the prices rose 99% as the income of citizens were reduced with 68%; 45% of whom were fired from their jobs; moreover, 77% of the workers were suspended of their jobs in the construction sector and they were unable to sustain their work due to lack of basic materials for construction of cement and iron and others.

• •

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CHART

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

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Table (1 )shows the correlation between siege and psychological statusTable (1 )shows the correlation between siege and psychological status

V.V.Person CorrelationPerson CorrelationP valueP value

Physical S.Physical S.00.3600.360.0010.001

ObsessiveObsessive0.250.250.0010.001

SenstivitySenstivity0.250.250.0010.001

DepressionDepression0.320.320.0010.001

AnxietyAnxiety0.310.310.0010.001

HostilityHostility0.130.130.040.04

Phobic AnxietyPhobic Anxiety0.240.240.0010.001

ParoniaParonia0.130.130.040.04

PsychosisPsychosis0.210.210.0010.001

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Table (2) shows the correlation between quality and psychological statusTable (2) shows the correlation between quality and psychological status

Scl-90Scl-90PersonPersonP-VALUEP-VALUE

Physical S.Physical S.0.350.35--0.0010.001

ObsessiveObsessive0.420.42--0.0010.001

SenstivitySenstivity0.390.39--0.0010.001

DepressionDepression0.540.54--0.0010.001

AnxietyAnxiety0.420.42--0.0010.001

HostilityHostility0.310.31--0.0010.001

Phobic Phobic AnxietyAnxiety

0.330.33--0.0010.001

ParanoiaParanoia0.330.33--0.0010.001

psychosispsychosis0.430.43--0.0010.001

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Impact of Siege on Children• The results of the study showed that 54% of children do not have

the desire to participate in any activities; while 58% of them are no longer able to perform the duties of school and family; another 41% were complaining of physical pains; and 48% of them were suffering from lower energy and malnutrition.

• The children's suffering resulting from the siege was reaching beyond this point, as signs of fear were apparent on 72% of them; while 71% of them showed signs of anger. Regarding sleeping problems, 43% of children were complaining of such problems as about 48% of the sample was complaining of anxiety symptoms.

• Moreover, due to the siege, the study revealed that 47% of the children were reported absent from school; while 50% of the non-absent students were displaying symptoms of lack of concentration and poor attention.

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Discussion• The study about the "relationship between the siege and its impact on the

economic and social areas and the quality of life of Palestinian families" revealed that the negative effects of the siege reached all facets of life and affected the whole society tremendously and suspended people's life.

• Results shows that "The future of Palestinian families is in a real danger in the light of the continuation of the siege, as the siege heightened the tension and despair and uncertainty of the future of the citizens in the Gaza Strip. It was found that the more negative consequences of the siege the more more psychological suffering is being existed, as was found in the SCL variables(Anxiety,Depression,hostility and sensitivity).

• As all forms and consequences of the siege imposed by Israel aggravate ll forms and consequences of the siege imposed by Israel aggravate the Palestinians’ sufferings in Gaza Strip, coinciding with the economic the Palestinians’ sufferings in Gaza Strip, coinciding with the economic crisis and high rate of poverty and unemployment. The new procedures of crisis and high rate of poverty and unemployment. The new procedures of siege have led to significant rise of burdens on the Palestinian civilians siege have led to significant rise of burdens on the Palestinian civilians and families, as well as an emergence of a new wave of feelings of panic, and families, as well as an emergence of a new wave of feelings of panic, anger, suppression and helplessness. As a result, the psychological anger, suppression and helplessness. As a result, the psychological sufferings of people are intensifying in the presence of the economic sufferings of people are intensifying in the presence of the economic hardshipshardships

• .

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Interventions:How we can help the families under siege? How? When? By whom?

Siege

Sensomotor

Cognitive

Emotional

Social

•Primary l•Secondary L

•language

•attention

•memory

•problem

solving

•Frustration

•Depressed Mood.

•Freezing life

•Isolation

Malnturition

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The Qualitative Part– في الواردة القصص باستعراض الباحثة قامت الكيفي، بالجانب يتعلق فيما

اآلتية بالجوانب تتعلق القصص وجدت وقد :االستمارات؛

– على سلبية نتائج له كانت الحصار بان نجد سوف السابقة النتائج الى بالنظرو الفراد ذكرها التي القصص دعمته ما كذلك فئاتهوهذا بكافة الفلسطيني المجتمع

جوانب عدت الى انقسمت التي– * الصحة علي الحصار -:تأثير

– * لهم الالزم والعالج للمرضي الدواء توفر .عدم– لمرض: : - تعرضت خالتي إبنة أن وهو مترتين العائلة في تتكرر حكاية قصة مثال

