COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY

2011.GUGS 1

COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2011.GUGS 2

FINAL EXAM REVIEW TOPICS1. LAB SAFETY2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD3. METRICS4. DENSITY5. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE6. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS7. PROPERTIES OF IONIC VS. MOLECULAR

COMPOUNDS8. SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY9. pH

2011.GUGS 3

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011.GUGS 4

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they

are used:

2011.GUGS 5

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they

are used:1. Goggles: protect eyes2. Aprons: protect clothing3. Gloves: protect hands

2011.GUGS 6

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 safety RULES & explain why they are

enforced:

2011.GUGS 7

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 safety RULES & explain why they are

enforced: possible answers may include1. Tie back long hair: won’t catch fire.2. Cover feet & legs: to protect from chemical

splashing/spills & broken glass.3. Know the procedure: to prevent unsafe errors.4. Remove dangling jewelry: can get caught on

things.5. Dispose of chemical wastes as directed: some

chemicals can be pollutants.

2011.GUGS 8

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is the EPA & what is it’s purpose?

2011.GUGS 9

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is the EPA & what is it’s purpose?

EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency.

It is a U. S. government agency protects human health and the environment

2011.GUGS 10

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is OSHA & what is it’s purpose?

2011.GUGS 11

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is OSHA & what is it’s purpose?

OSHA is the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.

Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health.

2011.GUGS 12

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN?

2011.GUGS 13

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN?

MSDS stands for material safety data sheet .

2011.GUGS 14

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS?

2011.GUGS 15

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS?

Material safety data sheet (MSDS) gives data regarding the properties and hazards of a substance for workers

2011.GUGS 16

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS LD 50?

2011.GUGS 17

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS LD 50?

The LD50 is the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested (LD = "lethal dose").

2011.GUGS 18

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSUsing an actual MSDS at this link MSDS

provide the following information:1. Name of substance: _____________2. Chemical formula: _______________3. Boiling Point: ___________________4. LD-50: _________________________

http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927227

2011.GUGS 19

Scientific MethodList the steps in the Scientific Method:

2011.GUGS 20

Scientific MethodList the steps in the Scientific Method:1. State the problem with

independent & dependent variables2. Form hypothesis3. Design experiment has a control.4. Gather data (perform experiment).5. Form conclusion.6. Evaluate the validity.

2011.GUGS 21

Scientific MethodWHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL?

2011.GUGS 22

Scientific MethodWHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL?

A sample in which a factor whose effect is being estimated is absent or responds in a predictable way, in order to provide a comparison.

2011.GUGS 23

Scientific MethodCOMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT

VARIABLES.

2011.GUGS 24

Scientific MethodCOMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

The independent variable is the variable being manipulated/changed.

The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.

The dependent variable responds to the independent variable.

2011.GUGS 25

Scientific MethodChoose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to

show where the volume reading should be correctly read.

2011.GUGS 26

Scientific MethodChoose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to

show where the volume reading should be correctly read.

***************

2011.GUGS 27

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Measurement Metric Unit1. Length2. Mass3. Volume4. Time

2011.GUGS 28

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.

Measurement Metric Unit1. Length m-meter2. Mass g-gram3. Volume L-liter4. Time s-seconds

2011.GUGS 29

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Prefix Value

(decimal/fraction)1. Milli2. Kilo3. Deci4. Centi

2011.GUGS 30

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Prefix Value

(decimal/fraction)1. Milli 1/1000 or 0.0012. Kilo 10003. Deci 1/10 or 0.14. Centi 1/100 or 0.01

2011.GUGS 31

DENSITYSTATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY.

2011.GUGS 32

DENSITYSTATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY.

Density is mass divided by volume:

D = m/V

2011.GUGS 33

DENSITYCalculate the density of an object

that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL.

2011.GUGS 34

DENSITYCalculate the density of an object

that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL.

D = m / VD = 7.0 g / 3.5 mLD = 2 g / mL

2011.GUGS 35

DENSITY

WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER?

2011.GUGS 36

DENSITYWHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER?

Soda Can Sinks: MORE DENSE THAN WATER!

2011.GUGS 37

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE

There are approximately elements.

2011.GUGS 38


There are approximately 114 elements.

2011.GUGS 39


The 3 major types of elements are:

2011.GUGS 40


The 3 major types of elements are:Metal, nonmetals, & metalloids.

2011.GUGS 41


List 3 properties of metals.

2011.GUGS 42


List 3 properties of metals.1. Ductile (can be made into wire)2. Malleable (can be shaped)3. Good heat & electricity

conductors

2011.GUGS 43


What does the number35 represent?

2011.GUGS 44


What does the number35 represent?Atomic number

2011.GUGS 45


What do theletters Brrepresent?

2011.GUGS 46


What do theletters Brrepresent?The chemicalsymbol of theelement.

2011.GUGS 47


What does the number79.90 represent?

2011.GUGS 48


What does the number79.90 represent?Atomic mass

2011.GUGS 49


In the periodic table, families are arranged in ____________.

2011.GUGS 50


In the periodic table, families are arranged in vertical columns.

2011.GUGS 51


In the periodic table, periods are arranged in .

2011.GUGS 52


In the periodic table, periods are arranged in horizontal rows.

2011.GUGS 53


In the periodic table, there are periods.

2011.GUGS 54


In the periodic table, there are 7 periods.

2011.GUGS 55


In the periodic table, there are families.

