Community Perspectives in Managing Crop Biodiversity

8/14/2019 Community Perspectives in Managing Crop Biodiversity

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Pablo B. Eyzaguirre, Senior Scientist, Anthropology &

Socioeconomics, IPGRI Bhuwon Sthapit, Scientist, In Situ Crop Conservation Rachael Wamae, Kyanika Adult Women Group Yasuyuki Morimoto, Associate Scientist, Ethnobotany

Community perspectives in

Managing Crop Biodiversity


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Good practices for strengthening community- based PGR management

Selected participatory approaches and methods Community sensitization Diversity fair, diversity block, diversity kits Community biodiversity register

Mosaic landscapes


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Visions of Landscape

an area as it is perceived by people (IUCN)

a transformation of social ideology into physical form

(Pearson) Material objects, social creations, and mentalrepresentations (La Tour, from Pearson)

Definitions that recognize the ideologies of peoplewho share a particular place as fundamentaldrivers of transformations of bio-physicalcomponents within and across environments:


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Mosaic landscapes

Variations in land use and deployment of agricultural biodiversitycharacterize culturally maintained landscapes.Ex. Andean landscape mosaics (Terrazas and Valdivia 1998)


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Farmers network analysis in Kachorwa ecositeSubedi et al., 2003

Seed networks in Nepal


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Village workshop Social and resource mapping

Rural diversity drama Rural poetry journey Folk song competition

Traditional food fair Diversity fair

undation elements for community awareness:

Community sensitization


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Diversity Diversity fair fair..community based competitive event to displaylocal crop diversity

locating diversity and recognizing custodianslocating diversity and recognizing custodians

enhance exchange of materials and knowledge rapid assessment of varietal diversity sensitize community enhance farmer participation collection of germplasm


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non-replicated blocks (by ecological domain)under farmers management

characterization and evaluation of characterization and evaluation of

farmers varieties and preferred traitsfarmers varieties and preferred traits assessment of consistency of farmers descriptor in

naming and describing farmer-named cultivar selection for parent seed multiplication for diversity kits community sensitization

Diversity blocks


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aset of small quantity of seeds for informal research and developmen

encourage farmers to search, select and maintain preferredencourage farmers to search, select and maintain preferredlocal genetic resourceslocal genetic resources

deployment diversity for managing pests and diseasesdeployment diversity for managing pests and diseasesstressesstresses

strengthening seed networks for improved gene flowstrengthening seed networks for improved gene flow enhance farmer participation

Diversity Kits


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a register (farmer informationdatabase) maintained by

community based organizations for keeping inventory andmonitoring local crop diversity for the community benefits and

needs

Community Biodiversity Register


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recognition that community controls information,materials and decision making process

strengthen local capacity for conservation andutilization decisions

decentralization of farmer information database atcommunity level

local commitment and a sense of ownership address the needs of rural livelihoods and income code of conduct for access to and benefit sharing

Difference in approach?:

Community Biodiversity RegisterCommunity Biodiversity Register


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Objectives:

documentationdocumentationmonitoringmonitoringmarketingmarketingexchangeexchange biopiracy biopiracyownershipownership



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Numbers of farmer-named cultivars orfarmer unit of diversity at HH or villagelevel

Monitor changes in number and area of common and rare and unique cultivars

Indicators for monitoring genetic diversity in situ


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In situ performance chart

0

20

40

60

80

10 0

12 0

1997 1998 1999 2000

No of landraceArea planted

No of farmers

Monitoring of changes in population size (area, HH number) of Monitoring of changes in population size (area, HH number) of crops or farmers variety over timecrops or farmers variety over time



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a sense of social responsibility amongstcommunity members

promote exchange of materials and knowledge

income generation by promoting marketing of unique and economically valuable geneticresources

monitoring genetic erosion at local level and make

conservation decisions develop options for adding benefits and setting breeding goals

awareness on risk of biopiracy and protect farmers rights

Challenges: Benefits to farmers


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Steps for implementing farmer

information database, CBRAnalysis and sharing of information and link with R&DRecording of CBR for understanding diversity

Agreement on roles and responsibilities and codeof conduct for sharing information and benefits

Setting objectives of CBR with community

Training for CBR documentation Diversity fair for locating diversity and custodians

Sharing ideas with community andgrassroots institutions


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Communitybio-diversity

register

NationalGenebank

Options

PVS PPB

Diversity fair/block *

Householdseed store

Formal Breeding

Farmers seedsupply system

Community-based PGR management Communit y-based PGR management (Source: Sthapit and Jarvis, 1999)

Strengthening local capacity for management of localStrengthening local capacity for management of localcrop diversity for rural livelihoods and incomecrop diversity for rural livelihoods and income


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Local knowledge documentation and exchange topreserve the varieties of the bottle gourd (Kitete) inKenya


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Why is it important to conserve bottle gourd diversityin Kitui?

Plastics are spoiling ourenvironment

We have need containers, food,money

Old people are not passingknowledge to the young peoplesufficiently


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The many uses of bottle gourds

Seed container

Cloth boxChicks house Milk container

Bowls

For music


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Kitete is foodMongu types are edible

Young leaves are edible


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How did we documentand keep information?Writing on note books, taperecording, video taking, taking photosCommunity resource centerGroup participation

Group Demonstration field

Tape recording Group work

Training by experts


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How we benefited as a community

VisitorsKyanika in Internet

Money from sales

Kitete museumand resourcecentre


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Using kitete experience to conserve cowpeavarieties

Cowpea is both a leafy vegetable crop and a pulse (seed) It is the most important vegetable in Kitui and very nutritious

There are many types; creeping, erect, early or late maturing,some good for seed and other good for vegetable.

Kyanika Grouphas collectedover 20 cowpeavarieties from allover the district


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Thank youWelcome to Kyanika Kitui, Kenya

Kitete song

Community Perspectives in Managing Crop Biodiversity

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