بين وهو المرض نفس من يعاني األكبر أخوها واآلن شهرين قبل من السرطانلتلقي إلسرائيل السفر من إستطاعتة وعدم األدوية وجود لعدم والموت الحياة

المستشفي في معه نعيش VW دائما ألنها معه تعاني اآلن وزوجته الدوائية .الجرعات– المعبر * إغالق وبسبب حياته علي أثر مما السرطان بمرض أصيب شاب قصة

بالخارج العالج وكان لمرضه قوي عالج أخذه وعدم المرض شدة من W كثيرا عانيالوكيل ونعم الله حسبنا وفاته إلي أدي مما عليه المرض زاد المعبر إغالق .وبسبب

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• * االجتماعية :الناحية• ( ) والعريس غزة في العروس خطاب مرتبطان شخصان قصة

الحصار بسبب الخطبة لفسخ أضطروا الضفة .في• البالغة إبنتي مع حدثت سافر 20قصة خطيبها أن حيث عامبسبب الذهاب تستطيع وال زفافها موعد وتأجل السعودية فيشهر موعدها، عن تأخيرها أصبح وقد والحصار المعابر إغالق

عليها األسرة قبل من وخوف سيئة نفسية حالة لها يسبب .مما• لعدم وذلك W كثيرا زوجته طالق عند القاضي أمام رجل بكي

الحصار بسبب وذلك أهله مساعدة بدون إعالتها علي قدرتهوالعيش السكن من يمكنه لم والذي شعبنا منه يعاني الذي.لوحده

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• * اقتصادية :التأثرات• : ولم: المدرسة مصروف مني يطلبون أوالدي جاء األب يقول مثال

ال ألني W كثيرا وتألمت الشديد بالحزن فشعرت W شيئا معي يكنوالتوتر القلق لي سبب الموقف وهذا إحتياجاتهم توفير .أستطيع

• وعدم * المستمرة اإلغالقات بسبب األسرة إحتياجات توفير عدم ( ). تكررت إسرائيل عمال إيرز في والعمل للخروج .القدرة

• طعام: * تناول يستطيعوا لم الماضي رمضان في عائلة هناك قصةوكانوا صغار أطفال علي تحتوي العائلة هذه وكانت اإلفطار

بسبب وذلك المياه شرب سوى اإلفطار وجبة يتناولوا ولم صائمينالشديد العائلة هذه .فقر

• أدي * الذي الحصار بسبب البيوت بناء إستكمال علي القدرة عدمالبناء مواد توفر عدم .إلي

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• توفر * عدم بسبب فرحه يؤجل واآلن خاطب شاب قصةفسخ يريد خطيبته وأب بيته بناء الستكمال البناء مواد

لذلك .الخطوبة• توفير: * عدم في أبنائي مع قاسية معاناة في عشت قصة

W أيضا يشعروا ولكي العيد في تسعدهم لكي حاجياتهمأنني ولدرجة كامل عام بعد علينا رمضان دخول بفرحة

: دار بابا يا ليش لي وابنتي ابني لقول وأبكي أبكي جلستلم ألنني األطفال بال فمال أل، وإحنا عيد عندهم جيرانا

العيد عندنا يأتي لم فيقولوا العيد مالبس لهم أشتريمع ليلعبوا الشارع إلي ينزلوا بأن يرضوا لم أنهم ولدرجة

الحاجات ويشتروا يلعبوا وهو ويشاهدوهم .األطفال

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• -:الجريمة*• من: رجل قتله الذي رفح في الساكن الطفل قصة سمعت قصة

نومه غرفة في ودفنه وقتله سرقه أن بعد المال .أجل• - ( ) فني، وهو كبير مطعم والده لدي شاب برفح الشاعر آل قصة

من يكسبونها التي بالنقود يرجع ب، ابنه علي يعتمد والده كانمبلغ ( الشاب مع وكان البيت إلي ) 5المطعم أصدقائه دوالر آالف

فقاموا المال من كبير مبلغ ومعه المطعم من يرجع أنه يعرفونمنه ويأخذوا النفق من يهربوه أن أساس علي عليه خدعة بعمل

) ذلك ) 5مقابل وقاموا أخوين كانوا األصدقاء وهؤالء دوالر آالفأمرهم كشف حتي البالط تحت نومه غرفة في أحدهم ودفنه بقتله

يخرج وذباب ونمل كريهة رائحة تشم كانت زوجته أن طريق عناآلخر أخوه وعن عنه أبلغت التي وهي الغرفة .من

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• * عمر: في شاب رأي أنه إلي 22قصة إتجه سنةله يسبق ولم يومه، قوت علي للحصول السرقةوعندما السوق في كبير شيخ من سرق فإنه السرقةأسرق ال أسرق ال وسوف أتركوني يصرخ صار مسك

أخرى .مره

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Thank You