2011.GUGS 56


In the periodic table, there are 18 families.

2011.GUGS 57


The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s

.

2011.GUGS 58


The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s

electronic structure.

2011.GUGS 59


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

12

1718

2011.GUGS 60


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

1 Alkali metals2

1718

2011.GUGS 61


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

1 Alkali metals2 Alkaline earth metals

1718

2011.GUGS 62


Complete the table:

Group Family Name


17 Halogens18

2011.GUGS 63


Complete the table:

Group Family Name


17 Halogens18 Noble gases

2011.GUGS 64


Complete the table:

Element Family Name

LiBaI

Ne

2011.GUGS 65


Complete the table:

Element Family Name

Li Alkali metalsBa Alkaline earth metalsI Halogens

Ne Noble gases

2011.GUGS 66


An element’s identity is based on it’s ________.

2011.GUGS 67


An element’s identity is based on it’s atomic number.

2011.GUGS 68


Identify the element which has an atomic number of 6.

2011.GUGS 69



Carbon.

2011.GUGS 70



2011.GUGS 71



Sulfur.

2011.GUGS 72


Identify the element that has the symbol Fe.

2011.GUGS 73


Identify the element that has the symbol Fe.

Iron.

2011.GUGS 74


Identify the element that has the symbol K.

2011.GUGS 75


Identify the element that has the symbol K.

Potassium.

2011.GUGS 76


Complete the table:Isotope Atomic

#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 30 36M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 77



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 30 36M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 78



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36

M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 79



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 80



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 81



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 80-35 =

45-1

2011.GUGS 82



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 80-35 =

4535 + 1 = 36

-1

2011.GUGS 83


Complete the table:Atom Metal or

Nonmetal?Cation or Anion?

Gains or loses electrons?

# of electrons gained or lost

Ion formed

Sodium, Na Na +

Sulfur, S S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 84






Ion formed

Sodium, Na Metal Cation Loses 1 lost Na +

Sulfur, S S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 85






Ion formed


Sulfur, S Nonmetal Anion Gains 2 gained S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 86






Ion formed



Magnesium, Mg

Metal Cation Loses 2 lost Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 87






Ion formed



Magnesium, Mg

Metal Cation Loses 2 lost Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Metal Cation Loses 3 lost Al 3+

2011.GUGS 88

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

Complete the table:Element Cation

formulaElement Anion

formulaCompound formula

Name

Calcium Nitrogen

Sodium Sulfur

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 89





Name

Calcium Ca2+ Nitrogen N3- Ca3N2Calcium nitride

Sodium Sulfur

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 90





Name


Sodium Na+ Sulfur S- Na2S Sodium sulfide

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 91




formulaCmpd formula

Name


Sodium Na+ Sulfur S- Na2S Sodium sulfide

Aluminum

Al3+ Fluorine F- AlF3Aluminum

fluoride

2011.GUGS 92


Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide:

2011.GUGS 93


Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide:Mg(OH)2

2011.GUGS 94


How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba3(PO4)2?

2011.GUGS 95


How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba3(PO4)2?

2 X 4 = 8

2011.GUGS 96


Write the formula for barium phosphate:

2011.GUGS 97


Write the formula for barium phosphate:Ba3(PO4)2

2011.GUGS 98

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute:

2. Solvent:

2011.GUGS 99

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute: A substance dissolved in

another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.

2. Solvent:

2011.GUGS 100

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute: A substance dissolved in another

substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.

2. Solvent: a substance that dissolves another to form a solution; usually the component of a solution present in the greater amount.

2011.GUGS 101

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY

Define the following:1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Supersaturated4. Electrolyte

2011.GUGS 102


Define the following:

1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum amount of solute.

2. Saturated3. Supersaturated4. Electrolyte

2011.GUGS 103


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than

the maximum amount of solute.

2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum amount of solute.

3. Supersaturated: 4. Electrolyte:

2011.GUGS 104


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than

the maximum amount of solute.2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the

maximum amount of solute.

3. Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the maximum amount of solute.

4. Electrolyte:

2011.GUGS 105


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the

maximum amount of solute.2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum

amount of solute.3. Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the

maximum amount of solute.

4. Electrolyte: material containing free ions that can conduct an electrical current. Most electrolytes consist of ions in solution, and they are referred to as ionic solutions.

2011.GUGS 106


If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility ______________.

2011.GUGS 107


If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility decreases.

2011.GUGS 108


If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility ________________.

2011.GUGS 109


If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility increases.

2011.GUGS 110


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofpotassium chloride (KCl) at 80oC?

2011.GUGS 111


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofpotassium chloride (KCl) at 80oC?50 grams

2011.GUGS 112


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofAmmonia (NH3) at 20oC?

2011.GUGS 113


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofAmmonia (NH3) at 20oC?52 grams

2011.GUGS 114


Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO3 in 100 grams of water?

2011.GUGS 115


Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO3 in 100 grams of water? 20 oC

2011.GUGS 116

pHComplete the table.

pH Acidic, basic, or neutral?

1

5

7

9

13

2011.GUGS 117

pHComplete the table.

pH Acidic, basic, or neutral?

1 acidic

5 acidic

7 neutral

9 basic

13 basic

2011.GUGS 118

pHAn example of a substance that is basic

is .

2011.GUGS 119

pHAn example of a substance that is

acidic is .

2011.GUGS 120

pHAn example of a substance that is

neutral is .

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